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The discovery of monazite sand dates back to the end of the 19th century, when scientists began to study the sediments found on some beaches around the world. In Brazil, the first occurrences were identified at the beginning of the 20th century, especially on the beaches of the coast of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. Monazite sand aroused interest due to its high concentration of rare minerals, such as monazite, which contains elements such as thorium and rare earths.
These sands have great industrial relevance, especially for the production of rare earths used in the manufacture of electronic components, permanent magnets, catalysts and other high-tech products. Thorium, present in monazite, has also been considered as a possible source of alternative nuclear fuel to uranium.
In Brazil, some of the best-known beaches containing monazite sand include Guarapari, in Espírito Santo, which became famous not only for the abundance of this material, but also for the belief in its therapeutic properties due to natural radioactivity. In addition to Guarapari, the beaches of Cumuruxatiba and Prado, in Bahia, and part of the coast of Rio de Janeiro also have significant reserves of this resource. The exploration of monazite sand, however, requires caution due to radioactivity and the need for environmental regulations. _____________________________________________________________________
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