The Infield Fly Rule: A Thorough Explanation

A complete look at the Infield Fly rule, and it’s younger brother the intentional drop rule.
At one point I say this is in Rule 2, that applies to the NCAA rules. In MLB’s rulebook, which I actually read in this video, it is in the Definition of Terms section, which is now at the end of the rulebook.
0:00 - Introduction
0:49 - Basics
4:10 - Foul Balls
5:52 - The “Infield”
6:22 - Umps Rule
7:35 - Intentional Drop Rule
10:37 - Interference
12:06- Why not only first?
13:17 - Recap
Complete Intro to Baseball playlist here: • Learn Baseball

[@Joekuh]

As an umpire, I appreciate this detailed explanation

[@MH-Tesla]

Under high school rules and rules for Little League or lower levels than high school, the rules include that if the umpire forgets to call the infield fly rule, it still applies. Then the rulebook continues by saying, it is up to the runners to know when the infield fly rule applies even if the umpire does not call it.

[@dalcaY]

I had to explain this to a coach of a 12u team. Bases loaded, no out, popup to short. I immediately call infield fly. Shortstop drops it (not on purpose). Runner on 1st goes 3/4 way 2nd, retreats and is thrown out. Coach tried to convince me it's a dead ball. Between innings I had to pull the rule up to show him that runners may advance at their own risk

[@brandonward2619]

I prefer this simple life relating description by Rooster, played by Al Pacino in Righteous Kill Rooster : "You know what I think about before I pull the trigger? I think about the infield fly rule. I love that rule. It assumes the worst of everybody. It says sorry batter you're a smuck for poppin' up with runners on and you stupid infielder you don't get to cheat and drop the ball just because you caught a break. My favorite part, the batter's out but the runners advance at their own risk. That's the way life should be, you can be a mofo at your own risk... or not."

[@OlivierVanDerVreken]

One of the best IFR explanation, thank you!

[@machinerobinapex6768]

Love this video. Extremely well done.

[@hugoduzit]

I have enough of an understanding, don’t think I can ever truly wrap my head around it lmao

[@rslwannabe9475]

In case you still lost 6 months later... To my understanding: Also, imagine this in your head every time you read a sentence update the image in your head or draw a drawing to fully understand it :) (Possible Scenarios) 2 Batters. One on the first one on the second. 3 batters. bases loaded. (Unpossible Scenarios) Infield fly while batters on 3rd and second (Keep in mind) Forceouts are the whole reason behind this rule So they cant drop it and get a triple/double play. (Second and first are loaded) If it's 1 out and it hits the ground uncaught then it's an out. If it hits the ground on 2 outs it's fair. (Why?) (Pretend 3rd is catching) (You're the hitter) batters scenarios: 2 batters. One on first and one on second -You hit the ball up in the infield -The ump calls in infield fly -3rd base rushes over to catch it with ORDINARY ability. -They purposely miss it -The forceouts are 3rd, 2nd, and 1st. -They throw the ball to 3rd, Then 2nd, then first (1st HAS to go to 2nd, and 2nd has to go to Third) (The scoreboard is 1 out) -They get 3rd base forced out and then 2nd base forced out. Innings switching. (Now the rule is implemented) (Pretend 3rd is catching) (You're the hitter) Batter scenarios 2 batters. One on first and one on second. -You hit the ball up in the infield -The ump calls infield fly (Currently 1 out) -3rd Base rushes over to catch it with ordinary ability -They purposely miss it -Your out (Currently 2 outs) -INFIELD FLY RULE IMPLEMENTED BY UMP- (Next batter. You again) (Currently 2 outs) -Your up to bat again- (I know, I know.) You hit the ball up straight again to 3rd base 3rd base misses the ball You're safe. (I believe, I kinda lost focus here. Feel free to correct in chat) Now pretend he caught it anyway (Currently 2 outs) -You bang it up sky high above 3rd- -Ump calls infield flyball- -Catcher catches it- 3rd out.. Switching teams. Reread that a few times and check this link out. It's where i learned it. Take about 30 minutes to really let it sink in. if it 0 or 1 outs for the batters then it called out if it hits the ground uncaught If it 2 outs then they call it fair because if they caught it anyway it would be a 3rd out anyway so the INFIELDERS screwed themselves over anyway -Batter hits it up in the infield If the ump doesn't call it ''Infield Fly'' Then you play it like a normal pop fly -The ump calls it infield fly -People go to catch it -Misconnunicate or purposely miss -www.mlb.com/news/the-infield-fly-rule-a-history-and-explanation ALRIGHT, i wrote all that in the hopes of giving myself a better understanding of it. I learned it like 30 minutes ago so if it's wrong, it's wrong. Link is 100% correct though.

[@DuckMallard11]

Outstanding, Sir. Great video explanation.

[@Bronx_Yankee]

Excellent

[@davidrobins1021]

I've been watching this playlist in order from the start, having come from a place of zero knowledge of baseball, and the videos have been great, with clear explanations of concepts. However, this one left me totally flummoxed. The section from 0:50 left me wondering "what the heck is this even about? What's the thing here? When is this "infield fly rule" invoked? What is he going on about?" This just didn't mesh with the understanding of the game I've got up to this point. I went to Wikipedia, and the first few lines answered all of these questions. Quote: "The infield fly rule is a rule of baseball and softball that treats certain fly balls as though caught, before the ball is caught, even if the infielder fails to catch it or drops it on purpose. The umpire's declaration of an infield fly means that the batter is out (and all force plays are removed) regardless of whether the ball is caught. The rule exists solely to prevent the defense from executing a double play or triple play by deliberately failing to catch a ball that an infielder could catch with ordinary effort. "A ball batted into the air subjects baserunners to a dilemma. If the ball is caught, they must return to their original base; if not caught, the batter becomes a runner and certain runners are forced to advance to the next base. Baserunners study the fielder and advance only far enough from the base to ensure that they can return safely if the ball is caught. If a presumed catch becomes a non-catch, forced runners must run forward instead of back. This creates an advantage for the defense in intentionally failing to execute an easy catch, which the infield fly rule exists to remove." [End quote] Now I understand it perfectly, and the rest of the video makes sense. So I will give this as constructive criticism of this video from a learner's standpoint: the whole point and crux of what's going on with this rule just wasn't made clear at the start, with the result that nothing made sense. This is not to detract from the overall quality of your teaching, which is great. Hopefully the above Wikipedia quote clears things up for anyone else who is reading this and who was equally confused.

[@jayhawk6767]

Is a runner called out also if the batter interferes on an infield fly? The batter cannot be called out twice. Excellent explanation, by the way!

[@vzjrz]

AWWW MY HEAD! IT HURTS!!!

[@stevenwells5670]

Best I've ever heard...

[@alanhess9306]

One little clarification of the intentionally drop rule. It seems many people think that if the ball is touched by the glove, but drops to the ground the rule should be called. That's not true. The umpire must determine the fielder intentionally dropped the ball. Guiding the ball to the ground or opening the glove after having the ball is intentional. The fielder taking his eyes off the ball or otherwise misplaying the ball after it hits his glove is not intentional. For those of you who ask how the umpire can determine the intent of the fielder, I have to say after you umpire a couple hundred games, you will easily recognize an intentional drop.

[@MaydayAggro]

Clarification: the batter is out WHEN the ball is determined to be fair, which is at the time it is touched, hits the ground past first or third, or stops moving.

[@killerb255]

The Infield Fiy Rule should be renamed the "InfieldER Fly Rule". All you need for the Infield Fly Rule to take effect (regardless of trying to assert your opinion as fact only to hide behind "it's my opinion") is the following: 1) Force play at 3rd base (runners on 1st and 2nd or bases loaded) 2) Less than two outs 3) A non-bunted pop up 4) The potential for an INFIELDER (or anyone playing the infield at the beginning of the play) to, in the umpire's judgment, catch it with ordinary effort. 5) The ball to land in fair territory if it's NOT caught. So if your infielders were The Flash, Sonic the Hedgehog, Nightcrawler from the X-Men, and Speedy Gonzales, then an Infield Fly can be called at the freaking warning track because players like that could catch the ball from anywhere with ordinary effort.

[@jeremyhall7951]

Congrats on mis interpreting a rule and adding nothing of value with your bs opinion hiding as a fact of your own opinion.....

[@avixxina]

This happened on the astros vs red sox game today. So confusing 😅

[@Neckelism]

Suddenly the FIFA Football offside rule is very easy to understand.

[@thepic4139]

You quoted the wrong rule. It is not 5.09 (a) (12). It is Rule 6.5 (l). Rule 6.5 (l) is exactly what you stated, verbaitim. Otherwise, terrific explanations. I now believe that the Pete Kozma play was called correctly (sorry, Braves fans).

[@twest344]

In 2022 Xander Bogaerts turned a double play after intentionally letting a ball drop. I was totally confused, and had to look up the fact that the IFR didn't apply to runner on first only (after playing little league through HS and watching for 45 years). Since he didn't touch the ball at all, the 'dropped fly rule' didn't apply ether. It was weird to see.

[@yoshiwoollyworld]

Wouldn’t this happen because the batter was slow at running?

[@thomaswolf723]

Good explanation. I wonder if you believe the infield fly rule was correctly called in the famous Atlanta-St. Louis playoff game. I do.

[@fusionstyle67]

Yes. kzbin.info/www/bejne/onSzaJyQfNRqg7c

[@alanhess9306]

Yes, it met all the requirements for an infield fly. It was the correct call.

[@theburnetts]

One question - at 4:20 you said the following: "if a declared infield fly falls untouched outside the baseline and bounces fair before passing first or third base it is an infield fly". Is that correct? So the batter hits a pop up in the infield that is close to the line. The umpire calls out "infield fly if fair", the ball hits the ground in foul territory and then rolls fair before being touched. That is an infield fly? I never knew that.

[@keith6706]

Yep, because it would be a fair ball in any case, just like if an fly landed fair and rolls out before it reaches first or third, it's a foul ball. I was umpiring a game and the batting team's top hitter, with the bases loaded, one out, hit an infield fly. I called it, but the first baseman got lazy and let it drop. It rolled foul, infield fly rule doesn't apply, batter stays in the box. The team's manager went ballistic, screaming that he should be out. Next pitch, double to the wall that scored three runs, and the manager comes storming out of the dugout. I ended up pointing at the first baseman and told the manager if he wanted to scream and rant, do it at _him_ because if he'd caught the ball or just touched it before it had rolled foul, the batter would have been out, and they'd be looking at two outs and three fewer runs.

[@theburnetts]

Another question - how does the umpire determine who is an infielder and who is an outfielder for the purposes of the infield fly rule? Let's say the team is in an extreme shift and the third baseman has been moved in to right field. He is sort of positioned behind the second baseman but in front of the right fielder. If a pop up went to him and he had to drift back 15 feet before making the play "with ordinary effort" would that be an infield fly even though by that time the third baseman is pretty much in right field? I am just curious as to how an umpire would determine before the pitch which players are deemed to be infielders based on their positioning.

[@TheOnDeckCircle]

At some level it is a judgement call, but the mlb rulebook says: "The pitcher, catcher and any outfielder who stations himself in the infield on the play shall be considered infielders for the purpose of this rule." And also: "On the infield fly rule the umpire is to rule whether the ball could ordinarily have been handled by an infielder-not by some arbitrary limitation such as the grass, or the base lines. The umpire must rule also that a ball is an infield fly, even if handled by an outfielder, if, in the umpire’s judgment, the ball could have been as easily handled by an infielder."

[@truthof7382]

Watching videos, apparently the “look back rule” in softball baffles coaches as well.

[@DjStalin100]

I have an arm band when I umpire. In the band, I have a cheat sheet with diagrams and rules for reminder. As an umpire, it is easier to call these situations when you have two or more umpires on the field. When working as a one man unit, it is difficult to call a game without blowing calls.

[@stevennihipali3607]

We use 1 ump all thy time and have to deal w missed calls, etc..

[@tedryan2798]

Why are bunted balls excluded? About half of bunted balls are popped up and put runners in a situation that the INFR tries to avoid. There was an example of this a few years ago, (Mariners vs Blue Jays) that turned into a triple play.

[@fusionstyle67]

The infield fly rule was changed in 1920 to exclude bunted balls. Bunts are supposed to be ground balls. Why protect the offense on a bad bunt?

[@jeremyhall7951]

Ive seen times when an ump calls 'infield fly' and the ball falls foul wo being caught and they still consider the batter 'out' . Why?

[@evansjohnc]

In that situation he should call "infield fly if fair ".

[@baseballumpires6901]

I have never seen an umpire stay with out on a foul ball when calling IFR. It is a foul ball.

[@awesomeness24great62]

infeild rule in dont alway count if it straight up lineout i drop a line out at camp but not on purpose i should have catch it but it was all for fun but i was wearing the camp small baseball instead of bringing my own . there was runner on first but since that it was for fun there were no umpire. if there was it were probably a error

[@kmlobe516]

Scenario that happened to my team this weekend, Bases loaded, 1 out. Ball gets popped up to my short stop, Infield fly is clearly called by both umpires. Ball is caught, runner on 2nd does not tag up, short stop steps on 2nd for the 3rd out of the inning. Opposing teams coach is arguing and stating that all force plays are off and the runner has to be touched. Umpires get together and call the runner on 2nd safe. What is the correct ruling on this? My understanding is that its all treated as normal if the ball is caught, and the force out is removed when advancing bases not going back to the base you occupied when the ball was hit.

[@TheOnDeckCircle]

This is a tricky one, but I think you have it right. If the ball is caught it's just like the infield fly rule was never called in the first place; it's just a flyout. So any runners would need to tag up before advancing. The runner on first doesn't have to advance, so there's no force at second for him. The runner on second did need to tag up, however, in order to get the runner called out for leaving early, the defense would have to appeal at second base after the play is over, not during the play. So the runner on second broke the rule, but got away with it because the defense didn't appeal. Just like you can't bat out of order, but if they other team doesn't catch it, the umpires will not stop it from happening.

[@alanhess9306]

An appeal of a runner leaving early is not a force out. the coach and the umpires were wrong.

[@rslwannabe9475]

In case you still lost 6 months later... To my understanding: The whole thing is to stop abusing force outs And if you hit one up and the ump calls ''Infield fly'' your out no matter what. If they catch it or drop it. Also, imagine this in your head every time you read a sentence update the image in your head or draw a drawing to fully understand it :) (Possible Scenarios) 2 Batters. One on the first one on the second. 3 batters. bases loaded. (Unpossible Scenarios) Infield fly while batters on 3rd and second (Keep in mind) Forceouts are the whole reason behind this rule So they cant drop it and get a triple/double play. (Second and first are loaded) If it's 1 out and it hits the ground uncaught then it's an out. If it hits the ground on 2 outs it's fair. (Why?) (Pretend 3rd is catching) (You're the hitter) batters scenarios: 2 batters. One on first and one on second -You hit the ball up in the infield -The ump calls in infield fly -3rd base rushes over to catch it with ORDINARY ability. -They purposely miss it -The forceouts are 3rd, 2nd, and 1st. -They throw the ball to 3rd, Then 2nd, then first (1st HAS to go to 2nd, and 2nd has to go to Third) (The scoreboard is 1 out) -They get 3rd base forced out and then 2nd base forced out. Innings switching. (Now the rule is implemented) (Pretend 3rd is catching) (You're the hitter) Batter scenarios 2 batters. One on first and one on second. -You hit the ball up in the infield -The ump calls infield fly (Currently 1 out) -3rd Base rushes over to catch it with ordinary ability -They purposely miss it -Your out (Currently 2 outs) INFIELD FLY RULE IMPLEMENTED BY UMP (Next batter. You again) (Currently 2 outs) Your up to bat again (I know, I know.) You hit the ball up straight again to 3rd base 3rd base misses the ball You're safe. (I believe, I kinda lost focus here. Feel free to correct in chat) Now pretend he caught it anyway (Currently 2 outs) You bang it up sky high above 3rd Ump calls infield flyball Catcher catches it 3rd out.. Switching teams. Reread that a few times and check this link out. It's where i learned it. Take about 30 minutes to really let it sink in. if it 0 or 1 outs for the batters then it called out if it hits the ground uncaught If it 2 outs then they call it fair because if they caught it anyway it would be a 3rd out anyway so the INFIELDERS screwed themselves over anyway -Batter hits it up in the infield If the ump doesn't call it ''Infield Fly'' Then you play it like a normal pop fly -The ump calls it infield fly -People go to catch it -Misconnunicate or purposely miss -www.mlb.com/news/the-infield-fly-rule-a-history-and-explanation ALRIGHT, i wrote all that in the hopes of giving myself a better understanding of it. I learned it like 30 minutes ago so if it's wrong, it's wrong. Link is 100% correct though.

[@pilgrimhere652]

Back in1976,I was 16 years old," Me and my friends played a game between a the little fish( our team) and fair view( the adversaries) I was in the left field ready to win in the ,last inning , They had one on second base and another one on first base ," With two outs, And I had a spasm on my back , There is a fly ball over third base, and there I'm running with my neck bent , I got it, I got it , I got it, and the ball just swept the glove and dropped on the ground , two runs went in and we lost by one race, But now I figured out with that infield rule that we won that game," All my friends became so annoying on the way back to the project because of my fault, But I got to find them and tell them, that after 45 years I discovered that we really won that game. 😢🕵😎Hold on, The umpire is suppose to make the call to infielder ?? Man !! I guess we still lost that game. Oh 1976, How did that happen? 😵😭

[@austinsmith3730]

Also there has to be less than 2 outs

[@alanhess9306]

Please explain further why you think you won the game. I think you are totally wrong.

[@awesomeness24great62]

u forgot one thing what happen it drop on homeplate

[@TheOnDeckCircle]

Home plate is in fair territory. It shouldn't make much difference.

[@awesomeness24great62]

@@TheOnDeckCircle thnks

[@mateobeccar2618]

I’m still confused as to the reason for such a convoluted rule. I didn’t really understand what problem it’s supposed to solve. Much confused. Wow.

[@killerb255]

It's supposed to stop fielders from intentionally dropping the ball while runners are waiting to tag up and then getting cheap double and triple plays from it.

[@mptr1783]

@@killerb255 yeah, that wouldnt be fun. IMO, eliminate the stupid rule that rewards a batter for hitting a weak flyball to the infield. Yet, the same batter can hit a wicked ground ball and that can turn into a double-play. If MLB really wants to speed up the game, Id eliminate the IFF as a start

[@gregbutler5521]

@@mptr1783 How is being called out immediately “rewarding” the batter?

[@mylesmarkson1686]

@@gregbutler5521 It prevents him from hitting into a double-play (and possibly even a triple-play). I agree with MPTR that it needs to go. It causes way-too much confusion.

[@humanbeing2420]

Seems like the rule should apply with a runner on first. I've never understood why it doesn't.

[@BloodoperaBlackvomit]

You spelt your title wrong.

[@TheOnDeckCircle]

Lol, thanks.

[@klieu90210]

The infield fly rule and intentional drop rule are both horrible and too complicated. There should always be incentive to catch the ball over dropping it (except of course when in foul territory and catching it would result in the undesirable advance of runners, especially to score). I understand the need to protect runners from intentional drop shenanigans, but the way currently implemented is not even remotely suitable or fair. Here is my suggestion for the rule: When there are less than 2 outs, and a force play is possible, and a fly ball on the infield could be easily caught by an infielder with reasonable effort at discretion of the umpire, then the infield fly rule should be called. When the IFR is called, if the ball is caught, then this is treated as any other play, with runners able to advance at their own risk. When the IFR is called, and the ball is *not* caught (whether or not it touches a fielder before falling to the ground), then the batter shall advance to 1st base, all baserunners on which there was a potential force play shall advance one base, and any other baserunners are free to advance at their own risk.

[@keith6706]

"all baserunners on which there was a potential force play shall advance one base, and any other baserunners are free to advance at their own risk". That makes zero sense. An IFR is only called if there are runners at first or second, or the bases are loaded. There's no possible way for there to be another runner who isn't forced. The only way your scenario would work is a runner on first and a runner on third. But in that case, there's no IFR to begin with.

[@fusionstyle67]

@@keith6706 In his version, first and third would also be an infield fly situation

[@alanhess9306]

It really is not complicated. The potential for an infield fly exists when there are fewer than two outs, the are are runners at first and second base or the bases are loaded, and a fair batted ball is hit into the air that could be caught by an infielder using ordinary effort. The rule does not include bunts or line drives. The ball stays live and runners may attempt to advance by tagging up if the ball is caught. The effect of the the IFR is that the batter is out so there are no force plays anywhere. As far as the intentional drop rule, the batter is out, the ball is dead and runners stay at the base occupied at the time of the pitch. Both rules are designed to protect the offense by preventing the defense from turning a "cheap" double play.

[@javierguzman4833]

LIKE MY SPELLING

[@MRVIDEOMASTER-yw1qw]

God loves you all! The Father sent the Son to die for you and your sins so that you could experience freedom to the fullest! Believe in Christ's death and resurrection (which sealed the work done on the cross) for your salvation and the forgiveness of sins! Amen! God loves you all! The Father sent the Son to die for you and your sins so that you could experience freedom to the fullest! Believe in Christ's death and resurrection (which sealed the work done on the cross) for your salvation and the forgiveness of sins! Amen! God bless you, I will keep you in my prayers!!!

[@bb1039]

The key is graphic , why nobody can cartoon this?¿

[@javierguzman4833]

NO THE RULE STATES A INFIELDER MUST BE UNDER THE BALL NOT A OUT FIELDER

[@russellbrooker2122]

Was just gonna put this comment down, it has to be a infielder

[@MH-Tesla]

Nope. If the ball is hit right above the shortstop, but an outfielder comes in and calls off the shortstop, it still an infield fly. Just because an outfielder caught it, or tried to buy missed, doesn't change the fact that the SS could have easily done so. Furthermore, it does not say that an infielder must be under the ball. It says that an infielder could make the catch with normal effort.

[@noampitlik2332]

Yea, we don't use this crazy rule.

[@alanhess9306]

What other rules do you ignore?

[@noampitlik2332]

@@alanhess9306 That one is not codified in certain leagues. Rule variations run the gamut in youth ball.

[@thunderbugcreative7778]

"The infield fly rule" makes no sense and never will to anybody. Even if you think its a good rule with some merit, consider this... Base runners are involved in a GAME like all other PLAYERS. If a batter pops up infield whoopsy freaking daisies. No ref could or should ever judge what "ordinary effort" looks like...My ordinary effort is different to say Ozzie Smith's but most I importantly no one should be called out based on arbitrary location of FAIR ball placement PERIOD. If the defense is willing to let an easy out drop in hopes of getting 2 or 3 then go for it. Better not throw over your basemen's head though when you do pick it up or you'll be in a world of hurt. Point is its a "FAIR" ball, and both teams have the same FAIR opportunity or peril as with any GAME. Its like the chess rule where you can't put yourself in check-mate. Same poor sport doofus likely invented both rules. Thanks I'm done. ahhh that felt good. P.S. Yeah maybe I have been called out twice in one game due to this rule, so what leave me alone!

[@TheOnDeckCircle]

To clarify one point you made, Ordinary Effort is defined as "the effort that a fielder of average skill at a position in that league... should exhibit on a play, with due consideration given to the condition of the field and weather conditions." So it doesn't matter if it's Ozzie Smith or you, the standard is the same. That said, I agree that for an ump to actually make that call accurately within about a second of the ball being popped up is quite a challenge.

[@alanhess9306]

@@TheOnDeckCircle The umpire does not have to " make that call accurately within about a second of the ball being popped up". The rule says "When it seems apparent that a batted ball will be an Infield Fly, the umpire shall immediately declare “Infield Fly” for the benefit of the runners.". It becomes apparent when an infielder positions himself to make the catch, not when the ball is initially popped up.

[@javierguzman4833]

YOUR SAYS TAG UP THAT'S NOT RIGHT

[@bambinosworld2126]

There shouldn’t be an infield fly rule. This is why people most people don’t like baseball. It’s too damn confusing. It doesn’t happen enough to worry about it and when it does happen if he makes the catch, it’s an out runners have to tag up. Even if he decides to pretend to catch it and drop it on purpose and gets a double or triple play that makes baseball more fun and less boring. It will be great for sport to take that dumb ass rule and shove it

[@marvinfrankel9019]

The worst rule in baseball. Rewarding a defenseman for a bad play. Defense should loose the ability for a force out. This would make it very difficult to get a second out. Defense would have to walk runners back to the bases and hope to get 2 people on a base or walk back batter to home. That would be a nightmare for the defense.

[@MRVIDEOMASTER-yw1qw]

God loves you all! The Father sent the Son to die for you and your sins so that you could experience freedom to the fullest! Believe in Christ's death and resurrection (which sealed the work done on the cross) for your salvation and the forgiveness of sins! Amen! God loves you all! The Father sent the Son to die for you and your sins so that you could experience freedom to the fullest! Believe in Christ's death and resurrection (which sealed the work done on the cross) for your salvation and the forgiveness of sins! Amen! God bless you, I will keep you in my prayers!!!