The Mystery of the Late Heavy Bombardment

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

References and Recommended Reading: Reviews www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-052028?intcmp=trendmd arxiv.org/pdf/1801.03756.pdf www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020131 www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Minton/publication/260136784_Impact_bombardment_of_the_terrestrial_planets_and_the_early_history_of_the_Solar_System/links/5567362108aeccd777378506.pdf Moon articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1995Metic..30..244B/0000244.000.html onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/maps.12373 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/maps.12054 www.researchgate.net/profile/Dieter_Stoeffler/publication/277526621_Cratering_History_and_Lunar_Chronology/links/5be56d6a4585150b2ba92a65/Cratering-History-and-Lunar-Chronology.pdf www.plutorules.com/uploads/7/2/6/8/72681811/cratering_records_in_the_inner_solar_system.pdf www.uni-muenster.de/imperia/md/content/planetology/lectures/ss2015/143897-hottopics/robbins_2014.pdf www-n.oca.eu/morby/papers/P143.pdf www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/1570.pdf www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X13006742 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X11007345 pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8c11/afc9c7d477ec558cf03b7e9a0d60295b7448.pdf agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JE005992 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X15007955 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X16301595 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/001670379290183J Mars www-geodyn.mit.edu/jah_dichotomy_nature08.pdf www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/jun/HQ_08159_Mars_crater.html www.boulder.swri.edu/~bottke/Reprints/Bottke_Andrews-Hanna_2017_Nature_Geosci_SM.pdf websites.pmc.ucsc.edu/~rcoe/eart290C/Nimmo_MarsImpact-HD_Nature08.pdf about.sjrdesign.net/files/papers/2013_Robbinsetal_Icarus_CraterAges_perscopy.pdf www.tennoji-h.oku.ed.jp/tennoji/yossi/misc_data/火星実習/Isochron8_Hartmann2005.pdf planetary.lab.asu.edu/Mars_Dichotomy_files/Marinova.dichotomy08.pdf Mercury www.planetary.brown.edu/pdfs/4555.pdf agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2012JE004154 Venus agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/94JE00388 Earth www.nature.com/articles/nature10399 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X05003377 www.nature.com/articles/nature00923 www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/34/13486.full.pdf www.oca.eu/images/LAGRANGE/pages_perso/morby/papers/P163.pdf isotope.colorado.edu/2013_Abramov_CdE.pdf www.nature.com/articles/nature10982 www.researchgate.net/profile/Norman_Sleep/publication/11809063_Annihilation_of_ecosystems_by_large_asteroid_impacts_on_the_early_Earth/links/00b7d528e4e82984c0000000/Annihilation-of-ecosystems-by-large-asteroid-impacts-on-the-early-Earth.pdf www.nature.com/articles/ngeo3029 www.researchgate.net/profile/Frances_Westall/publication/225496180_3_Early_Life_on_Earth_and_Analogies_to_Mars/links/09e415102a6f5b93cf000000/3-Early-Life-on-Earth-and-Analogies-to-Mars.pdf cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/2/6/a002527.long www.lpi.usra.edu/science/abramov/papers/abramov_mojzsis_2009.pdf ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5181&context=smhpapers Meteorites www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009281911000286 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703713002081 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb00766.x arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/sup40suparsup39supar-ages-of-impacts-involving-ordinary-chondrite iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/153/3/103/pdf Canonical articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1975LPSC....6.1539W www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X74900594 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X72902051 www.researchgate.net/publication/254258543_Rb-Sr_AGES_OF_IGNEOUS_ROCKS_FROM_THE_APOLLO_14_MISSION_AND_THE_AGE_OF_THE_FRA_MAURO_FORMATION_DAPAPANASTASSIOU_and_GJWASSERBURG adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1973LPSC....4.1725H Causes iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/142/5/152/meta www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103501966084 iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aa5eaa/pdf www.nature.com/articles/nature03676?TB_=true&width=370.8&height=658.8 lagrange.oca.eu/images/LAGRANGE/pages_perso/morby/papers/P137.pdf www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103507000966 arxiv.org/pdf/1501.06204.pdf www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103514005570 planetary.brown.edu/pdfs/5173.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1112.0046.pdf www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103507000644 arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0510200.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1407.4521.pdf www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X04001359 Skeptic www.boulder.swri.edu/~cchapman/207PRFAR.PDF www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~meech/a740/2006/spring/papers/Hartmann03.pdf www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103575900950?via%3Dihub www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103513003059 Miscellaneous www.univie.ac.at/geochemistry/koeberl/publikation_list/189-lunar-craters-history-EMP2001.pdf www.nasa.gov/specials/apollo50th/back.html

[@hellscream46]

Pete, you will marry me.

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

This is David, and I'm afraid not.

[@Kombrig_2]

@@HistoryoftheEarth-- There is a big doubts about LHB among serious scientists. Look at the brilliant lecture of Stephen Mojzsis kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y5uwfKKHbMdni9U He's an expert on Hadean Eon and says -- there is no evidence of LHB 3.9 b.y.a But a lots of facts of Early HB 4.25 bln yrs ago! But I love your approach to the problem :=)

[@mikip3242]

I couldn't be more thankfull for the amoutn of references. Keep it this way please. This channel will be a transformation for many

[@eltaninshrdlu2925]

AMAZING!!!

[@williampainter8889]

I am sorry to announce that after today's video I will no longer be researching and writing for History of the Earth. I expended tremendous effort to provide you all with meticulous research and carefully crafted prose. It was an honor and I am disappointed that I can no longer share them with you. Your kind compliments and enthusiasm touched my heart and I will carry them with me as I go forward. Sincerely, thank you.

[@dindinprivate3477]

If true - thanks.

[@Raiche58]

Mr. Painter, I wish you all the best in your future endeavors. I hope to enjoy your work in other educational and informational productions.

[@WilliamDye-willdye]

Thank you for your contributions, Mr. Painter. I hope that the Kelly brothers can continue to make videos like this. I also hope that you can find success in doing something you love doing. Clearly, you are very good at research and writing! Thanks again, especially for the extensive links, which are already being helpful to me in my own research.

[@gregzeng]

Aged frail human myself. You show signs of much literary education. Wikipedia etc sources to your background? Myself, also another "colorful" person, but will perish soon, without any major accomplishments.

[@solanceDarkMOW]

This is a truly breathtaking piece you have written. Whatever you go on to do, know that you leave behind a legacy of brilliance. Thank you

[@uscdave1124]

I paused this in the middle of it when I realized this is one of the best written videos I have ever seen. Fantastic content. It's a crime you don't have more subscribers.

[@robertsherrick4081]

Science and compassionate knowledge found here. If the majority is ignorant, where is the advantage of majority rule? The less fools show up here the better. excellent work folks, thanks!

[@Mellonen-Galadh]

So did I, daaaamn!

[@newq]

As a geologist, I'm so pleased to see geology content articulated in such a poetic form. What an absolute gem. My new favorite channel.

[@SB-oi7qo]

This is beautifully made and written, well done!

[@dyslexiusmaximus]

i agree

[@Pooyuck]

poetry

[@scottlarson1548]

It took me three minutes to figure out what the hell the narrator was talking about.

[@rodrigorosatoalves]

“The tortured minerals scattered across the solar system tell us their most recent trauma. But they have forgotten their deep past. Their crystalline memories wiped” This is brilliant screenwriting. Not the sort of thing you expect from a free KZbin documentary. Bravo, bravo!

[@jbx1967]

Yeah, all you need to write this stuff is a fair command of the English language and a thesaurus. Also, the desire to use a descriptive style a bit less dry than most.

[@antwill6939]

"Gouged upon the lunar tissue rested the scars of a tremendous calamity". What a line. The writing and narrator truly bring this piece about destruction to life in the most beautiful way. ♥️

[@cowboygeologist7772]

Retired Geologist here. This is a wonderful video! 2nd video today; new subscriber.

[@BytebroUK]

Just wanted to say that I have seen a few 'Birth of Earth' sequences over the years, but this is nicely paced, and beautifully and poetically narrated. Kudos.

[@Katzztar]

I agree. I like how they have numbered notations within the video that within the descriptions goes into more detail.

[@YogiMcCaw]

This, NOVA(PBS) and the Fall Of Civilizations keep me going. These presentations keep the bar high on science documentaries. It's important work in a time when anybody gets to publish anything they want. Thank you SO MUCH, Painter & Kelly

[@prakashrao8420]

Crisp and detailed as usual. Keep up the good work

[@dobypilgrim6160]

This is a superb channel. It should eventually become your biggest one. Thanks so much for all the hard work. You two brothers are so very talented!

[@tammcd]

Waxing poetic about planetary assault. Lovely stuff.

[@Reallycoolguy1369]

Came for the science, stayed for the eloquence... anyone can hit you with facts but this is poetry. Bravo!

[@bluesbest1]

When the Science Major minors in Creative Writing.

[@psrivastav]

I am so eagerly waiting for the next installment of the series. Amazing production quality

[@additionaddict5524]

The one thing I love about these videos is you always include *how* we know.

[@lourencorezende4350]

Voices of the past, History time and the Pete Kelly channel are some of my favorite KZbin channels, but this one is absolutely marvelous! Keep up the amazing work!

[@stoywarshockofficial9984]

This channel IS the same owner/sister channel of History Time

[@nuclearnyanboi]

This channel will take off

[@aaohknsn]

to the moon

[@Ethan5I5]

@@TheShootist If you want complexity you can take a quantum mechanics course

[@pestiferousvibe4925]

@@TheShootist If the attempt of the channel is the educate as many as possible, what you're proposing would make that incredibly difficult. Instead of expecting people to cater their work to your needs, perhaps it is your responsibility to find what it is you seek.

[@FirefoxisredExplorerisblueGoog]

"Earth shattering revelations" hehe

[@romelnegut2005]

That was a great pun.

[@tornadomash00]

im sorry but your username is the greatest thing i've ever read

[@ellenbryn]

I love this channel. I got hooked on geology about 15 years ago, just as a hobby, and I've learned enough to be impressed by how well you've distilled scientific consensus down to clear, compelling and poetic minisodes for the general public. In that combination of scientific rigor and lyrical wonder, you're following in the footsteps of Carl Sagan. Bravo. I've recced this channel on other social media platforms: hopefully I'll send a few viewers your way. I very much want to see this series continue.

[@mawage666]

I could listen to David Kelly narrate all day. Most excellently written too. I would put this narration on the same level as David Attenborough, Tony Darnell, and Morgan Freeman.

[@ZappyCatPrime]

Big hats off to William Painter, you wrote an excellent script and I love the inclusion of footnotes and references.

[@madraven07]

This is the answer to the question, "Why do I spend so many hours on KZbin searching?"

[@metameta1427]

I am going back through your catalog to rewatch the older videos. You really have always had the "it" factors needed for a great channel. I hope this channel and the others related to it have continued success for many years to come. Many thanks to everyone involved with the production of these great videos.

[@kit_the_inevitable]

absolutely loved that intro, that telling of the moon's pov was very unique :)

[@AidanMartin]

as someone who has always been fascinated with geological history I was kind of excited to watch the first two videos on this and I guess it is nice to see your guy's take on this and personally I do think that is what earth would've look like during that time and man being able to do this in such a short period of time. I mean sure they are only between 15-20 minutes but still.

[@yippikahyey]

This might be my new favourite channel.

[@Rythmdoc]

David Kelly, never stop narrating! One of the best voices.

[@joz6683]

I cannot recommend this channel highly enough. The narration, subjects and pacing are almost perfect.

[@stephenhockley]

Wow. What a difference a literary writer makes for videos, sheesh. Really good!

[@Limosethe]

3:36 man in the middle is my great grandfather Clifford Frondel, he let his son in law (My grandfather) litterally touch moon rocks, making me apart of a very small group of people who have actually even met somebody who has touched moonrocks, let alone be related to them

[@SonoraVelsa]

So, so very beautiful, especially the narrative, such a poetic yet informative language. Love it so much! Thank you and keep up the good work!

[@garykeenan8591]

Excellent presentation skills in this family. Thank you so much.

[@cathyb1273]

Your channel was in my recommendations. For once YT did good 😊 Even if english is not my native language your way of speaking makes it easy to follow. Can't wait for the next episodes. 👍

[@keithcarpenter943]

Superb episode. The narration is so easy to listen too. The knowledge given just makes me want to know more.

[@chrisdooley6468]

Excellent video my friend. Great production value and perfect slides for each point. Well done definitely subbed

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

Thanks for the kind words!

[@philwomack6841]

Another superb episode. I particularly like the notes in the description. Note 10 Common sense surely informs that there would not have been a hiatus in the formation of the system.

[@jonathanturek5846]

I study the cosmos. I decided to study the earth as an example of terrestrial planets. I appreciate your work. Don't retire all ready !

[@j.campbell4497]

You're quite simply the best! This and history of the universe are my two favorite KZbin channels thank you!

[@maxsothcott4484]

This is a stunning piece of work, succinct , elegantly read with a superb script and delivered with panache and objectivity! Sheer pleasure to watch and listen! Thank you

[@davidsimonson7699]

I think covering the Permian Great Dying is long overdue! Would love to see your renditions of purple oceans and green skies. :)

[@justinbiggs1005]

Soon it seems. Went from 4 bya to the boring billion in the recent episode

[@kenchesnut4425]

Excellent again ....The best on KZbin....Best of all...We can listen without tons of the same ads..

[@loftobot]

"An Armageddon was fossilized.. on the moon." Great line! Wonderful writing.

[@alanthor4843]

These are my favorite videos to watch, I go to work and discuss what I've learned to the younger guys that I work with an I sound like a genius, the writing is excellent and the one line descriptions are very clever, sad to see this go, well done mate

[@Echo1Vyr]

This is professional audiobook writing, narration, and quality. It's like listening to the greatest sci-fi book ever written, except it actually happened.

[@Senio6667]

Great as always, keep up the good work!

[@janakacooray]

Beautiful, beautiful, script... Breathtaking

[@monstergdc]

Scientific topic and yet quite poetic narration, very nice! :)

[@ajuzamaki12345]

loved the intro, beautiful!

[@CovfefeDotard]

Your videos are terrific

[@thebumlifeferlife1278]

A year after you're posting. It is a shame you can't continue. Very fascinating work. Well done, well researched and well spoken.

[@thatguywesmaranan]

the way it's narrated makes me want to be in the middle of everything happening... I. LOVE. THIS. VIDEO.

[@saundra7777]

Awesome video about mother earth. 🌎 ❤ Very well done. Nice narration 😊

[@Nttmf]

Great documentary here, no annoying music in the background. Good work.

[@lxathu]

I hope one day you'll get some award for this story telling, if you haven't already.

[@maykonjunkes6027]

Congrats, so well done!

[@MrBucidart]

Outstanding ... Thank you ....

[@WarrenWright1961]

Simply masterful for the amateur scientist in all of us. Many thanks for such enthusiastic and unbiased lectures.

[@jillianc949]

Apollo Program represent! Thank you for so clearly laying out one of the many reason why humans need to return to the Moon. There is still so much to learn and so much it can tell us about the Earth.

[@timkbirchico8542]

And here we are, a part of the re coalesced material from a supernova, endeavouring to analyse and describe the universe that consciousness finds itself in, as in looking at the fabric of its own manifestation. Fascinating.

[@daye9777]

Great comment

[@cjclark2002]

It’s overwhelming more like it.

[@stuartnetherclift7566]

Very good video! Was going to say superb but someone has already said that! :-) Please keep them coming!

[@brentritchie6199]

This channel quality and information is fantastic thank you

[@elhombredeoro955]

Very informative video and very well made. Liked and subscribed.

[@impact0r]

This entire series is a marvelous work of all involved. I salute you for this masterpiece of essential knowledge!

[@nadal1275]

Hm, i´m listening to a Dune audio book atm, i could splice this vid into it and nobody would notice it. Very nicely written and narrated

[@kevinjensen3056]

Simply a fantastic series.

[@NomadikFlakk]

Holy crap. Epic storytelling skills. I really wish I could find this in just audio so I could listen to it at work.

[@stefanhensel8611]

As, for obvious reasons, I cannot celebrate the birth of Christ with my friends and family this year, I re-celebrate the birth of this planet and its biosphere with your videos. Your series is amazing, very professional and, although I'm quite interested in the subject, gives me new insights and food for thought. Thank you!

[@willyreeves319]

nicely presented. my thought has been that the evidence we have are simply the first craters. that everything prior didn't leave craters because the surface had not cooled enough from the constant barrage that we casually call the formation of the planets. these are the same billion year long event the end of which we can date (more or less)

[@damianjblack]

Loving this channel! Interesting thought too: not a Late Heavy Bombardment but just continuous bombardment from 4.4 to 3.6 Gya.

[@worklion50]

Hey... you know what is great about this channel............................................EVERYTHING! (crickets)

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Just found your channel, and I'm really impressed! The only other deep time channel I'd found was PBS Eons, so having another one is amazing! 👏 ❤

[@dyslexiusmaximus]

awesome vid! ill definitely share.

[@charlieburkett]

So weary of it all, our current times. The comments before mine are more eloquent than I can be and echo what I feel when I watch not only this episode but the series. I thought I'd seen most of the content on KZbin, happy I was wrong. I am a geology junky and the reality of geologic time and the constant remaking of our planet and everything in it gives me peace to the core. I no longer care whether or not humans will continue. Life will. Earth will. Thank you, Mr. Painter, enjoy the rest of your journey.

[@shadowraith1]

Interesting presentation. Definitively worth a "food for thought" moment.Thanks👍🌙🌕🌙👍

[@mrsauceman5721]

Superb narration.

[@eltaninshrdlu2925]

Well done! You deserve many more subscribers. (Edit: typo)

[@philjazz88]

What an amazing education!! Thank you!!!

[@marcelogaea1064]

Brilliant! As a side note, the narrator is reminiscent of Sir Richard Burton, who narrated Jeff Wayne’s musical version of War of the Worlds, with music by the Moody Blues. Apocalyptic yet, relaxing…

[@getsmarter5412]

Yes, thank you for all your diligent work on these videos. I hope they get picked up by school systems! Beat to you!

[@gehtdianschasau8372]

I want to leave a comment, for the algorythm, but i have nothing to add. Keep up the great work and have fun at it!

[@hom_di]

nice one - enjoyed that - good narration

[@muziknurd]

I just found this channel AND I'M SO HAPPY 😭

[@susy7663]

Beautiful voice.....awesome!!!!

[@golalehkamran9529]

I adore listening to David Kelly. He could read the phone book or a grocery list, I would still listen.

[@deborahromilly6238]

Fabulous thank you!

[@joeyshofner639]

Where was you when I was in school? Good job.

[@Starkada]

You have the content to get 500,000+ subs. Keep it up!

[@stefanieberg1569]

The only time, I can see/hear this in peace, is, when I go to bed… so I drop off, and have listened to/ watched all episodes + History of the Universe endless times and learn more every time… the narration is great and interesting and understandable… sad, you had to stop this.

[@ruthnovena40]

Science does not have to be dry and with out poetry .What is poetry but words that numbers can not convey so humans understand what is written in the stars thank you for telling us mere mortals so well and making the Science into poetry we can understand. Loved the vid.

[@lennonwhitehead1352]

Very nice docco. Cheers

[@arthousecommons3802]

I Stan this channel. A lot.

[@nakamurasupermario64miyamo61]

This is like the intro to the Lord of the Rings.

[@jimmyshrimbe9361]

Wonderful video!

[@SuperDebraB]

What an awesome documentary!

[@entity6609]

Your voice and vocabulary really does relax me. It leaves me longing for more knowledge from you.

[@Richuru20]

What a great video thanks alot❤❤

[@desperatelyseekingrealnews]

Who is this and why ain't the subs in the millions? One of the best videos I've ever seen 👍👋👋👋👋🏁🏆🥇🎯

[@EUROWEFILMS]

As good a production as any on mainstream TV, More please..!

[@mikelfunderburk5912]

Just found this channel. Good job guys.

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

Thanks for watching ! We are just getting started :)