The Origin of Primates

Now that we have some background information out of the way, we can really dig into the good stuff. Anthropology is concerned with the order Primates, so where did this order come from? What is the origin of primates? When did they emerge, and what did they first look like? This is a complicated question, but this is where we have to begin our journey, so let's take a look at what we know so far!
Script by Erika of Gutsick Gibbon: / gutsickgibbon
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[@Typhoneus.]

Came for the creationists, stayed for the science.

[@AlbertaGeek]

Creationists show up at evolution videos like ants show up at picnics.

[@Cody_Raye]

Same though. Was surprised by the breadth of his scientific videos

[@charliedoyle7824]

Came to make fun of the creationists. Also am impressed by Dave's ability to teach and make useful science videos.

[@Typhoneus.]

@@AlbertaGeekevolution is just like, a theory man!

[@kaantax8666]

Literally my experience lmfao

[@POLARTTYRTM]

I know the comment section has a big chance of being on fire in the next few days with all crazy stuff coming from creationists. I can't wait to check this out in a few hours/day. See you guys then.

[@waelfadlallah8939]

I'll keep you informed

[@AlbertaGeek]

Creationists show up at evolution videos like ants show up at picnics.

[@klqqlk-iw4hc]

Hey, I am a muslim, Islam has thousands of evidences and proofs for it validity and it authenticity, search on KZbin about : The Last Prophet - More than 1000 Evidences for the Validity of Islam - Full Video/Audiobook w/text by Dr. Haitham Talaat , this book also is a book in tge atheism criticism.

[@southernbrain691]

They struck my temples with a socket wrench in battle,be cautious!

[@logenvestfold4143]

I’m an undergraduate anthropology student and I’m working on an honors thesis that takes a critical look at the current taxonomic placement of species within Hominidae, basically asking the question are we using human exceptionalism to artificially push back our last common ancestor with chimpanzees further than what the molecular clock suggests in order to refrain from adding them to our genus Homo? Adding the two members of Pan to genus Homo has been proposed since 2001 by the late Dr. Goodman, which him and his team were responsible for making Ponglidae obsolete and adding all great apes to the family Hominidae as well as condensing gorillas into the subfamily Homininae and Pan and Homo into the tribe Hominini. I primarily take a critical approach utilizing a mixed-methods methodology using a systematic literature review while also critiquing the colloquial terms used in the articles noting when the term “ape” or “great ape” is used to either include or exclude humans. So I find videos like this one fascinating and informative.

[@noahdelo]

That’s a super cool thesis and I want to know more about this

[@sousa1534]

Same as my predecessor said, curious to hear/ read more

[@logenvestfold4143]

@@noahdelo I’m buried in research as it’s a lot to go into, but I have presented the introduction at an honors conference where I briefly covered the history of pithecophobia in academia and western society with political figures in America today rejecting evolution and our relationship to other apes. Then I explored the genetic and morphological similarities between Homo and Pan and mentioned how the current accepted theory of our last common ancestor with chimpanzees was a knuckle walker. I pointed out how the hip bone of Australopithecus and Ardipithecus are intermediate between humans and chimpanzees, and despite all findings of long armed fossil hominids said to be transitional between a knuckle walking apes and humans lacked the wrist bone necessary for knuckle walking. I pointed out how the similarities between us and orangutans imply a more basal common ancestor while chimps and gorillas are more derived fitting into their niches. I also pointed out that despite the molecular clock estimating a 4-6 million year split between us and chimpanzees, most researchers use the lack of ape fossils in the Miocene and the assumption of a knuckle walking ancestor to date the last common ancestor approximately 7-8 million years ago. Even know the genetic evidence shows were more closely related to chimpanzees than what lions are to tigers (according to identical base pairs) estimating about 3-5 million years split comparatively and still grouped together in the same genus. Then I challenged the concept of using the tradition use of the word “ape” being 1) being polyphyletic and scientifically inaccurate and 2) if the Felidae family is the cat family, and the Equidae family is the horse family, then the Hominidae is the human family consisting of eight extant species of humans. There’s a lot more involved with complex topics of ape hybridization and great ape personhood that also was covered in the discussion after that I can go more into later.

[@frankpulmanns6685]

I remember this being a point in Sir Terry Pratchett's "The science of Discworld" which he co-authored with two science writers. Except that they didn't elevate chimpansees to Homo genus, they downgraded humans to the Pan genus, calling humans Pan Narrans, the storytelling ape rather than "wise man". One can see where they were coming from.

[@logenvestfold4143]

@@frankpulmanns6685 I’ve read the same. I would agree however because of the rules of taxonomy the oldest name gets priority and Homo is older than Pan since Linnaeus grouped all Catarrhines from chimpanzees to vervet monkeys in genus Homo with humans.

[@sciencenerd7639]

thank you Dave and Erika!

[@PaulaBean]

I'm subbed to Erika too. Two-hour long discussions and explanation of scientific papers, I love it.

[@AlbertaGeek]

Erika is an absolute gem. Love her content.

[@glennpearson9348]

Erika is Gutsick Gibbon?

[@sciencenerd7639]

yes@@glennpearson9348

[@AlbertaGeek]

@@glennpearson9348 Yes.

[@foolishball9155]

Exactly what i learned a year ago in my biology class. This is a nice refresher.

[@pomegranatejuice6937]

fantastic video, I love digestible and informative videos about phylogeny and evolution like this!

[@gperm4941]

Hey professor dave! Wondering if you'd ever do a more detailed explanation of general relativity, I watched the modern physics playlist and while the quantum mechanics was great, the GR felt a bit unexplained

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

it's on the list! just need a good writer

[@tastethejace]

Hey Prof Dave, I recently bought your book (Is My Wifi Organic?) and I'm currently reading it. It's really good and informative! I only learned about it from a youtube comment, but I do see you have it linked at the bottom of the vid description. My humble recommendation is maybe have a couple secs of your vids making more people aware of it? The book does people a great service in science literacy and they should buy/read it! Thx!

[@AquaEclipse324]

Yippee! This was partially covered in my Human Biology course earlier this semester! I've already done the exam for that part of the course but it's always nice to revisit this.

[@krbaclpezo7069]

I watched your popular debates and laughed a lot thanks for that. I don’t get half of debate about life beginning but it was also fun. Great job man congrats.

[@Nxck2440]

I've never clicked faster in my life

[@Haiphong778]

Yaaaaas! Monkey time!!!! It's always so fun learning about these origins and anthropology dodads. I hope Dave goes up to and over Genus Homo, too. It's still really amazing and confusing how there got to be so many human-like critters but then we Homo Sapiens are the only ones what stuck.

[@lostfan5054]

Thanks for this series, Prof Dave

[@tornadomash00]

i've been waiting a while to ask this but are you going to continue the geology playlist? i loved looking forward to seeing new videos come from it, especially since im starting a geology degree in fall this year 🤩

[@tastethejace]

Good degree!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

I’m done with geology for now

[@tornadomash00]

​@@ProfessorDaveExplains:( alright, that's fine, still great to have it

[@jlankford]

Great summary.

[@saboorsafi2705]

TEACHER , I love you ❤ Everything that I need are here in your channel ❤

[@jordopia]

Love that colour gradient metaphor. I like to tell people to try to imagine 500,000 pictures of individuals down a hallway with a chimp at one end and a person at the other. Now make the necessary changes from picture to picture to make the chimp face morph to a person face incrementally. Would you be able to tell the difference from one person to the person immediately next to them since they have only changed 1/500,000th what about 2 over? What about 200 over? Now I tell them 200 over is the difference between them and someone who built the great pyramids. Just 499800 generations to go. Then I explain that our common ancestor with chimps wasn't a chimp actually and that the chimp is just a place marker for the thought experiment. My methodology is also loose and based on an estimated average of 20 years between generations from our LCA with chimps to now but it works for a thought experiment.

[@Alpharelic]

I love how everyone unanimously clicked the video to look for creationists in the comments but instead found themselves enjoying the video as well.

[@AlbertaGeek]

Creationists show up at evolution videos like ants show up at picnics.

[@jigsaw2253]

@@AlbertaGeekAdam is the first human, change my mind

[@AlbertaGeek]

@@jigsaw2253 Can't reason a person out of a position they didn't reason themselves in to in the first place.

[@kakahass8845]

@@jigsaw2253What would it take to change your mind?

[@tgstudio85]

@@jigsaw2253 *Adam is the first human, change my mind* So you were born out of incest kiddo, it shows.

[@Ratciclefan]

Nice video as always Also, "Purgatorius" is a really badass name for such a tiny animal lol

[@bainides]

this is great!

[@mokshshah1242]

Oh boy the creationist are gonna have a field day with this one

[@Pw7z]

Get ready to read recent comments, it's about to get fun!

[@AttilatheNun-xv6kc]

More of the usual sneers & snarls, attempted gotcha questions, biblical quotes and, of course, displays of basic ignorance. They play the game so predictably.

[@southernbrain691]

How goes the hunt?

[@DanielMWJ]

I knew most of this in general, but the early evolution of primates/pseudo-primates was all new to me!

[@NinjaMonkeyPrime]

Another collab with GG? Awesome.

[@normanmendez636]

*grabs bucket of popcorn*

[@user-im5qk6vs9l]

Welll, incase creationissts invade, Explain transition fossils. Explain chromosome similarity between apes and humans and horses and zebras and whales and dolphins

[@devincross3295]

Extremely interesting stuff

[@LunaryxDiarmait]

Purgatorius sounds like an animal that got stuck between others.

[@jwb932]

Hey, Dave. Did you see the Netflix special about the evolution of life? I thought it was good, but I'm glad you went into more detail about primates.

[@DumbJockQuaterback]

Netflix is shitballs.

[@Inertia888]

When I think about the formation of life on Earth, and I picture the Hadean, and Archean, lending their energy to the simmering rise in complexities, in the warm waters of the Proterozoic, I imagine the energy that must have been absorbed into so many, countless chemical reactions. Electrons zipping from one orbit, to the next. I can't help but to see a similarity, between the explosion of new life, at the Cambrian, and crystals falling out of saturated solution.

[@maxdoubt5219]

Look for accelerated speciation during times of rapid environmental change. Thus morphologically similar but genetically divergent parent & daughter species can be distinguished as pre vs post some volcanic eruption or ice age or, if our retroviruses can tell the tale, a disease epidemic.

[@bells3145]

I have human evolution this year it helps a lot ..... Thanks ....

[@an.d.m.a]

This'll trigger the theists

[@sr.365]

Huh

[@Minty1337]

@@sr.365 he specifically means creationists, the kind of people who will deny everything this video says is real, flat earther kind of stuff

[@farisakhtar4824]

Silly apes

[@farisakhtar4824]

Silly apes

[@gperm4941]

@@farisakhtar4824 the creationists you mean right

[@Ferst60]

Please make this mandatory teaching in all schools. Maybe we can deprogram the creationist cults

[@sciencenerd7639]

hooray new video

[@maxpig210]

Can you do a video on polyphoidy

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Check my biology playlist

[@jokaerojim1666]

Hey Dave, could you do a video covering the interesting history of diabetes research? From urine tasting to the insulin pump and everything in between! 🙂

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Check my history of drugs series

[@jokaerojim1666]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains thanks, I will! 😃👍

[@philsmith7398]

A bit dated "Prof". Eukaryotes from a fusion of Archaea and Bacteria, and endosymbiosis of another bacterium to form the plants. LUCA could not have eukaryotic then, as depicted with a nucleus and ER.

[@Reclaimer77]

I think I made a Creationists head explode the other day when I kept calling him a hominid. We're literally IN the ape family tree, and he just couldn't handle it. LMAO!

[@tastethejace]

I remember years ago a creationist idiot kept writing comments calling atheists "super monkey"s, thinking himself so clever in how he mocked us. Of course, he just kept exposing himself as a religious moron.

[@DanielMWJ]

Almost like they don't understand that hominid comes from homo. Ofc, then they'd probably be outraged that you're calling them gay. 🤦🏻

[@scienceexplains302]

Did you tell the creationist that a Christian (Linneaus) was the first to identify humans as apes in a classification system?

[@TJtheHuman]

I do wonder about the evolution of primate vision compared to other mammals. Our ancestors were probably the few who came out during the day during the Mesozoic.

[@paulgemme6056]

Be exalted, O Lord, in Your own strength! We will sing and praise Your power.

[@_massivemosscharger]

Sad I got here before the Christians

[@SnappyWasHere]

I brought popcorn, 🍿, let’s wait and watch the show.

[@ayemoe5842]

Being and edgy fedora atheist that doesn’t like Christianity is decades old, grow up manchild

[@_massivemosscharger]

@@SnappyWasHere aight 🍿

[@baphomet1149]

I'm Christian but let's watch the vocal Christians at play 🍿

[@austinvw1988]

Hog Rider!!! 🤯🤯🤯🤯😱😱😱😱🥶🥶🥶🗿

[@jamiegallier2106]

❤❤❤❤

[@ChalvosClifford]

🎉

[@jakkmcknight2933]

Best definition for "primate" I've found so far: “Primates” are collectively defined as any gill-less, organic RNA/DNA protein-based, metabolic, metazoic, nucleic, diploid, bilaterally-symmetrical, endothermic, digestive, tryploblast, opisthokont, deuterostome coelemate with a spinal chord and 12 cranial nerves connecting to a limbic system in an enlarged cerebrial cortex with a reduced olfactory region inside a jawed-skull with specialized teeth including canines and premolars, forward-oriented fully-enclosed optical orbits, and a single temporal fenestra, -attached to a vertebrate hind-leg dominant tetrapoidal skeleton with a sacral pelvis, clavical, and wrist & ankle bones; and having lungs, tear ducts, body-wide hair follicles, lactal mammaries, opposable thumbs, and keratinized dermis with chitinous nails on all five digits on all four extremities, in addition to an embryonic development in amniotic fluid, leading to a placental birth and highly social lifestyle. Credit to Aron Ra.

[@administratorlynch6223]

thats easy for you to say! (nailed it)

[@numquam7209]

Hello

[@johnsmith42688]

O these comments are going to be 🔥

[@rdhealthcare6426]

Yo, that’s my great^401 grandpa right there.

[@objective_psychology]

_plesio-_ is usually pronounced /ˈpliːziə(w)/

[@briwood6328]

Are you not going back to Twitter

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Nah

[@briwood6328]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains it is a mess

[@bobjone8039]

@@ProfessorDaveExplainsGreat choice.

[@matthewvandenelzen2337]

American Journal of Human Evolution 4 December 2018 "More than a decade of DNA barcoding encompassing about five million specimens covering 100,000 animal species supports the generalization that mitochondrial DNA clusters largely overlap with species as defined by domain experts. Almost all animal species have arrived at a similar result consequent to a similar process of expansion from mitochondrial uniformity within the last one to several hundred thousand years.”

[@rickmartin7596]

Convergent evolution.

[@BCole-bj4lv]

My cat was sitting on my lap and at 3:35 when Purgatorius came up she stood up faced the screen and watched. At 4:00 she reached over my keyboard and touched the screen. Apparently cats would like to meet Purgatorius .... it's an evolution thing.

[@soham6898]

Trying to take down similarities between myself and Purgatorius😅

[@user-im5qk6vs9l]

Tholins and volcanoes are too big for YEC

[@israelpopulim5905]

4:50 sussman😂😂

[@objective_psychology]

Angiosperms are likely way older than primates

[@southernbrain691]

I sense a war in the comments,should we seek cover? Or do we use this video as the lure and hunt them down?

[@stang9806]

Monke

[@indecision6326]

Not to be confused with the kind of primate that originated because the early Catholic Church didn't have a proper hierarchy.

[@infinitemonkey917]

Why did they survive the K-Pg extinction? Being opportunistic omnivores?

[@XPISigmaArt]

I want to put "opportunistic omnivore" in my resume

[@infinitemonkey917]

@@XPISigmaArtThat is a good quality.

[@crescentmoon2806]

Man am i in time for the young earth people and evolution deniers?? 👀

[@olboyhim3371]

Homo genus and dinosaurs never occupied earth at the same time

[@TheIronDove]

what did you evolve from

[@blumoon131]

Clearly someone didn't watch the video...

[@XPISigmaArt]

Same thing as you, fellow great ape.

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

Summon up the courage to click on play and find out cupcake

[@xl000]

your channel would benefit from a professionally made intro.

[@FatApatosaurus]

Meh, the intro is too iconic.

[@gperm4941]

you're* anyway, I like the intro. It's lighthearted and fun

[@xl000]

@@gperm4941 what do you mean « you’re » ?

[@gperm4941]

@@xl000 You said "your" instead of "you're"

[@TotallyRat_]

​@@gperm4941Which is... Correct? My dude, you're stands for "you are" and "you are channel would benefit" is wrong

[@danieljackson269]

😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@JDoe-pe9wq]

Hey Dave did you see how they banned TikTok over palestine?

[@dartisharris12]

if you haven't heard it from the "creators" who designed us your wrong😂😂

[@unorthodoxpickle7014]

Here comes the religitard

[@neildegrassetysonwithaknif7124]

Well, I heard it from the "creators". So what now?

[@dartisharris12]

@@neildegrassetysonwithaknif7124 proof 👀👽?

[@neildegrassetysonwithaknif7124]

@@dartisharris12 they told me in a vision. That's proof enough.

[@dartisharris12]

@@neildegrassetysonwithaknif7124 oh ok🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@eb60lp]

First

[@kakahass8845]

@@EranshahriarFirst! to reply to the reply.

[@user-hx7xd6jq9x]

Wow great story 😂

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Science isn't a "story", sweetie.

[@user-hx7xd6jq9x]

Be in your dreams brother You will know the Truth for sure

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

@@user-hx7xd6jq9x You wouldn't know truth if it slapped you in the face. That's why you get triggered by videos you're too afraid to watch that explain how your infantile worldview is wrong and dumb.

[@southernbrain691]

​@@user-hx7xd6jq9xRetreat back to the cross! For thy knows you're an iq 85 in the wild

[@user-im5qk6vs9l]

Srsly, they're not even human, they're probably the last well, dressed monkeys​@@southernbrain691

[@TBCS3000]

Jesus said human was created by God 600,000 years ago. Got that everyone

[@_massivemosscharger]

A yes, old dude triumphs science. Makes total sense

[@willfire0310]

Jesus also said that he would return within the lifetime of his followers. Didn’t happen.

[@blumoon131]

No, he didn't.

[@StandOnGuard4Thee]

😂

[@janbox888]

Why are primates not still evolving into humans ?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Humans are primates. Please pay attention, sweetie.

[@ALRASHED-YT]

And how did they evolve? 😂 fake science

[@dhavzr23]

Oh no! A 6 minute KZbin video didn't give you every mechanism of evolution known by anyone who actually tries to learn things! Must mean it's fake science!!!!!!! You're a joke.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Are you joking or stupid?

[@ALRASHED-YT]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains why you so triggered teacher? fr how did they evolve? it's pretty logical question .. don't give me appe fossils and tell me that's your granpa no no.. give me scientific proof of how humas evolve? you don't have one unfortunately. and you won't ... cuz that s*it ain't science.

[@gperm4941]

@@ALRASHED-YT what do you mean "scientific proof of how humans evolve"? You just listed fossils, which are a big proof that humans did indeed evolve, so what do you want

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Oh, you're dumber than rocks. Thanks for clearing that up. If you want to learn how evolution works, visit my biology playlist, sweetie. Until then, stop whining like a toddler just because you're lazy.

[@deed18]

Science isn’t inherently dogmatic, but scientists can be.

[@AlbertaGeek]

Be scientific in your critique. Give 3 examples of scientists being dogmatic.

[@deed18]

@@AlbertaGeek I’ll give you five: 1. In faradays 1844 letter to richard taylor, faraday speaks on the atomic doctrine, he suggests that atomic models are just frameworks to understand phenomena with matter. He says that the atomic doctrine is only a hypothesis that is separate from the facts, the facts being definite proportions, prime numbers, &c. Faraday says that a common mistake people make, students especially, is that they assume the hypothesis true based on these facts of phenomena. He then goes on to show how John Daltons atomic model doesn’t account for conductivity and insulation. 2. two quotes from albert Einstein that when taken together show a dogmatic cling heliocentrism because his theory of gravity cannot prove geocentrism or heliocentrism because it is relative to any select point (you could even make a cosmological model where our moon is the center lol). “TO THE QUESTION WHETHER OR NOT THE MOTION OF THE EARTH IN SPACE CAN BE MADE PERCEPTIBLE IN TERRESTRIAL EXPERIMENTS. WE HAVE ALREADY REMARKED IN SECTION V THAT ALL ATTEMPTS OF THIS NATURE LED TO A NEGATIVE RESULT. BEFORE THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY WAS PUT FORWARD, IT WAS DIFFICULT TO BECOME RECONCILED TO THIS NEGATIVE RESULT..." "THE PROBLEM WHICH NOW FACED EINSTEIN SCIENCE MAS CONSIDERABLE. FOR THERE SEEMED TO BE ONLY THREE ALTERNATIVES. THE FIRST WAS THAT THE EARTH WAS STANDING STILL, WHICH MEANT SCUTTLING THE WHOLE COPERNICAN THEORY AND WAS UNTHINKABLE." 3. The idea that the speed of light is a constant is dogmatic because the empirical data shows otherwise. MMX in the later years of observations showed that the “speed” of light changes in relation to moon cycles and motion of the sun relative to earth. The unit of measurement, the meter, was actually changed to adhere to the AVERAGE speed of light. 4. The dogmatic approach of modern medicine that models the body as purely mechanical and that we are complex organic automata. This and also the claim that the mind is entirely contained within our skulls, that the mind is physical. These dogmas are perpetuated by people who are “physicians” in the classical sense of the word. This belief makes mechanical medicine the only viable kind of medicine. 5. I’m just going to shoot off a few more short ones: That laws of nature are fixed. That nature is purposeless. That Matter is unconscious. The total amount of matter and energy is fixed. Biological hereditary is material.

[@deed18]

I made a reply but i think it got taken down or yt flagged it, can you see it?

[@deed18]

In faradays paper to richard taylor 1844 he introduces the phenomena of conductivity and insulation to John Daltons atomic model showing how the void between daltons atoms is conducting and insulating which is illogical. He then points towards Boscovich’s theory of atoms which is based off mathematical points that have force properties. Faraday writes that a common mistake for those studying atomic doctrine is that they take the hypothesis, that matter is comprised of atoms, to be true based on the facts they observe suchas definite proportions, prime numbers, &c. Faraday claims that the hypothesis cannot be assumed true based off of these facts. Faraday suggests in this letter that the hypothesis of atoms is merely a way to account for the mathematical facts derived from phenomena. Einsteinian special relativity claims that any point in the universe can be the center of motion yet Einstein says "THE PROBLEM WHICH NOW FACED SCIENCE WAS CONSIDERABLE. FOR THERE SEEMED TO BE ONLY THREE ALTERNATIVES. THE FIRST WAS THAT THE EARTH WAS STANDING STILL, WHICH MEANT SCUTTLING THE WHOLE COPERNICAN THEORY AND WAS UNTHINKABLE." If you want to get a better understanding of empiricism and dogmatism i would recommend ch.2 bk.2 of Kants Critique of Pure Reason. a few more dogmas of science: That matter is unconscious That nature is mechanical That the laws of nature are fixed That memories are stored in your brain That your mind is in your head That biological hereditary is material That mechanistic medicine is the only kind that works That nature is purposeless That the total amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed All of these are dogmatic claims that makeup the principles of thinking for many scientists today.

[@AlbertaGeek]

@@deed18 You clearly do not know what "dogmatic" means. Literally nothing in your reply supports the assertion you made in your OP.

[@chudu69]

Lots of love from India ❤❤

[@jigsaw2253]

No one cares if you are Indian

[@kidslovesatan34]

James Tour is much more basal and closer to lemurs than anything else.