The Search for the Proto-Indo-Europeans

[@Indo-EuropeanOfficial]

Go to piavpn.com/Indo to get 83% off Private Internet Access with 4 months free!

[@Indo-EuropeanOfficial]

Karl Penka should be 1847- 1912. Really sorry for the mistakes, it is not my intention to be careless. Having it happen this many times is unacceptable to me, and it's clear that my previous solutions have not worked. I still have other solutions I am considering, so I will work on those. Thanks to everyone for watching the video.

[@bombfog1]

I greatly appreciate the effort you made to correct this video and then repost it rather than attacking me for pointing out the mistakes. This suggests that you are a stand-up guy.

[@Marmuncli]

What was changed in the reupload?

[@bombfog1]

Nothing important. There were vast differences between some dates that he mentioned and the dates shown to us in text; so really, a minor point. I reckon many other KZbinrs would have decided the effort wasn’t worth it.

[@bALDbOY85]

Good. I’m already subbed but have been hesitant to tell people about IE channels because of inaccuracies. I’ll be recommending this one.

[@bALDbOY85]

Good. I’m already subbed but have been hesitant to tell people about IE channels because of inaccuracies. I’ll be recommending this one.

[@bALDbOY85]

Good. I’m already subbed but have been hesitant to tell people about IE channels because of inaccuracies. I’ll be recommending this one.

[@OghuricEnjoyer]

The Indo-Europeanization of Europe did not mean total destruction of the previous cul- tural achievement, but consisted in an amalgamation (hybridization) of racial and cultural phenomena. Linguistically, the process may (and must) be regarded in a similar way: the Indo-Europeans imposed an idiom which itself then adopted certain elements from the autochthonous languages spoken previously. These non-Indo-European (pre-IE) elements are numerous in Greek, Latin, and arguably, Thracian.

[@arturofuente4832]

Eloquently and succinctly stated. Author?

[@leonhardeuler7647]

As an Indian, that is even more true for us. The Dravidian languages are incredibly prominent, despite having a sizeable amount of loanwords from Sanskrit, and the Dravidian speaking states are some of the wealthiest and most developed. And many Indo Aryan languages, even Sanskrit, have a number of Dravidian loanwords too. Also, many Hindu traditions consist of non Aryan, Dravidian and tribal traditions which were Sanskritised (Sanskritization was a way for many groups to be integrated into higher society). Of course not everything was a utopia, but to pretend that it was as simple as Aryans subjugating Dravidians is unhelpful.

[@gyulaerdei3180]

A korábbi kulturák mind ki lettek rabolva...és a rablók átvették - a kiraboltak magas kultúráját ..... ! (Mert, mindig ősi - magas kultúrakat rohantak le...hogy kirabolják ! Ez főként a germanokra jellemző ..... Sajnálom...ez a valóság..... Nyugat európa sem külömb ... ! *

[@Laborejo]

This is excellent German pronunciation. It's not any actual current dialect but pronounced like a true linguist with a great eye for details :)

[@TheRichTurner]

Thank you. I studied German at university and lived in Germany for a while in the mid-seventies. I spoke a little Kölsch (Cologne dialect) at the time, but my German accent isn't as good as it was back then, and these days I try to make it as generic as possible. (Narrator)

[@Laborejo]

@TheRichTurner I am from Cologne, maybe that is why it sounded so well to my ears :)

[@ParameterGrenze]

Ihre Aussprache wahr tatsächlich sehr gut, ich war überrascht als Sie plötzlich zu Deutsch wechselten.

[@f34rbeast32]

Man your videos are very amazing and seriously top tier brother, hope you succeed and keep the style that you’re doing, much respect and hope you continue these videos cause they’re extremely binge worthy 😅

[@lyvras]

What an absolute treat of a video! There aren’t many historical influencers on KZbin who delve into different papers and works on their topic in such detail (or even at all) like you do in your videos. Absolutely outstanding!

[@dominusnoster1805]

Enjoying your videos bro

[@akiyrjana6558]

Admirable scholarship in your video. Loans, influences and re-loans are a staple feature in languages, of course. At point 19:36 there are wagon words. In Finnish a wagon is "vaunu", and the Finnish word "ratas" is literally a wheel (a akin to "rota", something that rotates), but they propably are early germanic loans to northern balto-uralic. An interesting, maybe common word in early Uralic and Indo-European languages is "kesti", aka "a quest", which perhaps means the act of feeding and giving a resting place to someone not of one's own family group. Something neighbouring people would have occasionally done.

[@harsh.w]

your videos are very high-effort and you're obviously passionate about this. Glad to see someone covering this side of history, linguistics, culture. I hope your channel balloons to millions of subscribers soon so people find out about shared ancestry.

[@janetmontgomery-r6j]

Very interesting and detailed. Really pulls you into history.. ... Thank you.

[@gabrielmaximianobielkael3115]

The channel deserves millions of subscribers, really great

[@Shadowkainine]

Glad the video is back up! I love this series. Keep em coming!

[@youssefanastas1773]

I love the work you do on those videos

[@SkyShroon]

The quality of this video is unmatched. This deserves way more views. Wish you luck mate! Keep it up 👍

[@animeshkumar1684]

Excellent summary of top published research on this subject in the last 4 decades. AWESOME 👌

[@ArkhBaegor]

Outstanding series, I love how up to date it is! Shame these kinds of videos always bring out the crazies in the comment section but oh well, interaction is interaction I guess.

[@lucasjames7524]

This channel deserves a million subscribers!! What an extraordinary style of presentation, smooth voice, amazing topic, etc.! Much love!! ❤💙🤎🧡

[@sphenodon2016]

At this rate yall, the next episode is gonna be nearly an hour long. We can only hope that trend continues, excellent work

[@lordswany3612]

Amazing content, keep it up!

[@maxschmidt6533]

Amazing video!! Really appreciate that this must have taken a lot of time to research and prepare so i hope you're successful! Keep it up!

[@OkaVolgaKamaVišera]

Not a bad summary. 23:53 But these two did turn over in their graves. Their archaeologist is still alive. might be worth a read : Andronovo Problem, By Stanislav Grigoriev and Twenty-first century clouds over Indo-European homelands J. P. Mallory

[@indridcoldd]

In the short time it exists, this channel has already produced so much high value educational content. Bravo!

[@StyTheMage]

Awesome video! thank you for uploading

[@KG-ek6qs]

I'm not sure if you're interested if you're only focusing on indo european studies but I really recommend reading and maybe doing a video about the Yeniseians, it is fascinating the role they may have played in history, and from a scale of France to Chile... The potential of them being elite rulers in many different nomadic groups in history is super interesting and especially how many of loanwords they may have influenced. The Xiongnu, the Huns, the first humans to inhabit the Americas, i think it's fascinating that they're tied to all of them

[@AryusResearch]

We will likely explore other groups at some point, especially in the whole ANE conversation and the influence to/from neighbouring language families.

[@formalminds1461]

Wonderful video!

[@shaan4308]

A good summary of the reasearch on this topic.

[@CufCufImam]

At the start of the expansion phases, there were therefore at least three major groups that were genetically distinct and homogeneous : on the one hand, the R1a-M417 carriers of Corded Ware, and on the other, two more closely related groups of R1b-Z2103 from the Yamna culture and R1b-L51, who are still poorly represented by ancient samples but are present in Bohemia to the south of the Corded Ware. The descendants of R1a-M417 are the Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian language branches, while R1b-Z2103 would have given rise to at least Armenian and Greek, as well as Tocharian languages and possibly Albanian. Finally, descendants of R1b-L51 would have formed at least the Germanic and Italo-Celtic branches, as well as the Lusitanian language.

[@medeology4660]

Very interesting, thank you! Appreciate that you call it "Serednyi Stih" (Середний стіг), though it's still jarring to see a map of Ukraine with all the place names in transcibed Russian (Sredny stog). Language is serious business, you know 😉.

[@thezipcreator]

I think it would be good if you showed an English translation of the article titles alongside the native language

[@waynemcauliffe-fv5yf]

Well done mate

[@AltaicGigachad]

There are probably thousands of words in all these three languages which are loans from outside. But because they have not been looked at from this point of view, they have found a place in the Indo-European dictionaries. The importance of recognizing loan words has been correctly assessed by Hjelmslev who says: "Even a language like Greek, which is considered one of the purest Indo-European languages and which plays a greater role than any other in comparative Indo-European studies, contains only a relatively small number of words that can be genetically accounted for on the basis of Indo-European. Presumably then all Greek words are borrowings from other languages, chiefly, perhaps, from non-Indo-European languages."

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

how does "all Greek words are borrowings from other languages" work? Was there no proto-greek language? The natives didn't speak until foreigners came?

[@antidweller6373]

​​​@@YarblocosifiliticoThis is typical spread of pan Turkic propaganda. No matter if 99% of all academia says X, Pan Turkic trolls cite 1% of those who say Y. Total inferiority complex.

[@joalvarado8506]

@@YarblocosifiliticoThe original comment is referring to the Pre-Greek substrate. The Aegean was civilized hundreds of years before the arrival of Indo-Europeans and the 1000 or so loanwords in Greek corroborate this.

[@76rjackson]

Who considers Greek "...of the purest form...? The passive voice was used to introduce that assertion, but, of course, no obfuscation was intended. There's much debate around the question of which language is closest to PIE and Greek isn't a conentender anymore.

[@HeerHalewijn]

Could you make a video about the parent and grandparent populations that contributed to the Indo-Europeans and about Ancient West Eurasian lineages in general?

[@gregcollins7602]

Great content.

[@Kugel--]

Great video

[@magnusbrzenk447]

IE languages/history is BY FAR the most interesting subject I was never taught at school. We were taught French, German and Latin, and no teacher had the presence of mind (or awareness of the subject?), to even so much as mention PIE. Please keep up the content!

[@Ddireland]

Since I have looked more into the indo European languages,as I speak Persian with my mother and speak Pashto with my husband my mind lingers on after the chitchat,and find common words like badth in Persian bad in English, maaney is meaning,and so many more. There definitely is root language to pie.

[@ДарьяГаврилив-й8я]

I am from Ukraine, and I am wondering what you think about the pre-Indo-European Cucuteni-Trypillia language substrate?

[@76rjackson]

The geography of area around the Black Sea was very different before PIE emerged. The black sea was a lake surrounded by woodlands and wetlands. It was rich in animal life, well watered, and, therefore, an ideal environment for early people to live in. When the Mediterranean rose and broke through, filling the black sea, the people were forced to begin migrating, and their technology made them very good at moving. That's my theory.

[@kilipaki87oritahiti]

Well the Proto Finns (Finno Ugric), who migrated from Siberia Asia to Northern Norway during the Last Ice Age intermixed with the north expanding Western Hunter Gatherers (1st Europeans black with blue eyes) who had come in from the Middle East and up the western coast of Norway. The Proto Finns, ancestors to the indigenous Sámi, Finns and Estonians, brought light eyes, skin and blonde hair, and they are distant related to all Native Americans. Same area of origin. The Sámi are the indigenous people as they didn’t mix with later incoming populations like the Anatolian farmers, Yamnaya from Ukraine, nor the Germanic farmers aka Norse/Vikings. Tho their cousins the Finns and Estonians did.

[@yveltheyveltal5166]

kino dropped

[@noahberango6265]

will you cover the PIE religion?

[@AryusResearch]

yes, coming soon alongside a general discussion of PIE culture/society

[@mznxbcv12345]

Now the origins of "proto-semitic" - The Aramaic word for God is "Alaha" too sounds familiar? Written without the confusing vowels it is written A-L-H ܐ ܠܗܐ (alap-lamed-he) as found in Targum or in Tanakh (Daniel, Ezra), Syriac Aramaic (Peshitta), reduced from the Arabic original (of which Aramaic is a dialect continuum as will be explained) it is written in the Arabic script 'A-L-L-H' (Aleph-Lam-Lam-Ha) add an A before the last H for vocalization. The word God in another rendition in Hebrew ʾĕlōah is derived from a base ʾilāh, an Arabic word, written without confusing vowel it is A-L-H in the Arabic script, pronounced ilah not eloah. Hebrew dropped the glottal stop and mumbled it, aramic mumbled a little less and it became elaha. Infact both are written written A-L-H in Arabic, it is pronounced i in Arabic and not A because it is an Alef with hamza below (إ أ ) They are two different forms of Alef. And it mean "a god", it is the non definitive form of A-L-L-H, in which the Alef is without a glottal stop/hamza,(ا), but this kind of nuance is lost in the dialect continua. infact "YHWH" itself is an Arabic word as discussed by Professor. Israel Knohl (Professor of Biblical studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem) in the paper" YHWH: The Original Arabic Meaning of the Name." "Mother of God/Theotokos" title has been in use since the 3rd century, in the Syriac tradition (as Classical Syriac: ܝܠܕܬ ܐܠܗܐ, romanized: Yāldath Alāhā) in the Liturgy of Mari and Addai (3rd century) and the Liturgy of St James (4th century). That too is Arabic, Yaldath here is a mumbled Walydath (WALDH / والدة ), meaning mother of. Written with Y for obfuscation. jesus as his name is often misspelled due to the lack of the ayin sound in Greek, which was rendered to Iesous, coupling the nearest sound to ayin, same letter found in 'Iraq', which sounds entirely different in Arabic form 'Iran' in Arabic, with the -ous Greek suffix that Greeks typically add to their names 'HerodotOS', 'PlotinUS', 'AchelOUS' and later mumbled into a J. The yeshua rendition of Isa (his name in the Qur'an) PBUH which is purported to be the name of Jesus is KNOWN to had been taken from greek. Western Syriac also use "Isho". Western Aramaic (separate from Syriac which is a dialect of Eastern Aramaic) use "Yeshu". Western Syriac has been separate from Western Aramaic for about 1000 years. And sounds don't even match up. Syriac is a Christian liturgical language yet the four letters of the name of Jesus «ܝܫܘܥ» [ = Judeo-Babylonian Aramaic: «ישוע» ] sounds totally different in West vs East Syriac, viz. vocalized akin to Christian Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic «ܝܶܫܽܘܥ» (Yēšūʿ) in West Syriac, but pronounced more akin to Muslim Arabic Quran character name Isa in East Syriac «ܝܑܼܫܘܿܥ» (ʾĪšōʿ). The reason for this confusion is their dropping of phonemes. Only someone that has no idea what the letters are or how they sound would have a name ending in a pharyngeal fricative like the ayin, if it were to be used in a name it would have had to be in the beginning, thus the Arabic rendition is the correct one. An example in English is how the appended -d is a common error amongst the English pronouncing Gaelic names. The name Donald arose from a common English mispronunciation of the Gaelic name Donal. Just how it is with donal becoming donald and the two becoming distinct and the original being regarded as something seperate so too did Isa PBUH turn to Iesous turn to jesus and when they tried going back to the original they confused it for yeshua ( ysu is how it is actually written) for Isa PBUH ( 3'eysah ) Schlözer in his preparation for the Arabia expedition in 1781 coined the term Semitic language: "From the Mediterranean to the Euphrates, from Mesopotamia to Arabia ruled one language, as is well known. Thus Syrians, Babylonians, Hebrews, and Arabs were one people (ein Volk). Phoenicians (Hamites) also spoke this language, which I would like to call the Semitic (die Semitische)." -Before Boas: The Genesis of Ethnography and Ethnology in the German By Han F. Vermeulen. He was only half right though, Arabic is the only corollary to "proto-semitic", infact the whole semitic classification is nonsensical as will be shown. "protosemetic" Alphabet (28), Arabic Alphabet (28), Latin transliteration, hebrew (22) 𐩠 𐩡 𐩢 𐩣 𐩤 𐩥 𐩦 𐩧 𐩨 𐩩 𐩪 𐩫 𐩬 𐩭 𐩮 𐩰 𐩱 𐩲 𐩳 𐩴 𐩵 𐩶 𐩷 𐩸 𐩹 𐩺 𐩻 𐩼 ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي A b t ṯ j h kh d ḏ r z s sh ṣ ḍ ṭ ẓ ʿ ġ f q k l m n h w y א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ש ת Merged phonemes in hebrew and aramaic: ح, خ (h, kh) merged into only kh consonant remain س, ش (s, sh) merged into only Shin consonant remaining ط, ظ (ṭ/teth, ẓ) merged into only ṭ/teth consonant remaining ص, ض (ṣ, ḍ/Tsad ) merged into only ḍ/Tsad consonant remaining ع, غ (3'ayn, Ghayn) merged into a reducted ayin consonant remaining ت, ث (t/taw, th) merged into only t/taw consonant remaining The reason why the protoS alphabet here is 28 and not 29, is because the supposed extra letter is simply a س written in a different position, but it was shoehorned to obfuscated. In Arabic letter shapes are different depending on whether they are in the beginning , middle or end of a word. As a matter of fact, all of the knowledge needed for deciphering ancient texts and their complexity was derived from the Qur'an. It was by analyzing the syntactic structure of the Qur'an that the Arabic root system was developed. This system was first attested to in Kitab Al-Ayin, the first intralanguage dictionary of its kind, which preceded the Oxford English dictionary by 800 years. It was through this development that the concept of Arabic roots was established and later co-opted into the term 'semitic root,' allowing the decipherment of ancient scripts. In essence, they quite literally copied and pasted the entirety of the Arabic root. Hebrew had been dead, as well as all the other dialects of Arabic, until being 'revived' in a Frankensteinian fashion in the 18th and 19th centuries. The entire region spoke basically the same language, with mumbled dialect continuums spread about, and Arabic is the oldest form from which all these dialects branched off. As time passed, the language gradually became more degenerate, Language; When one looks at the actual linguistics, one will find that many were puzzled by the opposite, that is, how the other "semetic" languages were more "evolved" than Arabic, while Arabic had archaic features, not only archaic compared to bibilical Hebrew, Ethiopic, "Aramaic" contemporary "semetic" languages, but even archaic compared to languages from ancient antiquity; Ugaritic, Akkadain. What is meant here by Archaic is not what most readers think, it is Archaic not in the sense that it is simple, but rather that it is complex (think Latin to pig Latin or Italian or Old English, which had genders and case endings to modern English), not only grammatically, but also phonetically; All the so called semitic languages are supposed to have evolved from protosemetic, the Alphabet for protosemitic is that of the so called Ancient South Arabian (which interestingly corresponds with the traditional Arabic origins account) and has 28 Phonemes. Arabic has 28 phonemes. Hebrew has 22, same as Aramaic, and other "semitic" languages. Now pause for a second and think about it, how come Arabic, a language that is supposed to have come so late has the same number of letters as a language that supposedly predates it by over a millennium (Musnad script ~1300 BCE). Not only is the glossary of phonemes more diverse than any other semitic language, but the grammar is more complex, containing more cases and retains what's linguists noted for its antiquity, broken plurals. Indeed, a linguist has once noted that if one were to take everything we know about languages and how they develop, Arabic is older than Akkadian (~2500 BCE). And then the Qur'an appeared with the oldest possible form of the language thousands of years later. This is why the Arabs of that time were challenged to produce 10 similar verses, and they couldn't. People think it's a miracle because they couldn't do it, but I think the miracle is the language itself. They had never spoken Arabic, nor has any other language before or since had this mathematical precision. And when I say mathematical, I quite literally mean mathematical. Now how is it that the Qur'an came thousands of years later in an alphabet that had never been recorded before, and in the highest form the language had ever taken? The creator is neither bound by time nor space, therefore the names are uttered as they truly were, in a language that is lexically, syntactically, phonemically, and semantically older than the oldest recorded writing. In fact, that writing appears to have been a simplified version of it. Not only that, but it would be the equivalent of the greatest works of any particular language all appearing in one book, in a perfect script and in the highest form the language could ever take. It is so high in fact, that it had yet to be surpassed despite the fact that over the last millennium the collection of Arabic manuscripts when compared on word-per-word basis in Western Museums alone, when they are compared with the collected Greek and Latin manuscripts combined, the latter does not constitute 1 percent of the former as per German professor Frank Griffel, in addition all in a script that had never been recorded before. Thus, the enlightenment of mankind from barbarism and savagery began, and the age of reason and rationality was born from its study. God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger.

[@TropicOfCancer1998]

The term for horse may have been used for all equids ie horse like animals not the true horse alone in the beginning. Then later they may have used it more for horse.

[@Aero3435]

I love how all of Europe is considered Indo European but the modern borders of Hungary, like its 100% then 0%.

[@enkor9591]

Hungarian language descends from proto-uralic

[@victorw_nderer]

3:02 isn't Karl Penka born in 1847 and died in 1912?

[@Indo-EuropeanOfficial]

Wow I didn't realize that, thanks for letting me know! Well, I guess I need to figure out yet another solution to prevent mistakes like this for future videos. I will reply to my pinned comment.

[@victorw_nderer]

@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial glad to help, your videos are always a treat

[@Tsilaicosify]

the narrator has a very nice pronounciation of german words and names

[@TheRichTurner]

Thank you! I wish we could say the same for my Finnish, Danish, Russian, Greek, Latin...

[@vishwakat8743]

I think Central Asia pre BMAC also makes a very strong candidate for the PIE homeland. CHG ancestry was not just associated with Caucasus but was also extremely prevalent in BMAC and pre BMAC central Asia. If you think about the region which is: - Close to the Uralic homeland - Close to high CHG population centers - Within the EHG sphere. - Had a short, early migration path to Anatolia. For me Central Asia makes the most sense. And to top it off as an archeology nerd, there is very little archeological disruption of material culture in Central and South Asia post and pre Indo European migrations. There is a marked material culture shift pretty much everywhere else (even in Anatolia, with its Neolithic population). I think paleo-linguistics is a bit of a distraction here as it is indicative at best. The association of PIE with horses could also be a Rigvedic/Eurocentric bias; as migrations into Europe and deep into the Indian sub-continent likely featured cultures which revered horses. If I'm not wrong Sujay Rao has made a case for this.

[@nicolaiby1846]

There's a good reason the field has shifted away from Central Asia, no amount of Indian copium can change that.

[@vishwakat8743]

@nicolaiby1846 The central Asian hypothesis is not very different from the Kurgan hypothesis. It's actually a pretty decent blend of Kurgan and Anatolian/Caucasian hypothesis. And answers a lot of discrepancies both theories face

[@mr.purple1779]

@@vishwakat8743 This CHG was associated with specific Caucasian hunter-gatherers from the caves of Armenia or Georgia. Not with all Caucasoid Irano-Arabians from all over the near east. That's the point. Georgians and Armenians are still different from this everything.

[@vishwakat8743]

@@mr.purple1779 Yeah but Neolithic central Asia had strong CHG components. Likely from an earlier migration associated with the spread of early agriculture.

[@greaterbharat4175]

​​@@nicolaiby1846it make much sense Indo Iranian literature never considered steppe as homeland Turria is mentioned very well ( Turria stand for Eurasian steppe) Perticular don steppe Turria -danus Their is battle mentioned with indo Iranian and barbarians of turria

[@radiozelaza]

very Indo-European

[@kornsuwin]

WE HAVE A SPONSOR NOW?‽!

[@FOLIPE]

They came from indoeuropa. Where is that? Touché.

[@tengizpimpashvili1311]

Poetic Caspian steppe

[@siyacer]

they clearly originated in alaska

[@maverikmiller6746]

7:22 Kurgan is a Turkic word, not Russian. It means "protected place". It implies it is forbidden to disturb it.

[@AryusResearch]

Origin wise yes, but it was borrowed into Russian where it got the meaning outlined in the video.

[@modmaker7617]

Why Indo-European but not Euro-Indian? 🤔

[@greaterbharat4175]

Early scholar agreed that it's origins from Indian subcontinent hence indo European Euro Indian doesn't even make sense even now Because they indeed invaded "Europe" the Neolithic European civilization And established corded ware culture Oldest evidence 6200 year old massacre in Croatia region Whatever it's Indian subcontinent or not indo European culture has origin in "asian continent"

[@greaterbharat4175]

Indo Iranian culture is the oldest to document they ancestoral history folk story of dating back to proto indo European culture And indeed they mentioned Aryans fought with danu river valley race ( Danu river valley, simply Danube don steppe region) It is considered primordial warfare within indo Iranian culture So it mostly likely According to indo Iranian sources origin of indo European culture is neither Europe nor steppe Steppe is turria in indo Iranian literature, enemy region , And nor danus land ( Danube of Europe) Indo Iranian mythological horse are closer to current day west asian horses Not steppe horses RigVeda mentioned 17 pair ribs horse as horse of gods ( Oldest domesticated 17 pair ribs horse are arabian horse ) Their ancestors are wild horse that had found in west asia to Indonesia 8000bce ago Not related to wild horse and later domesticated steppe Eurasian horses

[@Just_some_guy_1]

Because it sounds better.

[@Himadri_Shekhar_Das]

Definitely it's origin in Iran or BMC or Central Asia

[@Unknown-y9v]

Ice age migration pattern out of India

[@zipperpillow]

Renfrew should be stripped of his credentials and his students deserve a refund on their tuitions.

[@rod9829]

Algorithm

[@konplayz]

Wow

[@decem_sagittae]

13:31 Sredny Stog*

[@nicolaiby1846]

That's Russian, the Ukrainian equivalent is romanized as Serednii Stih; as it is located in Ukraine after all.

[@decem_sagittae]

@ No, no. It's tendentious. This khokholization of history needs to stop.

[@AryusResearch]

@@decem_sagittae Modern IE academics use the Ukrainian term so we just picked one to stay consistent. It isn't a political choice.

[@decem_sagittae]

@@AryusResearch Only some modern IE academics and only since the war started. Like the totally not-politically-motivated shift to "Kyivan" Rus from Kievan Rus. I don't think I need to elaborate on this any further given your specialization.

[@TauGeneration]

wait , what changed?

[@GediminasStrum]

Beetė ir medus :)))

[@fredriks5090]

I think a wave of migrants fleeing the north sea inundations for the steppes was a major founding reason for why the PIE ethnolanguage arose when and where it did. The sudden die-off of previous pre-PIE males of this region can then be attributed to this collapse from which the migrants fled, then afterwards being filled/completed by the heavily steppe-influenced descendants of the few migrants that sparked the PIE boom. in short; a specific founder moment caused by a specific migrant period is what I would search for in genes and archaeology.

[@fredriks5090]

It would be similar to how England originally consists of a wave of Germanic migrations, but whose relocation sparked a new, latin-influenced branch of germanic that swept the world. PIE would simply be an older, steppe version of English in how it was formed from north sea migrants.

[@fredriks5090]

English = North Sea+Mediterranean PIE = North Sea+Steppe Removing modern nationalities from the explanation better points out what I meant.

[@nicolaiby1846]

Absolute gibberish.

[@_Somsnosa_]

​@nicolaiby1846 Exactly. They were expats not migrants right? 😂

[@anxofernandez3344]

I've recently saw another video and read in a magazine that there's another theory that kind of complements the step, Armenian and Anatolian hypothesis. If I remember correctly, it takes climate changes Into account and how the environment and landscape in those areas would have been 6,000-8,000 years ago and before that. Apparently, IE languages have many words that would indicate a woodland environment, rather than plains, and also words that indicated some body of water. The author said the original homeland of PIE speakers, or I guess PIA, might've been the southern shores of the Caspian Sea and from there they'd have migrated to the north and south. I think it sounds good too and they would've been close enough to Iran and India to migrate there, raid and perhaps invade at some point. All modern hypothesis seem to indicate an area somewhere in between the Caspian and the Noth Sea, either north or south of the Caucasus. None of the supposed homelands is very far from the other, but the mountains are right in the middle, which makes it hard for all to be right at the same time. The possibility of being related to Kartvelian, Semitic or Uralic languages makes everything even more intriguing.

[@Bruh-eq3kq]

Is the voice over AI generated?

[@Indo-EuropeanOfficial]

No

[@TheRichTurner]

No. It's me. I don't know whether to take that as a compliment or not!

[@Bruh-eq3kq]

@@TheRichTurner I thought it was AI because it sounded so good. Great job!

[@cunjoz]

po žigmunatis kirbis žalbor torgim on plasre um šla?

[@mortified776]

04:15 This might be one of the most ambiguous sentences ever spoken in an Indo-European language. 😂 No ambiguity about the quality of the channel though. Always glad to see more from you!

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

completely off topic, but: does anyone know what's going on with the red-eyed profile pics? There's about a dozen commentators here and two of them have the bright red eyes thing.

[@chrisnewbury3793]

It's just a meme that's been going around for years. All the "Dark Brandon" stuff with Joe Biden shows his eyes red.

[@harsh.w]

mostly right wing folks use it to signal that they're proud of the person with the laser eyes and are channelling them, somewhat. originated on image boards like 4chan a decade ago, spread to reddit and now it's a common meme. So common, even fellow young men in India are using it.

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

thanks for the replies

[@chrisnewbury3793]

@@harsh.w uh no. Why would so many memes of Joe Biden have red eyes then?

[@TropicOfCancer1998]

A group of people can invent new styles of pottery it doesn't have to be a invading culture changing the old ones.

[@RaimoHöft]

Nomad Empire of the Endless Circumpolar Northern Cold Steppe. 🤗

[@pepenero6168]

Something about videos like this strike me as a little suspicious, recently theres a ton of channels popping up with super high production value, research teams, narrators. None of them have any linked social media or any website. A little strange

[@pepenero6168]

A channel very similar to this is DIG.

[@VulnerableBede1]

This video was made by three people? Probably over a long period of time as well. Hardly suspicious

[@pepenero6168]

@@VulnerableBede1 Right but its just weird to me how these channels pop up out of nowhere with a full team like it says in the description and no patreon, no links to any academic institutions, no twitter. over the past year youtube has been flooded with them, still enjoyed the video

[@istooptoconcur1593]

large genetic inheritance does not, necessarilly imply a large body of persons. powerful peoples tend to leave a larger genetic inheritance than weak peoples due to strong men taking more wives and weak men being killed or dying without issue.

[@Unknown-y9v]

Not salmon. Saman meaning shaman meaning sraman.

[@Unknown-y9v]

The whole PIE language is based off of Sanskrit. Medhu for honey is callled modhu in Sanskrit

[@sallylauper8222]

I wish I knew what these guys were talking about...

[@kylealexander593]

Im not sure the mainstream narrative is correct. DNA is telling a different story. For instance modern Europeans have 3 primary genetic components W.H.G, Neolithic farmer and A.N.E. The oldest European skeleton Kostenki 14 is 37,000 years old. His genome showed he already had the same 3 primary genetic components as modern Europeans. Thats quite telling. It tells us that Europe was populated by 1 large meta population. Biologist Eske Willerslev described it as reshuffling the same genes without any large admixture from the outside. Also the term Aryan only being applied to iran and India is a modernity thing. Lol some weird sort of social justice stuff i don't understand. But anyone can go on internet archives and look up any encyclopedia or world almanac or any other writings about such things that was before ww2 and it's commonly known who the Aryans are

[@_Somsnosa_]

Did they know who the Aryans were or did they think that they knew? Get woke mate

[@kylealexander593]

@_Somsnosa_ I don't understand the hatred for white people? It blows my mind. Every other group is encouraged to love & celebrate their heritage. But when it comes to European people we are attacked and ridiculed for wanting to do the same thing. Especially now that ancient DNA has changed the entire narrative of how Europe was populated. European people are 1 people genetically. We have been 1 people from the oldest European DNA 37,000 years ago until today. We called ourselves Aryans. Now because of ww2 a war that saw 50 to 80 million Europeans die im supposed to be ok with some weird racist social justice shit stealing my heritage? For all of recorded history we were known as Aryans and after ww2 they change the name to indo European and claim its not even a people but a term for a language group. I find that amazing

[@mr.purple1779]

@@kylealexander593 The point is that you don't understand the mathematical part. These minimum three Neolithic components never intersected until the Neolithic. The farmer was from the near east of a fertile crescent moon. ANE is a Siberian mammoth hunter from Siberia. And the European WHG from a cave in Europe.

[@kylealexander593]

@mr.purple1779 The mathematical part? I understand what you are saying. That is the current mainstream narrative. But i provided a very easy way to verify my claim. First verify what 3 genentic components do modern Europeans have. Then go to the oldest European skeleton ever discovered Kostenki 14. Hes 37,000 years old and he already has the same 3 genetic components. Pretty clear cut hard data not speculation. The oldest European ever discovered has the same genetics as modern Europeans. This 50 different names given to ancient dna to give the impression that there different races is new. When the genome was first sequenced and for years after scientists used 3 names to describe 3 different races. Caucasoid, Mongoloid & Negroid.

[@mr.purple1779]

@@kylealexander593 And of these three, ANE is not Caucasoid. Caucasoids from the near east.

[@PossibleBat]

Basques

[@pepenero6168]

Is it an AI narrator or a German guy I can't tell

[@TheRichTurner]

It's me, a real human, a native British English speaker. I studied German at university (long ago) and lived in Germany for about 6 months (also long ago). I've narrated a few audiobooks. I'm Richard Turner. That's a very common name, I know, but you can look me up in Audible.

[@pepenero6168]

@TheRichTurner Very cool, I was curious because your German pronunciation is so good. Great job!

[@User-kjxklyntrw]

There is no such thing can called Indo european (India was glued to eurasian continent), there is only Sino European in Eurasian continent, Sino Altai Persian (Northeastern Chinese with mixed blood of persian with Blue eyes).

[@chrisnewbury3793]

The Steppe theory is being pushed so hard by the establishment that it makes me immediately suspicious.

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

is it tho? The original term (the one used by historical people, like Darius in his inscription) is banned that being said, I guess it is pretty widely accepted. Which I agree is a bit suspicious. Maybe they're using it to avoid considering the existence of a previous widespread civilization.

[@chrisnewbury3793]

@@Yarblocosifilitico seems like it. Every time I watch or read something from The Old Guard, they all push the theory. And I'm called racist when I don't buy it all wholesale. And yes the censorship regarding that word you're referring to only makes their argument more suspect. They get to use the word when they want, as long as they stick with the establishment narrative.

[@chrisnewbury3793]

@@Yarblocosifilitico and the censorship continues. My last comment got nuked God knows why. I didn't even use any of the naughty words like the one you're referring to. Fine it just adds fuel to my fire.

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

@@chrisnewbury3793 yeah that happens to me sometimes even without using any 'bad' words. Quite frustrating but, if they censor it... it was probably worth saying (or trying to).

[@Rudol_Zeppili]

There are alternative hypotheses other scientists are working on but the problem is that there’s simply more evidence supporting the steppe hypothesis than the others. The most likely alternative theory in my opinion would be that perhaps proto indo european or a close ancestor of it started in the Caucasus before the intermixing event with the Eastern Hunter Gatherers, however most languages descended from PIE definitely came from a language that existed after that intermixing event close to or in the steppe regardless if the origin was in the Caucasus or above it.

[@GoodBaleadaMusic]

It's just Africans. Europe isn't continent.

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

In any case it's Eurasia, not Africa, duh.

[@GoodBaleadaMusic]

@Arthur-pc1eh That didn't stop Africans. Africa civilized Europe multiple times. Here I made a podcast about it. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mpypfGaBhKl8Y9ksi=0SzpODXHsjCPL51C

[@nicolaiby1846]

Least unhinged Afrocentrist.

[@juliuscesar4176]

The proto indo-europeans were.....from India.

[@Bruh-eq3kq]

Indian here. No, they were not from India. Stop trolling.

[@SuperPeacepromoter]

Indian here. They absolutely were from India. The truth is slowly coming out. Steppe was definitely not the original homeland. Read Heggerty et al. 2023.

[@Bruh-eq3kq]

@@SuperPeacepromoter That has already been criticised for its mistakes. Stop this cringe. Ganga nationalist.

[@Rohit-jc2sm]

Eurocentric channel. With eurocentric propaganda

[@kipkipper-lg9vl]

genetic evidence is propaganda?

[@Rohit-jc2sm]

@kipkipper-lg9vl yes it's propaganda, it's one side study and based on assumptions, the very fact r1a is in India very high but here he stated it's 100% must be came from stepp which is eurocentric.

[@kipkipper-lg9vl]

@@Rohit-jc2sm R1 haplogroup comes from Europe lol

[@Rohit-jc2sm]

@@kipkipper-lg9vl no its eurocentric propaganda and false. Infact why western europen have it less than Indians. Even dating are false.

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

​@@Rohit-jc2sm have it less? Irish are almost 90% R1b...

[@oscargranda5385]

Proto indoeuropean....isnt a language....🤔🤔🤔

[@slavman1945]

there was a language like it but not exactly it. because Proto Indo European is a reconstructed language. Reconstructions are fairly accurate.

[@chrisnewbury3793]

How do you explain all the cognates then?

[@harsh.w]

why do you think so?

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

Who said it's a language NOW? Don't comment before paying attention to the whole video.

[@apmoy70]

Isn't chalkolithic pronounced /kælkoˈli.θik/ from *χαλκός* /kʰalˈkos/ the Greek word for _copper_ ? 🤔

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

Yes.

[@nicolaiby1846]

Maybe but it's not something a non-Greek speaker is likely to get correct. Just like you'd fail as a Greek to pronounce *Norge* or *Noreg* .