The Odd Physics of Pouring Soda in Ice

In this video I show you why when you pour soda in ice you can get temperatures colder than both the ice or the soda!
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*Any experiment you try is at YOUR OWN RISK. The Action Lab assumes no responsibility for any injury if you attempt anything you see in this video or on The Action Lab channel.

[@kyanj8405]

The action lab: *has a mustache* Everyone: impossible

[@llawliet5921]

@@sushen1931 why r you shouting!!

[@xenobyteedm9761]

@@llawliet5921 report them for spam. Self promotion is not ok.

[@phant0]

He's slowly turning into Ron Swanson

[@Capt_Chaos_91]

It’s nasty looking, and not in a good way....

[@ahmedsyed3436]

I thought I was hallucinating

[@PremKhunt]

"Salt doesn't melt ice, it dissolves ice" My whole life is a lie...

[@sushen1931]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/fnnIgmqtp9J6nLc WHAT IF THE MOON WAS NOT THERE?!? WATCH HERE!!!

[@JuNkyMuNky60]

How didn’t you know this lol. I feel like this is common knowledge since it’s such a common misunderstanding at first.

[@queensaharaice7376]

@@JuNkyMuNky60 ...I feel like your comment is contradicting🤔😆

[@kinnlmk]

Ice dissolves the salt. Ice is the solvent not the solute.

[@Daesarul]

Yes salty kids in the chat melt my eyes

[@mxbu1767]

Me: doesn't understand too much Also me: *_interesting.._*

[@plus-9]

Mauricio Betancourt me too

[@ShadowRaptor42]

Same

[@savingfoam7979]

Then your noob.

[@gammergames3322]

You have a roblox pfp so I would expect that you don't understand much

[@fourierrocket]

Makes me want to go make some homemade ice cream.

[@maymunismacil8212]

Hahahahaha

[@andregon4366]

You can make ice cream quickly by using a CO2 fire extinguisher. Blow the fire extinguisher CO2 into a pillow sleeve or some kind of cloth bag and the CO2 will solidify inside. Then all you need is to add the dry ice to the soon-to-be ice cream and stir. It will solidify in less than 5 minutes.

[@mariadefatimajesusdorea3141]

Ice fhf

[@isokayz]

The stache makes you look like Flanders.

[@brando3342]

@Ozmataz Grozes Okely Dokely neighbour!

[@TibrisXVII]

Looks like he's gonna sell me a brand new 1978 Buick Skylark

[@arham-abbas]

TheActionLab:- "If you don't have Calcium Chloride you can also use Sodium Chloride. Also TheActionLab:- *PROCEEDS TO EXPLAIN WHY IT ISN'T SUCH A GOOD IDEA*

[@unmanaged]

so your telling me we are not melting ice in winter time, we are just dissolving it ... that is awesome...

[@Sirfarlz74]

Also the Ice is colder than 0°C. Water becomes solid at 0°C, but we freeze it to a lower temp in our freezers. If you took ice from a -10°C environment vs. ice from a -0.1°C environment your results would differ, wouldn't it?

[@dream.machine]

The Action Lab has the best scientific experiments ever!!

[@JupiterKnight]

bruh

[@kshamakate6773]

He's a PhD in Chemistry. It's normal for him

[@manan-543]

@@kshamakate6773 wait I think he had a masters in chemical engineering. But I'm not sure about the PhD.

[@KinkyLettuce]

@@kshamakate6773 then why the fk does he this this simple thing wrong? this guy just assumed all ice must be at 0c 6:03 "right now its -0.5c, this might not exactly pure water thats why it is a little bit below 0c right now" This is terribly wrong and I cant believe he gets this simple thing wrong. Water freeze at 0c, absolutely does NOT mean it cannot go below 0c. You wouldnt think ice will perpetually stay at 0c in a -8c freezer would you? What about ice from -50c Antarctica? forever at 0c? You realize how wrong his explanation is?

[@harishgajipur672]

Basically what the solute does is it just decreases the freezing point and it is not dependent on the nature of solute and purely on the amount of solute added. That is what the colligative property is.

[@morelhunter3966]

I like turtles.

[@humanbeing1429]

I love Colgate more than Pepsodent because It has salt in it. Now go make your own bideo😂

[@henryherrera88]

And the lower temperature is due to the fact that the melting water absorbs heat when it changes states. That is what latent heat means.

[@manan-543]

Yeah. The colligative property is a way to look at it. But maybe the explanation for the lowering of melting point is what is given by action lab in the video.

[@manan-543]

@@henryherrera88 not exactly true. Latent heat is the heat absorbed during a change of state. So from ice to liquid(melting of ice). That doesn't change the temperature. The correct term would be enthalpy of dissolution.

[@mahmoudwidian1962]

He’s finna make all of us scientists

[@youngxn_jay5265]

Fr

[@radicalxedward8047]

Finna... seriously...

[@chipskylark8869]

Finya binya

[@deathcraft2299]

Gonna?

[@bushbladesnbows.2378]

Ya think he ment gonna

[@levifagundes3076]

I just wanted to let you know thank you for making these videos they always make my day some how and have a good day and stay safe

[@macx5864]

Yes his hard work shud be appreciated 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻🥳

[@Redditard]

We all are safw thnx u

[@vinna2k884]

The thermometer is a paid actor😎

[@BEBAY]

Underrated comment lol that’s funny

[@plus-9]

Yep

[@andricode]

Ok

[@surreal_g420]

So could you make a fridge with this?

[@jpe1]

It's Delicious broadly speaking, yes. Albert Einstein has a patent on a refrigerator that uses water, ammonia, and butane with no moving parts that is based on the principle of absorption and phase change moving heat. Also, have you ever made ice cream with a hand crank ice cream maker? It works on exactly this principle, with just ice and rock salt you can get ice cream down to -20°.

[@onradioactivewaves]

You can use ice for an icebox, the predecessor to a fridge.

[@brando3342]

@Musketeer Oliver Ammonia is fairly corrosive.

[@dragonbullets2763]

@Musketeer Oliver idk might cost too much , people might not like having liquid inside of their fridge

[@Theguywithspectacles]

Fridge of the future?

[@mxbu1767]

Looks like some people got cool stuff to do while in quarantine...

[@SriDinushow]

Nah its freezing 😅

[@cunihinmangihin2215]

Damn, that's ice cold, man :v

[@WesPoppin__]

It’s weird how you can make something colder then ice, WITH ICE

[@jurusco]

Ice starts at 0c but doesn't mean it stops there, the ice on your fridge is probably colder than 0c.

[@ACE112ACE112]

than*

[@wolfpriest6954]

It's cool

[@DANGJOS]

Chemistry is cool.

[@DANGJOS]

@@jurusco While that's true, it's not what he was talking about.

[@Chris_Cross]

I'm so glad he used Celsius. If he had used Fahrenheit, I would have had no clue what he was talking about.

[@richardo422]

Haha I remember being kids and putting salt on our hands and then a ice cube on top to see who could last longer. BUT it taught me a lesson in endothermics and I use it all the time. I'm a cook so if I ever need a portable cooled tray I fill it with ice and a little salt and its basically as cool as any line fridge. I would love to see you do more videos about salt and how it reacts with stuff. Haha I like the way you do everything in your videos! And I'm a picky person so thank you thank you thank you!

[@GraveUypo]

great way to get frostbite unless you were pussies and dropped it too quickly, obviously.

[@mariadefatimajesusdorea3141]

Mark fhfch

[@joseavila5034]

Apart from being exothermic/endothermic, the temperature goes below 0° because freezing point is a colligative property. As more solute is added, the freezing point goes lower and lower. Otherwise it would be impossible to have a water/ice mixture below 0°C

[@nikoappsmuggred7220]

i haven't watched this channel in a while.. im surprised budget super mario is now the host.

[@bradleyfitzik3603]

I learn something new every day when I watch this channel's videos!☆☆☆☆☆

[@jackpenna4025]

The sodium chloride heats it up? doesnt your mixing heat it up when you mixed the sodium chloride in?

[@alexm.6148]

Still not sold on the stache yet, but that doesn't stop the videos from being great as ever.

[@F_L_U_X]

"You're as cooold as ice!" With that mustache...

[@S_--]

I think it's just me that thinks that he did a real Good job on getting that moustache. Seriously, it looks great!

[@siebevandekerkhove9863]

It kinda looks like a group of people gathering ngl

[@jerijayz3929]

Yep he be rocking that porno biker stach quite well

[@poonthalirkathiresan652]

No one: Literally no one ActionLab with a moustache

[@dinosaurdrew7431]

Finally someone answer this question for me. It has confused me for years. God job.

[@patniemeyer]

I think you are potentially missing another factor here which is that the ice right out of the freezer is not at 0C but more like -18C. You can't measure the temp of the ice from the water because the water instantly freezes to create an insulating layer around it. When you dissolve the ice you make a homogeneous mixture that is the average of the water temperatures (accounting for density differences). I would be interested to see you repeat the experiment with ice that you know is right at 0C and see how much temp change is actually due to the endothermic reaction.

[@onradioactivewaves]

I thought the salt was the solute. It sure does melt the ice, by lowering the freezing temperature of the solution. You also are adding heat, by adding a substance at a higher temperature. You added a mass with a positive temperature.

[@joseavila5034]

Right, it's the freezing point that changes due to the presence of a solute

[@onradioactivewaves]

@@joseavila5034 after thinking about it more, I think the salt may initially be the solvent at the first point of contact, but then becomes the solvent as there is a a salt water solution. The salt water solution becomes colder than the ice, and the melting likely occurs due to the interaction with the salts (solute) ions. So I can agree with his explanation being plausible, but being somewhat under-explained.

[@cahidijoyoraharjo7833]

His quarantine mustache... dissolves my cold heart.

[@Booyakasha5]

What's up with the mustache man? You look like you're going to hunt pablo escobar lol Awesome video as usual! 👍👍👍

[@chickenmonger123]

InDaHouse Very Miami Vice.

[@seeseefok7659]

lol

[@jaybhanushali5362]

Can we also add the concept of The colligative peoperty of depression in freezing point here.....?

[@DANGJOS]

What do you mean? That the depression in freezing point is part of the reason? In a sense, yeah I guess.

[@jaybhanushali5362]

@@DANGJOS yes

[@cyrilbrunner8019]

Cool video! Just a side remark to your statement at the very beginning: pure water melts always at 0 °C (or 0.01 °C), but it very rarely freezes at 0 °C. In fact, pure water freezes at -38 °C. To freeze between 0 and -38 °C it needs an ice nucleating particle/ surface defect. This is very important for precipitation formation in clouds and responsible for the largest uncertainty in climate models;)

[@Xeno_Bardock]

Can you do a video on cavendish experiment in a vacuum chamber?

[@kirenireves]

But the ice in the beaker was actually colder than -0.5 C and the air around the temp probe means the probe was insulated. Only the surface of the ice is in equilibrium with water at 0 C, the bulk inside the ice cube is colder. When you added the liquid the actual temperature was closer to the ice's bulk temperature. Solute in a liquid lowers its freezing point, so the solution of ice and liquid can more closely reflect the true temp of the ice without freezing. Same on a winter sidewalk. If the outside temp is - 18 C (0 F) the ice is also at -18 C. So when you add salt it still stays at -18 C but converts from solid to liquid because the salty liquid freezes below -18 C. There is heat of dissolution when the salt melts, and that forms some water, but then the salt dissolved in the water cools back to the temp of the bulk ice and stays liquid since the salty water doesn't freeze at -18 C. It's the conversion from solid to liquid water that clears the sidewalk, not "melting" the ice.

[@gabor6259]

Very interesting concept, haven't even heard of it. Thanks for sharing it.

[@MrWorkinguy]

Also important to note the temperature of the ice itself since that is a limiting factor to how cold your solution can get. On that note have you tried pouring water over sometime that has been sitting in liquid nitrogen? I bet that would be pretty cool. Great video as always!

[@urjitgupta2600]

Heyyy..please MAKE A VIDEO ..-> ICE CUBE IN VACUUM CHAMBER...!!!!

[@randimatthews8092]

This isnt to be mean but you kind of look and sound a bit like Ned Flanders hehe

[@hijmestoffels5171]

If you de-ice the windshield of your car by spraying something on it, ice can form on the inside because of cooling down the glass to subzero temperature. Same effect.

[@brettaspivey]

How do you come up with all of your ideas?? I can see coming up with a few, but you come up with hundreds a year. Amazing

[@mddell58]

THAT, is very interesting! Thanks. Have a great day. 👍

[@DarkMage2k]

I've not seen the video yet and I'm just gonna say you're gonna do an endothermic reaction

[@DANGJOS]

Correctomundo

[@totesnosus6345]

r/iamverysmart

[@LupeSunglass]

ok

[@DarkMage2k]

@@totesnosus6345 or just an interesting guess using highschool science knowledge?

[@jwhite973]

Look at the big brain on Brad!

[@skateordie9628]

The visual analogy of me understanding everything that was said here is like having a puzzle half finished and with a few pieces missing.

[@sef2273]

Salt lowers the melting point of water not dissolving it?

[@louf7178]

Yes, I'm lost, and I'm not sure this is right.

[@fintux]

This is at least what I have been taught. If it was just dissolving, then it would freeze again after that is done. Instead the melting point is shifted and thus it depends on the concentration of the salt (or other impurity) that what is the new melting point. There's a bit more thorough explanation here: sciencing.com/sugar-melt-ice-5764444.html

[@aangpro01]

The Action Labs : Posts Everyone: Rushes straight to the comments Me : Road to 2k

[@sweatyjoe5747]

I subbed you and what will happen if you reach 100K subs without any video ?

[@sanchit7493]

@@sweatyjoe5747 nothing

[@djehuty7771]

Can't wait for the 1M subscribers

[@Omar-no3vb]

Because the comments are always hilarious here

[@CahyoPrabowo]

Imagine youtube sending golden badge / award without content

[@hippo-potamus]

The real question is how to prevent the ice from nucleating and reducing the sodas carbonation???? Id rather have a less cold carbonated soda than a colder flat soda. Yes the cold reduces the CO2 escape but the ice microholes create more, so how do we pour, or form the ice, etc to prevent the formation of bubbles on the ice surface?? Pour water over the ice first to "smooth" them out? Reduce the number of cubes used?

[@flyingflapjack5133]

That's how we make ice cream at home.

[@ARSZLB]

“on the surface of all that ice on your driveway is liquid water” looks like somebody’s never experienced a blizzard in the middle of a 10F night in New York...

[@louf7178]

I didn't think that was right, either.

[@Darkev77]

This has to be one of the best videos you made, very interesting! Though I believe you missed the concept of freezing point depression.

[@Eurok666]

So if I had some ice in soda I could build some temporary fridge ?

[@sWooSH_wHooSH]

Salt doesn't melt ice, it dissolves ice My brain: oh ok...wait what

[@omsingharjit]

I today's experiment topic was sodium bicarbonate , and i find this which is also about soda ;)

[@USSInferno]

How do you plan and learn all of this amazing science for your videos?

[@leniterfortis4832]

Does the increase in temperature from the calcium chloride balance out the decrease in temperature from the ice dissolving, or does one change more than the other?

[@WouterVerbruggen]

A nice demonstration of a basic dilution refrigerator. Which in itself is a great demonstration of how all thermodynamics is just cleverly using entropy! A dilution refrigerator with a He-3 and He-4 mixture is a nice technology for sub-K cooling.

[@quintopia]

Good to get a more detailed explanation of why rock salt is used in the making of ice cream

[@YCbCr]

Interesting approach. Now to test it, since - if I get it correctly - the less pure the water/fluid is, the colder it may get: put some ice in regular, sugar-based soda/cola and in low-calorie soda. There is much more impurity (sugar, by weight) in the regular than the low-cal, so in theory it could get colder. (If I had to guess, if it's true, it would do about 1 °C difference.)

[@mike1024.]

There's one factor not mentioned. Probably most freezer ice is about 0°F, which is sufficient. However, the drop in temperature is in the liquid. The mixing was supplying the capability to get colder, but the ice was actually cooling the liquid mixture.

[@Mhas-co2gm]

Iv learnt more from here in lockdown than the school work and in general

[@kimmstiny.]

This guy teached me more things than my physics and chemistry teacher

[@MikeEnIke007]

I dont even know why I bother to watch these videos. I end up more confused after he explains things

[@spiderdude2099]

Another way to think of it is this: Water can’t get colder than 0C and stay liquid, once it hits 0 it turns into solid water. Additionally when it goes from liquid to solid it actually releases energy. This energy goes towards not letting the temperature go below 0. However when you add salt, you allow the ice to go from solid to liquid without a temperature increase which actually absorbs energy and results in liquid that is colder than solid ice.

[@ryanm8764]

I'm not well educated but I have a question. Does stirring cause friction that heats up the water?

[@Marko_Djuricic]

Yes and he has a video on that topic also where he boils water by mixing it in a blender

[@guythat779]

Yeah but it ain't gonna be much and it's not exactly "friction"

[@ryanm8764]

Oh okay thanks guys

[@ryanm8764]

@@guythat779 is there a word for what it's called?

[@fireskiter1778]

If u have a discord join the science and tech server you'll help people out pretty good

[@calebgrach1750]

Based on looks, I was waiting for him to say "come in my science van little children."

[@calebgrach1750]

Nah its actually props if he pulled that off 🤣

[@coolcycles]

Nice video, Flanders, especially for the kids! Good idea, to explain, why you have used something like calcium chloride, at least at the very end.

[@n0nenone]

&... In veritasium maybe, they've shown that on ice it's not proper solid liquid junction.. not sure tho.. but it would be nice if you explain

[@Min_MT]

Believe it or not, I learnt science from this guy more than my BSc course.

[@sebbes333]

Also, the reason why the now negative liquid doesn't freeze, is because the impurities lowers the temperature, but it ALSO lowers the freezing point even more. I don't know what the "new freezing point" temperature is & it probably depends on what you dissolve into the water, but I would guess somewhere about -20 to -50 degree Celsius, instead of at 0 degree.

[@louf7178]

0:10 Similarly, I believe this is why boiling water is such an EXCELLENT reference point in cooking - no thermometer, no fancy burner controls, reliable cook time suggestions.

[@55Ramius]

I guess they need to change the name on " Ice Melt " you can buy in the winter... : )

[@cathelenaa]

Can you make a video about how OnePlus 8 Pro X ray camera works?

[@andreigheorghe3204]

That's a weird explication. The solution gets colder because you put anhydrous cacl2 in the solution(which is a dehidratation agent). The Cacl2 forms a crystalohydrate(a more stable molecule that releases energy when formed thus the increase in temperature).the exact oposite happens when you dissolve a crystalohydrate in water. (It is endotermic process)

[@DANGJOS]

@Andrei Gheorghe That's not why the ice water gets colder. At least it's not the main reason.

[@JaiRam736]

Hey can you tell why big things appear to move slower

[@knutritter461]

M.Sc. of chemistry here... you can even calculate the molar weight of the salt by measuring that effect. Because that effect does not depend on the quality of salt but only on the amount of ions it consists of. So the same molar (!) amounts of NaCl and KCl have the same effect!

[@juanguio5932]

Hold up, would that just make it freeze itself?? Or not, because the salt changes the freezing point...

[@markholliday7019]

What about the sodium content of the soda? I suppose the one used doesn't have much and has little effect. I don't think any other indredient is as abundant as the suger in the soda. So does the sugar in the soda make a difference? Or is it only the concentration gradient of water that matters, because of the sugar?

[@DANGJOS]

@The Action Lab It would be cool if you could follow this up with a related video about pressure melting and cooling down ice. You could show how increasing the pressure causes ice to melt. I'm not sure if it's possible with your equipment, but would be cool.

[@TheActionLab]

Yes good point. I was considering talking about heat transfer or not, but I decided not to do my main point could be focused on. But the water can definitely be at different temperatures (and usually is) in the case of low convection.

[@DANGJOS]

@@TheActionLab Okay cool thanks. I assume this is a response to my other comment, but yeah.

[@ragingwillie483]

thank you for the easy to understand, comprehensive exlaination

[@thanhvinhle2893]

Ok so basically salt change solid ice -> liquid water and make it colder than ice (

[@anishmctavish8709]

I'm never gonna have a drink without reminding my friends about this😊

[@kandkmotorsports]

Great explanation! dirt race tracks put calcium chloride on the dirt to hold in the moisture, I have also seen municipalities put calcium chloride on dirt roads to keep dust down and more moisture in the dirt. How does this work???

[@cooleooo1532]

Can you do a episode testing if your iPhone truly runs slower after getting updated versus no updates at all.

[@owentate502]

Does this mean the effect would be greater with ice made of de-ionized water? It would be great if you could test that.

[@LibertyFirst1789]

There is a big debate about "salt ice" being better for a cooler. I say it gets colder initially but melts faster.

[@damascus-ut1ee]

Great video. It made me remember the one where you demonstrated solid sodium metal on ice. You explained that because of impurities and the temperature of water as a solid, there is always a microscopic layer of water on ice. This was proven when the sodium reacted on top of the ice. To freeze that microscopic layer, the ice has to be much, much colder. I believe you used liquid nitrogen to further freeze the ice, and the sodium metal no longer reacted on the surface of the ice because that water layer was then completely frozen.

[@zubindarbari4717]

It doesn't dissolve the ice, it decreases the melting/freezing point of ice, so water can go to a lower temperature before freezing & as ice needs to absorb heat to convert to water, it absorbs the heat surrounding it. This method was used in very old homemade ice makers. The amount of lowering of melting point depends on the ions present multiplied by van't hoff factor (basically valency).

[@mageshm3997]

Why he looks like tony starks father stark

[@FedeG86]

Because he must be his nephew. Take in count the Stark family comes from the times of Game of Thrones. 😜😁

[@nabrajlamichhane3596]

My KZbin physics teacher...love from Nepal...SLMH

[@balusamys3515]

How much low temperature we can reach by keep adding the calcium chloride or soda

[@ThePrufessa]

3:14 you've got some 'splainin' to do

[@whitealliance9540]

Great video, i love your ideas! You must be a teacher or smthn

[@DANGJOS]

@The Action Lab Interesting video as always. I just want to caution a notion presented here. It's not true that any heat you put in ice water will just melt more ice and keep the water the same temperature. The thermal conductivity of water isn't high enough for that. I mean, it is true if there's a lot of ice, but if you have a little ice on the surface of the water, the water can get warmer if you add heat. There will be some equilibrium temperature. This distinction is important for me anytime I'm melting dry ice for fun. The ice temperature isn't necessarily the same as the liquid CO2 temperature, and so the pressure may be higher than one might assume.

[@prest01]

make something colder than ice with ice? THIS MUST BE THE WORK OF AN ENEMY STAND

[@JayKnight]

This is why you use rock salt and ice water in an ice cream maker. You get sub-freezing water, that's still liquid enough to conduct heat out of the inner container.

[@WizardNumberNext]

2:00 I do expect temperature of water mixed with calcium chloride would drop below 0C, as such mixture freezes at -8C and there is pure water ice, which can receive energy in order to melt

[@lildarker4044]

i learned so much today, thank you

[@larryscott3982]

Q: what is the core temperature of the ice? If the ice was in a -10 C freezer and the solid ice at an homogeneous temp of -10, the pure water remains at 0, the outer most layer of the ice is also zero, and the core of the ice is absorbing heat. Adding a salt lowers the temp of the freezing point of the solution. So the question is “did the salt actually make the solution colder?” Or allow the solution to remain liquid as the heat is absorbed by the the -10 ice? Plz repeat that with ice that you know to have a core temp very near zero C.

[@martontichi8611]

Wow thanks! Very good explanation

[@uhbayhue]

Great experiment, but I wish the explanation was a bit more detailed, maybe talking about why the process is endothermic with molecular interactions instead of just stating so. Graphics would supplement the explanation nicely I think