The Jewish Risorgimento (1815-1870)

[@SamAronow]

An assortment of family connections in this video: - Samuel David Luzzatto was the great-great-nephew of Mosé Luzzatto, the Ramhal, and the great-grandfather of New York City mayor Fiorello LaGuardia. Prime Minister Luigi Luzzatti is from a different branch of the same family. - Giacomo Segre was the great-grandson of Rabbi Salvatore Segre, the deputy leader of Napoleon's Sanhedrin, and the father of World War I general Roberto Salvatore Segre. Italian Senator Liliana Segre is from a different branch of the same family. - Sarina Levi Nathan returned to Italy after the Capture of Rome and was very active in assisting women and the poor. Her son Ernesto Nathan was mayor of Rome from 1907 to 1913.

[@Alon_Jak]

Is the Israel rockstar Rami Fortis connected to Fortis mentioned in the video?

[@Nathan-ks3gv]

I cannot overstate how good this channel is. I’m not Jewish but have learned SO much throughout the series. You deserve a million subs!

[@S0ulSUrviv0R713]

I couldn't agree more His knowledge on the history, the details, is kinda mind boggling People like him & the Internet to access it all, makes me happy to be alive in these days 😊

[@albertosegre2831]

Well done! Although the general thinking was that Giacomo Segre (my great-grandfather, actually) was not selected to open the breech at Porta Pia because of his religion, but simply because he was a fine artillery officer, who also happened to be Jewish.

[@Stoneworks]

Seriously how do you not have more subs? This channel is a flippin gold mine

[@oddname1]

Oi stoneworks is here too??? No way

[@bijtmntongaf]

hi stoney….

[@DiamondKingStudios]

What a surprise

[@enclavesoldier8893]

Slowly but surely he’ll get what he has been working for, for so long.

[@smorcrux426]

I had no idea jews were so influential in the risorgimento, so much so that the entire expedition of the thousand was funded by a Jewish woman! This channel is absolutely amazing, and I really want to thank you for making this series because most other channels would have given up a millennium ago. By the way, my grandmother is originally from Tunisia, and I remember from her that in the Tunisian Jewish quarter there was a whole section for the jews from Livorno, and it's really cool that now I understand how and why they settled there.

[@generalaigullletes5830]

i see you everywhere, how?

[@smorcrux426]

@@generalaigullletes5830 woah really, that's cool! I didn't think I comment that much, but I always notice a few other specific channels that do comment quite a lot, and I guess it's just people with similar interests to me. I guess you're also into math and history?

[@Thenewbronzeagecollapse]

They were... Some Italian heroes of the Risorgimento were also influential in the development of secular Zionism (looking at you, Giuseppe Mazzini). And both Jews and Italians fought for the independence of Greece in 1830.

[@arielschant9841]

I’m Italian and this episode was sooo good!!! Great work!!! You summed up the history of Italian unification and the Church kidnapping affaire very well, and i didn’t know all the Jewish details around the story! Thank you for this beautiful docu!

[@charlesstuart7290]

An interesting postscript is that in the nationalist Italian army that conquered Rome, was Edgardo Montaro's brother who went into the Vatican, rifle in hand, hoping to liberate his brother. Unfortunately, when he found his brother, Edgardo was unwilling to leave the Vatican or his adopted religion.

[@nathanseper8738]

Was Edgardo bullied into converting and developing a Stockholm-like attachment to the church? Cause that would be really tragic.

[@TrialByDance]

@@nathanseper8738 Yep. Sam literally said in the video that he became a priest

[@nathanseper8738]

@@TrialByDanceDid he do so willingly is my question.

[@MarcoCaprini-do3dq]

​@@nathanseper8738He was indoctrinated and educated as a catholic

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

This is really helpful explanation of a very complex period! Well done.

[@SamAronow]

Thank you so much! And Shana Tova

[@bookingitwithwill402]

I'm a faithful catholic, and I'm truly glad the Vatican is limited to mostly spiritual affairs and a small slice of land now they've never been good with secular rule. You do good work Sam Aronow!

[@VoxChristiana]

Cuck

[@nicholasshaler7442]

Strange to hear that the Vatican didn’t do much good from 600 to 1870.

[@bookingitwithwill402]

@@nicholasshaler7442 I specified secular rule.

[@FlagAnthem]

​@@VoxChristiana let me guess: SSPX ?

[@FlagAnthem]

"the loss of papal state was indeed a blessing" - Albino Luciani, John Paul I

[@gibusgamer93]

I just want to say I love your videos. I'm Jewish, but I never understood my relationship to that history very well. The farthest I can directly trace my ancestors is Russia, how did they get there from the Levant? Family history is fuzzy about whether they fell in with the Reform, Orthodox, or Hasidic movements, and I really didn't even know much of the difference between the latter two. I've been binging your videos, and while there's obviously still some gaps - there's still 152 years of history left, and even once we get there, it's about Jews as a whole, not my specific family - I can't tell you how much greater a connection I feel to my family's history and to the legacy and experiences of my ancestors from watching and learning from your videos. !תודה חבר

[@SamAronow]

As more time passes, more information is being digitized and translated, especially in Ukraine, so more of it is becoming available. This is also true of my family, which I recently discovered were Maskilim. However, generally speaking the migration pattern was Judea-Italy-Germany-Poland-the Pale.

[@deshaun9473]

The Jewish diaspora in Europe dates back to the Roman occupation of ancient Judea. The Jewish presence in Russia dates back to Russian expansion and conquest of Eurasia (eastern Europe and Asia).

[@hussain6469]

“and that’s how in 13 years we went from the pope capturing a Jew to a Jew capturing the pope” 🔥🔥🔥

[@sophiethesnail]

This may be my favorite video of yours yet! I was literally on the edge of my seat. I’ve studied the Risorgimento a bit in school but somehow never heard of Edgardo Mortara.

[@SamAronow]

It made news again a few years ago when Steven Spielberg began development for a movie about it, leading a priest in Rome to write an op-ed defending the kidnapping, which led a bunch of American conservative Catholic columnists to start fighting each other. The movie never happened.

[@patrickrowan6001]

The Vatican is just the silo where god keeps his freakiest priests

[@davidschalit907]

@@SamAronow Instead, an Italian moviemaker is working on the project. Should be out in a few years.

[@FlagAnthem]

@@SamAronow Marco Bellocchio did it in the end. A brave film director who is famous for his harsh criticism to the church. He even dared to meet Pope Francis and personally suggest him to watch it.

[@milobem4458]

Asking a British newspaper their opinion on pope is like asking the KKK about MLK. Catholic emancipation was only recently passed in the UK after centuries of persecutions. It was Pius IX who officially re-established Catholic church in England, and a lot of Anglicans were still mad about it, whether left or right.

[@SamAronow]

That's true, but equally the _Spectator_ in this case wasn't criticizing the Church; it was criticizing Austria and France for keeping an archaic totalitarian state on life support for their own domestic political purposes. Compare with the Know-Nothings, who routinely used Papal treatment of Jews to justify violence against Irish-Americans.

[@milobem4458]

​@@SamAronow Papal states were definitely behind the times, and the whole Mortara case was horrible, but calling it "the worst government in the world", at the time when, e.g. Ottomans and China still had slave markets, is a bit much. Especially when the same British allied with the Sick man of Europe in the Crimean War, and kept them on life support for a while longer. But then, even now the UK and USA support the Saudis, so not much has changed.

[@FlagAnthem]

British press was the freer in Europe

[@Michael-do2xf]

I have been following you since the beginning. Your work is absolutely phenomenal, I'd especially like to laud your editing skills and sense of timing. The transition at 10:00 to the 1848 revolutions was flawless, the music crescendo and rhetoric gave me goosebumps. Thank you!

[@jelloxx]

Do you happen to know the name of the song?

[@coe3408]

​@@jelloxx Giuseppe Verdi Il Trovatore's Coro di Zingari, the Anvil Chorus

[@QWE2623]

one of your best videos yet, the presentation was fantastic

[@AshleyGravesreal]

The kidnap of Edgardo Mortara is one of the events which shocked me the most..worse thing is how the church still didn't apologize. Had to living the same situasion was kinda though since my great grandma converted to catholicism after ww2.

[@mattwashere__]

No Jews ever apologized for killing St Simon of Trent, Saint Hugh of Lincoln and many other little kids martyred by these people, sadly blinded by their hatred of Catholicism

[@naps_878]

@@mattwashere__ nice usage of the blood libel i am disappointed.

[@mattwashere__]

@@naps_878 tell that to the Catholic Church’s infallible canonizations lol, come on man, it’s not a secret that some people do infant killing as ritual sacrifices like the native Americans did in all of the continent for hundreds of years, also in Africa (still done to this day) and other places

[@FlagAnthem]

Interesting, very interesting. Yet, as a Risorgimento buff, I have to add some points: - Piedmont-Sardinia held the county of Nice as well, in some maps it doesn't appear - The II Indipendence War CB was not the abdication of tuscan Grand duke (which happened one year later) but a series of border military excercises AH considered a provocation and intimated an halt. - A remind that King Vittorio Emanuele II was the only monarch to not withdraw his 1848 statute while pressured - The money flew from many sources, including Liverpool workers who self-taxated to contribute - The 1000 expedition aim was Tuscany then Rome, but went south once knew Sicily rebelled (again) - Missed to mention the conditions of the Jewish community in Southern Italy and how even more viciously and loudly antisemitic was the bourbon dinasty - The Pope also armed and supported the exiled king of Naples in his attempt to hire mercenaries and local criminal bands to try to get back the throne. Also, the exiled neapolitan court is responsible of still living antisemitic conspiracy theories on his fall and defeat; these spread right by the Civiltà Cattolica newspaper - Italy didn't achieved unity until WW1. Garibaldi himself on his death bed lamented he couldn't free Trento and Trieste

[@samwill7259]

Who could have guessed that stealing someone's child wouldn't have flown that far? it's almost like people have this thing about their kids.

[@mattwashere__]

Like St Simon of Trent? Funny that when Catholics do it it’s bad (they didn’t kill the Jewish baby or something) unlike what the Jews did against the catholic boy (many other cases all over Europe)

[@Omniatlas]

That was a great video Sam! Masterfully put together

[@Artur_M.]

This episode was so good, I think it's one of my favorites!

[@samaccardi]

Ah yes, the Mortara Affair. I knew this is what you were alluding to in that tweet a few months back. EDIT: Pope Pius Rackham IX is my new favourite interpretation of the role.

[@andresalvarez5415]

I gotta say Jack really knocked it out of the park for his lines glad to see two great KZbinrs working together

[@BeneRomi753]

What a great episode. I’d just like to shout out a few other popular figures who had impacts on both Risorgimento and Jewish emancipation, such as Carlo Cattaneo, one of the leaders of the “five days of Milan” of 1848, who had made his university thesis on how restrictions on Jews were responsible for most of the prejudices aimed at them and their lack of integration, and Elia Benamozegh, Chief Rabbi of Livorno, Kabbalist, who corresponded with Mazzini. And peripheral to this, in Giuseppe Verdi’s Nabucco which as an allegory for Italy’s resurgence used Jewish exile in Babylon and Va Pensiero has been strongly considered as a national anthem.

[@danielnoriega5200]

23:58 and like many other itialian prime ministers they were gone after a year

[@lucaalbertorizzo4114]

What a great video! I am Italian and a history fan and I think that you made an excellent job, not only in explaining a pretty complex period of Italian history, but also in highlighting the importance of the Jewish community and the general sense of solidarity among which permeated (most of) the Risorgimento. Grazie!

[@MCKevin289]

I’m a student of Irish history but you should do a video on the Sinn Fein Rabbi and father to a future Israeli president Chaim Herzog. Herzog’s father was given an IRA funeral.

[@derpasaurus_rex6919]

Each and every episode, we get centimetres closer to the eventual video on Theodor Herzl... And I can't wait for that day.

[@bijtmntongaf]

racist ted

[@haorlo]

This is one of your best, Sam. Todá rabá!

[@mattnewhouse1781]

Another outstanding video. Always great content. Never disappoints.

[@Danielhake]

This is a new masterpiece Sam! You know how to make history exciting, a skill too few possess.

[@maxpowers7472]

Been with Sam since 1200 subs. Glad to see how exponentially you have grown.

[@loups3190]

Amazing to see more high quality content, I loved everything about it. The music use is phenomenal I've tried scouring for it but couldn't find it though. Especially the track used for the revolutions of 1848

[@coe3408]

Giuseppe Verdi Il Trovatore's Coro di Zingari, the Anvil Chorus

[@loups3190]

@@coe3408 thank you so much

[@SeekersofUnity]

Loved this.

[@hippo1701]

welcome back Sam. I like the new image of you. Great episode. I look forward to seeing others in the era of history.

[@awsmguy175]

goosebumps at the last line man

[@mikenogozones]

As an American of Italian background I found this video fascinating. Thanks for the history lesson.

[@philla7780]

Thank you so much, Sam, for this! I am a giyur of Italian ancestry and although I know more about Italki practices that almost any other English speakers, I knew little to nothing of the role that Italian Jews played in the liberation and unification of our country. I wished you had gone just a little into distinctive Italki Nusach, but this was just brilliant, especially about Segre! As a trained historian, I hold an MA in History and work as a Social Studies teacher, I have learned so much about my adopted family from you Mr. Aronow! Please keep up the series, and I look forward to your next video!

[@marksimons8861]

Once again, Sam, you show us how to tell a story! Well done. Come back soon.

[@mikeoxsmal8022]

He has returned!!! Can't wait to watch the video

[@dndboy13]

Man, London was always having some revolutionary exile hold up there for a spell.

[@FHT1883]

10:53 what a based quote by the king

[@Airman1121]

I'm so happy that you are back 😊

[@jessicadmj8813]

I'm an Italian-American Jew-by-choice who has long been fascinated and interested in Giuseppe Mazzini and the Risorgimento. Yesterday, while I was googling Jews' roles in the Risorgimento, and I accidentally came across your video. I decided to watch it today, and I'm incredibly impressed by the quality of this video! The history of the Risorgimento goes underappreciated. It's amazing how much history you put into just 30 minutes! I also loved the beautiful graphics :) I was shocked to see you don't have more views and subscribers! My one criticism was that some of the pronunciation of the names and Italian words was off, but I won't be too harsh because this video was truly superb. I've marked it as one of my favourites, and I look forward to watching your future videos! Thank you so much for making this!

[@HebaruSan]

That ending gives a new meaning to "diversity is our strength"!

[@zehavitschwartz8464]

Welcome back!!!!!!!

[@antoniovaccaro2160]

Cardona's move to leave the honor of ordering the first strike to a Jewish officer is recognized among Italians as 'furbizia' . It means something like cunning, craftiness, or foxiness.

[@alfredmolison7134]

This was great! Thank you!

[@musicalintentions]

I just want to say thank you. I have learned so much from your videos!

[@austinmarx4783]

Great video, looking forward to the next one!

[@geraldmeehan8942]

Excellent video as always. Although raised as a Catholic and being an atheist I am fascinated by the Jewish history you bring to life on this channel

[@dvdortiz9031]

Chameleon!!! Undefined creature!!!

[@denizalgazi]

Fantastic storytelling, Sam! I even enjoyed watching your OmniAtlas advert LOL! Here are some Italian pronunciation tips so you sound like a pro: A is always pronounced like AH as in father. Never like A as in cat. E is always pronounced like AY, as in day I is always pronounced like EE as in See like in Gucci, Pucci, Fiorucci O is always pronounced like the O in Oh, no! U is always pronounced like the long U in tune. GN is a NY sound (similar to the Spanish ñ) so Gnocchi (gno-cchi) is pronounced nyoh-kee. GH is pronounced as a hard G so funghi (fun-ghi) is pronounced foon-gee, and also the hard G in spaghetti (spa-ghe-tti) = spah-gay-tee C/CC before E or I has a CH sound as in ciao or Gucci! (AO is a OW sound as in cow) otherwise it's a K sound as in Rocco CH/CCH before I or E is a K sound so CHE is pronounced Kay or gnocchi= nyoh-kee Z/ZZ is a TZ sound as in pizza, or with an AH in the middle and it's piazza (pee-ah-tzah) Syllables in Italian words generally follow a consonant-vowel consonant-vowel format. So Civita is Ci-vi-ta = chee-vee-tah and Sardinia (Sar-di-ni-a) is Sar-dee-nee-ah. Veneto (Ve-ne-to) is Vay-nay-toh. Mazzotti (Ma-zzo-tti) = Mah-tzoh-tee. And Rome's port, Civitavecchia (Ci-vi-ta-ve-cchi-a) is pronounced Chee-vee-tah-vay-kee-ah.

[@SamAronow]

I've known all of this since I was a child.

[@denizalgazi]

@@SamAronow So pleased these pronunciation tips will help you sound like a pro next time!

[@tacitozetticci9308]

It's always funny watching the barbarians having issues with the alphabet we lent them 😁

[@barrankobama4840]

Wonderful video: perfectly accurate (as far as I now), nicely drawn and effectively told.

[@patrickrowan6001]

1800 years later, and a jewish captain orders a jewish army to march on Rome Zealots, consider yourselves avenged.

[@SamAronow]

Won't be the last time either.

[@alexandermackie9637]

@@SamAronow Hi Sam, what do you mean by this? Has this happened since, or are you suggesting it will happen again in the future?

[@patrickrowan6001]

My (uneducated) guess is the deposition of mussolini? I'm sure we'll find out by like next November or sth

[@israelilocal]

@@alexandermackie9637 I think the American General in WWII that ordered the attack on rome was Jewish although I could be mistaken

[@patrickrowan6001]

@@israelilocal oh good shout I'm not gonna look it up tho imma wait for sam to tell me

[@marcello7781]

This video made me appreciate more an important part of the history of my country. Thanks a lot!

[@roberts2000]

I’m a history teacher and I’ve been using these videos to improve my lessons!

[@ghengiscrayon]

Amazing vid. I loved the storytelling. So skilled.

[@SonofLiberty-zw7op]

Sam...klasse. Excellent. Prima. Areas of history I never paid attention to. As you tell them, they are fascinating. Thanks for sharing.

[@averyjacob7630]

I’m a converted Jew from Poland, my mother is an Italian Catholic goy. I’m glad to know my Ashkenazi heritage comes from Italy and that I can still relate to my Judaism through my Italian heritage still

[@thedemongodvlogs7671]

I can't wait for you to cover the 1848 revolutions in Germany! many of my ancestors fought in the baden and rhineland revolts.

[@orenstep7997]

It's always amazing to watch your videos

[@zingingcutie8421]

What about telling the story of the stolen boy. I find it heartbreaking that he never realised the murder of his identity by his kidnappers

[@averegeyoutuber9133]

Edgardo Mortara?

[@patrickkelmer6290]

I love this channel so much.

[@arthurpeters1996]

Amazing work as always!

[@TheKimels]

הערוץ הכי מעניין ביוטיוב ! תודה שמוליק

[@anxiousfoodperson8116]

This was truly exceptional.

[@talink6867]

Thank you for the video, It was very informative!

[@georgeptolemy7260]

Love these man, thanks

[@SasomirŁ]

Brilliant work! Thank you Sir!

[@borkerman]

27:04 I believe it was definitely done out of spite, there's no way that's out of tact

[@mother104]

Great episode as always love it keep doing the good work 👌🤌👍

[@Mark_Williams300]

"Man, that Garibaldi guy really takes the biscuit" Pope Pius IX

[@sagimeltzer4668]

Thanks for the videos! Saw you in a city near Tel Aviv two weeks ago! I didn't follow you!! Although I'm really disappointed I didn't say anything 😥

[@svetlanaivnitskaya3504]

Wow what an amazing story of the separation of church and state!The need for this fundamental political system!

[@alexandermackin3001]

Got Goosebumps at 10:12

[@bijtmntongaf]

this entire video was fully of them, this and the ending of that one video that announced the reinstatement of the third temple

[@politruk5712]

anyone know what is name of the music ?

[@manghariz2211]

Cadorna probably laugh when hearing that the pope will excomm anyone who ordered the barrage. He was probably like "Lol, ok then, Ill order a jew to order a barrage"

[@matthewbrotman2907]

A side effect of the expulsions from Naples and Sicily is when that region had a mass emigration centuries later, none of those emigrants were Jewish. The number of Italian Jews in America is miniscule, and most any Jewish-Italian-Americans you meet today are the result of later intermarriage.

[@SamAronow]

I'd love to see an entertaining analysis of Sicily's economic decline in the early modern period. When Benjamin of Tudela visited it was at _least_ as wealthy as Genoa and maybe even Venice. I'm not saying the expulsion of the Jews caused Sicily's decline, the decline started before that. But considering the impact it's had on the the Americas, I'd be curious to know what happened.

[@FlagAnthem]

The bourbon dinasty robbed and exploited their own domain and treated calabria and sicily as a colony. The house of savoy tried the best to keep the south on par (the first wave of italian diaspora was from Veneto)

[@FlagAnthem]

​@@SamAronow Simple: the Bourbons happened. They build the most obscurantist society, antisemitism included (you told about expulsion, but the ones left were forced to identify themselves with yellow badges...), they actively neglected every modernization the rest of Italy was going on, discouraged every economic initiative and held the few one on terminal ill watch with (scarce) oligarchic funds. They still had provincial passports whit internal border checks as a counterrevolutionary measure (imagine being a lucky young man from Pescara trying to study at Naples or a seasonal worker from Aepulia or Calabria trying to NOT starve after a bad harvest... yeah...) and strict ban on expatriation. Bourbon dinasty (the sicilies were never two, everything was Naples and only Naples) was the DPRK of Italy, even worse than the pope domain. Italy is still struggling not just to recover but to fully understand that age. Having a resurgence of "Lost Cause" revisionists poisoning the well did not help.

[@FlagAnthem]

​@joaoribeiro5938 and the only fleet who could kep the Bey at Bay (yep, pun intended) was the Royal Sardinian fleet. The Bourbons kept paying their protection money until the end (sound familiar?)

[@silvanostagni]

It is a very good video. Just two basic mistakes, you forget Jewish communities in the north of the Papal States. Bologna, Ferrara, Lugo, and Ancona had less restrictions than the Roman Jews. That aside, it is a great summary of the Jewish contribution to the unification of Italy.

[@shakedweizman5908]

Youre forgetting that they left the vatican area under the popes rule and under partial seige until the 1930s when mussollini signed an agreement with the pope

[@christianmalone3495]

One thing I would be super interested to see you cover would be more during the Thirty Years' War. I've read most of the 1632: Ring of Fire series, and it has both minor and absolutely major arcs of Jewish history. It's alternate history done to an absolutely amazing degree. A Sephardic Jewish noblewoman marries a time-displaced American and becomes a Senator in a Swedish-led confederation. A Jewish jeweler forms a semi-independent army under the auspices of the Bohemian crown, taken by Wallenstein after events begin to heavily diverge from the actual course of history. He uses this army to try to preempt the Khmielnitsky (sp?) Pogrom by eradicating significant anti-Semitic forces from Eastern Europe. Anyone who is interested in Jewish and early modern history in general will get lost in these books, which can probably inspire an interest in that period in others as well.

[@SamAronow]

Have you seen my video "Return of the Conversos?" It briefly touches on the consequences of the war for Jews, particularly in Britain and France, but the truth is that Jewish involvement in the war on a sociological level was pretty minimal. The Second Northern War was a different story.

[@christianmalone3495]

@@SamAronow yes, I enjoyed that video greatly. On next year's viewer survey, I might suggest a chronological option as well as a regional one. The 17th Century videos with the sabbateans and the Conversos as well as the prehistory/early Jewish history videos are my favorite. Keep up the good work!

[@yakovdamask206]

your my favorite channel on KZbin. from the Quality of animation to the history. Hopefully you can get 1 million subs you truly deserve it Idea for an episode History of Judaism in Latin America or how some of history's greatest Pirates in the Caribbean were of Converso decent

[@tedhubertcrusio372]

Fun fact: Sarina Levi Nathan's childhood was the basis for the visual novel Princess Sara

[@kevingriffith9626]

Woooooooooooooooooooooooooo! Awesome.

[@coe3408]

Great video as ususal. Makes me look forward for a future video about Jewish support and opposition to Italian Fascism

[@Ninety-Nine__]

Indeed. Zeev Sternhell mentions that they were overrepresented in the National Fascist Party, and plenty of them were important intellectuals, like Gino Arias.

[@israelilocal]

early Fascism in general is intresting espciialy since it opposed Nazism

[@FlagAnthem]

Mussolini was a thug everything was justified if HE could stay in charge also he was racist AF since day 1 and personally signed the "Defence of race" pamphlet

[@carlobasilone3133]

You should read "The Garden of the Finzi-Contini"

[@Librariansaysook]

Pope Pius was a real drama queen, wasn’t he

[@GodsDumbLamb]

A true out of touch boomer who couldn't see the writing on the wall and was a horrible statesman. I find it hilarious do, that a Germ would be defending Rome.

[@dvdortiz9031]

No, he wasn't! Your stupidity is bolder than your ignorance!

[@FlagAnthem]

Back in the time rethoric and pomp were WAY more common than today

[@rowanwilliams1548]

What is that song from the 1848 revolutions called? it sounds awesome

[@108nighthawk]

This was just outstanding, truly. All your videos have been fantastic, and I am so glad I stumbled across your channel. Please keep doing what you’re doing, and thank you for the outstanding content.

[@silveryuno]

5:07 Best food in Rome! Be sure to visit, if you're there!

[@Solomonpious]

This is a wonderful exposition of nineteenth century Italian Jewish history, but what I do not understand is why Pope Pious IX is voiced by the same person who does the voice for Principal Skinner?

[@famlit.]

He came back with a classic

[@ravendreaming3966]

OH MY GDDDDDDDD they fucking did it! Can't excommunicate teh soldier if the soldier's Jewish!!!

[@recoveringfratboy818]

What’s the song when describing 1848?

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

Is that Jack Rackam?

[@maxpowers7472]

You are really good

[@bglrj]

This is better than the Star Wars epic!

[@jonathansalman3830]

Does anyone know the song that starts playing around 20:32? There is a section of the melody (around 21:16) that sounds exactly like the opening melody in Gerudo Valley from the Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (albeit different speed and accompaniment).

[@SamAronow]

It's an orchestral version of the Gerudo Valley theme. You'll find the music listed in my end credits.

[@mns8732]

It's so sad to see so many politically conservative Jews when evidently only left leaning political parties sought Jewish equality.

[@SamAronow]

I'm left-wing myself, but there's nothing inherently un-Jewish about conservatism, nor inherently pro-Jewish about liberalism or socialism. In Romania at this time it was the liberals who were significantly more antisemitic than the conservatives.

[@coe3408]

​@@SamAronow Exactly, specially since ideologies and the political spectrum doesn't remain fixed. Mazzinni was a leftist according to the status quo, but a rightist according to Marx

[@deshaun9473]

​@@SamAronow I'm sorry but anti-Semitism is intrinsic to far right politics.

[@obedrodriguez9074]

@@deshaun9473 it has also become a staple of far-left politics. From being called "ruthless cosmopolitans" by stalinist communism to colonizers and oppressors in post-modern critical theories

[@vallraffs]

13:25 While calling Mazzini a socialist is fine as fair as claims go, since it's something he also called himself, I do think it's a pretty overstated claim to say he dreamt of a "socialist republic". That I think goes above and beyond his actual ideological views. When discussing Mazzini in the context of the period of European history when socialism was first coming into shape, I think it's important to not overlook his career marked by anti-socialism in the form we would most commonly come to know it, and a religiously grounded conception of a bourgeois republic. His intense antipathy towards the Paris Commune, for example, I think goes a long way to problematizing the notion that he sought a "socialist republic".

[@FlagAnthem]

proto-socialists =/= first international socialists =/= modern day socialists should be surprised?

[@xenotiic8356]

"And that's how in 13 years, we went from the Pope capturing a Jew, to a Jew capturing the Pope." Now that's a closing line if I've ever seen one!

[@dvdortiz9031]

The Catholic Church will never be destroyed!!!2000 years is our guarantee!!!

[@FlagAnthem]

@@dvdortiz9031 Ancient Egypt lasted 2000 years as well...

[@CostaCola]

I got chills when, "1848" appeared to the Anvil Chorus

[@colonelthreehat1153]

21:17 ...is that Gerudo Valley?