The Search for Dark Matter - Professor Carolin Crawford

An introduction to the hunt for dark matter that takes us up to the most current research and theories: www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and...
Unlike the stars and galaxies, dark matter does not give off any radiation - we can only detect it through its gravitational pull. It accounts for a quarter of the Universe, yet we do not yet understand what it is made of. The search for a better understanding of dark matter is carried out both out in space and deep underground, and where astrophysics meets particle physics.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College Website: www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and...
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[@ReadTheShrill]

What I like about her lectures is that there's no "fluff". So many lectures are 50%+ science HISTORY. I don't care about who created/discovered what; I care about how it works.

[@AWOL401]

Wow, what a great lecturer. She does a great job of explaining complicated concepts as simply as possible.

[@SupernovaA-dj8dh]

Yay, another Carolin Crawford lecture! She is getting to be just about my favorite lecturer on KZbin.Tegmark, Krauss, Sean Carroll are all fine, too.

[@kennethflorek8532]

Easily the most thorough and understandable exposition of why dark matter is not understood. That is saying something, in proportion to the fact that this is an ultra hot topic that everbody wants to do and has done. So many of these presentations proceed too breezily over why normal matter fails to produce an explanation, not Carolin Crawford's style.

[@brianmcnellis5512]

It's an industry that won't go away.

[@CreativeContention]

Brilliant lecture, completely enthralling. Thank you.

[@jamesdolan4042]

An extremely, focused, very informative lecture on an intriguing subject matter I know little about from your perspective. Thank you Ms Crawford.

[@IceFerret2]

So very happy she is back.

[@Nothrazim]

Hurray, another lecture by Crawford!

[@bernardfernandez3177]

She’s fantastic!

[@randellporter8747]

Thanks Professor Crawford. This is a terrific lecture.

[@sagarjc5423]

First time I completely saw a lecture video on KZbin ...Amazing explanation.

[@moses245]

Love this speaker...

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

for me,....she is simply the best in the world! !! merci Mme. Crawford

[@ronaldderooij1774]

Crawford is good!

[@joyecolbeck4490]

Very interesting and engaging. The sound has a terrible whistle at times, but still a great lecture Thankyou.

[@HamidTaoumi]

Brillant lecture. Thank you for sharing. Why we don't think about the gravitational interactions of massive objects that perhaps exist in the extra dimensions of our universe?

[@marynarwhal1001]

Enjoyed this. She puts it together in words well. Was good listening to even without images because i just listened

[@ronaldderooij1774]

+Mary Narwhal Which is rare, I suppose?

[@quantumofspace1367]

I have an awesome idea! Suppose that the dark side of the universe consists of short-term interactions in fractals, the smallest quantum operators in energy, spherical rosebuds, consisting of a large set: 1 - rolled into a sphere, 2 - half collapsed into a sphere and 3 - flat, vibrating quantum membranes relative to their working centers in the sphere.

[@n_oosphere]

Amazing!

[@ianwixom7305]

This is a very interesting lecture.

[@brianmcnellis5512]

No, D.M. is an industry that won't go away.

[@bo0tsy1]

Great upload

[@googeeish]

Thank you

[@kevinwilliams5873]

Is she colour blind? If you are reading this, you have done a lot of great lectures, and when I see it is you talking, I know I am in for a good listen. Good luck and keep up the good work. Cheers.

[@propellerhead9197]

Would someone please explain to me how Dark Matter, If it exist, effects the galaxy gravitationally but doesn't effect the solar system in the same way. If the galaxy is rotating too fast and the solar system is in the galaxy then you would think the solar system would behave the same way... Right?? Or am I missing something? I can't be the only one to think this way... Please explain.. Thank you.

[@enormousforce]

What's the commonalities that we about that exist between dark matter, dark energy, and black holes?

[@sinarain101]

Thanks, I learned a lot.

[@RichardDLewis41]

I would like to propose a dark matter candidate not mentioned in this presentation. The dark matter candidate is neutron groups. A neutron group is a group of two or more neutrons which are bonded together and can be described as an atomic nucleus without the protons and of course no orbital electrons. Such neutron groups would be stable just as neutrons in an atomic nucleus are stable. A single independent neutron will decay into a proton and an electron with a mean lifetime before decay of around 15 minutes. A neutron group does not decay just as a neutron in a nucleus does not normally decay.A neutron group would be invisible an unaffected by light. More about the formation of neutron groups here: www.academia.edu/5009126/The_evolution_of_the_universe Or search Google for: Richard Lewis The Evolution of the Universe

[@naimulhaq9626]

That we do not properly understand the behavior of galaxy in a cluster (failing to account for gravity) seems to contain some unknown secret that accounts for galaxies tumbling into each other rather getting away from each other, predicted by the expansion theory.

[@STAYYZ]

Why do they think dark matter is matter? All they know is that spacetime is too warped for the amount of visible matter. It is quite possible that matter is not the only thing that bends space time to created gravity. It is quite possibile something else is causing dimples in spacetime (creating gravity pockets) and matter just falls into them naturally. If that is the case then dark matter particles will never be found because dark matter are just "dimples" in spacetime where matter collects. If space is a fabric the dark energy would push space apart creating wrinkles and pockets on the surface of the fabric where matter would collect...more needs to known about space. Looking for a particle may be fruitless.

[@beppe9638]

So whatever it is that bend spacetime they call it darkmatter, it's just a name. They are looking for a particle because that's how we know things exist.

[@kylerodgers4406]

The greatest thing that you said was: the only difference between the atom and the universe is size....

[@naimulhaq9626]

Illuminating and very well presented. That dark matter is attractive while dark energy is repulsive, seems to hold an essential part of the big bang that also produced particles and anti-particles, etc., almost like complex conjugation.

[@zhouhomevideo5325]

Andy

[@myfavoratesongs2066]

We need dark matter in galaxies in order to hold their formation, do we need to count dark matter's effect on our solar system? as I know, we just need Newton's gravity equation to predict planet's movement, if so, does dark matter not exit in our solar( smaller) system?

[@ghostfacechilla1027]

I think that most dark matter and energy is believed to be in deep space, this is also where it is at its most strongest. dark matter and energy is all around us but a lot weaker.

[@nmarbletoe8210]

"Let’s calculate it,” the professor said to me, and so we spent the next half-hour doing just that. When we finished, we’d found that about 10^13 kg of dark matter ought to be felt by Earth’s orbit, while around 10^17 kg would be felt by a planet like Neptune. These values are tiny; the Sun has a mass of 2 ✕ 10^30 kg, while values in the 10^13 - 10^17 kg range are the mass of a single modest asteroid. Someday, we may understand the Solar System well enough that such tiny differences will be detectable, but we’re a good factor of 100,000+ away from that right now." scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2013/07/03/does-dark-matter-affect-the-motion-of-the-solar-system/

[@briangalloway4193]

Thought provoking! But I fail to see how the structure of the universe can be influenced by our understanding of it. Our minds aren't that powerful, which probably means I misunderstood what she meant at 2:42.

[@marktester5799]

+Brian Galloway I think she was saying that how we understand the universe on the largest scales (namely General Relativity) could be influenced by applying Quantum Mechanics. The "disparate parts of physics" she was talking about at 2:22 are General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.

[@briangalloway4193]

That makes sense! Thanks.

[@specialkonacid6574]

If gravity is such a weak force, why does it rule the universe?

[@johnries5593]

Why would not dark matter interact with electromagnetic radiation (even to reflect or absorb light, etc)? Large amounts (ie. 90% or more of the typical galaxy) of invisible matter that interact only with gravity don't strike me as plausible, or necessary. Stars are typically light years apart, which leaves lots of room for other stuff, which would be difficult to see from a distance if it doesn't emit electromagnetic radiation and is not in the immediate vicinity of a star.

[@klaushimmler6896]

Gravity is a change of spacetime. It is not a force that comes out of a mass and pulls another mass. Therefore we should look for something that can change spacetime.

[@johnries5593]

Any chance the standard model of cosmologic evolution is wrong?

[@jaredstokes9895]

Is there a chance that humans don't understand everything and have made mistakes? Gee, let me think.

[@damienbinladin2899]

New form through compression and out negativity override so charges of matter are formless and Placid able to obtain

[@JavaBlues]

Wouldn't the argument about the galaxies moving to fast to be held in by the observable mass in the cluster apply to the solar system. The speeds of the planets in the solar system are consistent with Newton's laws with no appeal to dark matter necessary.

[@derfunkhaus]

I'm no expert but I believe the point is that the planets in the solar system are not moving faster than we would expect, which is why no appeal to dark matter is necessary. In contrast, the speeds of stars orbiting the galactic center _is_ faster than would be explained by Newton's laws, i.e. faster than should be contained in orbit than the mass of the observable matter. i.e. The speeds are first observed in either case, and in the case of the planets in our solar system, their speeds do not exceed the sun's ability to attract them via gravity.

[@thedeester100]

Is this still applicable? We now know there are millions of black holes, and supermassive black holes in the centre of galaxies. The gravity inside a black hole is infinite so in effect there is infinite gravity in the universe. Shouldn't we actually be looking for what's stopping the whole universe collapsing into black holes and not what is stopping runaway expansion?

[@andrewanderson737]

black holes do not have infinite mass and therfore gravity. if our sun clapsed into a black hole now(wich will never happen) the earth would mantain its present orbit as the black hole would have exactly the same mass.

[@moking1761]

Hi Andrew, You'r interest in the cosmic is enlightening but you must read up and do a bit more research. To start our sun does not have sufficient mass to form a black hole. Most black holes, at least in theory have in excess of 10,000,000 suns of our sun's size within them. Personally I like to think that a super large black hole that ruptures the spacetime continuum erupts in the past as an expanding new universe. The theory may be wrong but it answers so many questions about the expanding cosmos. Lastly If the sun did have sufficient mass to form a black hole then the solar system would be the first matter to be pulled into it, then the rest of our universe. Regards MoK

[@StuartMarongwe]

The excess X-rays can be explained as arising from the interaction of the solar wind with space-junk orbiting around the planet. This is a more plausible explanation than the more exotic axion dark matter explanation.

[@christophersalter3555]

If dark matter is never found would that destroy the current big bang theory and what is thought to be the current theory of cosmology?

[@brianmcnellis5512]

Dark matter is an industry now. *It won't be leaving anytime soon *People are getting phds inthe theory of dark matter which is not a theory at all. *it is the escape velocity of supermassive black holes that hold a Galaxy together not dark matter.

[@brianmcnellis5512]

Science cannot calculate the escape velocity of supermassive black holes.

[@lesjohnson9740]

Are we going Neutrino's? Prof. Carolin.

[@TheAmethyz]

We know mass has gravity but what if gravity doesn't need mass? Dark matter could just be extra gravity without mass?

[@cymoonrbacpro9426]

TheAmethyz you sound like a video game.

[@mrlopez-pz7pu]

@@cymoonrbacpro9426 he doesn't "sound" like anything.

[@TheDavidlloydjones]

At 10:30 I'm glad to hear her say "You might as well call it transparent matter..." I'd been wondering about that: my desk and my chair are made out of dark matter. Probably 99.9% of the matter around me is dark, only the gas in my light tubes glowing. -dlj.

[@marktester5799]

+David Lloyd-Jones Even your office furniture glows, just not in the visible spectrum. It is, after all, about 293 Kelvin above absolute zero.

[@TheDavidlloydjones]

+Mark Tester Mark, Quite right. And "not in the visible spectrum" means "dark." Cheers, -dlj.

[@moking1761]

Which is 2.7 degree kelvin lower than a cup of tea would cool down to in space. Regards MoK

[@cptechno]

What is the interaction of dark-matter and black wholes? Does dark matter sink into black wholes? Do black whole eject dark-matter in its twin jet particle in its poles?

[@AWOL401]

Colbert Philippe what about black halves?

[@aloneicamealoneigo]

The answer is atom and atomic vibration. Dark matter is the particle that the atom is made of and dark energy is the impersonal process of atomic contraction and expansion. The only difference between the atom and the universe is size. The speed of vibration is dictated by size.

[@amedeofilippi6336]

I strongly recommend everyone to find out , also here in YT, a well written book by Christopher Puth, the title is Einstein’s universe without Big Bang, where, among other things, he clearly refuses and explains why there is no need of dark matter and dark energy. In my opinion this book is worth being discussed by all cosmologists who could try to falsify Puth’s claims that to me are very well supported and even deny the current popular theory of the Big Bang , inflation, singularity etc.

[@cymoonrbacpro9426]

Lensing effect can also be caused by intergalactic plasma gas (Foreground gases) between the galaxies and the earth by the phenomenon known as a refraction, and may not be by gravitational lensing, this can also explain the blue rIngs phenomena. *The simulation which were created by computer , @**1:00**.47, you get filaments or fiber like structures they resemble brain cells dendrites Tissue. These could be the filaments which connects all the clusters of galaxies in the universe and perhaps the galaxies themselves are held together by these filaments, it looks like the universe and the clusters of galaxies are engineered structures.* Do they see this, or are they Blind!? Their own data is telling them what this is (cosmic Plasma filaments) ! But they insist on dark matter, dogmatic mentality how pathetic!

[@enormousforce]

1:11 Why does it all add up to 100.7%? lol

[@callasexperience]

4 forces, my god we have a long way to go..What about 40..100

[@martinborman4195]

Hang on a moment..... at 22:/1:00.47 she says "Galaxies don';t collide."...???? We empirically know and have show galaxies do and have collided..

[@GreshamCollege]

+Tony Bradbury Hi, Thanks for your interest in the lectures. Here's Professor Crawford's Lecture on Galactic Collisions, which you might find interesting: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bZuzf2Cre6uHpMU

[@marktester5799]

+ShadeyBladey I think he was referring to 21:55. Dr. Crawford was discussing the collisions of galaxy clusters and was making a clarifying remark that when the clusters collide, the galaxies within the clusters do not because of the vast amount of empty space within the clusters. I think she misspoke a little in the way she said this because it seems as if she is saying that galaxies do not collide at all. Galaxies do collide and sometimes they collide when clusters merge, but generally, when clusters collide, the individual galaxies do not.

[@martinborman4195]

Sir. I stand corrected.

[@marktester5799]

ShadeyBladey As far as I understand it, you are correct.

[@ghostfacechilla1027]

+GreshamCollege hello, can I have some info about when and where I could come and see one of your lectures? I would really like to see the lady in this lecture if possible but I would be very interested in any physics or cosmology lectures. do you have a website with more information?? thanks.

[@lesjohnson9740]

Carolin, dark matter, three forces as you have said, now we have a degree of some integration, with US. gravitational waves as found, are we talking about a 5th force?, to integrate the whole math's & physics model?, Les Liverpool Uni.

[@steveaspen6773]

Les Johnson yes.5 force.

[@roundearth2619]

maybe all that "missing matter" is just out of our line of sight. we just don't have the 3d view to tell.

[@roundearth2619]

are black holes part of the 4% of regular matter?

[@qcislander]

Not exactly... but they * are* accounted for as part of the total baryonic mass.

[@RainbowReigns]

Reported that a Black Matter Hurricane is hitting Earth now, Nov 2018 incoming at 300+ mph.

[@f.d.english5080]

I think its funny that we havent even seen an galaxy actualy spin!

[@anhedonianepiphany5588]

That's essentially _all_ we see! What are you talking about?!?

[@SeymourSunshine]

When you take the complex conjugate to the reciprocal of the Einstein equation and calculate the definite volume integral in Fabry-Perot space with respect to the partial derivatives of the space time continuum you get the dimensionless value 5.02 +/- 0.04. This is precisely the observed ratio of Md:Mr therefore proving conclusively that dark matter is made of hyperbaric tachyons. And that, of course, is why it cannot be detected other than by its gravitational effects.

[@moking1761]

Hi Seymore, Your explanation is a bit of a mouthful but is unnecessary and is at the present time unproved. Einstein's equation E=MC2 can be easily manipulated with standard mathematics to show a time variable which is attributable to time dilation. In other words the mass M does not in fact change with an input of E. So we have again been under a disillusion regarding the way E=MC2 is used. Your manipulation of the equation is a bit loose and untidy and can be easily misinterpreted. Lastly the term Hyperbaric Tachyons infers to the time dilation which is referenced in C2 or v/t x v/t to bring the time variable into function, why compound the simple equation the way you have baffles me as it is not a necessary or valid procedure Regards MoK.

[@alexbowman7582]

even the big bang is just a theory (although with strong evidence) yet astrophysicists have taken it as a fact. I'm with Sir Fred Hoyle and the solid state theory

[@AWOL401]

Alex Bowman Hoyle was proven wrong. “The evidence that resulted in the Big Bang's victory over the steady state model included the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the 1960s, and the distribution of ‘young galaxies’ and quasars throughout the Universe in the 1980s indicate a more consistent age estimate of the universe.”

[@bris1tol]

That dark matter must be mental, according to platonic physics We know these facts and observations: 1) Dark matter does not interact with most of the elementary particles, only through the mysterious gravity boson, which so far differs from the other bosons in that it has no corresponding physical particle. 2) At the same time, we have deduced so far that gravity is unlike any other boson because it does not have a physical correspondent, making it, by default, mental. We might call gravity a mental boson. 3) Since in platonic physics, all causation is mental, not physical, this presents no problem. If the object of gravity is physical (baryonic) , it has a monad, and we can visually observe the effect of gravity on the object. But if the object is non-physical (nonbaryonic) if may still have mass, as dark matter is deduced to have, and being mental could pass right through physical bodies, as dark matter does. Being a mental object which is nonmonadic, it is a Secondness which we class as an intended. It moves through an intention of Mind according to the pre-established harmony, mostly according to Newtonian gravity. 4) Thus dark matter appears to be mental, not physical, and if this is so, mass would seem to be mental. 5) If mass is mental, as the above suggests. this accords with the above observation that gravity is mental. The two are a mental dual. operating by Mind as thoughts are. -- Dr. Roger B Clough NIST (retired, 2000). See my Leibniz site: [e-mail]/RogerClough For personal messages use [e-mail]

[@truthbearer2652]

Roger Clough experience dark matter. Spiritual encounter of maybe 3 visitations. Appearance similar a invisible Black basketball that scared me. Twice physically aways from anyone last memory amongst neighbor's it appears approach my Head I ducked without thought and briefly again startling. I sounded out. .I looked around calmly. No one seemed be in this presence. I told myself relax. I often wonder why. Months later dressed 3 massive 🔥 flaming seemingly meteorites where rushing towards Earth from this heaven. I will research black matters gas without smell or density.

[@aloneicamealoneigo]

Dark matter is found everywhere in the universe. For example here on earth the raw material for mushroom to sprout is dark matter. Lighting only supplied heat.

[@moking1761]

Not Mushroom for comment here. regards MoK

[@aloneicamealoneigo]

Physics is purely theory. Mine could be practically proven. Scientists, physicists, astronomers would reject anything outside of the norm they live by.

[@ghostfacechilla1027]

+Joseph Arellano not unless the evidence proves otherwise

[@aloneicamealoneigo]

nothing arises from nothing, there is always a raw material. dark matter are the raw materials for objects to arise. in outer space, they are the materials for planetary bodies to arise.

[@SergKiev87]

Why you never take into account potential energy of galaxy collapsing into black hole? If we have matter in some sistem and its density is low enough, then energy of these sistem, collapsing into black hole will be bigger, than mass of mater in it. Of course, energy doesn't disappear, if sistem didn't collapsed yet. As it is shown in here kzbin.info/www/bejne/eGTCo6mubK91ea8

[@propellerhead9197]

I really like Prof. Crawford. She is Frumpy..

[@anhedonianepiphany5588]

She's not "Frumpy", though she certainly _is_ an extraordinary woman!

[@zippy3711]

nobody is talking about why the spiral appears, in a galaxy, if all the stars close and far from the center, are traveling at the same speed.

[@mal2ksc]

+Guitar Dude The spirals reflect density waves traveling through the medium (think of stars as huge gas particles, and the spiral arms as sound waves). They do not travel at the same speed as the stars within them orbit the center. Our own sun has passed in and out of spiral arms multiple times, and it will happen again (and shouldn't kill us, as far as we can tell).

[@moking1761]

Hi our kid, have you thought about a possible big bang at the center of each spiral galaxy, this would mean that the spiral motion could be the remnants of the rotational forces of the matter entering a black hole in the future that has grown so big that it ruptures spacetime and in effect empties the bag in the past. This is only a theoretical exercise so please don't jump down my throat telling me I'm wrong. It is just possible as many other effects are also possible. . Regards MoK

[@zippy3711]

True !

[@callasexperience]

you mean the stuff you have no idea what it is? Neil de grass calls it "Fred" or "nothing" or the missing mass or "fuck it we haven't got a clue"

[@enlongchiou]

Dark energy(ch) produce energy of dark matter store in strong force of color charge at gluon by ch/(8.8*10^-16)=(3/2)*(1.67*10^-27*c^2)=(1.13*10^28)*e^2/(4*3.14).(c=299792458,h=6.6*10^-35,e=1.6*10^-19)

[@PatrickJonas]

Comment Moderation Policy We welcome your comments and thoughts about the information on this page. If you do have something to say, please be courteous and respectful to other commenters. We won't routinely review or edit any comments before they are posted, but we will delete any comments that: 1) contain spam or are off-topic 2) use vulgar language or offensive terms that target specific groups or contain personal attacks 3) are sales pitches, promotions, urls or links to commercial sites 4) spread clearly misleading or false information or 5) include personal information, like home addresses Category Education kzbin.info/www/bejne/e4PFiYdumquoeJo

[@alexbowman7582]

she's just guessing basically she really doesn't know for sure

[@alexbowman7582]

there probably isn't such a thing as dark matter. Would it be that bad to just admit that you don't understand the universe rather than piling ifs on maybes

[@jmorgan8801]

Alex Bowman I'm sure she, along with Niel Tyson, Bryan Greene, Michu, Krausse, and any other scientist that looks into the sky will readily admit that they don't understand the universe.. what would give you the idea that they thought they "understood" the universe? that's why they use language like, "we think", "it seems".. and so forth.. it should be understood for anybody listening to an astrophysics lecture that the "facts" being stated are theories.

[@theradgegadgie6352]

It's no good, every time she keeps describing something as "blobby" I have this mental image of Mr. Blobby from Crinkly Bottom, running around the audience and screaming "BLOBBY BLOBBY BLOBBY!" every time he falls over someone.

[@aloneicamealoneigo]

nothing arises from nothing. there is always a raw material. dark matter is the raw material for things to arise. planets arise with dark matter as raw material

[@michaelatkinson8583]

S U P E R B !

[@damienbinladin2899]

Vivacious +-

[@cymoonrbacpro9426]

Computer simulation With particles like AXIONS that emanates from the imagination, WOW. I would call her Explanation a top down explanation? Unfortunately simulations using imagined particles is not the universe, and particles accelerators is not gravity. Wimpy explanation!😒😭

[@rayagoldendropofsun397]

Dark matter is burnt out exhausted photons called darkness, which seem to have zero connection due to its weak state, but it's very useful in many ways

[@MMoreau]

Dead end, dark matter doesnt exist ....

[@petergibson2318]

Guys, She is explaining this to the taxpayer. The taxpayer pays for the Hubble Space Telescope. She simplifies things so that a bricklayer in Ohio understands it. That Ohio bricklayer's taxes pays the wages of NASA. Never forget that NASA.

[@alexbowman7582]

I feel sorry for astronomers looking for dark matter they're wasting their time

[@deonpersaud907]

Alex Bowman I fully agreed with your statement. I was saying this for some 20 years now. Nothing changed.

[@francisdudero5022]

Dr. Crawford would be disappointed by the title.

[@AWOL401]

Francis Dudero stop being a hater Francis.

[@propellerhead9197]

Ahh.. Your silence is damning. You don't know do you?

[@MyTorturedEyes]

Please don't reproduce!

[@sychrovsky]

Looking for dark matter is like looking for Emperors new clothes , they don't understand how universe work so they keep making up imaginary stuff that nobody can see like dark matter and dark energy , then they claim only the sophisticated understand it and you you are not one if you don't believe it, just like that old fairy tale.

[@johnries5593]

Feel free to formulate an alternate theory that matches the available data.

[@John-md8wb]

Oh okay, keep making up stuff! science will explore new horizons, through logic and evidence. This is learning process that really only started when people stopped burning witches at the stake through their religious faith. My imagination can't go to talking snakes in the garden of Eden. Maybe you can add something better. Can't understand? maybe go to school and contribute your theory!

[@johnries5593]

@@John-md8wb Yep, we should only burn people at the stake for sound secular reasons.

[@Sixstringman]

So smart. So sexy. Carolin Crawford. The full package.

[@peterhay5069]

Oh god a woman...

[@propellerhead9197]

I have single handedly destroyed the Dark Matter theory. Do I get a prize..?