The Science of Horse Racing and Horse Physiology w/ Neil deGrasse Tyson & Dr. Sarah White-Springer

Say it with us: mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly discover the original horse power, equine physiology, and the science behind the Kentucky Derby.
How do you get a horse to run fast? We break down how humans built society on the backs of horses and the different organelles inside of cells. What sort of research is happening on horses’ metabolism? We talk about the VO2 max and splenic contractions of equine athletes. Find out how horses blood dope themselves. Can horses altitude train? Learn about respiratory coupling and other horse-facts that’ll have you going Neighhh!
Can you carbo load a horse? How do you even get the horse to race? You can lead a horse to water, but can you get them to strength train? Learn about glycogen storage and the different ways people try to optimize their horses and the ethics behind it. How do you dope a horse? Sarah runs us through the dangerous ways that people try to enhance their horses and Chuck tells us about sewing testicles on a goat for some reason…
Learn about some of the research going into equine physiology and grow your understanding of how horses run so effectively. Sarah trots us through the sport of dressage, also known as horse dancing. How do you know if you have a dancing horse or a running horse? We explore how the horse’s back and tendons coil and how it compares to other runners in the animal world. Chuck gives us his pitch for a new TV competition “Dancing with the Mares” and his donkey dressage movie.
Thanks to our Patrons Cosmic Scapegoat, Tom Kearns, Valeri Williams, Zeki Majed, Ethan Fink, Mariano Quiroga, John Marc Roberson, Fredrik Östervald, Crimson, and Colt for supporting us this week.
NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free.
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About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
0:00 - Introduction
2:04 - Dr. Sarah-White Springer’s Credentials
3:30 - Horses’ Role In Human History
4:06 - A Horse’s Diet
6:20 - The Role Of Mitochondria
9:23 - Physiology Of A Horse
17:00 - How To Increase A Horse’s Performance
24:02 - Horse Exercises
26:37 - Horse Doping
29:55 - Equine Research Funding
32:20 - Dressage
39:38 - Horse Personalities
40:13 - A Horse’s Spine
42:16 - Closing Notes

[@kevinwalden4288]

Neil's face after the spaghetti joke was gold 😂😂😂

[@teknophyle1]

lol, that "😐 I've been punked" look.

[@icegold4461]

Great now i have to watch the whole thing.. lol

[@goonshow3423]

I was gonna say that too 😂😂😂😂

[@pejko89]

Hahahahaha

[@StarTalk]

We've never seen Neil make a face like that 😂

[@frogz]

you have GOT to bring sarah back, not just for sports edition too, she is such a good conversationalist and can keep up with both the jokes and the facts without missing a beat!

[@theunknownunknowns5168]

More like this please, Sarah is fantastic! Such a great communicator of science. Also I think this format is better than the pre pandemic stage show format.

[@patar3323]

Ya, Neil only has so much knowledge, it's cool to hear from these professionals that live it

[@StarTalk]

Thanks for the feedback! We'd love to have Sarah back on.

[@davetoms1]

18:48 "I'm kidding..." 🤣 oh my gosh Dr. White-Springer is fantastic. Please have her back!

[@StarTalk]

We'd love to!

[@genem2768]

Hah! Yes, the look of disappointment on Neil's face was heartbreaking.

[@TiptronicSS]

The chemistry between the 4 of them was perfect in this video! 😄

[@StarTalk]

Gotta agree!

[@d.a.b.2336]

I didn't expect this to be one of my favorite episodes. Thank you for the pleasant surprise. 🐎 🏇 🐴

[@StarTalk]

We're happy to hear it!

[@zima2252]

Mitochondria is the power horse of the cell.

[@OnlyLyricsMatter]

Damn, beat me to it.

[@mattevans-koch9353]

You have to have Dr. White-Springer back on. What a delight. My daughter and grand-daughter are both active in dressage and would love to hear her talk about training the horse. Thank you all for another fantastic Friday evening of laughter and learning.

[@Kabbaler]

Watching star talk is like having good ptsd from learning something new in school. It’s almost addicting to re learn information we’ve forgot over the years from our childhood and early teenage years.

[@mona8055]

This is an amazingly enjoyable informative episode! Thank you for bringing Dr. Sarah. More of this will be great

[@dalejacobs5193]

Definitely one of my top 10 episode, I love horses. Please get Sarah back i would love to hear more.

[@ayinke1481]

I was surprised how much I really enjoyed this episode....smiled all the way through and learned so much 😁👌🏽👏🏽

[@StarTalk]

So glad you enjoyed it!

[@pejko89]

This show is so inspiring. I've got to see so many great people, but what fascinates me is how pleasant most of them are. I really wish I had achieved more in my life. I hope my daughter gets to be like some of those cool, polite, smart people one day

[@richardvandeursen2395]

Interesting episode. Horse racing was called the sport of kings. Very expensive horses are. To maintain and feed for the reasons explained here. I was a bit surprised at how much is still not known about equine physiology.

[@von4297]

I learned a lot this episode. Thank you all again and thank you Dr. White-Springer, it was very interesting to listen to you speak on this topic.

[@Voodoo_Robot]

41:42 what is even more mindblowing is the fact that at that moment the whole weight of the horse is on one finger

[@connorlappe2418]

She is like a smart version of pam from the office 😂 this episode was fantastic. Chuck had me cracking up.

[@DaBlondDude]

This was surprisingly informative and her quick sense of humour makes her teaching experience obvious lol

[@StarTalk]

Love those teachers.

[@MeelaudBoozary]

Chuck makes these episodes gold.

[@andromeda_is_rad]

Hey Neil! I’d like to ask you something real quick. So I’m getting into high school soon, and I’d like to ask you some thing that I would want to study stars or nebulae and stuff. What courses would I want to take for high school in order to acquire jobs? Maybe even college? What would I want to major in?

[@amandamoushabek3955]

When I was a freshman in high school I took astronomy at my local community College, it was amazing! They hade a solarium and the class room had reclined seats that looked up to a domed roof that they projected the night sky on. I would look into doing that. Speak to your school counselor about it, its called concurrent enrollment and it will be a great start to getting your feet wet. Also, you will want to do well in math, definitely work up to calculus by the time you graduate if possible, a lot of science especially physics and astrophysics require a solid foundation of math like trigonometry and calculus specifically. And take physics as well when you can. This all won't happen freshman and sophomore year but you will get there eventually. Sometimes you can get college credit for it too if you take the AP exams. Sorry I know I am no where near Neil Degrasse Tyson, but I wanted to share this with you because I wish someone had told me this exact thing when I was your age. Chase your dreams and chase your passions.

[@paul4280]

You should be taking classes that interest you. Try and experiment with every subject, see what you like and don’t like. Stop asking someone else what YOU should do with YOUR life.

[@antifajesus]

Make sure you take a physics class

[@itoro5833]

@@paul4280 3x

[@heathermarietrembly5480]

This is one of the best horse videos I've ever seen, thank you!

[@checkoutidoubt1367]

Thank you for beeing my motivation!

[@SteveC38]

Another Awesome Show! Well Done EveryBody!

[@supergerard25]

Chuck Nice is so funny! I miss him in the newer videos😭😭😭

[@anthonyarmstrong1460]

This program like the other ones has such good conversation and is full of warm and interesting content it doesn't need fancy gif's and computer generated visuals to make it exciting and interesting, in fact I think that would take away from it...,maybe.

[@RLarson3000]

Chuck is the gosh darn greatest!

[@sapelesteve]

Very interesting discussion Neil. In a follow up segment you should ask Dr. Sarah what made horses like Secretariat run so much faster than their competition. I read somewhere that Secretariat had a much bigger heart than other horses & therefore was able to pump more blood for better oxygenation & delivery to the muscles. Fascination topic overall! Thanks. 👍👍😉😉

[@tigershirew7409]

I have watched a few documentaries on Secretariat and it was both his heart and lungs that were bigger than average. They don't really know how fast he could have gone because he was never really pushed. He was an anomaly - he did not pass on any of that to any of his offspring.

[@samihawasli7408]

I’m going to start using “sowing testicles on a goat”. That was fantastic

[@anthonycraig274]

I just arrived in New York yesterday and the amount of questions I had about looking for a job was ridiculous before entering.

[@thomasthompson5613]

Gary seemed thrilled.

[@nadiacarrim4820]

She’s awesome!!! I love this show xD you all are so funny

[@Backyard.Archery]

Wow… that was fascinating!

[@ianmedina4132]

Sarah was great! Horses have a combination of both slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. Fast twitch horses are better at sprints and short bursts of speed. Slower twitching horses tend to have have more endurance and stamina. Thoroughbreds on average have 80 to 90% fast-twitch muscle fibers, while Arabian and Standardbred horses have up to 70% fast-twitch fibers. Are there any beneficial feed/vitamins/minerals/supplements which can specifically serve to maintain and enhance both fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers in horses?

[@hollywood1281]

This was great!!!!

[@kayteepage262]

My 2 greatest passions collide space stuff and horse stuff

[@awakening_bryan]

Chuck is the best damn it

[@kevinbreckenridge6729]

My grandmother was pretty much a "horse Whisperer ",she would have enjoyed this. Rode her horse to school as a little girl

[@Chickenandrice485]

Loves you guys!!!!!

[@justincosby6809]

Thank U neil

[@Fiction_Beast]

Just a quick note, horses run from wolves, not lions. I guess Zebras live in the same area as lions but horses with the wolves.

[@stardust-rebel]

My sister was a champion dressage competitor for a large section of her young life and would agree that the horse-rider relationship takes months and years to develop. The horse needs to feel comfortable and confident with the routine or it will let you know in its movements that, " today is not the day ".

[@HOLLAifYouFEARme]

Support✊🏾

[@randoedits6906]

Dear Mr Tyson, I know this is off topic but I can't get this one out of my head and I really hope you can help me with this. I don't know if anyone has thought this but I'm having a problem and I'm going to try a thought experiment to illustrate my issue and maybe figure our where my fault is. Imagine a magic light source with eyes and hands that can observe. It holds a magic infinity spool of string which the rate it is pulled off is measured. Another magic lightbulb with eyes and hands grabs the string and rides with the photons coming off the first light of the big bang. Both lightbulbs produce their own photons that the other can see. The bulb takes the string with them to the end of this observable universe marking the string every light year and measure the redshift relative to the other bulb as they redshifts out of the observable universe . Year one, our string is coming off the spool at the speed of c, it is one lightyear long and the redshift for both observers is one light year long both ways with negligible time dilation. We get to 2 light years away and make our measurements. Our string at the spool is still moving at c, and now is 2 light years long, but redshift measurements for each observer now gives a greater distance value of 2 light years 2x dilation. The photon has seemingly traveled an even greater distance according to both observers redshift measurements. Even though they both have physical locations on the string with verified lengths of 2 light years at either end. 3 light years away and we see the redshift say 3 light years + even more dilation. The further we travel the more dilation the photon is subjected to in it's redshift and the further it appears to get "ahead" of the string measurement/speed at the reel. So what kind of observations would be made as we near the end of the journey relative to the light sources and the string? Would it not appear to each observer they were both accelerating faster and faster due to the dilation while each still holding the string knowing the string at the spool is moving at c? A verifiable/reliable speed/length? What happens if spacetime is compressed or stretched in between the start and end of the journey at anytime between the two points? Wouldn't that change the dilation values in the redshift too while leaving the measurements of the string the same? How do we know such pockets do not exist between us and our redshift measurements today? Wouldn't we need a real time spacetime map to be able to accurately calculate the actual spacetime coordinates? Without one wouldn't our measurements get more inaccurate the further out we were measuring? I understand we use standard candles but wouldn't they be subject to the same issues? I mean if the big bang was moving at the speed of light like the magic light in the thought experiment then the dilation on anything we see at the edge of the observable universe is at the most extreme we could ever naturally see on Earth and they would most certainly appear like they would be accelerating. Like how do we know for sure they are and it isn't just dilation? I'm sure I am being ignorant of something here but to me this seems more logical then the universe is expanding because it would have similar if not the same observational effects as the raisin bread analogy? It also wouldn't require the need for the creation of vacuum energy breaking thermodynamics to explain the constant acceleration? Also wouldn't there be a "stacking" effect with the dilation? Like the first light year is dilated by the 2nd, and the 1st and 2nd would be dilated by the 3rd and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd get more dilated in the 4th year? Wouldn't it explain why we don't see the same expansion rates in our own local systems? Sorry if this is confusing/completely wrong but I just really have been wondering a long time about this one.

[@ryanearl6118]

27:53 god I love chucks mind haha

[@lynnlobliner3933]

I can't pass up saying, go find Secretariat's Belmont Stakes run, ending 31 lengths ahead of the pack back in '73 (google says he wasn't touched at all with the whip). The 5 minute one is best (no music, not set up) but there's lining up and at the end (3:24) the owners' reaction (which you can quit). Your mouth will be agape. And I'm not into horse racing at all. I didn't see this back in the day and not until in the last couple of years.

[@eli68w]

I love that Dr. White-Springer is wearing a gaming headset

[@gregoryjackson2510]

Physiology of the Spiritual (Quick Guide) -The pleasurable “chills” or “goosebumps” (aka frisson) experienced when listening to music, watching movies, viewing art, dancing etc. is a sensation that is sustainable for long periods and increases in intensity with dedication. It is the sensation needed to enter higher energy states of consciousness known as the Jhanas as well as to self-induce out of body experiences from a meditative state (visualization techniques are also required for OBEs). -If you pursue this sensation within yourself by attempting to feel it as much as possible (all day, every day if you are able), it builds in strength significantly over time to the point where it becomes a full body sensation with the pinnacle being at the crown of the skull. You must become your own experiment as each individual’s set of beliefs and emotional reactions are unique. -One fundamental key to the sensation is to achieve states of genuine, positive emotions such as love, gratitude, inspiration, courage, joy, unity etc. Therefore, anything that enables you to feel these emotions will work. Conversely, anything that prevents these, will prevent your sensation. Control of thought is the key. -It is important to take a non-judgmental perspective of all things, including yourself, in order to cultivate acceptance and love within yourself. Try to be honest with yourself at all times. Trust your feelings and intuitions. -Be patient and be understanding of yourself if you think you are struggling. This is a progression and it will take some time to strengthen, especially while first beginning to induce in meditation, as your brain reforms its pathways via neuroplasticity (weeks to many months depending on effort). Love yourself unconditionally for the greatest success. -Your sensation will inevitably grow in strength with persistence and you will begin to feel it more easily to a broader range of stimuli. You will eventually realize it is not the stimuli at all, but only your emotional state and control of your mind/thoughts that matter. -It is this same sensation that monks attempt to achieve during meditation and chanting. The chants or mantras are to create vibrations in the chest which can help stimulate the sensation as well as to keep one’s focus single pointed. -It is the same sensation that “spirit runners” or indigenous long-distance runners attempt to achieve. Also called “runner’s high” in the west. -The current scientific term for the sensation is “Frisson” and it remains relatively unexplained in the public sector being reduced simply to a release of endorphins. -Other names include: Chakra Energy, Kundalini, Prana, Mana, Qi, Chi, Holy Spirit, life force, vibration among others depending on your cultural lens. -In the CIA analysis of the Gateway Process for consciousness it is described as “a self-stimulation of the pleasure centers in the brain caused by the circulation of a ‘current’ along the sensory cortex.” www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210016-5.pdf -Remember to always internalize there is no wrong way, only learning and growth. Don’t judge, just love.

[@Rob-eg8qc]

In simple terms the brain releases chemicals.

[@gregoryjackson2510]

@@Rob-eg8qc That's a small part. It has more to do with the circulation of bio-electric currents along the sensory cortex when there is a self-stimulation of the pleasure centers of the brain (aka frisson). Also, synchronizing the bifurcation echo of the heart to maximize resonance within the body. In other words, it has to do with the EMF generated by the heart as well as the standing acoustics in the body. The chemicals produced are simply one part. I recommend reading the article. It's quite eye opening. It's important to note that this sensation is sustainable over long periods of time and has a tremendous impact on one's mental health and overall well-being, including physical...This is simply not taught to us in the west. Much love.

[@Darkelementsx22]

Alright horse power!

[@cedricsullivan9499]

They made a movie about a zebra that wanted to race, it was called racing stripes.

[@OmarATg]

If andromeda galaxy is 2 million light years away and I look at it as it is 2 million years in the past, but if it comes towards us how can we see it in the past when it’s moving in almost the speed of light? We either see it in real time or how can you explain?

[@pkkilla2]

Chuck for President 😂

[@selwynvandecruize4661]

Is it really necessary and true that if an horse leg is broken, he must be putted down?

[@antifajesus]

Unfortunately it's not,but.....

[@Devon1001]

Appreciate that snoop dogg reference lol

[@Blue_3rd]

Good show. By the way, you can say that Gary is from England - not the UK. No one says England any more. ✌️

[@emykus7717]

Here's an interesting question: Could us knowing and understanding how other animals do certain things allow our human DNA to make adjustments with our future generations? Asuming we physically change accourding to evolution, where we adapt to our environment. Like why couldn't human beings make small adjustments to it's DNA not just based on adaptation of our environment but also of our knowledge of what other creatures do. Mimic them essentially.

[@sadfsdfasdasd4773]

theres an endless list of things of animal biology research that has and is being used in human medicine, insuline for one.

[@okaydetar821]

Well we will not be able to splice together dna from other animals all jurassic park style if that's what you are asking, but yes, the more we know about genetics in general, the more we will know how to make use of it and apply it to ourselves, and non human animals have a lot of genetics to learn from and about, but ultimately we can't just assume that a specific sequence in horses for example, would translate and have the same effects in humans that it does in them, we would need to have any changes made to our genetics be specifically based on our understanding of the human genome, and not any other creatures.

[@CaliforniaBushman]

Mules: "Hey, wait a minute!"

[@cornellwaters8969]

Thank You🙂steroids explained.

[@realfoggy]

The nitrous oxide for horses?

[@theduder2617]

On my day(s) off, as rare as they can be, I think my body only puts out 3/10ths of 3/10ths of one horsepower at most. In fact, I needed a push just to get to the end of the previous sentence. Last two sentences were gravity assisted. lol

[@king5phenom]

Hitting us with another one 👀 more videosss!!!💯❤️💫🌟✨

[@ensign926]

A slinky horse 🐎 got me 😆 🤣

[@MrLee43]

I think sometimes Chuck has to remind the viewers that he's smart too, but then he's also funny lol. Nice move Chuck

[@nathanperaza373]

Neil contemplating life after that spaghetti set up 😂

[@ibeenthere]

funny thing is Seuss in Hebrew means horse :) So I guess it truly is a doctor Suess story here :)

[@Morelorrr]

Scientific dad hokes are like on a whole other level 😁😂

[@scottcarr8738]

I love dressage!

[@nyc220guy]

So, basically Dr. White Springer is the real live version of Dr. Beth Smith from Rick and Morty.

[@birdlife4065]

Why is the universe the number two duality such as up down heavy light dark light in the movie Hitchhikers in the University asked the question of the universe my answer is 2 fan Neil you rock

[@hrgwea]

22:30 There's no element called "Selerium", he's probably referring to Tellurium.

[@mariotrejo9922]

Selenium

[@hrgwea]

@@mariotrejo9922 He did say Selenium, but he also named another element. That other element must be Tellurium.

[@Sinnbad21]

He says “Tellurium and Selenium….”

[@getfree6736]

It sounded more like "Solarium and Selenium".

[@Comrade_Tokoloshe]

What's with all the re-broadcasting of old videos lately?

[@drunkentriloquist9993]

Can see train my horse? Mr Ed😁

[@ryanhaag8091]

Mkay I can’t play video games like I did becuase of my TBI’s, traumatic brain injurys from multiple strokes then a car crash, but I had snacks and energy drinks before and after battles…ssssoooooooo, like any extreme sports, it’s an ultimate fuel tool to destroy the « bad guys »😏

[@madskjosavik5959]

not only vitamins, but where they came from

[@madskjosavik5959]

not in food and such, but also Geo location.

[@StarTalk]

What's your favorite horse fact?

[@Izz_1321]

I always wonder why is there is circle's in about everything there is in the universe. I know a circle is the simplest way of something forming but why is it that it is so common in everything in the universe. Such as product we mostly use is in a shape of a circle, our body's have circler shapes object's, the planets, I can name a lot but why?

[@lavryk]

Probably because of gravity. Circle will be a shape to have max area with min perimeter, sphere will be a max inner volume with min surface area etc.

[@Gerard1971]

I wonder what this has to do with the subject of this video, but gravity wants to pull all mass towards the center of mass, so that mostly results in spheres (hydrostatic equilibrium), and also: everything in the universe is spinning, which actually causes planets and stars to not be perfect spheres, due to the centrifugal forces they have a slight equatorial bulge. There are also other shapes, for example, the north pole of Saturn has a hexagonal cloud pattern.

[@Izz_1321]

@@Gerard1971 idk just a question i've been thinking about, but definitely gravity plays a key role in this.

[@Hippiekinkster]

Chuck, Texas horses don't eat cheeseburgers, they eat NACHOS. Think, man!

[@waleedgaming4910]

Chuck was not "on it" in this interview Something was up with him.

[@victormohanraj6799]

Civilization is very much associated with agriculture. So also horces.

[@Gerard1971]

Horsepower is such a strange unit, since a horse can exert a power of nearly 15 hp. Also, the ethics of using horses (or any animal) in sports is questionable.

[@frogz]

and the average human can put out over 1.2 hp for short bursts and .3 hp indefinitely which is nearly 900 watts and over 200 watts, athletes can put out over 2.5 hp!

[@frogz]

btw, the new unit of measure for rockets is exploding horses, js

[@okaydetar821]

We use animals for food, using them for sport isn't any more questionable than that imo, also 1 horsepower was meant to be the ammount of power a horse can sustain for a extended period of time, 15hp is the max they can produce for short bursts, so they can peak out at 15 times there typical power output.

[@fruduboggins4295]

Horses, cows, and dogs deserve human respect. Not cats, they're just freeloaders.

[@Hippiekinkster]

Cats are vermin.

[@djrakman3909]

the cow helped civilisation much more than horses

[@OMJunkie]

the mitochondria is the POWERHOUSE of the cell

[@usern4metak3ns]

He said skeeleetel

[@lolitaalmostgrown]

I have mitochondrial disease. It’s a whole body nightmare.

[@Jeff-vk3dz]

Hi neil

[@NeverPullOutInMexico]

this DR IS HOT AF!

[@bobman929]

he forgot to mention "-emia, meaning presence in blood"

[@30MrBappMan]

That’s why horses ark there head when they run so they can see better

[@mikemay3557]

Lol that's a wtf chuck moment...

[@afconnelly]

The average cow runs a mile in 3m 30s.

[@rbee6507]

Got me over here like Neil thinking how cool it is that Horses love spaghetti...🤦🏾‍♂️

[@benjaminnoel2416]

All these smart jokes are fun.

[@ASIRA89]

The greatest thing I take away from this is the mental image of people riding on horses, trying to hunt down wild cows.

[@michaelchaney5909]

I’m befuddled. Horsepower seems so basic of a measurement for a lot that is advanced passed the horse itself.

[@davidmurphy563]

Honestly, I don't think it's helpful. If you measure power in Watts, then you can turn that into energy, distance and time with trivial ease. This many Watts will move this many Kgs so far given this and that. You're dealing with fundamentals and it just works. Honestly, turning it into horse measurements... Come on, the French had a point. And by "French" I mean "renaissance". And by renaissance I mean science.

[@michaelchaney5909]

@@davidmurphy563 That is exactly my point. It’s taking the advances of science and making them diminutive, and to what, “make the video palatable for the less than intellectual.” ??? I enjoy being mentally challenged by the normal conversations. I get that measurements in sports also helped with the evolving of scientific measurement, but it’s so primitive it’s almost derelict; If the format is vehicular, it’s societally otherwise by 2/3 of the Caucasian populace, so there’s the attachment. I don’t enjoy the “dumbed and dimmed down” content. It’s just deliberate.

[@okaydetar821]

@@michaelchaney5909 1 horsepower is 746 watts, just do the conversions in your head if you want to be mentally challenged, its even more mentally challenging that way than if he just gave you the answer. Otherwise just accept that horespower is an actual unit of measurement, and deal with it.

[@johnnicholson8811]

But there are cows that run about 55 mph, they are called dear.

[@Hippiekinkster]

They only run that fast on Black Fridays when the doors to the stores open.

[@resonant_theories]

some like it weird! ever seen weird science?

[@whitepony8443]

Really? I would like to see horses running on the plane.

[@TiptronicSS]

Dad jokes 😂😂

[@Avalaraeon]

Dr. Sarah needs tenure.... just sayin’

[@kirisweeks8673]

Yey!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@andagain21]

A slinky horse with a flexi- back! Lol!