The Kingdom of Ceredigion

The Kingdom of Ceredigion was an important state in the history of Wales, while its individual accomplishments were not grand in scale, this kingdom still succeeded in both expanding its territory and maintaining its independence. Welsh history often overlooks the details of the smaller kingdoms, so today I will be telling you the complete history of Ceredigion, from its Celtic conception to its unity with Dyfed, and how even the smallest states can impact the history of Wales.
0:00 - The Celts & The Romans
7:36 - The Age of Kings
15:39 - Drowning Dynasties
Sources (turn on captions):
Davies, W.H. (1961). The Romans in Cardiganshire. Ceredigion : Journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society, IV(2), pp.85-93.
journals.library.wales/view/1...
[1]p.85
[2]p.86
[3]p.87
[4]p.88
[5]p.90
[6]p.91
[7]p.93
Charles-Edwards, T.M. (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford: OUP, pp.20,176,495.
[8]p.20
[9]p.176
[10]p.495
Davies, J. (2007). A History of Wales. London: Penguin, pp.16,27-30,39-50,73,79,83,93.
[11]p.16
[12]p.27
[13]p.28
[14]p.29
[15]p.30
[16]p.39
[17]p.40
[18]p.41
[19]p.45
[20]p.47
[21]p.48-49
[22]p.50
[23]p.73
[24]p.79
[25]p.83
[26]p.93
The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855.
[27]chap.30
Ptolemy, C. (1932). Geography of Claudius Ptolemy (II). Translated by E.L. Stevenson. N. Y.: The New York Public Library.
[28]chap.2
Richards, M. (1962). Local Government in Cardiganshire, Medieval and Modern. Ceredigion : Journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society, IV(3), pp.273-274.
[29]p.273-274
The Mabinogion. (1877). Translated by C. Guest. London: Bernard Quaritch.
[30]Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed
Philimore, E. (1888). The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies. Y Cymmrodor, IX, pp.141-168, 169-183.
[31]141-168
[32]169-183
Giles, J.A. (1848). Nennius: The History of the Britons, in Six Old English Chronicles. London: Henry G. Bohn.
[33]p.62
Owen, A. (1841). Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales: Comprising Laws Supposed to be Enacted by Howel the Good, Volume 2. London: G. E. Eyre and A. Spottiswoode.
[34]p.51
Lloyd, J. E. (1911). A History of Wales, Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green and Co., pp.256-257.
[35]p.256
[36]p.257
Bartrum, P.C. (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary : People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000. The National Library of Wales.
[37]p.172
Maund, K. (2006). The Welsh Kings. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: The History Press Ltd, pp.31-32,44,47-58.
[38]p.31-32
[39]p.44
[40]p.47-50
[41]p.52-53
[42]p.55
[43]p.56-57
[44]p.58
Davis, W. (1990). Patterns of Power in Early Wales. Oxford: Clarendon.
[45]chap.3
Cook, A.S. (1906). Life of King Alfred. Boston: Ginn & Company.
[46]p.80
Music:
'And It Is There, in Those Depths', 'Readers! Do You Read?', 'We Always Thought the Future Would Be Kind of Fun', 'Out of the Skies, Under the Earth', 'I Don't See the Branches, I See the Leaves', 'Is That You or Are You You?' by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: chriszabriskie.com/dtv/
Artist: chriszabriskie.com/
Map Attribution:
© OpenStreetMap contributors, licensed under CC BY-SA: www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
www.floodmap.net/
Image Attribution:
Saint David by Hchc2009: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Owain Gwynedd - National Library of Wales (NLW).
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Licensed under CC0 1.0 - creativecommons.org/publicdom...
Rice ap Gryffydd - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4702869
Roman Emperor - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4806621 p.20
Cunedda - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654 p.41
Agricola by Ad Meskens:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Corbalengi Stone
cc-by-sa/2.0 - © Cered - geograph.org.uk/p/40156
Hawarden Castle - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4690846 p.94
Ship - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4690846 p.47
Ogham Stone - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Macsen Wledig - NLW.
Ceredig - NLW.
Harleian Geneologies - NLW. By Sir John Morris-Jones
hdl.handle.net/10107/1393466 p.4
Maelgwn - NLW.
Rhodri - NLW.
"Arms of Llywelyn", "Coat of arms of Powys", and "Coat of arms of Deheubarth" by AlexD.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ar...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Co...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Co...
CC BY-SA 3.0
Alfred - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4672776
Hywel Dda - NLW.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4400109 (p.13)
#wales

[@CambrianChronicles]

I’m hoping to reach 500 subscribers soon so I can have access to the community tab and keep you all updated, but for now I’ll just have to leave a comment here. The next video is on the way, I’m sorry its taken so long, but in exchange for the wait it’ll have a lot of extra content, I’m estimating the length to be around 40 minutes! I’m currently in the process of finishing the audio, and then I will start the animation, the whole process may take around another 2 weeks. I’m sorry for the long wait, but think of it as waiting slightly longer in exchange for a lot more content, I hope to see you then!

[@eamonnclabby7067]

Good luck ,sir, we await...

[@embreis2257]

that was quick. 2months later and you already enjoy 3,580 subscribers. grats

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you!

[@RatelHBadger]

​@@CambrianChronicles an equally hearty congratulations from me too, from the far end of the world (Aotearoa). As a long time follower of channels like History with Hilbert or more commercial ones like Chronicle and Timeline, I appreciate the little pockets your videos occupy in the ongoing narrative of the history of the British Isles. I only hope someone is able to do similar for the many stories for my islands. Local Maori very closely guard the retelling of such stories, and there is very little "correct" way to present them to an international audience, without some form of outcry from someone. I really appreciate your honesty and attempts to pronounce post Roman/pre Norman names. You are just conveying a message, in hopes that in the sharing, the old stories and names are remembered a little while longer. Congratulations again, and apologies for the long comment reply. My channel also has less than 500 subscribers (though now I have the community tab also) it is invaluable for maintaining a small collection of loyal supporters. (Not really appropriate to call them fans at this stage, I don't think). I look forward to seeing the next thing you are working on for us to digest.

[@thehearingaid]

@@embreis2257 7 months later surpassed 30k.

[@Highonwater3X]

Your son really took a beating in this one!

[@AJGoff110]

I never knew that the Ordovician and Silurian periods got their names from Wales! It took me a minute to realize that I recognized those words as the names of geologic periods. And after looking it up to check, I learned that "Cambrian" is essentially a latinized form of of the word "Welsh!"

[@SylviaSanchez]

I think it's because the first time these geological layers were discovered was in Wales. It's the same with Devonian, which comes from Devon and it was discovered first in that area.

[@SG-1-GRC]

Never thought about that before. Sometimes we are guilty of absorbing facts without any deeper thinking about them. Thanks for pointing these examples out!

[@micward]

This is amazing! Content covering early Welsh history is far too scant on KZbin, I’m so glad to see a channel dedicated to it. Keep it up 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you! I appreciate that and I'm glad you're enjoying

[@DderwenWyllt]

I loved the little shoutout to Cantre'r Gwaelod. I've been diving off the coast of Ceredigion, and it's quite a sight, I also remember seeing the petrified tree stumps at low tide in Borth, I learnt about the myth of Cantre'r Gwaelod in school but physically seeing it is like glimpsing a look of an ancient magical kingdom that you're not supposed to see. It's easy to imagine how people came up with the myth of Cantre'r Gwaelod when you see the Sarnau stretching out into the ocean, I'd give anything to peer back in time to see what Cantre'r Gwaelod looked like before it was submerged.

[@CambrianChronicles]

That sounds really interesting! I’ve seen the petrified trees at Borth but I’d also love to see the Sarn Badrig. I agree it’s easy to see how the myth came to be, seeing these huge walls of stones out in the ocean and the remains of forests in the sand must’ve been fascinating

[@amazinggrace5692]

1:37 I’m definitely using “left out in the wind and rain” as my excuse for looking old.

[@CambrianChronicles]

Hello once again! This video is the longest one I've ever made (hence why it took so long to make), so I've divided it into 3 chapters if you'd rather watch it in three 7-8 minute long segments. 0:00 - The Celts & The Romans - I describe the Celtic tribe who (probably) lived in Ceredigion - the Demetae, and the Roman conquest of this region. 7:36 - The Age of Kings - I tell you about the kingdom of Ceredigion from the Roman withdrawal to the death of their last king, Gwgon, in AD 872. 15:39 - Drowning Dynasties - We take a look at what happened to Ceredigion, why and how it seemingly disappeared from the historical record. I'd recommend watching the segments in order as the context each one provides will be pretty useful! I hope you all enjoy, comment any questions you have and I hope to see you again soon with my following video on the kingdom of Dyfed.

[@jacobparry177]

I like to think that I've got a pretty solid knowledge of Welsh history, but until this vid I'd literally never heard of Rheiniwg, so, diolch. Keep up the good work, interesting and educational as always!

[@CambrianChronicles]

It’s a bit of a weird one, I’ve only seen it appear in the Welsh Laws, the Mabinogion calls that area Dyfed (specifically with the same 7 cantrefi), so I’m not sure when/why/how it was used. Thank you for watching, I’m happy to have introduced you to something new!

[@eamonnclabby7067]

Well done sir, best wishes from the wirral peninsula bounded by the mersey and the Dee and the Irish sea,geography and rhyme...cheers/slainte...E

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much for watching! It’s always appreciated

[@danielturczan2485]

Your videos are wonderful. Thank you for bringing light to a period of time that does not get a great amount of coverage. Who would have thought that history didn't begin in 1066?

[@luigimontybasiletti851]

Fideo ardderchog, fel arfer. Dw i wedi tanysgrifio i'ch sianel chi. Dylech chi wneud yr hanes o Frycheiniog nesaf (fy nghartref i!) Diolch o galon am bostio! 👍 Excellent video, as usual. I have subscribed to your channel. You should do the history of Brycheiniog next (my home!) Many thanks for posting! 👍

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much for watching and subscribing! I’ll definitely cover Brycheiniog soon! It’ll come up a bit in my next video on the kingdom of Dyfed, but I’ll give it its own video eventually!

[@eamonnclabby7067]

@@CambrianChronicles indeed, those wacky red haired Irish adventurers landing in West Wales, building bijoux crannog at Llangorse, marrying well and hey presto ,the Tudors are on the English throne, a living descendant from the Stanley branch lives here on Merseyside at Knowsley hall, he,a redhead too...Lord Derby...cheers / slainte......E

[@CambrianChronicles]

@@eamonnclabby7067 the crannog at Llangorse is very fascinating, I’m hoping to be able to see it sometime soon!

[@eamonnclabby7067]

@@CambrianChronicles the local Black Mountain beef is pretty good too..

[@jeevanrehal3324]

BEST CHANNEL EVER BROTHER YOU ALWAYS BRING GREAT SMILE TO MY FACE THE GLOriOUS PLACE GREAT WALES SUCH A LOVELY PLACE I ENJOY BREATHING THERE IT IS SO. so goodD

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much!

[@goj-bh1cm]

Can’t wait til you cover the Ystrad Tywi (the region I live) cause that area in terms of history is very complex, even some of the historians in that area don’t really know what went on. There’s mixed medieval writings on it such as one of the towns Cydweli (Kidwelly) being named after one of the kings of Morgannwg Gwylys’s son yet quite a lot of historians agree that Ystrad Tywi was part of Dyfed not Morgannwg. There’s also Carnwyllion (Llanelli) which suddenly appears without any historical founding. What we do know though is that that the area of what is now Loughor which was a fort built on the Loughor river by the Romans was strangely completely abandoned in the mid 200s AD either due to Irish settlement or kicked out by the Britons of that region themselves.

[@CambrianChronicles]

That sounds fascinating, I’ll definitely make a video on the subject in the future!

[@eamonnclabby7067]

I apologise for those pesky Tewdr folks landing from Ireland....now living in Knowsley hall...Lord Derby, very upwardly mobile...

[@j-mez6956]

Fantastic video as usual

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much for watching!

[@j-mez6956]

@@CambrianChronicles really man, if it wasn’t for this channel I would’ve died to GCSE stress

[@CambrianChronicles]

I’m really glad to hear its helping you cope with stress, sorry they take so long to make!

[@gwynedd4023]

glad your back :D also love the video

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you! Sorry it took so long to make

[@IosuamacaMhadaidh]

Great content! Random thought; I wish someone would transform some old Welsh history into a movie or show. If there are any (besides King Arthur), I'm not aware of them.

[@CambrianChronicles]

Me too, although I'd be worried of Wales getting the Braveheart treatment, which would only contribute more to the numerous misconceptions surrounding the topic

[@IosuamacaMhadaidh]

@@CambrianChronicles yes, you make a good point!

[@emmaearnshaw3282]

Put Welsh-sub titles on Excalibur and pretend that the sword stone is just north of the river a few miles east of Barmouth.

[@nor4205]

I just discovered your channel tonight and I am enjoying listening to your calm voice, your prounounciations... I like the little animated bits you put in (like the bazooka to the Ruins omg 😆) I read Stephen Lawhead's books years ago (Taliesin, Merlin, Arthur) and so learning about Welsh history is bringing back a vague recollection of all these 'characters' I read about - so many warring kings! Great channel, have subscribed and giving your videos all the likes. 👍

[@CambrianChronicles]

Haha thank you so much! I’m glad you liked the bazooka joke as it was the hardest bit to animate

[@Alex-cw3rz]

4:53 At Aberystwyth there is a hill fort called Pen Dinas could that not have been occupied at the time and therefore be the reason the river was named, it is also closer to the river ystwyth. As Aberystwyth is not actually around the river oddly enough and it is the river Rheidol that the runs through Aberystwyth.

[@Lanval_de_Lai]

5:29 How dare you! The lines of that beautiful building match perfectly the mountains, truly a pice of art!

[@TheSmart-CasualGamer]

There was an Iron Age Hill Fort on Pen Dinas in Aberystwyth, if that helps. The Ystwyth runs right by it, so it wasn't entirely barren of people.

[@brendasmith5848]

Pen Dinas is one of the largest hill forts, and the largest in Ceredigion, it's supposedly the Dinas Maelor of the Mabinogi. Recent research, suggests that it is more like the hillfort at Malvern, than any of the smaller local hill forts.

[@cymrocymraeg5352]

Love your videos, thanks so much for making them. I'm currently reading a book called The Welsh Kings by Kari Maund, your videos provide a good perspective and introduction which is a great help in my research and understanding of medieval Wales

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much for watching! I love The Welsh Kings, I cited it a bunch in this video, and I’m glad my videos are a good assistance

[@anzaca1]

2:50 Given their seeming lack of a cnetral authority, the Demetae tribes may have felt that they had no chance of resisting, as they had no reasonable chance of getting support from other tribes.

[@The_Dude_Rugs]

Great video man! Great to see a channel covering Welsh History! Just wanted to say in regards to Roman activity in Ceredigion there are quite a lot of signal forts and sites along the border with Carmarthenshire along the Sarn Helen road, especially near Lampeter. A large gold mine was in Pumsaint and there are signal forts all along the valley to warn of any attack against the mine, a good example is Carreg y Bwci, which was a signal fort where a fallen standing stone is, documentation of a lot of these sites isn’t great though

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I’m glad you enjoyed! And thanks for all the information on the Romans in Ceredigion, like you said the documentation isn’t great and the two forts I mentioned are the only ones I could find in any good detail

[@mattrishton]

You keep mentioning your son ? I hope he is okay?

[@spacebunny4335]

Watching the video and I just subscribed. I know it's not Welsh ancestry but I have ancestors from Cornwall another Celtic region in Britain. I really like your content and can't wait for more Welsh history.

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I’m glad you enjoyed!

[@jeevanrehal3324]

I enjoy your videos like I enjoy warm mayonnaise sanweech

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I hope that’s a good thing

[@ComeRee]

Love your work and can't wait to learn more about Cymru and my neck of the woods [when you get round each kingdom / fifedom]! Cariad fawr!

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I'm glad you're enjoying them so far

[@Liam73374]

Very interesting and informative! I have walked part of the beautiful Sarn Helen in the Neath valley - amazing views 😄

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you! I’ve never walked on the Sarn Helen but it sounds amazing

[@Gaivs]

Historian hanging out in Big Fort: > Wait a second!

[@jamth118]

Great video keep up the good work

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you!

[@Stu161]

dang i never knew the Ordovician and Silurian periods were named after Celts. Cambrian was much more obvious 😅

[@CambrianChronicles]

It’s pretty interesting, I believe the Ordovician rock beds were first identified around Bala, and the Silurian rocks were first found in South Wales, hence the names! en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geologic_map_Wales_%26_SW_England_EN.svg

[@TheEnergeticPanda]

Another great video!

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I’m glad you’re enjoying them!

[@FulgrimTG]

Good channel, enjoying your vids! Subscribed.

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much, I really appreciate it!

[@jackassdnb]

Fantastic!

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you!

[@mercianthane2503]

Don't what career you studied but now I want to study it, haha. Love the medieval history from Ireland and Wales.

[@junejefferies212]

Fascinating! Please publish. This all goes too fast. I want a book to hold in my hands and read at my own speed. Your research should be committed to print. Too lovely to waste on the inevitable disappearance of pod casts.

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you! If you want to read more on the topic I have all my sources in the description and can give you a recommendation for any specific part you’re interested in

[@dark_fire_ice]

I love that the term "Dark ages" was originally used for literary criticism. Basically it the same thing being said now about Hollywood; nothing is orginal, and is substantially lower quality of times past

[@johndavis6119]

I love these videos! My 4th great grandfather, Richard Bebbs Davis of Laurerparish, Montgomeryshire, North Wales (near the marshes) and his wife Hanna Richards of Aberestewith came to America at either the behest of his uncle Gov. John Bebbs of Ohio who came here hoping to start a Welsh speaking community in western Kentucky. I have tried to learn Welsh from the old Catchphrase BBC course, but time and tide and so forth. Do you know any free courses online?

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I'm glad you're enjoying them! Duolingo offers a good course and it's free as well!

[@ofallmyintention9496]

3:08 A big fort was located in a place called Big Fort...who would have thought?! lol. This is the second time I've seen your videos (the video of Wales and the British flag was the first), but it will not be the last

[@CambrianChronicles]

Exactly, I can’t believe it took them so long to find the fort, it was right there on the road sign! I’m really glad you’re enjoying my videos

[@damienc.6448]

Interesting.

[@Majeika1976]

Wonder if Ystwyth is mentioned in Roman times is also in part due to mining along the valley, which may have also resulted in a Roman Fort being there

[@anthonymichaelwilson8401]

Happy New year 🎉

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, happy new year to you too

[@MastemaJack]

Great videos. They make me want to play CK3.

[@edwardstd52]

I'll go with the theory from this video mostly because my Welsh ancestors come from Gwynedd and Ceredigion. Of course they had to get along! 😁

[@Alex-cw3rz]

I was just wondering Saint Padarn lived in Ceredigion for a time in what is now known as Llandpadarn Fawr, did he not mention Ceredigion in his writings and writings about him.

[@maximusraidgaming734]

I'm an American tracing my roots back to England and Wales. It's exciting to learn about these unique countries. Is there anyway you could do a video on Welsh relations with the Cumbrians?

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I'm glad you like it! I'll definitely cover the connections with the North at some time

[@s.osullivan1193]

one note about the idea of intent in the death of Gwgon, it should be noted that the implications of intent that are in the English translation of mersus est aren’t *necessarily* there in the Latin. Mersus in the standard way to express someone having drowned, and while the passive leaves the agent open to interpretation, it’s actually less likely to imply intend than an active construction with the king as the object. Unless there were good reason for it, I can’t think of a situation where mersus wouldn’t be used, not to mention in the active construction with the king as the subject you would probably have to say something like “he drowned himself”. Certainly the lack of any agent leaves the sentence open to interpretation and suggestions of intent, but it’s definitely a leap. I think with the context you laid out it’s definitely possible but from the Latin itself it’s not a conclusion I would draw. This is super pedantic and tbh not even that big of a deal, but it is just something I wanted to point out. (Also if anyone has any evidence of situations we’re mersus wouldn’t be used and instead an active verb I would be very willing to change my mind, but this is all from what I have personally seen in Latin)

[@wegladstone1967]

Very interesting. Regarding Cunedda I think you have slightly misplaced the Manau Gododdin which was an offshoot of the Gododdin established late 4th Century in the Stirling/Faalkirk/Clackmannan as a buffer vs the Picts. Cunedda was the grandson of one of four military advisers sent fron Rome in around 370 by Theodosius to beef up those of the peoples North of Hadrian's Wall who were also opposed to the Picts: the Novantae (Galloway -1) the Damnonii ((Clyde Valley -1) and the Votadini (=Gododdin - Lothian, Merse & Northumberland -2). Their descendants remained when the Rpmans abandoned Brutain in 410, and not having been in Britannia irself Cunedda was militarily far stronger to send a force to assist the British drive the Irish from West Wales (?425) than the ex province unnder threat from the Saxons. Also Cunedda had a grandson Marianus who gave his name to Merioneth.

[@AnimeFalco]

much like your son, you are so underrated. unlike your son, i cant wait for you to get huge on youtube, these videos are so good

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you, I appreciate that!

[@K3end0]

Its great to know that a place called Big Fort was once a big fort. I can finally sleep at night.

[@Inucroft]

2:50 a number of archaeologists from the Dyfed Archaeological trust have identified a potential Roman Fort in SW Wales based on a combination of LIDAR & older Arial photography. However, majority of the trust and other organisations are at this time are unwilling to conduct a test dig on the site.

[@zeugenberg]

I seem to remember that in When Was Wales the cantrevii were derieved from crantrevs and from that down to houses/farms and their landas a very old way to segment the country.

[@natquesenberry6368]

How many geologic terms come from Wales? Ordovician, Silurian, Cambrian?

[@CambrianChronicles]

I think those are it!

[@RatelHBadger]

The Dark Ages... The Age of Kings.... Getting violently attacked by historians. If I didn't know any better, I could have sworn this was an Age of Empires 2 video.

[@celtspeaksgoth7251]

Cantref - is that from cant = hundred. I think of Cartref and of Swiss Cantons

[@CambrianChronicles]

Yeah, it means “hundred towns” in a literal sense

[@23bcx]

A mythic country in the ocean that is part of south wales. Sounds like NSW to me.

[@jeevanrehal3324]

heylo can i pleez reorder my usual mcmeel, the mookmoofin mcmeel

[@CambrianChronicles]

Of course! It will be mailed to you in 5-10 working days

[@reedbender1179]

@@CambrianChronicles 🤣

[@kran27_]

you saying "Rhufon to Rhufoniog" is like asmr lol

[@ian_b]

Great videos but your sound levels tend to be too quiet, just a suggestion.

[@CambrianChronicles]

Yeah these earlier videos are all a bit quiet, the more recent ones should hopefully be better

[@DotDotDot0272]

Love it

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you!

[@hanes_cymru_]

Er gwaetha pawb a phopeth Ry'n ni yma o hyd

[@CambrianChronicles]

Ry'n ni yma o hyd!

[@anastasiaspy4575]

Videos for dehudarth and stronglithe

[@CambrianChronicles]

I’m not sure what stronglithe is but a video for Deheubarth will definitely be made eventually!

[@christianfreedom-seeker934]

So there was indeed a Kingdom in Wales for a short time but the Normans smashed this (or even Welsh Warlords)

[@waltonsmith7210]

I think Dark Ages is a good label for the fifth and sixth centuries at the very least.

[@CambrianChronicles]

There are a lot of arguments as it gives the impression that nothing is known, and it stems from Renaissance-Enlightenment era writers trying to distinguish themselves from (what they perceived to be) an unenlightened past.

[@tecumsehcristero]

Ordovician? Silurian? I'm getting mad pre-Permian vibes. LOL

[@CambrianChronicles]

Indeed, the periods were named after the rocks, which were named after the old tribes in the areas the rocks were found

[@tecumsehcristero]

@@CambrianChronicles that's super cool

[@jasonhaven7170]

8:47 what does map mean here?

[@CambrianChronicles]

"map" means "son of" (and it's usually mutated to "ap", except in some older writings), so for example Llywelyn ap Gruffydd means "Llywelyn, son of Gruffydd"

[@jasonhaven7170]

@@CambrianChronicles Oh, so in Welsh "ap" means "son of"?

[@whatthefridge1o1]

Napped to this

[@Thomas_Name]

9:49 Dog-Vile

[@jasonhaven7170]

3:07 You pushed your son away?

[@sasha1mama]

...Damnit, now I want a sandwich. Learning is hungry work. :(

[@blugaledoh2669]

Who is your son?

[@HistoricalWeapons]

Come on there’s tons of non English centric kingdoms that are forgotten and hidden

[@NelsonDiscovery]

The Kingdom of The, hey Bart!

[@vipeholmskolan6052]

Propaganda is ancient.

[@poiuytrewq11422]

the hell happened to your son

[@SSRT_JubyDuby8742]

Like deployed

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you!

[@paulwood7798]

Some of this info is now outdated sir. A Roman Fort has been excavated at Wiston in Pembrokeshire and I have notified the authorities of two more Forts one more in Pembrokeshire and one in Ceredigion. When they can be bothered to reply to me I will tell them about two more and two Fortlets locations. Dyfed and Ceredigion were a little busier than previously thought for those pesky Romans. Good vid though. Like your stuff.

[@kenf3897]

im number 500 ... lol

[@CambrianChronicles]

Thank you so much! I’m really glad you’re enjoying the videos

[@runtd7795]

Ah yes the kingdom of Céline Dion

[@deanpitman7255]

why would welsh tribes give themselves Lattin/Roman names?

[@CambrianChronicles]

They didn't, the only surviving names for the Brythonic tribes are from Roman sources. These names are likely Latinised forms of their original Brythonic name, though

[@adamhaggstrom7598]

Did your son barf on Foner at a conference or something?

[@NelsonDiscovery]

Ha! You don't even have a son!

[@tylercoombs1]

If you're missing 300 years of history, that sounds pretty "Dark" to me. lol

[@jonathanfinan722]

Nah! Too many “probablies”

[@CambrianChronicles]

That's how history works unfortunately. It's impossible to be certain about anything, ever, even events that happen to your own self. I know history channels on KZbin generally have a fondness to present history as a list of fun facts, but the reality is historians are working with scant sources on periods tens, hundreds, or thousands of years ago,

[@dannyalex5866]

In relation with demet Dyfed video ,this video is kinda poor

[@CambrianChronicles]

Sorry about that, like I said in the comments of my Dyfed video I spent a lot of time improving all the aspects of my work, especially the audio, using different methods, techniques, and software to achieve a result I was really happy with. No matter how much I’d like to, I cannot go back and retroactively apply these changes to my older videos, so unfortunately they have to stay at this level of lower quality, with higher quality uploads moving forwards. Thanks for watching, though.

[@dannyalex5866]

Software voice wasn't the case,I understand