The Ocean Is Deeper Than You Think. We Need Better Maps.

Why deep sea maps are SO BAD (and how to fix it)...
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Our maps of the ocean are surprisingly bad! On Google Maps it looks like we know so much… but we know less about the ocean floor than we do the surface of Mars. And that’s a big problem, because we are using the ocean all the time: We’re laying internet cables across it, we fight wars in it, we search it during a crisis - like the imploded OceanGate Titan submersible or the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. 71% of the surface of the Earth is water! And yet we have a surprisingly limited view of what’s below it.
But that’s also understandable. Because cartographically speaking, water sucks. For Mars or Earth’s surface, we can take pictures. But light doesn’t get to the ocean floor, so we need other ways to see it. The good news is, we’re developing that tech right now, and an international group called Seabed 2030 is working to piece together a better map.
There is a terrifying, incredible, alien world on our own planet, and we’re FINALLY using technology to see it more clearly.
In this episode of Huge If True, I dive deep - with help from my friend and fellow video journalist @johnnyharris - to show you how we’re mapping the ocean, the surprising things we’ve discovered in the depths, and why this new technology could be… huge if true :)
Chapters:
00:00 How bad are our ocean maps?
01:40 How deep is the ocean?
03:05 What is the deepest part of the ocean?
04:04 The craziest method to map the ocean
06:20 How does sonar work?
07:31 What did the first ocean maps look like?
09:30 How do we map the ocean now?
10:30 What is Seabed 2030?
11:40 How do we use underwater robots?
12:27 Concerns with mapping the deep ocean
13:11 Why deep ocean mapping is huge if true
You can find me on TikTok here for short, fun tech explainers: / cleoabram
You can find me on Instagram here for more personal stories: / cleoabram
You can find me on Twitter here for thoughts, threads and curated news: / cleoabram
Bio:
Cleo Abram is an Emmy-nominated independent video journalist. On her show, Huge If True, Cleo explores complex technology topics with rigor and optimism, helping her audience understand the world around them and see positive futures they can help build. Before going independent, Cleo was a video producer for Vox. She wrote and directed the Coding and Diamonds episodes of Vox’s Netflix show, Explained. She produced videos for Vox’s popular KZbin channel, was the host and senior producer of Vox’s first ever daily show, Answered, and was co-host and producer of Vox’s KZbin Originals show, Glad You Asked.
Additional reading and watching:
- 24-hour a day live streaming from the deep sea: www.NautilusLive.org
- Livestream of ocean research (my favorite): / @evnautilus
- To see recent seafloor visualizations (NOAA): www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/ocean-...
- To learn more about the high-stakes race to map the Earth's oceans: The Deepest Map, by Laura Trethewey www.harpercollins.com/product...
- To see how amazing our Mars maps are (Murray Lab): murray-lab.caltech.edu/CTX/V0...
- The Ocean is Way Deeper Than You Think, RealLifeLore: • The Ocean is Way Deepe...
- What’s Hiding at the Most Solitary Place on Earth? The Deep Sea, Kurzgesagt: • What’s Hiding at the M...
- The Unspeakable Horrors of the Deep Sea, Casual Geographic: • The Unspeakable Horror...
- Why no aquarium has a great white shark, Vox: • Why no aquarium has a ...
- This Incredible Animation Shows How Deep The Ocean Really Is, Insider: • This Incredible Animat...
- How Much of the Seafloor Is Left to Explore? NOAA: oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/world-...
- How Deep is the Ocean? NOAA: oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/o...
- About Seabed 2030: seabed2030.org/our-mission/
Vox: www.vox.com/authors/cleo-abram
IMDb: www.imdb.com/name/nm10108242/
Gear I use:
Camera: Sony A7SIII
Lens: Sony 16-35 mm F2.8 GM and 35mm prime
Audio: Sennheiser SK AVX
Music: Musicbed
Follow along for more episodes of Huge If True: kzbin.info?sub...
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Welcome to the joke down low:
Why did the fish blush?
Because it saw the ocean’s bottom.
Use the word “blush” in a comment so I know you’re a real one :)

[@johnnyharris]

Pleeeeeease give me more excuses to go look at beautiful maps!! This was so fun thanks for looping me in ✨

[@Eh_177]

Yoo I love your videos man!

[@lol311]

​@@Eh_177And I love you.

[@harshit.1915]

We love seeing @johnnyharris and @cleoabram creating videos together. the both of you are two of my favourite video journalists on the internet! Thank YOU for making the INCREDIBLE videos that y'all do!! ❤❤❤

[@JCWren]

Time to find out if reprints of the Marie Tharpe maps are available. Particularly interested in the one shown at 8:44.

[@urbugnmetoday3183]

Total geek! That’s great!

[@GymGirl88]

The best part about the Thorpe maps was that they were the first concrete evidence for plate tectonics and she is often credited in geology with providing the last piece of the puzzle that pushed the theory of plate tectonics from fringe idea to mainstream scientific theory.

[@kb4432]

40. The state of the lost Is like the depths and layers of darkness In a vast deep ocean, above which are waves crashing upon each other, above which are dark clouds : Depths of darkness, one Above another : if a man Stretches out his hand, He can hardly see it ! For any to whom God Giveth not light, There is no light ! 41. See you not that it is God Whose is Glorified by all creatures in the heavens and on earth, and even the birds (Of the air) with wings Outspread ? Each one knows Its own (mode of) prayer And praise. And God Knows well all that they do. 42. Indeed to God belongs The dominion of the heavens And the earth ; and to God you will all return. 43. See you not that God Makes the clouds move Gently, then joins them Together, then makes them Into a heap ?-then wilt thou See rain issue forth From their midst. And He Sends down from the sky Mountain masses (of clouds) Wherein is hail : He makes it land where He pleases And He turns it away From where He pleases. And the lightening that he produces from it, which blinds the sight. 44. It is God Who alternates The Night and the Day : Verily in all of these things Is a sign for people of understanding ! 45. And God has created Every animal from water : Of them there are some That creep on their bellies ; Some that walk on two legs ; And some that walk on four. God creates what He wills ; For verily God has power Over all things. 46. We have indeed sent down Signs and proofs that make things clear : And God guides whom He wills To a way that is straight. The Noble Qur'an. Chapter of light

[@bruhmania7359]

@@kb4432shut up

[@wordzmyth]

OK I could stand to learn more about her in depth. What a great contribution

[@biazacha]

Yep she’s a badass, some would say the mother of modern geology - the fact that her research was largely dismissed for decades (yep, good ol boys club in science at play here) is mind blowing.

[@moonshinershonor202]

@@biazacha it could be said they told her to... Kick rocks. Baduahk m tskk

[@LVRM98]

Amazing to see how Marie Tharp could make those high quality maps with the limited data she had. I find it really interesting to see how a combination of old and new tech helps us to make an even more accurate map of this mysterious underwater world!

[@randybentley2633]

Maps are becoming all the more critically necessary given the relatively recent collision of the USS Connecticut into an undersea mountain.

[@anshuuu9708]

Who found this channel randomly or through shorts and now cant stop watching....I CANTT THESE VIDS ARE SO GOOD, the production quality is top notch

[@williamhoward7121]

I'm an avid scuba diver but no matter how many times I dive I realize I am truly in a different world. There are common things you see as a scuba diver on a reef that most people never get to experience. For example a fish cleaning station with a line of fish waiting their turn to be cleaned by tiny gobies and other types of fish and shrimp. I'm so glad you're doing the series there's so much still to be learned! Thanks Cleo!

[@Entropy_Antagonist]

They be living life just Like us right?

[@juliannacolombo5584]

I am so amused and happy to know this now. Thank you, 1:59 kind, sir! Wishing you many more safe dives💓

[@SreeramVenkitesh]

What! That's crazy, its like the fish have an organized community and etiquettes like standing in a line, just WHAT

[@pascalcrt]

That is adorable and smart and makes me so happy to hear. Thanks for sharing!

[@dan_youtube]

And we just go there and eat them, how disturbing

[@thejuiceweasel]

As a kid, I've heard that when you say "detailed map" five times into a mirror, Johnny Harris appears behind you.

[@miles611]

😂

[@kingace6186]

True story

[@Ketraar]

😆

[@LabGecko]

Plot twist, if you do it you'll find out he's holding a Mirror Map, and he can take people with him.

[@danielriley7380]

😂

[@cashmoola5114]

I remember learning as a little kid (I’m still young) that we had only mapped 5 percent of the ocean floor. This is so fascinating to me!

[@bigdaddy7729]

How old are u ? 95?

[@BagerGman]

I started working at a large private seabed/subsea bed mapping company that did surveys around the world for oil companies at 17 back in 2007 through a friend of my grandma. They wanted a tech legit ‘go for’ and liked my honesty and ability. Anyway, I was immediately trained on how to map seabeds, not hard, and start learning sub seabed imaging, also not hard. The problem with mapping large areas of the seabed is it takes a while for the boats to move out, and the expense. At the company we worked with both a 2d and 3d approach. The singular lines and guessing where and how the undersea ranges are, as shown in the old depth map with Johnny, are the 2d surveys we did. 3d surveys to mor accurately show the sea floor, and what is below, cost more and take way more time for the ships to complete. Disclaimer: I stopped working at that company in December 2015, so my knowledge on the cost of surveys and new tech may be out of date.

[@justlook.productions]

Retired ocean lifeguard here, I love the part about the surface giving away the bottom contour. It’s exactly what’s happening in the shoreline. Slightly deeper water breeds rip currents. The water’s shape and color tell a story all day long about the shape of the bathymetry under! A crew that rowed across the pacific from LA to Hilo followed deep trenches leading away from California helped by those currents. It’s amazing.

[@peterladetto708]

It doesn't make sense. This topography is supposedly based upon the effects of gravity. A mountain bulge in the earth means more mass in that spot which should create slightly more gravity and pull the water down. Conversely, a trench or valley in the earth would be less mass/gravity in that spot and so should produce a bulge in the water.

[@justlook.productions]

@@peterladetto708perhaps I am taking into account how surface currents are effected by wind, weather, rain and waves? and perhaps I have been trained by way too many old men of the sea. 😝 I have known some of the Original Gangsters in Los Angeles with LA County and some legends survive without testing by science. These guys do annual races from King Harbor to Catalina and they can talk a good game but who knows? Maybe they are full of 5hit?! ✌️ If you are curious I’ll try and find that post I referenced but I won’t fight with you. Sounds like you know your stuff. ☺️👍

[@bjar2417]

@@peterladetto708 both occur but at different length and depth scales. The gravity effect is very small, and can only be seen over 100 km's. However the shape of the bottom of the ocean influences the water of the ocean multiple different ways, so when you get closer to the shore, you most certainly can see the effect in small rip tides, but also much larger currents are effected by this. This means if you want to only observe the gravity effect, you have to correct for the currents, and if you want to observe only the currents you have to correct for the gravity. Better ocean observations result in better results in both cases.

[@ciprianpopa1503]

" color tell a story all day long about the shape of the bathymetry under". Sure, tell us more.

[@justlook.productions]

@@ciprianpopa1503 are you serious? No really, are you calling bull5hit? It’s cool, ✌️☺️ I am not offended. Trust me I have had people walk up to me and challenge me on that right there in Santa Monica while I was blowing my whistle and moving people out of a pulling rip current. I get it. When time permitted I could hand my polarizing sunglasses to some yuppie and point out the discoloration; I’d win an instant convert. After a big set, water gets “trapped” up on shore and tries to find its way back to sea but keeps getting pushed back up until a patch of sand gives way and that water rushes laterally toward it (feeders) and kicks up more sand as a channel forms, taking the water seaward. The waves don’t break the same over that channel. Both the shape of the wave and the coloration of the water from the sand tell you exactly what’s happening at the bottom. Just like a map. No cap 🧢 the kids say? Further to this point the swell/set waves can be traced to events happening on the other side of the globe. A Newport Beach lifeguard was killed effecting a rescue in large surf that originated from an earthquake in Fukushima, Japan. Lots of great scientists here, ✌️ respect. On this subject I am speaking from field experience not a laboratory. We each have valid perspectives but might use different nomenclature and phraseology to describe the same phenomenon. I am happy to elaborate and reconcile any apparent discrepancies. I offer this perspective lovingly and in good faith! ☺️✌️💜

[@myouounoanjii]

That Marie Tharp map of the ocean floor was straight up incredible. The amount of dedication and skill to finish them is fantastic. I can see how Johnny loved going to the library to look at 'em 😅

[@AlexanderBrown77]

🎺☁️ 1 Thessalonians 4 kJV ✝️🩸 14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him. 15 For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep. 16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: 17 Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. 18 Wherefore comfort one another with these words. ✝️🩸 Ephesians 1 kJV 7 In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;

[@Kalpit147]

Why don't you pray and do some community service instead of wasting your time here?​@@AlexanderBrown77

[@Strongest_under_heaven]

Its so weird how Natalie Portman started a science channel, her only disguise is changing her name and we are all playing along with it

[@tanmaytekawade8966]

I can't unsee this 😂😂😂

[@user-ih5ii4tp3w]

No this chick's way hotter

[@NCfrost82]

I see it but it's not that close

[@user-to4yy6wg1p]

Forget what she looks like...my brain has an orgasm watching this channel.🤯

[@saukskere]

We thought so too...

[@waikaalulu9941]

I live Hilo Hawaii. What you’ve said is true. My house is oceanfront I see the ocean move at all times. The ocean ridge that extends off the island creates a very strange and interesting ocean condition that’s fascinating. We live off of the oceans resources. So knowing how it works is very important to us. Youve done a great job. I love the show.

[@burtonkent4549]

Problem is sonar is horrible for sea life, whales in particular. It can destroy their hearing structures, make them echo-location blind and even cause them to beach themselves. I'd like to hear about what they're doing to not maim sea life.

[@jlskeptic]

It can be difficult to stop people from finding answers with harmful technology. First they have to learn its harmful and then they have to wait until less or non-harmful means are found. When people really, REALLY want to know, they'll excuse or ignore the harm they cause.

[@KalpeshMange92]

Thankyou for sharing this. I had no idea Sonar does that to them.

[@DajesOfficial]

How is there any whales then? Pretty much all of them should've been hit by sonar by now

[@ndimageryanddownoutproduct1071]

@@DajesOfficialexactly lol. You know how many subs just between Russia and USA?

[@AuxiliaryPanther]

​@@ndimageryanddownoutproduct1071active sonar is loud, so submarines almost never use it. Imagine being invisible to a crowd of people, then shouting "HEY! WE'RE OVER HERE!"

[@osmia]

I'm loving that you started this series on your own. So glad you're keeping it up. Every episode has been fascinating!

[@Ketraar]

+

[@pyropulseIXXI]

on her own? What does that even mean? Every time a woman does something, everyone treats her like a child. "Oh wow, you started this project on your own!! How cute!!!"

[@Ketraar]

@@pyropulseIXXI Hey dude, your bigotry is hanging out, might want to tuck that back in. It's a feat that someone did it on their own, the fact that she is a woman, is something you decided was important to complain about.

[@notallowedtobehonest2539]

@@Ketraarso you choose to defend the side that insinuates that wahmn are incapable and panders to them..... over the side that sees them as equal and wants to only give credit where credit is due? So you support the patriarchy, not having wahmns rights, and treating them like childern/pets?

[@notallowedtobehonest2539]

@@aadi6599 we dont find reasons to belittle wahmn, wahmn dont earn respect. They are little, they arent BElittled. They fail at everything.

[@AwokenEntertainment]

it's always scared me how little we know about our oceans..

[@markoshayes6613]

My dad is an oceanographer, and he uses gliders to capture data about the ocean floor, current, temperature etc. Very interesting video!

[@gordonmills2748]

When I was a young man, my father (an avid fisherman who died in 1987) always had the latest technology available at the time. A "depth finder" and a "fish finder" and a Loran for navigation. It was primitive by today's standards, and I wish he were around to see how the technology has advanced.

[@andrewwilliams5773]

Thanks for sharing this. Makes me think of my grandfather for a similar reason.

[@derAtze]

...took me to the city. To see a marching band

[@derAtze]

(Sorry, i had to. search for mcr black parade if you want to know what that means)

[@grimskull416]

fishfinders are still used heavily by anglers today. In fact, I used it the other day to catch salmon. Depths of up to 260meters can be detected within a certain angle range, and that's off of a 130 dollar version that I cast out into the waters using a fishing rod. It sends the signals back to my phone which is then interpreted on a mobile app, giving me a visual of what's below the water, namely the seabed and fish. Exciting stuff that older folks never got a chance to see. Imagine years from now how far it would continue to advance. It'd be amazing to know exactly what's below the water with the same accuracy and detail as we do land.

[@gregjacobs189]

When I was a young boy, my father took me into the city to see a marching band.

[@ropro9817]

Love that Cleo's videos seem to be trending longer. I would absolutely watch a 30-60 min Cleo Abram video from end to end. Or listen to a 1-3 hour podcast, for that matter! 🤠

[@ropro9817]

@Cleo Abram: Look how many people are interested in longer form content from you! 🤠🙏

[@LateBloomerMedia]

I couldn't help but notice towards the end of video the slight sound of cotton mouth! I'm honestly no one to judge, so I'm not. Just pointing it out and also hoping maybe she'll see this and take it into consideration lol I'm sure it's not as big of a deal as I'm making it out to be, but it is something that kinda bugs me. Which might just be because I used to smoke weed a lot and therefore cotton mouth was a regular thing for me. So now when I notice it, it triggers me and makes me wish I could smoke again even more so! Haha ok I'm cutting myself off from the internet and I'll see myself out ✌️

[@controlfreak1963]

We (the US) actually have extremely good maps of the oceans, we just don't openly publish them for reasons that include national security. The best maps that we do have were not built by public agencies. In the private sector, companies like Exxon have amazing maps of the sea floor in areas that interest them. They do not share these with others.

[@ron.v]

"We can't be afraid of knowledge for fear of what we'll do with it." Wow! What a statement. I've always loved this. Once, I worked for a group of computer system administrators, some of whom knew much less about the operating system (AT&T UNIX) than we specialists did. For many of them, their attitude was "Don't type that command! You never know what might happen." I couldn't help but laugh because the one who actually said that had no idea of asset permissions. He didn't which level of permissions was dangerous and which was harmless, a perfect example of fear from lack of knowledge. I told my him, "We're safer when we understand why certain things are dangerous." I've always believed that it's smart to learn as much as we can before attempting the unknown so we'll be prepared. If we fail to prepare, we prepare to fail.

[@RonSonntag]

Great video! Just for a stat, I created the first generally accessible and affordable high-resolution mapping program using the World Database II way back in 1978. It was called AMP - A Mapping Program. And, while the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) had a program that used the World Database II to create maps, it was very expensive to use. I compressed the entire WDBII onto one Cyber 750 "Disk Pack" at 5 levels of resolution. Using just 5 lines of Fortran code, any student, researcher, scientist could create a map of any part of the world at up to 1 point every 300m resolution WITH their data presented in a variety of methods and usually at a cost of less than $5 (NCAR program to produce the same thing typically cost in the $50s to $100s of dollars in compute time). The program was used at the University of Washington for maybe 5 to 7 years by many departments and hundreds of users. Little did I know that I was at the very beginning of what eventually evolved into Google Maps!

[@SunnyV3official]

Wow. That is amazing

[@ganymede4030]

That's so cool!

[@Telephonebill51]

So, the world IS mapped, unlike what this crazy chick says?

[@neonoeee]

that's amazing if that was true, you could make a video explaining it and put some evidence, many ppl would love yo watch

[@bow_wow_wow]

I think you well deserve a KZbin video on your exploits and your contribution to the lives of others and humanity overall. I don't have the skills myself to help with such an endeavor. I'll go look at your channel and see if perhaps you already have one. Edit: You don't have a video about your project. You do have an amazing water meditation video set in the mountains. Did you record that yourself? If no one has taken the time to document your project for posterity and thus give you the credit you deserve, I do hope you get that some day.

[@MrBeetsGaming]

I am absolutely terrified of the oceans or really any large body of water, even being in a city near one makes me feel uneasy.... The idea of being in the water and having miles of it underneath me is especially terrifying.

[@mattlombardi54]

I have a friend sorta like that. He truly believes we don’t belong in the ocean and it takes a lot of motivation for him to ever get on a boat I’m the ocean. Lakes are fine for him but the ocean makes him so uneasy and I get it 😂

[@MonkeyJedi99]

According to some who have sailed it, the ocean is liquid hate.

[@polaedward4579]

You are truly a cat person then :D

[@chrisashtonlightell-west1189]

Thalassophobia is really common for a good reason. The ocean is terrifying and should be respected. Somehow, that fear for me turns into fascination a lot.

[@loganvandyk7090]

I love learning cool things from beautiful women!

[@Mindseas]

Love the video, and your enthusiasm is very catchy, and I particularly liked the the depth graph - it was really... graphic and easy to comprehend, huge cudos for that! Now, I understand that this video wasn't about Marie Tharp, but I still think it would've bared mentioning that she recognized the significance of mapping the ocean floor much earlier than anyone, or at least most of her peers. What makes the story more even more interesting is how her bosses told her not to talk about it for quite a while. Until they realized they were wrong. At least they were man enough to admit they were wrong, but it's still worth mentioning that what she did was even more boss than what you let on here. I think this is a fantastic video, thank you for all your hard work!

[@schlenbea]

Love that you're incorporating the title of your account more and more. Super excited about the future of Oceanography as well- great vid as always!

[@Jostradomas]

"We cant let fear of what we will do with it, prevent us from seeking knowledge." I wish everyone thought like this. Love the channel! great work

[@Rai2M]

Say it again when AI kills us

[@Jostradomas]

@@Rai2M I do not share your fear. Yes, that could be one outcome, but to fixate only on the possible negative outcome and ignore the possible better outcome. It is JUST as likely that we figure AI out in a way that enriches and furthers our species. You are free to your opinion, but doomsaying has never been a good look or a good position on the future. I guess I just have more faith in us than you do. To each their own.

[@mattbauckman9907]

Some things are best left unknown. Just because we can doesn’t mean we should. Being educated beyond one’s intelligence is real.

[@OwODemon666]

Tbh everyone would think like that if the ocean wasn't just space but with insane amounts of pressure

[@eckoart.erin.jerome]

How many species have humans killed off that you can clearly see for a fact? Do you have any idea what percentage is irreparably damaged that you haven't figured out yet??? Humanity kills off everything it can find to get it's hands on with very few exceptions. Hell you men can't even guarantee the women and children they can walk the Earth in peace yet. That would indeed be actual progress. LOL.

[@vamos419]

It still boggles my mind that only 5% of the earth’s global ocean has been explored so far and the remaining 95% is untouched.

[@Calozard]

untouched purposefully, but not unpolluted or ravaged

[@lolhcd]

It's harder to go down there than to go to space. Space is almost a vacuum, so not a lot of "mass" is out there, which means that our satellites and instruments reach further, and the vacuum of space is mor consistent. Water pressure is unforgiving and grows the deeper we go and there is literally water mass in-between the ocean's floor and our sonars/radars etc. so it's like looking through a veil and it is harder to go down there with having your instruments intact. We have so many international, national and even private companies and agencies with enough money to fund these projects but put 2 and 2 together, you realize that deep-sea exploration is unforgivingly hard.

[@derAtze]

Also, while land is a (more or less) 2d surface, the sea has life in every cubic inch of volume, from the shallowest beach to the deepest depths. There is just so much to explore. In comparison to that, (outer) space is just very very empty in general

[@TheSchnieder6]

12:16 6% to now at 25%

[@poojakumari-vy5hz]

Yeah! If they all stop stupidly spending on defence...way many times what they spend on research and technology just to save ourselves from ourselves we would have had precise ocean maps like a half century ago. But being humans insatiable greediness and pettiness is inevitable...

[@notapplicable-zn9us]

“If you want to see aliens, go to the oceans” Time 3:12 Simply brilliant!

[@throw_away_account4514]

I didn't quite understand the logic behind "it's better to die in space" though... Who would prefer an agonizing 90 seconds over a little painless poof of a few milliseconds??

[@Erikali26]

"Now, I'm in New York, but I have a friend in D.C., & he 💙s 🗺s." Best intro for The One & only Johnny Harris, ever heard yet!

[@bjar2417]

It's a really cool scientific problem actually. I'm doing my PhD about the gravitational mapping method she mentioned, and hope to help provide more accurate global maps in the future! I love maps, and this is the new frontier haha

[@justlook.productions]

Hey there! Thanks for what you do! As an ocean lifeguard I had it drilled into me that maps of the ocean are called charts. I am not correcting you! LOL I just find the intersection of these disciplines fascinating and how issues of phraseology are resolved. Do you hear the word “chart” often? Is there by chance a difference? (Charts deal more with the surface maybe?)

[@michaelfleming5999]

I saw a paper that said they can hear the waves crashing on a shore of the giant oceans of water deep under the earth's crust. Crazy !

[@sprayz390]

you’re so cool:)

[@Mary-Ann_B_Mabaet]

If and when you make it in a Scientific Journey for your Contribution to the World and to Science, I hope you remember this post and give us some info on your work. Info of the Journal & Volume would be cool, too. Here's hoping for your future success for Mankind! Keep up the good work!

[@Kaijutopia]

"Saying that we don't want information because we're afraid of what we'll do with it. That's not what helps people." - Incredible quote and perspective! Thank you.

[@wssometimesavowel3639]

Yes, it's the most humanist quote I've heard in a while. A conservative part of me (probably my parents voice) says "maybe it's naive to think such things" but the curious child in me says "nah, do it"

[@wssometimesavowel3639]

@@joelmiller3996 lol I just watched that veritasium episode ln about Oppenheimer!! I find it facinating that Oppenheimer was entranced by the thousands year old Bhagavad Gita (where in it somehow accurately describes nuclear weaponry?).. understanding was growing all over the world with the advancement of nuclear science, in nazi Germany mostly... I see your point, along with some other things, like gain of function research, potentially any knowledge can be used nefariously right... and it mostly depends on who's funding the science that determines how it will be used. All medical knowledge could be used by killers, ooh actually a lot of medical knowledge came from nazi killers cringe. Is that reason not to explore the ocean? We can weigh pros and cons, suspect that this knowledge may be used by treasure hunters, maybe people searching for Atlantis, perhaps by militaries that want to plan or counter submarine attacks. But on the other hand, find new species of life, zoology, track tectonic plates and possibly help improve vulcanology(sp?) Geology, meteorology and climatology, pros outweigh cons in my opinion. What do you think?

[@Culpride]

Well ... Not every information should be public. Should everybody know what poisons pathologists don't test for? We are potentially missing out on so much poetry, beauty and also scientific knowledge by allowing people to keep their diaries secret ... So I don't want anyone to know when there is a big source of coal and diamonds directly under my hometown, because then it won't be a town for long. Also Mrs Abram didn't mention the invasiveness of sonar. It's very, very, very loud. Literally loud enough to kill.

[@Ketraar]

@@joelmiller3996 Its actually a good example, yes we created a tool of mass destruction, but also the means to power whole swats of land with reasonably clean energy. So yes you can always take information and use it for nefarious reasons, but you also can just not do it.

[@supayambaek]

@@joelmiller3996 people really be overestimating the atomic bomb the destruction caused lmao. if anything, it's pure destructive capability has been forcing every country to be peacefully coexisting with each other. It's a good thing that our fear of its power kept us tamed and humble.

[@igortumbas2769]

Hey there Cleo! I had a pleasure of seeing a Concorde fly in the early 2000s. My father in law (RIP) was driving myself and my wife to Heathrow airport and I heard this tremendous sound which was clearly coming from an aircraft, but unlike anything I've heard before. The Concorde was on a landing approach. I distinctly remember seeing it parked on the taxiway when we got onto the terminal. Little did we know that we just saw one of the last flights of this magnificent plane. Now, smaller, faster than sound, less fuel intensive aircraft make a lot of sense to me. I'm wondering though whether they can be commercially viable as most of the airlines make money by transporting cargo goods alongside with our luggage. Do you think the industry would be keen to adopt a new aircraft of this design? Keen to know your thoughts. Keep going! Love your enthusiasm!

[@arinnagarwal2590]

It would be an interesting take to plit up infamous ocean spots first to spot detail. The first one that comes to my mind is Bermuda Triangle

[@Burbsi]

once i saw the movement of whales fleeing from submarines and ships that use intense sonar i can't stop thinking about it, every time i hear stuff like mapping with ultrasound. I've never seen a whale and my country doesn't even border on any ocean but that just stuck with me...

[@Culpride]

Second that.

[@sfowler1017]

Yes! My first thought. It must be awful for pretty much everything that lives there.

[@myyou7335]

Same thoughts. I can't comment on the main thread but I was wanting to comment how harmful sonar is to marine mammals. Kill some wildlife to get the ocean mapped???

[@d.e.b.b5788]

@@myyou7335 It works both ways. A sperm whale's 'clicks' that they use to communicate with other whales, can supposedly reach 230 decibels, which can kill any human divers (or, I suppose anything else) near where it direct the sound. The ocean is a dangerous place. I wonder if the whales know how much their simple communication sounds can damage other living things; whales are supposedly pretty smart.

[@lipinskirl]

Imaging sonar does Not harm marine life. You are thinking of active identification sonar used by militaries. Imaging sonar is between 100 and 1800 kilohertz and is Not the same thing. Imaging sonar is completely safe. It’s the same technology used in ultrasound for babies.

[@letterengineer]

I was fascinated by your Short on this topic and followed your advice to watch this longer video. I’m so glad I did. I learned so much. Both of you did an excellent job of collaborating on this piece. Excellent journalism.

[@njjeff201]

When I go on a cruise I cannot take my eyes off my surroundings. Our oceans are so intriguing even though I can’t see below the surface; it just draws me in. I shoulda been an oceanographer like I wanted to be. TY Cleo!! 🚢

[@balkedaquino1268]

I've been seeing you on shorts forever but I'm glad I finally clicked through and watched your long form stuff. That was a great video

[@dcterr1]

I love your quote at 12:56, "I don't think that we can be afraid of knowledge for fear of what we'll do with it.", and I completely agree! I think we need to be much more afraid of ignorance and what we can do with it!

[@tmt8425]

“Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.”

[@joelowthianYT]

Cleo, I'm always so impressed at your videos. Your editors and motion graphics artists need some serious love because the visuals in your videos are always outstanding. Truly one of the best channels out there.

[@helenTW]

I just found your channel and I must say that you have the most interesting, easily understandable and fun science videos! Your energy lights up the whole video and it just makes it so fun to watch :)

[@AbSti11Aws0m3]

You have made me adore the ocean, and I thank you for that! This is now one of my favourite topics which I would further like to investigate. Please post more videos regarding this topic! I thank you, and wish you well!

[@aidanthomas3627]

For anyone that wants to learn more, Laura Trethewey published a book a few months ago called The Deepest Map. Excellent book that covers this topic in more depth.

[@shoutucker3726]

ive read that. its really amazing

[@kingace6186]

From 6 to 25 percent of the ocean floor mapped. Now that's progress.

[@NoferTrunions]

When you mentioned Challenger Deep as the deepest part, I was surprised that no mention of the Marianas Trench was made. You might have said in 1951, the deepest spot in the Marianas Trench was found and named Challenger Deep.

[@casioprince1996]

Goodness gracious Cleo, I've recently discovered your channel and have dove head first into the rabbit hole and I gotta say, I really admire your enthusiasm for knowledge and discovery. You bring such a fresh and optimistic persepctive to the world and I think it refelcts the more beautiful side of humanity. You're a true gem with a beautiful mind, so keep shining yor light into our world as you inspire us to do likewise.

[@corne1717]

The Dutch company named Fugro is market leader when it comes to imaging the ocean depths. They were also hired to find MH370. Dutchies once again on top when it comes to their fight with the water 😌 Fun fact that I heard from a Fugro employee, who gave a guest lecture at university, is that they measure much more than just the ocean depth. These accoustig waves can also propagate through the interior of the ocean surface and see what kind of materials lie below it.

[@filmcmra6907]

Malaysia’s flight being mentioned here makes my heart warmm😭 its is crazy how big the ocean is

[@saartjes7217]

Wonderfully explained with such an amazing energy of wanting more listening to other videos. Just subscribed. I love hearing about the sounds of the oceans. There many to know. Thank you. I begin my day less dummy.

[@mamoru1836]

Such an excellent job pn this video! Props to you and your team truly, the visuals, production, everything done so well

[@hwadeiv]

Her optimism and attention to detail is huge* I hope her team grow so she can go on a weekly production schedule

[@kaimojepaslt]

it will end with her wanting ai. wont be needed these videos.

[@EvolutionBG]

@@kaimojepaslt not soon if true

[@Whatthe243]

Oh yeah so you really think That the surface of the ocean takes on the shape of the ocean floor. You gotta be something special to think that. water always finds its level!

[@EvolutionBG]

@@Whatthe243 She is talking about very small deviations.

[@AuxiliaryPanther]

​@@Whatthe243do you think air pressure is constant around the entire world at sea level, or do you believe in weather?

[@karentrethewey3011]

Sounds a lot like Laura Trethewey's thoroughly researched and recently published book, The Deepest Map.

[@pennyandluckpokerclub]

all this talk of contours and profiles has me blush. good show. I would like to use the type of illustration technique that Marie Tharp applied to the raw data to help interpret a project I'm developing around audio frequencies and human behaviors. one of the best books I've ever read is on illustrating quantitative data. I think the book is called something like that too. My long take on that was just how profound it is that our minds can piece complex data interactions, through our optical nerves. it's wild. ...what if our eyes are like the equivalent to usb ports. and we just ...connect to what we see for some period of time and recall it more quickly next time it comes up. wait... am I a machine?

[@asrael333]

Yes there is a need to map the ocean floor but due to tectonic shifts how often should maps be updated?

[@xan0075]

"I think we can't be afraid of knowledge for fear of what we would do with it." A quote worthy of remembering.

[@TK-gp1nz]

I have a question. Don’t these sonar devices emit such a loud sound that whales can go deaf from it? If so, it would’ve at least been worth being mentioned once while talking about them imo

[@allangibson8494]

Actually no - because whales are really loud too. Some whales can kill fish with sound alone.

[@danielriley7380]

Frequencies well outside the hearing range of most sea creatures are used. It’d be like trying to deafen a human with a dog whistle.

[@Zerbii]

Sonar can actually kill them.

[@allangibson8494]

@@Zerbii most sonar won’t. There is no need for it to be that loud. Whales on the other hand can be heard 400km away by military systems. The military don’t want to be. They put out 180 (blue whale) to 230dB (sperm whale) depending on species - loud enough to injure scuba divers. You will note that the absolute top end of military sonar is almost exactly as loud as a sperm whale. A lot of “research” doesn’t include that background data.

[@danielriley7380]

@@Zerbii​​⁠military grade sonar (for detect submarines at a distance without giving away the source) can research sonar works on much lower amplitudes.

[@SplitSniper7]

This is incredibly inspiring, I never thought much of maps but after watching this I have a new sense of appreciation for them.

[@utbdoug]

The amount of stuff I've learned from the Okeanos Explorer over the past few years on their ROV dives is insane. It was them that mapped that area off Alaska! And I'm a dummy on the internet. The people that are creating this are fantastic and immense in knowledge. I remember when COVID lockdowns were in effect, they released the information about these drones, and it was incredible to see how NASA technology for space is going to work for us in the ocean. I hope the Okeanos Explorer and EV Nautilus and the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration continue until long after I'm dead!

[@nzredwolf4048]

I cannot help but be reminded by this video of another depressing human-caused issue. So you know when you go underwater in the ocean and there is all this sound, well this sound is human caused due to the use of ships, and mainly sonar. It was reported that back before this technology existed, that under the sea was described as a silent tranquil place. That is quite frightening how humans managed to change the entirety of such a massive thing, noticeable from every point in the world.

[@mqib681]

Us humans are more monstrous than any other species out there

[@bow_wow_wow]

Did you say there is nowhere you can go in the world where you can't hear man-made sound? I'm trying to understand what that means. If I go to a nearby beach on the Atlantic or the Narragansett Bay and put my head under water, I can't hear those sounds myself. What is the lowest power instrument I can use to hear such noise? (I do know that submarine sonar _can_ be heard with the ear alone for miles.)

[@BV-jq2vg]

Actually the ocean is very noisy from corral reefs, tectonic plates moving, underwater volcanos, whales, fish, seals, etc. Real Science is another great channel and they did a cool video about it

[@d.s.ramirez6178]

Cleo, I thoroughly respect your skills and approach. I’m worried however that this video doesn’t answer a question that haunts me about ocean mapping and data production. What if any harm does all of that sonar noise do to the whales and other marine creatures which have incredibly sensitive hearing that serves as a critical part of their sensory life? I have heard that just the military use of booming sonar, which travels great distance underwater can deafen or confuse these beautiful beings. Could you explore this question? Thank you so much.

[@notapplicable-zn9us]

Concerning mapping the ocean floor Cleo; snapping her fingers and thumbs in urgency “We still haven’t done that for most of the Ocean, and we need to step up” Time 10:00

[@nodirbekdadamirzayev2724]

10:30 the animation is absolutely gorgeous

[@erikcourtney1834]

Imagine what we could accomplish if we all (all countries) worked together as 1 species.

[@ianwilliams4507]

You normally make a huge effort to show all sides, but in this, there is no mention of the harm to wild life. Here in Western Australia, Oil and Gas companies are about do this in a Whale area even though the risk to the Whales is very high.

[@jasongarcia2140]

She literally just mentioned damage to marene life what are you talking about, watch again

[@sunflower_7753]

Love how the whole video is interesting and gives lots of information. I'm not fod of the ocean or bodies of water coz of how dangerous it is but I do love learning about it and watching it from afar

[@PlongeurHyperactif]

Thanks for your video, nice job. I love water (ocean, lakes, ...) and I love diving everywhere. So your video was really interesting for me 🙏

[@DukeLeto10191]

Correction: the world's first sonar transducer was the Fessenden Oscillator, developed by Canadian inventor Reginald Fessenden, and first successfully tested in Boston Harbor in 1912. Behm developed his own around the same time and obtained a patent in 1913, but Fessenden got his in the water and working first. Additionally, the sonar systems used by the Allies during the U-Boat Campaign in WWI were based on Fessenden's designs. :)

[@LFredrikJonsson]

Regarding sonar, please look into sonars effect on whales, is it a myth that sonar can make them deaf? Cause of stranding whales that they cannot navigate? Maybe a depressing story and not ur cup of tea… your stories are uplifting and interesting, keep up the great work!

[@fobbitoperator3620]

Me Cleo is 1 of the rare KZbinrs who seems to genuinely love the topics of the videos, as she seems like a little who has walked into her 1st legit toy store, as she runs around touching each toy saying, "this is my favorite!" Her energy when she narrates, along with the actual knowledge shared keeps me clicking like...the like button!

[@Indecisiveness-1553]

I love how there’s so much more to the ocean than it seems at first blush.

[@mikesander8551]

This is VERY similar to a book I just finished - The Deepest Map by Laura Trethewey. If this sparked your curiosity the book is a terrific read!

[@richardfrieman]

No remarks about the potential effects on marine mammals if we significantly increase sonar surveillance?

[@KitBits]

This video was an absolute delight!! The editing is super clean, the way you explain things is crystal clear and you invoked both my insane thalassophobia and my curiosity of the oceans at the same time. Literally brilliant!

[@mayrokratt6195]

you are so cute!!! leme bred you

[@nigl2807]

Just found your videos. Like wow. Great presentation, very information and so much energy. Thanks for your videos. Subbed (PS johnnys videos are awesome too ahha)

[@willowPAPA]

A lot of mapping has been done here in New Zealand, after finding a large mass of submerged land called zealandia, debated as the 8th continent

[@Appletank8]

all hail kiwiland

[@nikethanavattikunta6147]

Woah, that's so cool!

[@NeonAltar]

When you really think about it, it's so much more interesting than finding life out in space. I'm so curious to know what lives in the deepest parts of our oceans. Maybe after we map it, it might be easier to find out.

[@Nostrudoomus]

Accurate mapping of the ocean 🌊 will allow us to say that the ocean depths FLEX as more or less water 💦 fills them, thus, sea level rise is much much much much much more complex than anyone has considered.

[@LoveInYourMouth]

Watching these videos is the closest I can get to bedtime stories that I missed as a child….but as an adult. I love these and your excitement.

[@michaelperrigo]

Cleo, your genuine excitement for science and wonder floor me. It's infectious and I love watching your videos. Thank you for being so damn curious and doing the work.

[@notallowedtobehonest2539]

Kukc

[@CheeseWithMold]

This is a great video, but I would've loved to hear about how increased sonar mapping of the ocean floor affects ocean life. A lot of marine animals have a super good sense of hearing, and the constant pinging from the mapping can and does affect them negatively. Marine wildlife has been known to avoid natural feeding zones because they can't stand the sound of the sonar.

[@bigboss-tl2xr]

Just like honeybees not being able to stand 5G🤔

[@Vnoxdev]

For the mapped area per pixel comparison between mars and ocean, with 5 meter pixel edge length you have 25 square meters of area per pixel. And for ocean you have 1500 meter edges length that’s 2.25 million square meters per pixel (or around 2 square kilometers). That’s 90000 times less detail. Not 300 times.

[@bulletslive7166]

Great effort taken by you.Really Informative video about the gigantic oceans

[@nickwong2525]

Watching this video has reminded me that the MH370 disappearance happened almost a decade ago. As a Malaysian, that brief mention definitely hits hard. Great video by the way, love infographic explanations!

[@freeflyer1809]

How gross we’re in a society where we’re afraid to map the ocean floor because we’re afraid of what the rich might do with it. I’d rant but that’s about it summed up. Have a lovely day ❤

[@NathanThaddeus]

You are incredible! I just found your channel I watched your study on CERN, fenomenal Love this video as well so far Looking forward to seeing more!

[@Lampe2020]

I hope those maps also incorporate local 3D models of specific points of interest on the ocean floor, like e.g. models of the Titanic or other sunken ships with an accuracy of a few centimeters.

[@anupamnigam8575]

Hi Cleo! Just wanted to say how much I enjoyed your video on oceans and their maps. It was incredibly informative and eye-opening! Your passion for the subject really shines through, and I appreciate how you broke down complex concepts in such an engaging way. Keep up the fantastic work, Cleo! You're making a real difference in educating people about our beautiful oceans.

[@ojeshsrivastav5660]

The energy you deliver in each of your videos is HUGE, you are able to transfer the excitement to your audience, really appreciable , keep up the good work. We are always ready for some optimistic science and tech stories.....

[@johnt84]

I love the editing in your videos! Our ocean has always intrigued me.

[@Zeuseus6609]

That sea surface topography estimation thing is so cool. Also loved the 'If you want Aliens' line, cos yeah, deep ocean creatures be wacky as hell

[@sneakers_guy5488]

Imo this is one of (if not) the best series on KZbin, thank you Cleo and team for putting this out there. The world is pretty cool.

[@philipu150]

It's so refreshing for someone like me to hear the cultural optimism. Yes, indeed, we need to end the conflicts and look up to the stars and down into the oceans to discover more about our beautiful universe. Stay with it, Cleo. We'll get there. Most of the world is saying it out loud now; some are just not listening, because their identities are entrenched in ideologies that are not, shall we say, generous.

[@neilfleming2787]

I've actually seen 2D seismic sections for much of the coastal areas of the World (raw data taken from data from the late 60's and early 70's). I was stunned at the views of the offshore profiles that even that data gave

[@Tologroove94]

Do you think muon radiographies (or something of the sort) could find applications in this field? I loved your content btw. This is the first longer video I watch. Defo a new follower from now. Thanks for showing the bright side of science: I wish there were more scientists like this.

[@PickleRick65]

Starting in the 1950s the Soviet Navy started making hyper accurate maps of the ocean floor. This was the case until the Soviet collapse. This has been known in navel circles since the 50s/60s. You want to know what's going on down there, get some old Soviet sea maps...

[@theprinceofinadequatelighting]

Great video as always. I always appreciate the optimism in these videos in part because it gets people excited for the amazing things that lie ahead of us, which is honestly a sentiment that is much scarcer than our need for it. We need more like this. I do however think that our optimism needs to be paired with care and awareness of the potential impacts of the things we're getting excited about. We do need to understand our planet better and mapping the oceans is one important component of that. Another side of that coin of understanding the planet is a responsibility to the species we share it with. The use of high-powered sound devices in the ocean can be _extremely_ disruptive for oceanic life - whales of course use sound for communicating long-distance (another thing we really should study more closely) and sonar can disrupt their migration, feeding, mating, and other crucial behaviors. We've known for decades now that "mass strandings" of whales are caused by sonar. I wonder if we can minimize the impacts of these sonar mapping activities, or if there are possible alternative methods for exploration and mapping of the oceans. Yes, mapping the ocean is an extremely important part of understanding our world. We also need to be aware of the the effects of the things we do, and that goes for far more than just the effects of sonar: that includes the massive CO2 emissions absorbed by and acidifying the ocean; the immense masses of waste dumped into the oceans; the mass extraction of resources; _et cetera ad nauseum._ We know that those impacts exist, and while they pose a much, much greater threat than things like sonar exploration, it's not like their magnitude justifies a smaller harm. Perhaps an unfortunate metaphor, but a cancer patient can still have their day ruined by a stubbed toe. Our exploration methods should not be that stubbed toe. (And let's not read _too_ deep into it by making a 1:1 comparison of the long-termness or exact proportion of magnitude: the point is big bad doesn't make small bad good). I guess what I'm saying is that I just hope that by the time we get a clear picture of the depths of the ocean, that the picture we get is one that still contains the abundant and beautiful ecosystems we know are down there.

[@amanakjjain3279]

I have just been watching her on shorts and this was my first time watching a full length video of her and gotta say it she is an absolutely amazing host . Makes such an topic so much more interesting.

[@AnuragHegde]

We are trying to Explore other planets but till date we are failing to explore our own. Which also makes me feel that we humans are so interested in other matters than our own matter.

[@Justin-fk6br]

Johnny Harris introduced me to this channel so its nice to see they're still collaborating.

[@tnan123]

The ocean is amazing. Awesome to see all the work to map the seafloor and crazy to think how much more info we will have. Great video.

[@fian92]

I'm a geophysics student and one of your shorts led me here to watch this video, while I know 3 basic laws or principles of wavelength such as snellius, fresnel and fermat. I'm curious about the principles of this bulging sea surface if there are mountains underneath, someone please explain to me the principles that working on this phenomenon, it will be even better if the physical calculation/formulas of the said principles are included, is it have something to do with water viscosity?

[@barrybaker2963]

Cleo, wow, can't believe I've only just discovered you! I see you becoming a huge influencer (well, even bigger than you already are)! Great job at making this info so engaging... brava!!