The Interlocked History of Gravity, Astronomy, and Light

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This is the second lecture series of my complete online introductory undergraduate college course. This video series was used at William Paterson University and CUNY Hunter in online classes as well as to supplement in-person course material. Notes and links are present in the videos at the start of each lecture.
0:00:01 - lecture 1: The Dawning of Astrophysics
0:22:16 - lecture 2: Galileo, the Father of Science
0:49:32 - lecture 3: Galileo's Denouement
1:02:29 - lecture 4: Newton's Laws as well as his Guidelines
1:27:32 - lecture 5: Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Equation?
1:57:11 - lecture 6: And Yet It Moves: Galileo Vindicated
2:15:29 - lecture 7: Wave Motions Everywhere
2:34:17 - lecture 8: The Emerging Ideas about Light
2:45:56 - lecture 9: Newton's Corpuscles of Light: So Close, but So Far....
2:58:57 - lecture 10: The End of Newton's Theory of Light
In this lecture set, I discuss the accomplishments of Nicolas Copernicus, Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler in the advancement of science. We talk about the transition to a heliocentric model, and how the groundwork was laid for it to be supported eventually by Newton. Then, I move onto the accomplishments (and failures) of Galileo Galilei, Father of Modern Science. Next, we see the effect of Galileo's work around him and the work that surrounded him. Jeremiah Horrox predicted and observed a transit of Venus, the book Galileo should have written was finally done, the Geocentric model holds its head up for one more fight, and the Leaning Tower of Pisa legend was born. This leads us to Newton's Laws of Motion, and his Law of Gravity. We also talk about centers of mass and other things related to the understanding of orbits. They provide a framework for predicting the motions of the planets around the Sun. And how everything moves. Next, we take a diversion into the nature of mathematics. I find that a lot of people have a fear of math. I make it a point in my classes to overcome that fear if at all possible. After that, we discuss exactly how we know the Earth moves. We learn about parallax and stellar aberration. Finally, we can say for certain that the Earth moves, even though we don't feel it. Thus science gives us one of the first answers that goes against "common sense," but is nonetheless true. Following this, it's another chalk-and-talk, where I describe what wave motion is and how it applies to water, sound and light. Then, we begin the discussion of the origin of our current understanding of the nature of light. We learn about the progress of both the particle and wave explanations of light through history. The penultimate lecture leads us to Newton's contribution to the understanding of light. We learn about his corpuscles and how they are not waves. As we traverse the history of light and understand how it grows with time, we see how great minds tried to wrestle with big ideas as the ideas arose and the experiments that supported them became possible. We see their missteps and we learn from them. We also see how the science endeavor is a truly human one, with all our foibles and strengths on display. Finally, we see how the theory of light advances. Young's double-slit experiment and Fresnel's investigation of diffraction puts the nail into Newton's corpuscles. The solidification of the wave theory of light, however, will circle around to bite the world in the backside.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Watch the updated version here: kzbin.info/aero/PLyu4Fovbph6eEhtWx4POZZ2C09VWPT4CO

[@PraetexDesign]

I nodded off whilst watching a PBS Spacetime video and awoke here. Given how KZbin seems to construct auto play paths, expect many other weary travellers to stumble upon this lecture soon haha.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Whatever gets the hits!

[@lucavalentino2863]

Yes! I fell asleep with KZbin still playing. Then Jason’s three hour series on gravitational waves came on, and I was hooked, staying awake until dawn. What a teacher!

[@talhaimtiaz9218]

Hey you know what that just happened to me 😂😂

[@Elev8_901]

Same here. Lol

[@rickvassell8349]

I feel choriolis effects in my stomach.

[@HBees79]

Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler have a sculptural group on Keplerova Street in Prague.... I'm watching this a few blocks away 😁

[@3dstudiomike]

Thanks you again! I much prefer these videos without bg music.

[@gabrieldunn7384]

Agreed. Dramatic, noisy documentaries are annoying.

[@mazyar_]

Very Informative lectures, thank you. Ibn Sahl and Ibn al-Haytham were Persian mathematician and physicists, not Iraqi. Iraq is a modern creation.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thanks for the correction!

[@mazyar_]

@@JasonKendallAstronomer Thank you for your wonderful lectures

[@billynomates920]

I'm thinking maybe you should write a book, Jason. Introducing astronomy and you are banned from using speech to text. 500 pages is all you get! 😃

[@Jaggerbush]

This is in my playlist- Please. More. Uploads.

[@basfinnis]

Lovely. Really interesting. Thank you 😉

[@phukfone8428]

1:16:24 richard petty knew this

[@kellychuba]

So the youtube algorithm immediately plays this Prof's videos after I watch Petrov. Please tell me you are getting paid for your views. I dream better. I dream I am back in school and I was happy there. #redshift

[@SyrianArrow]

That's a beautifully presented set of facts that are, sadly, often caricatured by popular science educators. Keep up the good work.

[@paulgrasshoff5475]

Jason, I love your videos. Your joy and curiosity really come through in how you talk. Can we all pitch it to get you a better microphone?

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

I just got a Rode PodMic, so I’m good. Right now I’m trying to make my apt recording-ready….

[@elijaguy]

Jason, you are the BEST.

[@jontowers6780]

I didn't know that Dr Berg taught physics. Impressive.

[@HBees79]

thank you, love these long videos ❤️

[@vernonvouga5869]

This is on my work playlist now.

[@tomekkruk6147]

You can clearly see the passion!

[@elijaguy]

29:40 The moon's argument: Cratered is beautiful! My craters are perfect! I despise the imperfection of the un-cratered spheres. Hurray to Cratering! Its Gods cratereation!

[@jkinkamo]

Thank you sir.

[@TheEnigmaUniverse-vt2pm]

Your content never fails to amaze me and ignite my hunger for knowledge about the universe. Thank you for sparking my curiosity.

[@benquinneyiii7941]

I you are French

[@lawrencejones4174]

Where has this guy been hiding my sort of teacher

[@benquinneyiii7941]

A paradigm

[@benquinneyiii7941]

Right view

[@elijaguy]

Professor, I have a question. If a big ship sails in space at high speed, and it has a 29 meters long chimney, which is tilted to avoid rain touching its walls, in which an elevator is going up and then down, and a ray of light passes through it horizontally, through a small slit in a foil, and a drop of rain falls on the ray of light, and a little laser inteferometer modeled like the Ligo measures an unexpected contraction of the ship, will the cat live or will it die, and if it dies, what happens with its smile? (-; (-; (-; (-;

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

It depends upon whether the cat is a Jellicle Cat, and whether it has a Hat, if it has Le Guin Wings, or if its name is Grudge.

[@elijaguy]

@@JasonKendallAstronomer Thanks a lot, I appreciate, I think I catH it. Your lectures are wonderful, unusually nice, I listen to them hours and hours, and I am a retired amateur musician, no astronomer or anything serious, sirius, cereals, like this. ... !

[@chillylizerd]

42

[@DL-iq5zo]

So much interesting information and very educational. Thank you.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Glad it was helpful!

[@KCComics]

Measurement is NOT the KEY to everything; language is

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Milo, Tock and the Humbug will need to get Rhyme and Reason from the Castle in the Sky in order to resolve the differences between Azaz and the Mathemagician.

[@book3100]

And mathematics is the language of the universe.