The Origins and History of the Ancient Celts

The ancient Celts were various tribal groups living in parts of western and central Europe in the Late Bronze Age and through the Iron Age (c. 700 BCE to c. 400 CE). Given the name Celts by ancient writers, these tribes and their culture migrated and so they established a presence in territories from Portugal to Turkey.
Although diverse tribes and never a single unified state, the ancient Celts were connected by the Celtic language and marked similarities in art, modes of warfare, religion, and burial practices. Although the Celtic culture was absorbed within the Roman Empire from the 1st century BCE, Celts continued to thrive in more remote parts of Europe like Ireland and northern Britain where Celtic languages are still spoken today.
The ‘Celts’ - Definition & Problems
The term ‘Celts’ is commonly used to refer to peoples who lived in Iron Age Europe north of the Mediterranean region prior to the Roman conquest after ancient writers gave them that name. However, it is a problematic label. This is because these peoples were not part of a unified state but, rather, belonged to a multitude of tribes, many of which had no direct contact with each other. The term remains useful for its convenience but it does disguise the complex relations between different western and central European tribes, the overlapping of some cultural features in time and space, and the isolation and uniqueness of other such features. The European Iron Age was certainly a vibrant period of cultural interaction, trade relations, warfare, and migrations.
Description by Mark Cartwright from the World History Encyclopedia.
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[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

To my dear subscribers, thank you all. You have my love and appreciation. Support Chris and his awesome podcast above! Look below to support this channel! Check out our store! History Merch: kzbin.infostore Get your history magazines here: www.karwansaraypublishers.com?tap_a=88561-7cbe2d&tap_s=1562085-46f5e5 Enjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium! spqr-emporium.com?aff=3 Get a subscription to Ancient Origins and get access to awesome books, webinars and etc! Link : members.ancient-origins.net/r... *Disclaimer, the above three links are affiliate links which means we will earn a generous commission from your magnificent purchase, just another way to help out the channel! Facebook Page: facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGES/ Twitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdale Instagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_ages/ Facebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170/

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

Greek mythology tells us that when Hercules campaigned in the West, he fell in love with Galatia, a nymph with whom he had two sons, Celtis and Galati. Where from these two children came the Celts and the Gauls.l..ike their gods they had the same or corrupt Greek names, such as Diis Pater - Deus (Zeus Father).

[@leary4]

How old were u when you started doing this? and why? (c. 700 BCE to c. 400 CE)

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

@@leary4 hi mister! first looking for metals ..second lose the Troy!

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

​@@leary4and for which year​ happen this invasion,from the Sea people, search for ''People of Partholón'' from Militos and ''childs of Hercules Celts and Gauls'',and for ''Pytheas'' of Massalia

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

"To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting" - Edmund Burke (Irish Philosopher)

[@jerrysamuels8716]

And to reflect on this Alice in Wonderland video you discover you really learned nothing.

[@jaket5751]

@@jerrysamuels8716 Wow Jerry, you're so smart. Everyone bow to this damn hero.

[@ferdrewflo5364]

☝👏👏

[@johnoneal1234]

@@jerrysamuels8716 I read that daffy post claiming Druids had nothing to do with standing stones . They may not have placed them, but they had a LOT to do WITH them.

[@johnoneal1234]

@@jerrysamuels8716 Some people are like that. They just don't learn

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

I'm half Celtic (my other half is Germanic) and speaking for myself I'm proud of the Ancient Celts. I'm proud of such a people.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@robertolang9684 I didn't claim Irish ancestry

[@ebw_servant_of_GOD]

Nice compilations of the historical information without mixing personal opinion that muddy the information. Many do the opposite including historians. Hopefully everyone will go out and read more about the Celts and other related history because of your work. EBW USN Ret.

[@VoiceAcrossTheField]

More research, pride and attention should be given to the Celts. More people should be interested and proud of their Celtic ancestry.

[@paganlife1373]

No written history from Celts, but standing stones , animal and human rock carvings, runes??? Lots of speculation.

[@mistydlove]

I am. 😊

[@noeldoyle4501]

I'm a Celt, delighted and proud to be Celtic, superior to no one, and inferior to no one, that is the way it should be.

[@harrisonduncan9048]

I am :)

[@brandyanon8789]

​@@rythnuhhwhat does Celtic history have to do with color? I'm so proud of my Irish Celtic roots. I wear my freckles with pride😁

[@MTB214]

Interesting story of them. The original art and modern renditions are so wonderful. Is there a way to see his sources of the art?

[@m8rte]

I heard Somewhere celtic culture must have be born in the atlantic west Because of the round houses which should be round Because of the strong sea winds. I've also heard that iberian archeologic findings seem to be the oldest from celtic cultures, perhaps proto celtic. Anyway, you all should visit the fortified cities of north Portugal. Só many little rounded Stone houses with walls on the very high top of the mountains. Its beatiful.

[@tiagorodrigues3730]

The strongest piece of evidence arguing for the Celts from the West theory is that the closest relatives of the Celtic languages were the languages of the Lusitani and the Vettones in West-Central Iberia; they were basically Celtic but retaining original PIE P which had been lost in the Celtic languages proper. Since normally the widest variety of languages is found near the birthplace of that language, one can argue that Late Western PIE must have evolved into Celtic somewhere in Iberia and then spread eastward into Central Europe; however, the truth is that the picture is complicated severely by the fact that these people were quite nomadic, and it is still possible that Celtic may have appeared near Halstatt and those para-Celtic Vettones and Lusitani migrated sometime in the Bronze-Iron Dark Ages to Iberia from the Alps such that they left no traces of their former location.

[@m8rte]

@@tiagorodrigues3730 interesting. Where can i find something about this iberian languages? I searched but all i could find were scriptures in latin. Do we have written material in those ancient languages?

[@johnoneal1234]

@@m8rte You need to search instead for Basque language. There is only one, and it is unrelated to any other European language. The connection is between Ireland and the Basque Country, not Iberia generally,though there may be some general connections, the DNA is Basque.

[@johnoneal1234]

DF-27 for me.

[@HankBukowski11]

Já visitei muitos locais com escavações do neolítico e o que dizes confirmo.

[@ingmigueleduardo7]

There is a tribal & traditional folkloric wrestling in Portugal named "Galhofa", from the region of SabuGAL. It have clearly celtic roots, was and still it is battled on corrals between two men. Was a fight to decide who was the most powerful man on the village, and fought as a means of a ritual initiation from adolescent males to become a real man in ancient times. Look at the root word "GAL-hofa", again we have the ethnonym of GAL, which this tribes of celts used a lot to call themselves

[@RhysapGrug]

As a Welsh speaking northwalian I find it fascinating the interest people have in my history and culture. Which I suppose I take for granted.

[@leonroberts7273]

The Roberts came from the northern parf of Wales. I am trying to find more about them and that region.

[@eh1702]

@@leonroberts7273 There are many sources of the surname Robert, Roberts, Robertson, MacRobbie, Roberton etc. They’re surnames made from a first name / patronymic. (And even named after a town that was named after a Robert.) Some people in the Celtic linguistic fringe of Britain, and in Ireland still didn’t have set, passed-on surnames in the 18th century.

[@matthewmann8969]

So Celts moved around a long way and had a impact and influence on various clusters, markers, haplo groups, and macro ethnicities

[@elevers]

Regarding the calendar, it is known that the lunar calendar (used by a wide array of cultures) is technically more accurate over the longer term than the solar calendar (no leap year, etc.). It is interesting to think that so many cultures have developed a lunar calendar independently. I assume the reason could be that the moon is more of an influence in northern Europe, as the longer nights of the winter is an influence on their culture, while in hotter climates, night is the only time where real work can be done, and people slept in the day.

[@guynado402]

Think again. What would all cultures have in common regardless of location, climate, and who the people were?

[@pauldonnelly910]

I love the weird, not entirely told story of how Julius Caesar's authority over the Roman calendar helped him to defeat Pompey. Basically, Caesar had some religious offices as well as his political and military responsibilities -- one of which meant he was in the charge of the Roman calendar, which by his time was way out of whack. (It's quite likely he would have known the Gallic calendar was better, as a professional appreciation.) Still, DOING anything about it was never a high priority for him, at least not until he reached the peak of his authority until that whole Ides of March thing. Then when Caesar needed to move an army from Italy to Greece, somehow his rival commanding the enemy fleet got the time of tides and storms wrong, which helped Caesar get his army to Greece intact and defeat Pompey. Makes you wonder what the deeper story was.

[@ConnortheCanaanite]

Well the Celts are actually related ethnically to Canaanite religious population as well which were conquered by Aryan descended population whom traveled around the world. The Canaanites had sects of moon worship and through astrology the moon is considered feminine. The ancient Aryan descended populations interacted with a great many cultures and transferred religious/spiritual ideas to many places. Native Americans before crossing the Bering straight were once a brother peoples to the ancient Aryans and thus they once shared a culture and similar religious ideals. Think about the story of the Tower of Babel and a world once existing where everyone spoke the same language. The Tower of Babel is actually a reference to religious/spiritual and thus cultural cooperation amongst all the people. Which would prevent warring due to most wars being caused by such strifes. It would be like building a massive complex and putting elements from all modern religious or spiritual schools of thought into one area. It’s quite common for religious or spiritual movements to be re-crafted in such a way to win over a population that might see your culture as too disparate from their own. The Romans did this with the Greeks by building temples or statues to Greek deities or formulating the Roman deities to take on some of the attributes of the Greek deities. Most early deities and worship was based mostly in nature, ancestors, genitalia or intercourse and planet worship. The act of taking on attributes or teaching of several religions is called religious syncretism and in today’s age we have movements like Theosophy or New Age schools of thought which do just this.

[@davokelly7876]

@@ConnortheCanaanite can you site a scoure where it shows the celts are descendents of cain. Im an O'Kelly meaning son of contention or war. And my clan were part of the fianna (the old gaurd of the high kigns of ireland) This would explain the nomadic never settling lifestyle that is still very prevalent in England, Ireland, Romani, Albani, basque separatists and gypsies and their fascination with war maybe? Bareknuckle boxing, illiteracy and a tendancy to steal anything nor bolited🔩 down. Im just curious as I've traced genealogies, ethnicities, behavioural, cultural studies and I find it facinating. I also look at things through a biblical and secular perspective but I find these glimpses into the past confirms the bible to me daily. I understand your reference to the worship of the moon good being effeminate or female worship (maybe so) but it's more likely their perspective on their goodess of fertility praying and sacrifice for a good harvest and raiding campaign. Pagan worship is more the worship of the creation rather than the creator.

[@davokelly7876]

Plus the moon 🌙 is on every Muslim flag in the known world because Allah was the #1 God in the ancient Saudi Arabia pantheon of gods so Muhammad and his followers chose Allah so they could incorporate the worship of their most venerated gods of the time 675ad with syncretism of their earlier beliefs without getting them to turn away completely from their traditions. It is a strategy that has been used as you've said in nearly all cultures throughout time. The Catholic, protestant, Hindu, Muslim, orthodox Jews you name it. The man made religions.

[@d.c.8828]

I was wondering what happened to this podcast! I missed it so! Thanks for the upload!

[@mehmetkurtkaya3106]

İ clicked and there were no views. Great to be the fırat viewer. Now that İ watched it İ really liked this video. Very well done as an overview also showing the major points. İ liked how the narrator showed that the use of the term Barbarian was a limiting blanket term. They had very good iron artwork, weapons druids and a mythology narrative around. İ also liked how Celtic languages in İreland Scotland England and France survived to this day. Celtic and Pictish culture s are very interesting. Well done. Thank you. More on Celtic culture and some comparisons with Scythian artwork would be great for future episodes.

[@Cgl3g3nd]

Come back with that edit 😂

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Sa

[@bugzyhardrada3168]

A "firat" viewer is indeed a most rare breed of viewers

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thanks for watching Mehmet and for being #1!!!

[@mehmetkurtkaya3106]

@@bugzyhardrada3168 thanking autocorrect for that

[@mjinba07]

Thanks for another fascinating little history lesson. The name of one ancestral line in my family is a conjugate of Celt and Old English, which I find absolutely charming. And, like most people of European descent I suppose, all of my ancestral lines trace back through the Celts.

[@jerrysamuels8716]

There is no such thing as a "Celt". One can talk about Celt tribes-an ambiguous term at best. But tell me please, educate me. What is a Celt?

[@mjinba07]

@@jerrysamuels8716 There's no such thing as an "Old English" either! 🙄

[@foxmactavish2739]

@@jerrysamuels8716 a Celt is a person descending from the tribes which were referred to as the Celtic tribes by the Romans. No need to be upset about it.

[@jerrysamuels8716]

@@foxmactavish2739 The Romans did not even know who they were. Were they Italians or Etruscans? So how could they know who the Celts were really?

[@foxmactavish2739]

@@jerrysamuels8716 "The Celts were a collection of tribes with origins in central Europe that shared a similar language, religious beliefs, traditions and culture. It’s believed that the Celtic culture started to evolve as early as 1200 B.C. The Celts spread throughout western Europe-including Britain, Ireland, France and Spain-via migration. Their legacy remains most prominent in Ireland and Great Britain, where traces of their language and culture are still prominent today." - www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/topics/ancient-history/celts The Greeks called them Celts too. Romans actually were more specific and preferred to call them Gauls. Its all just words though. They are who they are, no matter what one chooses to call them.

[@Hadrumas]

So far as it's shown here the Celtic warriors seemed to be equally equipped as Caesar's legionaires (e.g. the "Monteforino" helmet, swords, shields, chainmails etc.) - but probably not as well organized and armed en masse as the Romans. It is also interesting that even as late as the 6th century AD the neck ring - seen already on the ancient BC-Sculpture of the "wounded Gaul" at 10:41 -, was still a badge identifying the wearer as a Roman soldier, even if he was not wearing armour. It can be seen in the famous Ravenna mosaic depicting the Emperor Justinian and the bodyguard to his left, wearing such Celtic rings. In a smaller form such rings (torques) were worn as military decorations on armor or as armrings since the early Roman Empire.

[@waldensiandescendant5866]

I would love to learn more about the quariates the celts from queyras Valley have not been able to find much info about them

[@molecatcher3383]

My biggest doubt about the Celtic from the West theory is that the Celtiberians were surrounded by non-Celtic, even non-indo-European, speaking peoples but there is no evidence of linguistic exchange between them, which would have been likely if they had spent millennia there. By contrast there is evidence of linguistic exchange between the neighboring languages of Central Europe and Celtic which could imply a common origin there and a long time in the area.

[@molecatcher3383]

@John Brennan What you have told me is that you know sweet FA about anything and need to up your medication.

[@jonah7333]

Good effort 👏

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thank you!

[@giuseppersa2391]

Your trepidation is understandable! But your presentation is very good. Compliments 🌹😊

[@subhamomm5930]

I like your video it is good your work is very good and your content is also knowledgeable I like your channel you should carry on your videos are mind blowing and help me to acquire more knowledge so thank you but Can you make any video on Skanderbeg please .

[@memyselfi0120]

Strange. I read the word Celt is an 18th century borrowing from French which ultimately comes from the medieval Latin word for chisel...

[@camulodunon]

That word refers to the type of stone age axe. Two words same sound and spelling.

[@MsSmokejohn]

I believe it is much more ancient than that. In ancient Greek literature, Celt is the son of Heracles and Celtini, the daughter of King Breton. Your history is ancient and lost due to cataclysms, invasions and the Abrahamic bias. Celt in ancient Greek means he who rides horses.

[@MsSmokejohn]

If you d like to google search it the Greek words are Κελτης, Κελτινη. Also, Gaul was another name used for the same son. In Greek it is Γαλάτης. Pausanias Παυσανίας wrote about them, it all happened precataclysmic. In Greek records there had been 3 cataclysms and therefore 3 restarts of civilisation. They were trying to keep records.

[@harrietharlow9929]

I have a very strange DNA-- I have the usual irish-Scots a teensy bit of English, German, what I refer to as Continental Celt (the map showed what is France,so Gaul?), then further east, a touch of Greek/Roman then even further east, DNA from what is now Ukraine and the Caucasus and then finally, Central Asian. I am very proud of my Celtic heritage. I hope one day DNA will be able to be more precise. I plan to have my DNA analysed soon again. The genetic history of humanity is fascinating. I was adopted by a German-Greek lady and her Austrian-Bavarian-Jewish- converso husband but they were honest with me, letting me know what they knew of my heritage. It is wonderful to learn the history of my ancient ancestors. Thank you so much for posting.

[@gabhanachdenogla8342]

The Celtic Fringe is a Oxford myth cooked up by the polymath keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, and popularised in a book called The Antiquities of Nations. The integrity of our ancient Celtic identity is, it seems, bogus. “There never was a Celtic invasion of Ireland or Britain. The identity our Celtic of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany dates back, not to the mists of time, but to 1707” (Just after the first Act of Union in fact). Edward Lhuyd, brilliantly, argued that Gaelic, Cornish, Breton and Welsh were related to the language spoken by the ancient Gauls. He called these languages “Celtic” (largely because the term Gallic then denoted the hated French) and suggested that they had spread to Britain and Ireland through migration. In an intellectual culture saturated with classical learning, the link with the “Keltoi” who had invaded ancient Greece, and with the Gauls whom Caesar slaughtered and described, was flattering, not least in Ireland. Instead of being marginal people, we were the remnants of an ancient and once all-powerful European civilisation. With the rise of 19th-century cultural nationalism, this ready-made genealogy, with its neat racial distinction between Celts and Saxons, was far too useful to be refused. In an era obsessed with so-called scientific racism, it provided a seemingly natural case for Irish independence. There is an Iron Age material culture that is evident in findings from northern Europe between Paris and Prague. It is named after a site in Switzerland called La Tène and is associated with what we call the Celts (there is no evidence that these people ever used the term or even identified themselves as a single ethnic group). And none of the things you would find if these people invaded or migrated to Ireland - their pots, their houses, their burial-sites, their coins, their horse-fittings - exist here. There are high-end La Tène-style objects, but virtually all of them are of recognisably local manufacture. As Barry Raftery, one of the leading authorities on Iron Age Ireland, puts it of the presumed Celtic invasion, “It seems strange that a warrior aristocracy supposedly responsible for imposing so many aspects of its culture on the indigenous population . . . should have had almost no impact on the archaeological record.” In fact, what both archaeology and genetic studies show is continuity - broadly the same people who built Newgrange continuing to inhabit the island, speaking a version of the language of the Atlantic seaboard from which they had originated. What did happen in the Iron Age is that an emergent aristocracy began to adopt the international style they knew from trade and other contacts.

[@slavenarkaimovski3897]

The shield in 25:44 minutes is slavic shield,and celts were slavs,since theirs name comes from word Kelci/Kell Tsi,meaning blacksmith.If you take a closer look at the shield you will notice few small swastikas,wich exists in europe since 5500BC,when slavic bronze age civilization of Vinća,Andronovo,and Tripoli was created.And swastika is slavic symbol of fortune,and aboundance,since hers name comes from slavic word svasti meaning to collect wheet.PS:Slavs are creators of the european civilization,and slavs lives in europe since 8678BC.

[@chocho8036]

a scholar arguing "brilliantly" does not make him right. Anyone can have their own agenda for arguing "brilliantly" against a huge amount of data collected by many other researchers.

[@slavenarkaimovski3897]

@@chocho8036 Smart answer,but you are only half wright.Becouse eventually everyone will have to acept the truth,and stop living in denial and fantasy.As for us slavs,we know ours connection with ours history,that exists since 8678BC.

[@gabbyn978]

No news from the Prince of the Glauberg?

[@rockinbobokkin7831]

Celts? Roman fear intensifies.

[@SkippackCougar]

fabulous!

[@peterthompson1462]

What a brilliant video, thank you.

[@PenDragonsPig]

i was with you until you called cornwall an english county- tis its own country sowsnek

[@stevenwallace5456]

Please cover the Volcae and Boii!

[@mbb4302]

The Iberian Celts are offspring of the Neolithic peoples of Mahgreb, or north Africa..the Berber peoples of N. Africa had runes that are still in use today called Tifinagh...Berbers also share genetic ties to the Iberian Celts, which are the original migrants to Wales and Ireland.

[@Valhalla88888]

Old Celts from Scotia and Hibernia in the 1st to 5th century mingled with the ancient Picts of Caledonia who may have originated from Scandinavia which makes sense when you look at modern day Scots and Scandinavians red hair, pale skin, blue eyes🤔

[@ANTSEMUT1]

The location of the ethnogenesis of celts being thr British isle makes the celto-italic hypothesis hella weird.

[@thegreenmage6956]

Not really, they diverted from each other, then invaded each other, completely normal on a historical basis.

[@ANTSEMUT1]

@@thegreenmage6956 that's after the split happens, I'm talking about before the split happens, and all the migratory shenanigans that happened.

[@ANTSEMUT1]

@@thegreenmage6956 basically raising questions of why both branches spread out from central Europe and not from the isles going east.

[@jknott1509]

@@ANTSEMUT1 they were from Anatolia. Something happened in those Caucases mountains to make a new man.

[@ANTSEMUT1]

@@jknott1509 I'm not talking about Indo European in General, I'm talking about when where they diverged from P.I.E and would form their own related but separate tribe.

[@dubhainoceanntabhail5262]

Excellent, very informative

[@paganlife1373]

This is humanity, peace and war.

[@boblyle3930]

The burned most documents of all culture

[@Paul-r3v]

Tvs lost so much time with unsignificant scandinavian thieves, but so less with the Celts who were really important for all west Europe.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Who was the best Celtic Warrior in history ?

[@tonyjemz777]

Cú Chulainn

[@davewatson309]

Byddig

[@tonyjemz777]

Venutius

[@tonyjemz777]

Brennus

[@donnysandley6977]

That would be Conor McGregor 😬

[@hollynonya6991]

And they were Bell Beakers before that

[@morvil73]

Cornwall isn’t England: Constitutional Status of Cornwall -) "I can find no de-jure joinder of Cornwall to England." (G.D.Flather QC, Boundary Commission 1988). -) "The whole territorial interest and dominion of the Crown in and over the entirety of Cornwall is vested in the Duke of Cornwall." Which makes Cornwall a separate realm, with a separate ruler. See the "Duchy v Crown Foreshore Dispute 1855-59"; and "Bruton v the Duchy of Cornwall 2011". On both occasions, the High Court upheld this statement from then (1855) Attorney-General of the Duchy of Cornwall, Thomas Pemberton-Leigh. -) The Duchy of Cornwall Estates are not the Duchy of Cornwall. It's just a private business of estates accrued over centuries attached to it, and absent from the three Duchy Charters of 1337-8. It would be a mighty strange private business that can: 1.) rule a nation; 2.) have the power to convene a fully legislative parliament; 3.) benefit from bona vacantia estates and bankrupt companies; 4.) have right of wreck and royal fish; 5.) appoint an Attorney-General and a Vice Admiral, as well as the High Sheriff (appointed by the Crown everywhere else but Cornwall). The Duchy estates can do none of these, but the Duchy of Cornwall can, and does when it pleases them to do so. The Duchy of Cornwall last convened Cornwall’s parliament in 1752, and it can do so tomorrow if it wants. It still appoints the officer whose job it is to do that when instructed: the Lord Warden of the Stannaries.

[@tollvut]

I believe that if we had opportunity to conduct Archeology in the North Atlantic and the area that used to be doggerland we would proplem could have solved most question I believe we lost an entire civilization from there...

[@chrisnewbury3793]

Read "The Oera Linda".

[@boblyle3930]

At the same time Marduk was exiled from Mesopotamia the celts rose ???? It’s a much older then Latin

[@MHLivestreams]

Marduk was the god when the old testament was written in Babylon.

[@FrankJoseph-tp2jz]

My ancestors

[@whyukraine]

It gauls me we don't know more about the celts.

[@justushall9634]

32:40: "English county of Cornwall." That's one of the big lies you get, namely that Cornwall is part of England. It is not. As pointed out in, among other things, Henry Jenner's A Handbook of the Cornish Language; the Cornish do not consider themselves to be English, any more than the Welsh or the Scots do. Kernow bys vyken!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Wikipedia sums this up * Cornwall is a county on England’s rugged southwestern tip. It forms a peninsula encompassing wild moorland and hundreds of sandy beaches, culminating at the promontory Land’s End.

[@marcusjohnbondurajr]

They can consider themselves whatever the hell they want the fact remains they are conquered peoples of the English lmao hahaha

[@iamthegreatcornholio7836]

i think these "celts" were probably among the very early vertebrates

[@giuseppelogiurato5718]

Anyone wanna play a drinking game? (Take a shot every time he says "culture"!)

[@cv507]

0:48 leid jihäds Frömm hömm-ce ^ ^

[@IosuamacaMhadaidh]

I'm speculating here... I wonder, given how the Celt's future generations would adopt Roman culture, and looking at how messed up the world is, given those future generations would (have) essentially inherit most of the world, that maybe we should be living in decentralized city-states and/or tribes built on and tied together by common culture instead of nations as we know them. Maybe that's the right way we should be living. With modern technology and our instinct to cooperate we can have a more peaceful and equitable world.

[@SuzieQue42]

Red headed and mean as hell. Probably related to Robert the Bruce or Buddicia, or William Wallace! Lil

[@AntzLoks1314]

Antz-that-crawls-on-the-ground ~~ El_lord_de_Aztlan

[@joelmoss2401]

I can’t stand the narration. Sorry.

[@markwarne5049]

1 of the books in the bible is the book of Galatians.

[@joseph906]

Yes. Josephus says the Gomerites (from Japheth) are called Galatians by the Greeks.

[@messiahsgate1172]

No, I’m La Tene’o not Latino, that’s okay, people get that mixed up all the time.

[@mattewwoodward4131]

So basically if we brits want learn ancient British we go go France

[@tojishusband9187]

I recently found out my family is descendant of the celts-

[@jessejames1804]

Lot of blah blah theory or in plain English they don't know.

[@bobbarker8732]

Is this John Wayne?...... is this me?

[@lysimachosdiadochos7203]

Who said that?!

[@ukalternativenews]

Some folks believe they have a stake in the outcome so become tribalist instead of accept facts

[@celticsniper6339]

🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪

[@tonyjemz777]

It's amazing how deep African Roots can go. 🌍✊🏿💥

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

@Etruscans civilization will be doing an episode soon on black Africans in Viking Ireland... I shall give no more spoilers.

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Aeneas after the fall of Troy, fled to Italy. His grandson Brutus, at the age of 15, was forced to leave the country in which he was born, and as abbot of 3,000 young Trojans, he began to find his fortune. In this campaign he was followed by the Greeks of the Cretan colony of Calabria (region of southern Italy), led by Teukros.After many adventures he decided to colonize the great White Island of the North Sea, as it was then called Britain. They arrived there after leaving the Heraklion columns and traveled west, meeting 4 Trojan colonies ruled by Tranios. They arrived on the White Island, where they named it Brittany, after Brutus, where they founded a city and named it New Troy, which is present-day London.

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

​@Etruscans civilization Irish legend has it that the King Partholón came to Ireland about three centuries after the great flood. It is said that it started from Macedonia or Central Greece accompanied by a small group of people. Among them were 3 Druids from Dodoni, named Fios, Aeolus and Formoris. In Ireland the Celtic traditions and the Greekness were never lost. Where this can be seen from Celtic mythology, and first were the Danaäns-Danaus(Tuatha Dé Danann) and then the Milesians. the Danaäns, refer to the Homeric Epics, where it is the other name of the Achaean Greeks] ruled Ireland until the arrival of the Milesians, sons of Miletus (Miletus was a colony of the Athenians)

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

@Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages and this is the real reason to destroy cities and sanctuaries in the Greek territory the children of the surviving Trojans (Gauls-Trojans) and then return to Asia Minor-Anatolia(Galatia or Galata), the birthplace of the Trojans' ancestors!!Gauls did never forget the destruction of Troy by the Achaeans, and Gauls-Trojans take for their revenge!the classic vendetta of the Greek tendency

[@mikehughes2183]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 I always thought that was a myth and just the darker skin indigenous peoples of Ireland and Wales, which still exist today. As I am a dark Welshman with olive skin and black hair! the majority of my ancient DNA is WHG.

[@johnjones9104]

Celtic was a culture not an ethnicity

[@liliane456]

So there are black celts? Lol

[@ashwayn]

Pagan stupid word means country dweller say polytheists

[@helenhunter4540]

I'm looking for history that isn't all about war and warriors. I want more about their, especially women's daily lives and arts and fabric production. Goodbye.

[@philipweaver7664]

Get an actor to narrate and

[@kylebarton778]

Thanks butthead! Now I have to play another Rome Total War Remastered game but as a Celt instead. :P Good thing it's Saturday.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thanks for watching friend, happy to help. Hahaha!

[@jeremysnead9233]

They weren't Pagan so your video is lacking rigger.

[@markwarne5049]

Celtics use to kill Anglo Saxons.

[@garethjones4742]

Such a boring and reductionist view point. They also interbred. Extensively look to genetics my misguided compadre

[@HaHa-gy5vg]

The Celts were Phoenicians. Phoen= Red, because they were red heads.

[@monkeyon777]

They weren't all red heads. Thats a myth. They had Black red and fair hair, like most euros of today. Like most inhabitants of Celtic countries.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@monkeyon777 exactly

[@monkeyon777]

@@noahtylerpritchett2682 If anything, Celtic lands like Wales and Cornwall had a higher amount of dark to Black haired people.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@monkeyon777 facts

[@thegreenmage6956]

Actually, the high amount of redheads in Ireland and Scotland can be attributed to the high amount of Scandinavian genes brought in by the Vikings, who founded the biggest and most important cities in Ireland today.

[@tonytrismegistusroberts5124]

Druids = RH- Elite of the time.

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

it is probably no coincidence that the Druids got their name from the Οak tree (Drys in Greek-Δρυς), since this tree was sacred to the Greeks from the Depths of antiquity. Let us not forget the prophetic sacred Oak(Drys) in the oracle of Dodona, the oldest oracle in the world, the sacred tree of Gaia and later of Zeus.

[@fredriks5090]

@@irakliskazantzidis1147 Interesting then that the YggDRASill is considered an Ash, which the norse Adam (Ash & Embla) got his name from. I think Tolkien definitely drew inspiration from the twin Oak and Ash mythos. Easteregg; Oak is the old master, Ash is the new apprentice. (Pokemon)

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

@@fredriks5090 hi! Middle-Earth or Medi-Terra-nean?haha!who know?maybe Tolkin

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

@@fredriks5090 and the troglodytes Hobbit(Tuatha De Danann-The childrens of Diana-Artemis),like Thracian tribe ''Troglodytes'' near to West coast in Black sea!!..or in Frygia(Anatolia) the underground cities(Cappadocia,Galatia-Gauls)haha!the mythology is the key of history labyrinth

[@irakliskazantzidis1147]

​@Ario 2I think the opposite happen! Avaris, came from HyperBorea in a gold arrow!! And is apprentice in Pythagoras!!''Boreas'' is the North wind,comes from Thrace,and for me Hyperborea(also Greek name''YπερΒορεια'')is somewher in CaucAsia,Siberia,Altay...Iamblichus calls him ''Scythian''(Hyperborean Avaris), who came from the far north being inexperienced in Greek education, ignorant and advanced in age.

[@ggist5910]

Yes the Celts were and still are a great nation but this video shows the whited out side of history. The Celts came from the land of Israel, they moved in stages at a point were called the Ibers in Spain. They were not originally white people but came from black hebrews. Yes I am proud to be a Celtic Hebrew and I reject whited out views of history ..

[@liliane456]

You're out to lunch

[@misdefaith9869]

all europeans were people of color, dark color. don't know where whites came from. lepers?

[@littlemissbaby3450]

😆😆😆😆😆😆😆😆😆😆

[@foxmactavish2739]

Lepers is a ridiculous assumption. When has anything like that ever happened. Keep guessing.

[@Kitsylove28]

I don't think so Celtic is speech/ Language so many rivers in Europe and beyond have 3 or 4 Irish and Welsh root words meaning flowing motion the race dwelling by the river.

[@CanalCursoMLearning]

The statue of a warrior holding a shield shown in the thumbnail is not really Celtic but Lusitanian. It is at the National Archeological Museum in Lisbon, Portugal commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Callaico-Lusitanian_warrior_statues

[@thegreenmage6956]

And yet we know that Celtic languages were spoken in that region, that the inhabitants either were Celts or were deeply influenced by them, practically syncretically integrated. It is well known that the shield conforms to Celtic styles.

[@CanalCursoMLearning]

@@thegreenmage6956 Lusitanian language was not Celtic (according to most scholars). It would be sad if the Celtic label would cancel that unique Lusitanian identity.

[@tiagorodrigues3730]

@@CanalCursoMLearning Is that warrior Lusitanus or Callaecus? The latter were definitely Celtic.

[@thegreenmage6956]

@@CanalCursoMLearning And you know perfectly well that anyone who WASN’T Lusitanian in the area was Celtiberian. I know that Portugal desperately wants to have a cultural heritage completely separate from other countries (mainly Spain), but these cultures were around before Portugal - and those borders - existed.

[@tiagorodrigues3730]

@@thegreenmage6956 That is not strictly true; specifically, the Vettones who lived to the East of the Lusitani were also para-Celtic (that is, Celtic but without the loss of PIE *p*) and _possibly_ the Turduli, though it's probable that the Turduli which were in the territory of what is today Portugal likely had become Celticised by the time they made contact with the Romans in the 2nd Century BC. The Celtiberi lived to the East of the Vettones, while the Callaeci (and the Turduli Veteres) lived to the North of the Durius. Celtic, yes, but not Celtiberian. Please note that I am not saying this because I want to differentiate Portugal from Spain or England or Morocco, but rather because this is what our scholarship has been able to determine. Note that I have no problem with calling the statue "Celtic," since it conforms to the material culture, regardless of what language the putative model might have spoken.

[@deeppurple883]

I'm a Brehon, Irish. Mc is before my name. Our history is important because it gives us grounding. It gives us a route to a place we call home. I believe we all have that to some degree. ✌️☘️

[@MDE1992]

It's ok to be a Bell Beaker.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Truth!

[@dsagun727]

And if you have ever been Bell Beaked, you know how painful it can be....

[@hollynonya6991]

Bell Beakers are Indo-Europeans They had more steppe ancestry Iberia has more neolithic ancestry

[@FrankJoseph-tp2jz]

Leave my ex out of this

[@FrankJoseph-tp2jz]

Celts seem to always have a tinge of red in their hair and green in their eye

[@rolandrabier5984]

I would like to know when Celts and proto Germans split and were no more mutually intelligible.

[@richern2717]

If both Ancestors came from the Corded Ware Culture 3000 BC. my guess is that some mutual intelligible dialects at least lasted for 300 to 500 years after, if they split during the Corded Ware period. Battle Axe Single Grave. So by the time Bell Beakers expanded back East plus minus 2500 BC I think they spoke something much different on the way to becoming Proto Celtic....?

[@dreamcast3607]

Very interesting, would like to know about that as well.

[@thegreenmage6956]

Well it isn’t simple. A lot of Germanic people ended up speaking a Celtic language and a lot of Celtic people ended up speaking Germanic languages. They lived so close to each other, they switched back and forth a lot.

[@richern2717]

@@thegreenmage6956 I agree, however there had to be two core areas clearly separated from each other in order for some distinct features to evolve.

[@tchop6839]

it is actually more likely, based on linguistic and genetic evidence, that the celts split from the italic tribes more recently than from germanic tribes. it is likely that both italo-celtic and germanic peoples were descendants of the corded ware culture

[@Alasdair37448]

Honestly when it comes to historians at least from my perspective this isn't a subject you should be afraid of unless you go on and on about how "primitive, barbaric and savage" the Celts were especially when modern scientific evidence directly opposes this language. I think the same would happen if you used such language against any surviving peoples like the descendants of the Vikings we rarely use such language to describe the Vikings as "primitive savage backward barbarians" but that's exactly the language used by contemporary sources from that time. So for me that's the only problem I have with historians is when they use hateful language and political statements about the Celts instead of sticking to the actual facts.

[@MrThebarron007]

retake Europa from the foreign hordes

[@MonikaEscobar1965]

La Tene is not only Switzerland but down my area, in South Germany.

[@skadiwarrior2053]

Hallstatt culture; iron workers, round houses. Adopted by ancient Irish.

[@MonikaEscobar1965]

@@skadiwarrior2053 no it´s the other way round. It started in Hallstatt and Raetia prima & Raetia secunda - La Tene.

[@ProvidenceNL]

I wasnt really paying attention in the intro and then i was like I KNOW THAT INTRO MUSIC. History of the world is an amazing podcast, good choice in collabs!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Yes! He is fantastic and it’s always a pleasure to dramatize his awesome work!

[@mookins45]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 you both are!

[@_Super_Hans_]

Watch on 1.25 speed for a normal talking speed

[@ashwayn]

Druids no one knows all we have is what Romans said and the victor makes the history Romans killed last Druids on isle Angelsea apart from Ireland

[@rialobran]

Cornwall is a Duchy, it has never been formally adopted into England it is therefore not a county. ‘The concept of the Duchy (Duchy of Cornwall) rests on the existence of a separate and ancient territory of Cornwall. That separate territory has never been assimilated formally into England’. His Honour Judge Paul Laity

[@chrisframpton7681]

Set to 1.25x speed…..perfect

[@liliane456]

Thankyou

[@rdwwdr3520]

It's a very good video & history lesson but I am always amused that every single piece ever made on the Celts starts with the self-serving introduction that talks about they were a remarkably or uniquely fearsome military force - with every drawing depicting them like the muscle-bound Conan The Barbarian. What group that left a historic mark wasn't warlike and fierce ? Visigoths, Vikings, Vandals, Huns, Mongols, other Germanic Tribes, Apache, Comanche, all the so-called "Sea Peoples" of the late bronze age, dozens more. The 50% or so of Americans with some amount of Celtic ancestry never get tired hearing this. Why can't ancient Celts ever be pitched as just another group of nomadic people trying to survive in a harsh period of the world? Take a look at the modern Irish or Scottish and there are your Celts - just regular folks like the rest of us lol.

[@tiagorodrigues3730]

Well, they were certainly not "just regular folks like the rest of us lol." In fact, no one in history has been so fabulously wealthy as we are, although some may have been nearly as decadent. The truth is that the geographers of the Ancient world do speak of several peoples who were much less warlike than the Gauls - for instance, the Turduli of Southern Spain were considered more advanced and certainly less warlike than their Iberian and Celtiberian neighbours. The same can be said of the Phoenicians, even though they might have been very good sailors and merchants. The Nabataeans, as well, were great merchants and desert travellers, but not particularly fearsome warriors. In the modern era, the Circassians were known as exceptionally docile and a big source of slaves for the Mamluks and the Ottomans. The list goes on; but the Gauls were quite warlike.

[@carstenmanz302]

The Celts were certainly closely related to the Scythians/Sarmatians, probably having immigrated from eastern or south-eastern Europe. Curiously, nothing is known of violent conflicts between the continental Germans and Celts, so there must have been some similarities. There was never any major hostilities with the eastern Slavic peoples either, presumably because they all belonged to a large family of peoples originally from the Eurasian East, from the Caucasus to the Urals and West Siberia?! The Romans could hardly distinguish between Celts, Germans and Slavs, here in Vienna where I live all three groups have been at home for almost 2000 years (Roman province "Pannonia"). The "joke" is that they still live next to each other more than with each other even though they all look the same.🤔😄

[@hollynonya6991]

There were two waves of Indo-European migration into the British Isles

[@claudiodeugenio]

"The year is 50 BC. Gaul is entirely occupied by the Romans. Well, not entirely ... One small village of indomitable Gauls still holds out against the invaders. And life is not easy for the Roman legionaries who garrison the fortified camps of Totorum, Aquarium, Laudanum and Compendium ..." Or better, in French, due to the word plays - baba au rhum, petit bonhomme ... «Nous sommes en 50 avant Jésus-Christ; toute la Gaule est occupée par les Romains ... Toute? Non! Car un village peuplé d'irréductibles Gaulois résiste encore et toujours à l'envahisseur. Et la vie n'est pas facile pour les garnisons de légionnaires romains des camps retranchés de Babaorum, Aquarium, Laudanum et Petibonum ...»

[@senorchampion9983]

The Celts knew the importance of the high ground.

[@MHLivestreams]

Definitely an excellent battle advantage.

[@jonathangauthier3549]

❤Thank you so much for this well-researched video. As a man of both insular and continental Celtic descent, I truly appreciate that your video included both, as well as the migration of the continental Celts to Great Britain. This was a true joy to watch, albeit 2 years too late

[@karlbyrne6021]

Greetings from Dublin Ireland.

[@eh1702]

But Ireland was a very late adopter of La Tène style. That’s not to say they’re not Celts, but the artistic style is not a good indicator compared with language. And it was a language group that the word “celtic” was coined in the modern era to describe. There could have also been many people producing La Tène and previously Hallstatt art whose languages would be more the forerunners of Germanic &/or Slavic.

[@olinayoung6287]

Fascinating, thank you!!

[@adrianjones8060]

Gaulish and Brythonic/Cymraeg, according to Caesar,were identical and so (as a proud Cymro ) I’m gladdened to know that our language once covered Europe and beyond. We may have had to suffer a thousand years of cultural oppression , but I’m proud to say our language is still spoken by a million people and growing. Er gwaetha phawb a phopeth ‘da ni yma o hud 👍🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Celtiaid y bud

[@RhysapGrug]

As a Welsh speaking northwaliean, I find it fascinating the amount of interest people have in our culture. Never really thought about it much, so I guess I must take it for granted. kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y4PFaWZ-nq11qaMsi=8KXaiO4ZpdWvu6qe

[@Ninthofnine1969]

Why why why use this narrator...??? Omg its almost cartoonist in pronunciation and grammar. You must be having a laugh

[@WTFisDrifting]

Those British island are less Celtic than the Spanish speakers in America are Spanish. Sure it’s some but not like those people would believe

[@19angela71]

It is rightfully said that we assume that know a lot about Celts but in fact, we know very little.

[@samaval9920]

Modern Galicuans minority Ty ijnNW of Spain abandoned ther Celtic language for their presentaLatin language of Galicia (Galego).’

[@Davlavi]

Time to dig up and play Celtic Kings game.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

YES!!!!

[@gordonclarkson2672]

Fascinating, as are all of these videos. However, I was surprised to see an illustration of standing stones during a discussion on Druids. Stone circles, of course, long preceded the Celts and had nothing to do with Celtic religion.

[@Makmurf]

How do you know?

[@gordonclarkson2672]

I am a Celt (Scottish) and I studied the history of the period at university.

[@Makmurf]

I would love to know more. I am mostly Scottish and Walsh with 3% Iberian (which has been interesting to me). There is much about the Druids, but maybe not much is known about their religions. This is long before the brith of Christ. It’s never ending learning.

[@RS-ln3ns]

LIKE PORTUGAL, SOUTHERN SPAIN ARE ALSO, MAINLY MOORS BECAUSE IT IS RIGHT NEXT TO NORTH AFRICA. THE NORTHERN SPAIN PEOPLE ARE MAINLY CELTS, JUST LIKE THE SCOTTS, IRISH AND WELSH. THE TRUE WARRIORS.