The Post-Apollo Human Mission to Venus

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Music: Dreamy Cosmos Hakan Eriksson via MusicLoops
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Dress: Vixen by Micheline Pitt. Not sponsored or anything, I just love her and her company values and want to shout out an incredible brand!
#AmyShiraTeitel #Spaceflight #History

[@burper-oe6tm]

RIP Mike Collins, American hero.

[@66kbm]

The only man that took a photo of the Earth and the Lunar Lander in 1 pic. He was the only man that was not in a picture of all humanity. How lonely he must have felt.

[@BedsitBob]

Only 10 moon visitors still with us.

[@gate7clamp]

Heard that this morning were loosing too many of them sadly

[@1pjodan]

I’ve read his book, it was very good

[@cablewaffel7957]

I didn't know he passed. RIP, the most underrated apollo 11 crewmember.

[@jamesbean1962]

For my 60+ years of following the space program, I have never heard the details of this proposed mission. Fantastic job of enlightening us!

[@Cdearle]

Exactly the same for me (64). However as I was only 9 at the time of the Apollo 11 mission, I wouldn’t have been following the details, assuming the manned Venus-Mars mission was ever even made public.

[@mathetes7759]

@@Cdearle I was 8 in 1969 & after our 3rd moon mission, I told my parents that we'd be landing on Mars in less than 5 years...boy was I wrong!

[@abbaszaidi8371]

I once had a Nat Geo that described a possible joint Soviet Mars mission with a Venus fly by as gravity assist planned in the far off future of 2004 The author- Michael Collins RIP Mike

[@peterbalholm2138]

That was the November 1988 issue. For me, it sparked an enthusiasm for manned space exploration that has only grown with time.

[@abbaszaidi8371]

@@peterbalholm2138 thanks, I remember being about 13-14 at the time and I devoured that article repeatedly. Two space craft. Tethered together and spun to induce gravity and sitting on a heat shield for aero braking.

[@rikk319]

@@abbaszaidi8371 I read that when I was 19. My grandparents first gave me a subscription to Nat Geo when I turned 13 and kept it up until they passed away.

[@srenchin]

Being cooped up in a space not much bigger than that of a a construction office trailer for over a year while flying through space with two other people who you could never get away from sounds like pure hell.

[@Fragolux]

It's not that different than what ballistic missile submarine crews experience. They go on patrol, cruise beneath the waves for months on end, and return to port. The main difference is it's 100-something people instead of three. Submariners develop a unique psychology; they can hate each others' guts, but they would die for each other, laughing and cracking (extremely dark) jokes all the while.

[@EM-df6mo]

@@Fragolux your analogy is spot on Sir. Some of the cruelest comments are made at great depths, especially if things creek on occasion. lol

[@incargeek]

Imagine being cooped up with 99 insufferable puking whooping internet influencers in a Starship!

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

@@incargeek In a craft boasted to cost just a tenth that of a passenger jet and just $2 million to launch. Riiiiight suuuuuure

[@incargeek]

@@RideAcrossTheRiver haha exactly

[@grahamsimons1014]

Oh! I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth, And danced the skies on laughter-silvered wings. R.I.P. Mike Collins, Apollo 11 Command Module Pilot.

[@8-bitsteve500]

RIP to Michael Collins. another of my Apollo heroes lost. :'(

[@dsny7333]

What a shame our leaders in the 70s didn't have the vision that those in the 60s had all these wonderful plans for the post moon landing era and most didn't come into existence due to lack of imagination and funding -Apollo Applications was reduced to 3 Skylab missions in 1973 and Apollo-Soyuz in 1975 and that was it. just imagine where we'd be today if they would have been more forward thinking back then.

[@dragoninthewest1]

This could be what happens in season 4 of For All Mankind

[@alexlandherr]

The way it looks now is boots on Mars in 1995.

[@vovical]

@@alexlandherr Boot on Venus 2005

[@dragoninthewest1]

@@vovical fly by Venus or perhaps Zeppelins above Venus.

[@marklechman2225]

I just started watching that show today, so far pretty darned good!

[@xiaoka]

@@marklechman2225 it gets better in season 2 but still juggling too many subplots!

[@martinjrgensen8234]

Man just imagine if we hadn’t given up so quickly on pushing out into space.

[@twistedyogert]

It would also be interesting if NASA had encouraged private spaceflight ventures.

[@rubydooby1679]

We gave up because people whine and whine and whine about social 'issues'. Money is constantly redirected to social causes at the expense of actual beneficial causes that push humans forward. All this money has been spent on social programs and after decades we have more social problems than ever!

[@dalethelander3781]

Following Apollo 11, public interest waned, except for an uptick during Apollo 13. People didn't give two dry shits, we beat the Russians, who cares? The public became apathetic and support for deep space exploration dried up. Nixon was sold an idea for a reuseable space plane that could, possibly, make the U.S. some money launching other countries' payloads on top of paying for itself. Yeah, THAT worked out well. And the public still didn't care. And they still don't care. Some people think space exploration is a hollow pursuit, up there with FPS video games and beer pong. You can't have a space program without the support of the general public.

[@beez1598]

@@rubydooby1679 What are you even talking about? We had tons of social issues receiving government funding in the 70’s. None of which had anything to do with NASA. Nobody gave up, funding got cut. They just went ahead and you know did other stuff like the space shuttle.

[@2KOOLURATOOLGaming]

@@rubydooby1679 How can you be so callous? I love space and all that it entails but... We can't just ignore Earth and say that our adventures will help it out one day. Change has to happen now and you don't always need a fancy new technology to do it. So I understand why people often say that "space travel is a money-pit, we should be focusing on issues at home".

[@technicalsupport6016]

Just read... Astronut Michael Collins has died at age 90.. Rip sir PHIL

[@matthewblack7206]

You might want to check your spelling, please.

[@flexairz]

@@matthewblack7206 Yup... Mike was no nut..

[@shinyoneincarnate5565]

Always use the inner woman, to get to the outer man, when you're the in-between. --- Swami G

[@roypatton1707]

I fully recognize the amount of work that went into making this video and I appreciate it, and you, for all of that work. It is so well written that I have no questions, even though I have never heard of the mission until now. Thank you for making it.

[@dmeemd7787]

Thank you Michael Collins for the millions of people you inspired and will continue to inspire! The true sad part with his passing, is knowing that people like him should have already been to Mars, etc. by now.. Anyway, I'm really enjoying this video! This is a story that is not told often enough! Awesome job as always 😊

[@Primus54]

Hello Amy. I continue to be amazed by the fascinating and somewhat unknown history you flawlessly research, script, present, record and edit. I’m a senior who watched Neil take that first step live and somehow I am catapulted back in time by your content. You are a North American treasure. RIP Michael Collins.

[@Primus54]

@John Murphy: Nice to hear from you. At 67 I enjoy the memories Amy rekindles. BTW, I am also named John. Cheers from Ohio!

[@steveskouson9620]

I was 12. Michael Collins, THANK YOU for just orbiting. Apollo 11 wouldn't, couldn't have happened, without you driving the getaway car. Like others have said, Rest in Peace. Shake Neil's hand up there. steve

[@glenkeating7333]

I'm 60. I watched Armstrong and Aldrin walk on the moon when I was 81/2 years old. Yes, she is a treasure. Born here in Canada and now making her home in the US. She is well read and prepared.

[@stewshore5508]

Thanks for sharing all your thorough research, I also saw the 1st Moon Landing and have NG Magazine with 45 RPM record of their audio recordings. Now I am in my mid 70’s, all of a sudden I have acquired a further interest in space. This past Winter, I found the Lego Models of the Saturn V Rocket, the Lunar Lander, the ISS and the Shuttle with the Hubble Telescope. I have assembled them all and bought several books on the programs. Keep me busy during the Pandemic Isolation.

[@AnonymousFreakYT]

RIP Michael Collins. The loneliest man off Earth. (For a short time.) LONG LIVE BUZZ!

[@rubydooby1679]

What about John Young? He did it first on Apollo 10...

[@meesalikeu]

@@rubydooby1679 WAT ABOUT LAIKA?

[@rodrigolefever2426]

@@meesalikeu he wanst a man

[@incargeek]

@@rubydooby1679Thats right!

[@melciadesfilho8450]

RIP Michael Collins!I wish God put you in a good place!Good afternoon for all

[@garygreene5084]

The Mariner 4 mission closest approach was July 15, 1965 - i stayed up late to listen to the JPL reports. It was launched on Nov. 28, 1964.

[@heavybreath]

There were 2 Mariner spacecraft to attempt the Mars flyby - Mariner 3 was lost during lauch when the payload fairing collapsed from aerodynamic loads and pinned the spacecraft inside so was unablw to deploy

[@perryspencer1135]

So intelligent, so classy, and passionate. The perfect vintage Lady. Thank you so much for the content, love seeing you again.

[@leefithian3704]

Yes , nice girl

[@LV_FUD80]

RIP, Michael Collins. Thank you for helping Apollo get there first.

[@planetvegan7843]

News flash: 'Merica was annihilated in the space race.

[@dalethelander3781]

@@planetvegan7843 After Sergei Korolev died, the Russians had no chance. The N1 was a dismal failure. Their Salyut stations were a nothingburger. The Buran-Energia was a bigger nothingburger. But, nice attempt at trolling.

[@fileoffish1403]

@@planetvegan7843 I don’t see Soviet flags on the moon

[@planetvegan7843]

Annihilation: 1957: First intercontinental ballistic missile and orbital launch vehicle, the R-7 Semyorka. 1957: First satellite, Sputnik 1. 1957: First animal in Earth orbit, the dog Laika on Sputnik 2. 1959: First rocket ignition in Earth orbit, first man-made object to escape Earth's gravity, Luna 1. 1959: First data communications, or telemetry, to and from outer space, Luna 1. 1959: First man-made object to pass near the Moon, first man-made object in Heliocentric orbit, Luna 1. 1959: First probe to impact the Moon, Luna 2. 1959: First images of the moon's far side, Luna 3. 1960: First animals to safely return from Earth orbit, the dogs Belka and Strelka on Sputnik 5. 1961: First probe launched to Venus, Venera 1. 1961: First person in space (International definition) and in Earth orbit, Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1, Vostok program. 1961: First person to spend over 24 hours in space Gherman Titov, Vostok 2 (also first person to sleep in space). 1962: First dual crewed spaceflight, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4. 1962: First probe launched to Mars, Mars 1. 1963: First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6. 1964: First multi-person crew (3), Voskhod 1. 1965: First extra-vehicular activity (EVA), by Alexsei Leonov,[23] Voskhod 2. 1965: First radio telescope in space, Zond 3. 1965: First probe to hit another planet of the Solar System (Venus), Venera 3. 1966: First probe to make a soft landing on and transmit from the surface of the Moon, Luna 9. 1966: First probe in lunar orbit, Luna 10. 1966: first image of the whole Earth disk, Molniya 1.[24] 1967: First uncrewed rendezvous and docking, Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188. 1968: First living beings to reach the Moon (circumlunar flights) and return unharmed to Earth, Russian tortoises and other lifeforms on Zond 5. 1969: First docking between two crewed craft in Earth orbit and exchange of crews, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5. 1970: First soil samples automatically extracted and returned to Earth from another celestial body, Luna 16. 1970: First robotic space rover, Lunokhod 1 on the Moon. 1970: First full interplanetary travel with a soft landing and useful data transmission. Data received from the surface of another planet of the Solar System (Venus), Venera 71971: First space station, Salyut 1. 1971: First probe to impact the surface of Mars, Mars 2. 1971: First probe to land on Mars, Mars 3. 1975: First probe to orbit Venus, to make a soft landing on Venus, first photos from the surface of Venus, Venera 9. 1980: First Hispanic and Black person in space, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez on Soyuz 38. 1984: First woman to walk in space, Svetlana Savitskaya (Salyut 7 space station). 1986: First crew to visit two separate space stations (Mir and Salyut 7). 1986: First probes to deploy robotic balloons into Venus atmosphere and to return pictures of a comet during close flyby Vega 1, Vega 2. 1986: First permanently crewed space station, Mir, 1986-2001, with a permanent presence on board (1989-1999). 1987: First crew to spend over one year in space, Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov on board of Soyuz TM-4 - Mir. 1988: First fully automated flight of a spaceplane (Buran).

[@planetvegan7843]

It was called the space race, not the moon race.

[@johnecoapollo7]

We should drop this video to the For all Mankind production team. I want to see this on my screen

[@AstroKiwi]

That's actually an awesome idea! I would for sure love to see this in season 3! We know that season 3 involves mars already, they could integrate this into the script (fingers crossed)

[@dalethelander3781]

Ronald D. Moore has a plan. Just like he did with Battlestar Galactica. A five-season plan. He's already got the next three seasons plotted out. There's interviews with Moore here on KZbin.

[@dalethelander3781]

@John Murphy Sure. Just not in our lifetimes.

[@rob052771]

Amy, I grew up in America as an elementary school student in the 70's, I have always been fascinated by space travel....I remember when Voyager 1 and 2 made their way through the solar system and showed the first "close up" pictures of the distant planets...so exciting! BTW, I love your channel Amy!

[@spudeleven5124]

A dress without a spider theme! What a concept! RIP Major General Collins.... :-(

[@marcrodrigue3355]

Dear Amy, my comment is just a drop in the ocean but I hope it will matter. I am in awe at how you keep us captivated just by your narration, with very few gadgetry or repetitive clips (a thing many other youtubers use over and over, showing how shallow their content is). I was 4 when I watched Apollo 11’s landing with my dad - not understanding everything obviously! As a teen and adult I became « addicted » to that pioneering era of the space age. Thank you for doing these videos. And I had not an inkling of that extensive Mars-Venus program. That video is a gem. Keep on!

[@gustavobolson8261]

Sad to say I heard the news just before coming here. RIP Michael Collins and thank you for show us that even the most amazing people are at their core people just like us, who have the luck and grit to do amazing things.

[@scotttheman4816]

Such a high level of professionalism equate to learning faster about complicated matters and deeper understanding of where we were. Well done Amy such, a beautiful way of honoring the space programs as well as honoring whoever made that dress.

[@greenpumpkin6650]

A beautiful woman and talk about space. A winning combination

[@hojoj.1974]

I watched Neil walk on the Moon live. And yet I've never heard of this Mission concept. Wow... Thank you so much for this.

[@dalethelander3781]

It wasn't well publicized, as were most things in the Apollo Applications Program.

[@willmoody707]

So that's how one pronounces "raison d'etre" 😃

[@masonbricke4568]

Those are my favorite raisins. Those French know what they're doing. ;)

[@mahatmarandy5977]

I actually wrote a pretty technically accurate short story about one of these Venus/Mars flyby missions. Used the correct launch windows and everything! I was pretty proud of it. Not a lot of actual science in most science fiction, so I was pretty proud I did all the research and stuff. I enjoyed your video. This particular subject is so obscure, I don't think I've ever heard anyone talk about it online before.

[@johannageisel5390]

Oh, where can we read this short story?

[@mmicoski]

Yes, is it selling somewhere? Is there a link?

[@SynthgodXXX]

Great episode! I would love to see a manned flyby of Venus in my lifetime. Seeing live footage of the planet Venus growing larger in HD using filters to drop the planet's glare... still the plan to do it after Apollo... wow

[@davidincalifornia3711]

Miss Amy, this was absolutely fascinating! In a the talk about a Mars mission, I had never heard of or considered the assistance that Venus could provide. Thank you for your work.

[@TheHylianBatman]

What a story! I'd love for humans to be on Venus and Mars at some point during my life. I'm young, so they've got time. RIP Michael Collins.

[@M2M-matt]

Yet another well-polished video and presentation of the facts. Thanks, Amy. :)

[@nicholasmolitor178]

1960's Project Orion, was the basis for my Amazon Novel The Fallen Star

[@youerny]

And I love your videos. Regarding 60s NASA and its today dark twin, it seems incredible how we've been able to go backwards, quite like from Roman Empire back to Dark Ages... I have great expectations for SPACEX, but if I could make a choice between Public and private, I would always support a public structure, for the good of all man Kind, not just the very rich.

[@JohnBeadling]

Wholesome, nerdy, and gorgeous. Thanks for the videos!

[@colmbolger2109]

Excellent video. As Joe Scott would say Good Work Old Chapette.

[@aiden22theastronaut72]

Man, I love this mission concept, wished this happened!

[@catch_me_if_you_can1147]

Maybe it will. With Starship the crazy seems possible again.

[@tomobrien6983]

Michael Collins, mission complete Sir!

[@twistedyogert]

@@catch_me_if_you_can1147 If Space X could make it work. I don't doubt that they could. I just can't see it happening anytime soon.

[@GumaroRVillamil]

The technology for a safe Mars mission simply wasn't there. Decades had to pass for us to learn about the dangers of extended time in microgravity, radiation, oxygen and water recycling landing systems, etc. We're almost there, but not quite yet.

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

@@GumaroRVillamil What's even the Mars mission profile? Everyone is concerned with getting there and back. What about the stay?

[@vhhawk]

Love this channel's work ethic. It makes a difficult subject accessible.

[@jamesfrangione8448]

Another fine job, Amy. Geez...there could be a really interesting book in the Apollo Applications Program. No pressure. ✌️❤️🚀

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Love your pun - no pressure Subject is Space haha

[@RyeOnHam]

This was a significant missed opportunity. Thanks for sharing. Would have loved to see Mike Collins filming under Venus light in the lab.

[@johnbockelie3899]

Fact about Apollo.11 mission. Michael Collins at one point while orbiting the moon actually forgot the area where the LEM.had landed, because of all the moon's surface began looking the same after a while. He eventually caught on to the landing site. R.I.P. Michael Collins, command module pilot, Apollo 11, 1969. Died at age 90.

[@scottavery9714]

I really appreciate these podcasts. I was 10 when Apollo 11 landed in July of 1969. Such an incredible time to be a kid. I still watch hours and hours of the videos on YT of the Apollo TV coverage. My friends think I'm nuts.

[@Radionut]

Thank you AST I’ve never heard of this before. Quite fascinating. And I love watching you and all the other shows you’re on. Thank you AST

[@goingballisticmotion5455]

As a 12 year in 1969 I remember reading a NatGeo article penned by Thomas Paine about a manned mission to Mars in 1981. I would like to learn more about those plans.

[@zzubra]

12:00 when I’ve researched direct-to-Mars vs, Venus-assist-to-Mars, the sources I’ve come across have said that direct-to-Mars usually requires less delta-v, contrary to what is being reported in the video. The main advantage of doing a Venus flyby in one direction but not the other is that this allows a shorter total trip duration for going to Mars and returning to Earth. This shorter trip duration means fewer supplies are needed which allows the total mass of the spacecraft to be less. So, using a Venus flyby does allow a less capable spacecraft to do the trip, but it’s because of the shorter trip duration, not because of lower delta-v. It’s not a lower delta-v itinerary.

[@supermaster2012]

You're right, the dV is the same no matter whether you go to a higher or lower orbit.

[@johnsuffill6520]

One of the people involved in the NASA plan for a mission to Mars was Amherst Villiers, the English engineer and portrait painter. He designed the chassis for the first Blue Bird record breaking car for Malcolm Campbell (the name Blue Bird became Bluebird in later years), he also designed and made the superchargers that would power the 4 1/2 litre 'Blower' Bentleys in the late 1920's. He later spent 20 years in America where he worked on a planned 10-man Moon base and the Mars mission you talked about. When he had spare time, he indulged in another of his loves, painting. Two of his portraits hang in the National Portrait Gallery in London, UK. One is of Formula One champion Graham Hill (Villiers also designed the engine that would take Hill to his 1962 championship), the other is of Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond. Villiers and Fleming were good friends, with the author giving his most famous creation, James Bond, a Blower Bentley to drive. Villiers also drew the first illustrations for another of Flemings' books, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. A remarkable man worthy of his own documentary.

[@jrherita]

Just gave this video the 10,000th up vote - great topic!

[@c7042]

I would like to hear more about Deke Slayton and how he navigated the Mercury through Apollo era. I've heard that he did finally get into space and wondered how that came about. I've missed a lot of the exciting space era of Apollo. I was in Asia at the time.

[@paultraynorbsc627]

Excellent Amy thanks for sharing

[@friendofcoal]

I always enjoy your stories..... RIP Astronaut Mike Collins. Godspeed to you for your final journey... may you be blessed at your destination.

[@JohnnyWednesday]

Thank you Amy :) hope you're well

[@laurogarza4953]

Brilliant! Well done! Much appreciated. Thank you for successfully collecting and collating all this disparate information and data developed over decades and producing this excellent and cogent description, with relevant illustrations, of what could have been and what may still become. Your productions are excellent and you make an excellent presentation with clear enunciation and perfect English. Well done.

[@MrJackHackney]

Another Apollo artist has left us. RIP Michael Collins. I have a reproduction of Snook One Launch. A mashup of his love for Space and fishing. I recently got his book and I guess it’s time to read it. Regarding your vid, landing humans on another planet is going to be a real PIA. That’s why Mars and Venus human flights have not happened yet. Even Musk says people are likely to die going to Mars. Landing humans on Venus may never happen....too damn hot!

[@oldgoat142]

RIP, Mike Collins, Apollo 11 Command Module pilot. A personal hero of mine as a young boy, as were many astronauts and one particular ballplayer, Roberto Clemente. I cannot help but think of a quote from General George Patton, another man I admired. "It is foolish and wrong to mourn the men who died. Rather, we should praise God that such men lived." As for the video, a wonderful and informative piece of history. Amy, you always come through with such delightful items.

[@rwboa22]

I did fly something like this, using Spaceflight Simulator., however with the rocket being a modified SLS Block 1B for the main body and and with the Orion CEV/ESM launched separately using a SLS Block 1A (using the SFS version of the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage, although in reality, it would have been modified to use the Aerojet AJ-10 engines in place of the RL-10 engines, allowing use of storable hypergolics propellents).

[@stevendunn264]

Your videos are a PHD in human space flight.

[@ChristopherDoll]

This was cool, Amy. I've always had a soft spot for Skylab, and the unrealized missions to Venus and Mars via AAP. Cheers!

[@Deeplycloseted435]

Love this channel. Always learn something new.

[@olentangy74]

It is really something how NASA planners had stars in thier eyes in early sixties. At least 20 Apollo missions, two Skylabs. And planetary travels.

[@cablewaffel7957]

I'm so glad we could get an in depth video about this. I love thinking about what could have been.

[@ghrey8282]

That was delightfully informative. Thank you!

[@eliwatson7936]

I’ve been waiting for a video on this for years, this is one of my favourite bits of space history

[@ln5321]

This would have been such a great stepping stone. Imagine if we had done manned flybys of Venus in the 70's. We could be much further ahead in manned spaceflight today.

[@grahamrankin4725]

I never heard about these proposals at the time. Maybe Vietnam and Watergate so dominated the news that it never got sufficient coverage. Wondering why the Venus flyby to Mars is never mentioned relative to current Mars landers.

[@lukestrawwalker]

Because NASA wants to take a brute force approach and just use rocket power to go there directly... If you've never read about Buzz Aldrin's "Mars cyclers" its an interesting concept that makes a LOT of sense. Basically they're more or less "permanent" spacecraft in an orbit that loops perpetually out to Mars and back down to Earth's orbit at regular intervals. Your Mars-bound spacecraft still has to accelerate to the delta-v necessary to match orbits, but then you can rendezvous and dock with it and use IT for your habitat/shelter for the trip out to Mars, using supplies either pre-positioned on board (or resupplied by launches from Earth that docked to it on previous encounters) or supplies you brought with you for the trip. Ride the cycler all the way out to Mars, and once you're in the vicinity of Mars, separate from the cycler which continues on its loop past Mars and starts heading back towards Earth again... meanwhile you burn your engines to set course for Mars and then decelerate into Mars orbit, and if landing, then enter Mars atmosphere and land. When you're done, take off from Mars, rendezvous and dock with your Mars ship in Mars orbit, then at the proper time, ignite your engines to blast out of Mars orbit and set course to rendezvous with the cycler (or a second cycler), dock with it, and ride it back to the vicinity of Earth, where you separate from it and do a short engine burn to set course for Earth entry, leaving the cycler behind to continue past Earth and heading back out for Mars on its own again... Later! OL J R :)

[@aggromando7323]

Loved Breaking the chains of gravity! Love your channel!

[@davidcole5285]

Always loved watching this I miss you and I wish you would come back

[@francispitts9440]

I’m glad I found this channel. Very well done and from a time period when I was young and becoming interested in the space program. Thanks.

[@davidgoff5883]

So glad I found your channel! 😊

[@JimBob4233]

Stephen Baxter wrote a book called 'Voyage', set in an alternate history where Jackie Kennedy died in Dallas and JFK survived, which led to NASA sending a mission on this flight path to land on Mars in the 11980s.

[@timallen6035]

Thank you for educating me about more potential missions that I did not know about.

[@donb1183]

Love the Dave Scott clips from Apollo 9 interspersed throughout the video

[@alexlandherr]

Thanks for the video Amy! Especially at this sad time...

[@vincitveritas3872]

Another great video Amy. Thank you

[@KJohansson]

This wednesday just got more informative and better! I always learn new (old) stuff from your videos!

[@lpetrich]

On how we learned about our Solar-System neighbors, Venus and Mars, I think that our host should do a video on that. She might discover some interesting things about those early days. I find it remarkable that the present understanding of those planets' surfaces was achieved in broad outline in the early to mid 1970's. So how that happened is well within "Vintage Space" purview.

[@lpetrich]

Doing that for Venus is an interesting and dramatic story. By the mid 1950's, astronomers had a good idea of the planet's size and a fairly good idea of its mass. They were sure that Venus was entirely covered with clouds, though they weren't sure what was underneath it. A tropical jungle? An ocean of water? An ocean of hydrocarbons? A desert? In 1958, a year after Sputnik 1, some radio astronomers looked at Venus with their telescope. They found that it had a surface temperature of about 300 C. Or was it some weird ionospheric effect with the same brightness? That issue was resolved by Mariner 2. In its 1962 flyby, it scanned across the planet, finding nearly constant surface temperature of around 300 C and finding a bit more brightness in the projected disk center than at its edge or limb. This supported the hot-surface theory. Around this time a young astronomer named Carl Sagan tried to calculate how much of a greenhouse effect CO2 would make. He found plenty. The next spacecraft to make it were Venera 4, and a day later, Mariner 5, in 1967. Venera 4 entered the planet's atmosphere, deployed its parachute, and slowly fell. Its last reported temperature was 250 C. Mariner 5 did a flyby, with its radio broadcasts going through the planet's atmosphere. This yielded a density profile that could be extrapolated to the planet's surface, giving a temperature of around 500 C and a pressure of around 75 - 100 bar. Soviet planetary scientists thought that Venera 4 had landed, while American ones thought that it had conked out on the way down. Despite this controversy, the Soviet ones took no chances with later Venus landers, and when one finally reported back from the planet's surface, Venera 7 in 1970, it reported some 475 C and 90 bar. Something weird about Mariner 2 and Mariner 5. They had no cameras, because all their designers expected to see was a "fuzzy white tennis ball". The first spacecraft to take pictures of Venus up close was Mariner 10 in 1972, which it did on its way to Mercury.

[@kbnikto6056]

Thanks Amy. I’d never heard about this mission until now. Very well done.

[@hotflashfoto]

This was a wonderful presentation. It shows just how knowledgeable you are and how hard you work to bring these to us. Thank you very much! PS: Love the dress.

[@miguelsenriquez5187]

You fit the lofi description this is awesome. I Enjoy your work thank you Vintage 🌺

[@michaelreid2329]

Thank you Amy, thoroughly enjoyable and very informative.

[@brickpopo4951]

Video idea up your alley. The early space program highly influenced the American auto industry. Many models were adorned with wings, nozzles and Ford even prototyped a nuclear car. Late 50's and early 60's cars brought space to the average man.

[@richwales4647]

Keep up the good work. I love your space stuff, but I'm also fascinated by history in general, and I wish you every success in branching out. I'm halfway through "Breaking the Chains of Gravity", and I just bought the e-book version of "Fighting for Space".

[@erfquake1]

Terrific video, Amy! Thanksthanks!

[@195511SM]

Just now learning of Mike Collins passing ( May 22nd ). I remember being 13, and propped up on the living room carpet......glued to the television, during the Apollo 11 mission. I think he was featured in the documentary 'In The Shadow Of The Moon'. I could be mistaken. I've lost track of how many films I've seen over the decades. THAT was a great one though.

[@Amedee360]

Thank you for your always well researched high quality presentations

[@theonlymonkeymagic]

Thanks Amy for a great coverage of the history of inner planet exploration.

[@DavidRodriguez-ou9fy]

Such an EXCELLENT job discussing the mission! You're very knowledgeable and a fine presenter! Love it!

[@andy-in-indy]

These are some of the most interest videos for me. I spent a lot of time reading about the how and why they did things for the achieved missions but spent much less time on the proposed and "what if" missions until just recently.

[@raygunstrange3179]

Love it......chock full of info, thanks AST.

[@markhuebner7580]

Thanks Amy! Beautiful work! Your comments about contingency planning remind me of current changes in our accepted model of the Universe, physics in particular, new evidence and ne favorite physics models.

[@peterspencer6442]

Excellent work, so informative!

[@mcpaplus]

I am just totally smitten by Amy. Intelligence, beauty and well spoken and an expert on my favorite topic. Sigh.

[@paulbriozzo4895]

Thanks for your video, I have read a great deal about Apollo missions, but this is amazing.

[@longboardfella5306]

How absolutely fascinating! Thanks so much for your great research and interesting presentations

[@lungotevere]

Great presentation! Thank you!

[@willhartsell2283]

Yay! I’m glad you did a video on this..I discovered the plan as a teenager in the 80s and thought it was the craziest idea.

[@burgerlord2488]

Hey Amy! I Just Wanted To Say I Seen You On The History Channel The Other Day And I Thought That Was Cool. Great Vid!

[@nolancain8792]

She’s on Travel Channel too, Mysteries At The Museum.

[@theharper1]

Great video! I hadn't heard of the Venus flyby to achieve a Mars flyby with Apollo hardware. It would have been like an extended Skylab mission which travelled! It's a shame that the NERVA engine concept was dropped, because nuclear propulsion would have made Mars direct much more achievable and the time exposed to solar and interstellar radiation lower. I'm not sure why so many NASA vehicle concepts have ignored the possibilities of combining the payloads of two or more launch vehicles. They established with Gemini that rendezvous was possible, so if you combined the payloads of two or more Saturn V (or contemporary) rockets, you could have a more meaningful interplanetary vehicle. :(

[@sartainja]

Superb presentation. RIP Mike Collins. G-d speed.

[@johnc.bojemski1757]

Miss Amy I'm sure your parents are justifiably proud of you. Anyone who's had kids WOULD be! Always amazed that such a young person can captyre and so deftly explain the complex concepts and the historical motivations behind them as well as YOU do! BRAVA!

[@BillPalmer]

Fascinating. Never heard of this before you mentioning it.

[@stevewilcox6375]

Thanks, Amy, I always enjoy your uploads! a joy to watch and well researched and presented as ever!