The Sound of Atoms Bonding - Sixty Symbols

[@AzraelSilent]

Fascinating. Moriarty's enthusiasm is inspiring.

[@NikolajLepka]

Prof. Moriarty is always epic. Always.

[@ryanhudson4958]

The amount of enthusiasm that Dr. Moriarty has for these topics is insane and great to see

[@Cosmalano]

Professor Moriarty is one of my favorite scientists of all time and one of my role models! Feature him in more videos!!!!

[@detonationlurks]

I love this guy. His accent, his passion, his beard, everything. He makes science interesting in a way school can NEVER do.

[@Decepticon008]

In the previous "favorite scientists" video many of you mentioned Feynman and Sagan noting their talents for explaining very difficult concepts but I would suffice to say that in this current day and age you professors are truly becoming the masters of not only explaining these complicated subjects but making science formidably more interesting and applicable and hell even fun! I've always had a passion for science and learning in general but watching these videos just takes it to a whole new level. I can't thank you enough for your time. -yours truly, Rupe (JA2090)

[@_skuz]

I love Moriarty, his passion for his work is always so evident in his approach to making these videos, It's an awesome and genuine experience every time there's a video with him.

[@TheDisturbedProject]

And thus the new music genre was created - bondage :D

[@WinstonKillDeath]

TheDisturbedProject Bondcore

[@petervanbeekum]

Awesome video as usual. Even when things get too hard for me the sheer enthusiasm of the professors keeps me interested.

[@rh001YT]

Here's one for you Prof: I recently had to repair a tube microphone. The capsule was joined to a chassis plate with a piece of rubber which had rotted a bit so the capsule leaned over and touched the cage. I removed the rubber and scrapped the capsule base and chassis plate bonding surfaces clean, even wiping them totally clean with lacquer thinner. I then bonded in place a fresh chuck of rubber with crazy glue. After about 2 minutes I power up the mic and heard an enormous rough sounding noise, like that from a large waterfall, and not at all smooth like the hiss of a vacuum tube, and way louder than the pickup of ambient room sound. Baffled for a second, I then guessed that the crazy glue was still curing, causing atoms in the rubber to bond with the metal bonding base of the capsule and chassis plate. I was a bit confused, as I thought such a sound could only be heard if the circuit (from capsule to chassis plate) was completed, which I assume it was not because of the rubber chunk in between them. I checked the mic again after 10 minutes and all was back to normal, smooth hiss of the vacuum tube, normal pickup of ambient room sound and of course my voice speaking directly at the mic. Would you say that in this example, electrons moved in and out of the rubber to bond with the metal (and vice versa) did complete the circuit through the rubber? I did not perform the obvious test, as the mic was fixed and that was that. The obvious test would have been to slice the rubber chunk in half while observing (listening to) the noise to see if the noise stopped.

[@BeingInTheMessiah]

My most absolute favorite video. Moriarty is the epitome of every viewers wish for humanity

[@simonRTJ]

those images of the silicon atoms are bind blowing, the fundamental architecture of everything just simply displayed on a lcd screen, amazing. Heisenberg, Rutherford, Thompson, Marsden, would be in awe to see that. great science Mr Moriarty, inspiring

[@Simbosan]

"The name's Bond, UnBond"

[@CstriderNNS]

???

[@celtgunn9775]

Cheyne Simons Didn't you catch where the Professor said Bond, Unbond in the video? So, basically the OP took that into the Bond movies. 😉

[@Zreen001]

I'd like to see more experiments involving Moriarty's coffee remnant.

[@taesheren]

I love Philips enthusiasm when explaining what is happening!

[@ianb4music]

This is actually really musical, I love it. I was thinking of all kinds of accompaniments to the backing track of atoms bonding. Sweet, thanks for posting!

[@luis5d6b]

BTW I would really love to have a teacher like professor Moriarty, he really loves what he does and you can see it in the vid, that's great!

[@shippyshiphead]

nanoscience, I wish I had the money and time to study this. THIS is the future right here. There is going to be so much advancement from this. So exciting! I hope there are more videos from this.

[@AKENOXTRM]

Can we have more footage of the Professor playing his guitar ? :)

[@___jd]

Only if he tunes it first though please. :-P

[@PsyMongazoid]

AKENOXTRM Heaven forbid! Didn't you hear the clip? His current use of that amp is more musical!

[@RimstarOrg]

My watch stopped. The quartz crystal must have gotten too close to one of the silicon chips. :)

[@cohan000]

How does it feel being Sherlock Holmes greatest nemesis, Professor Moriarty?

[@MadmanV3N0M]

Man, I love Professor Moriarty! When the camera shifted to that huge apparatus he just became a mad genius working on Flubber or something. I just love how casual it is for him: "Oh yes, this is my sci-fi looking machine that I use to scan things at a subatomic level, and over there is my handheld plasma accelerator. Computer, has my coffee been teleported in yet?"

[@PinkChucky15]

I never thought I would hear the sounds of atoms bonding coming out of a Marshall amp :-)

[@DrPonner]

I don't think I'd want to specialize in physics, chemistry or biology... they're all so fantastic, I'd rather be a jack of all trades.

[@xHTxRaptorF22]

Just rewatched this video after having a BAHA implant done and the tuning fork has a much deeper meaning to me now. Bone conduction is just amazing. Even though this video has nothing to do with that, the tuning fork always reminds me of how I can now hear due to a "relatively" simple process that we just never thought of exploiting in that certain way.

[@elfutbolphenom]

GEEEEEEOOOOOORRRRGGE! I love that he is developing such a great understated status in these videos. Sixty Symbols I'm sure many of us would like to see more of him!

[@bernzeppi]

It's a small world. I bumped into the guy from downstairs who is doing his Phd in biophysics and ask him how it is going. He explains how he getting certain proteins involved in photosynthesis in certain pink coloured seaweed to burst out of their packaging, unravel but that he's had 80% success rate in re folding these particular proteins. That is phenomenal! So he's been encouraged to try and blend together two of these malleable proteins mentioning he's using the atomic force microscope. "Oh the one invented by professor Moriarty?" "Yeah, how did you know?" "Well I questioned him on how you can measure a force without invoking one of the fundamental forces... I still don't get it" He explains how using the tip of an atomic force microscope is a bit of a skill and he's gotten good at it so he is invited to participate in all kinds of research with other groups at Sydney uni. He was interested in an experiment that was done there a few years back under Prof Hans Coster (he recognised the name) where two organisms (single cells) were put into contact with each other and microwave frequency voltage on two tips were tweaked till the organisms mixed their DNA creating a new organism. That research is now outlawed but the equipment is still there. So much interesting stuff going on.

[@bernzeppi]

Thanks for that correction. Actually he did correct me on that fact I was being a bit sloppy... I'm not a scientist. Erghhh... Did I say that? Anyhow, apologies for the panic, I was leaning on the fabulous fact that there are scientists everywhere... Even in my block of flats down the beach in Sydney (other incorrect term I used was seaweed in place of algae) Anyhow, I've opened a door that will allow me to deliver him a barrage of questions... We were both in a bit of a rush... So much to talk about. Thanks for your passion, you make science sound as exciting as it is.

[@aarons1875]

I really enjoy all these videos! I have learned so much and want to keep learning everything this channel as well as the many other channels that offer free information. everyone should want to learn new things every day, and its from watching these videos that I feel the need to go to school again and learn as much as I can. I thank you for the knowledge and look forward to many more informational videos!

[@TheZetr0]

This is a fascinating field of scientific research, one with many applications. I almost hate myself for wanting to put a "Universal atom bonding sounds like Dub-Step" joke in there. Truly marvellous explanation - thanks for the share.

[@AmpZillia]

This is the type of research that creates new frontiers in technology, changing the way we live. Kudos to you guys keep it up :]

[@tjpld]

Who writes these programs that are running on the PCs in the background? Are they open source?

[@Mezmorizorz]

It depends on the exact set up, but it's generally a combination of open source, something someone in that research group wrote at some point, and something written by someone the PI knows.

[@EitanLevinzon]

Professor Philip Moriarty is great!

[@Kommandant7]

Woah, easily the coolest Sixty Symbols video.

[@tind33p]

2:04 "remnant of Phil's coffee" Always cracks me up.

[@PSjustanormalguy]

That's classic, sub-atomic scale vibrations - brought to you by Marshall

[@kellyjackson7889]

It goes to -11

[@eugeniomyles]

This is some seriously awesome science.

[@sirlordford]

Philip Moriarty is truly a rock star of science.

[@SaintBrick]

Any chance we can get our hands on this data? My mind is being blown with the detail of it all, would love to see just how far the rabbit hole goes.

[@enzyme20056]

It's monstrous. That sound chills me to the core

[@thesecondislander]

Straddling the line between physics and chemistry :P

[@spektrum1983]

***** "nothing more than" is probably what makes them upset :) maybe it can be rephrased?

[@YdeckW]

***** Sorry prof. Moriarty, but that's a really tough issue for you to be able to answer so readily. I would recommend looking up some serious papers on that. A relatively new area of the philosophy of science is the philosophy of chemistry which has many arguments against such a plain interpretation. After all, how is quantum physics ever going to be able to explain the redox abilities of ruthenium when the Schrodinger equation (to my knowledge) currently can't help us with non-hydrogen-like atoms.

[@Ypnovatis]

***** They have every right to get upset.(although they do it for the wrong reasons) In that sense physics is just applied mathematics and biology applied chemistry etc... I always found the debate between chemists and physicists stupid and dull. It is what it is. I'd be more than happy to know the math you phycisists use and some of the best science talks I've had the chance to do in my life where between mixed scientists. (eng,phys,chem,bio) It could be said that there is no distinction between physics and chemistry (just like organic and inorganic chem) it's the perspective that changes and of course the scale. Not only the size, but the industry. You don't need quantum mechanics to make glue, ink, paint, ductape etc. You need simple, basic chemistry. We need to separate sciences in order to be more efficient in our respective jobs but nowadays, we all know it's just math :P And I really wish I'd have the time to (eventually) be both, a physicist and a chemist. It really is just a matter of time and money. So, instead of fighting let's all have a beer and say "cheers" ;) A chemist who loves physicists. Αnd engineers.And...

[@Ypnovatis]

Nah, whoever thinks that this was an insult coming from a well established researcher must be somewhat...dunno, weird? Easily offended maybe? (Don't take my previous answer as criticism, it's not) Anyways, let the chemists be upset, I know a lot of them that will laugh at that and keep posting awesome stuff. Without the emoticons. ;)

[@Maxander2001]

***** Isn't this more fun? ;)

[@TremblayCT2]

Super cool, great video. I was just watching another on the scanning tunnelling microscope IBM used to make their atomic movie. This is a really cool application, what sort of data are you hoping to get out of it though, what will you learn from this? Keep up the great videos guys, it's always a pleasure to watch and learn.

[@Borednesss]

Hydrogen bond record player... Do all hydrogen bonds sound the same, or do the ones created between these two molecules differ from ones if you used a different substrate? If they can differ, you need to create a substrate that can play a little tune!

[@MrBGeonzon]

OMG a vinyl record player sensitive to atom/molecules size differences. = Best analog sounding record player ever.

[@braveheart11]

The intro reminded me of Back to the Future's opening showing Doc's clocks and inventions. Awesome.

[@Ghost572]

God when I see how interesting science gets at the higher levels I feel that much more motivated to want to study physics.

[@DaxHamel]

I love science lessons from the Metal-head brother of Sherlock Holmes' nemesis. More of this nitty gritty stuff and More Moriarty!

[@patrykpatryczek4899]

WOW sixty symbols is by far the most interesting channel on you tube ! super interesting

[@gasser5001]

love your videos brady. so reaffirming to see other people as pumped with science and math. keep em comin!

[@Pedozzi]

loved it, but what's that rythmic pattern going up and down that we hear? what causes that?

[@dweebteambuilderjones7627]

It's a sine wave.

[@Dyslexic-Artist-Theory-on-Time]

If our eyes were more sensitive would we be able to see these bonds forming and breaking as photon energy?

[@eldritchedward]

This was a beautiful insight into the method you're using. Thanks for sharing.

[@Razzfazz87]

4:50 The poses electric guitar players make and the faces they pull is their body recognizing the awful sounds and rebelling while the mind is convinced it's making supreme music.

[@Razzfazz87]

Oh dear, I was just making a stupid joke and now I got some spotlight I really didn't want. *shamecape******

[@vk2zay]

How do you make the tips? Are the chemically sharpened or made lithographically? I've always wanted to build an AFM, seems like stretched copper wire cut diagonally isn't going to be sharp enough, unless I can sharpen it by crashing it deliberately and hoping to get a sharp break junction? Apart from the UHV and cryo systems the rest of the machine seems fairly homebrewable, just a piezo stage, marginal oscillator, DAQ, some signal conditioning, etc.

[@gizmoguyar]

So I'm thinking back to vinyl records and how they use a small tip in the groove of the record. Could we use a record with different types of molecules at different locations to represent different frequencies in music? It would be like a microscopic LP.

[@wesmatron]

7:00 The Universe's heartbeat.

[@nick18701]

you guys make the best record players

[@ClementFernandez96]

@Moriarty2112 You make Nano science absolutely interesting

[@Goodwithwood69]

Love this guy's enthusiasm!

[@naominekomimi]

I thought we didn't have the magnification necessary to see atoms? Did he say you could see them on the screen?

[@Twitchi]

he's not using light to image them he is using the interaction of the last atom of the probe and the surface to infer where the atoms would be.. so no need to magnify

[@nofacee94]

He explained about parts being white and parts being orange, showing the differences in bonding - so it was more of a reconstruction of where bonds between the atoms were made, than actual visible atoms.

[@TsurioProsper]

im so confused right now too. what were we looking at??????

[@njdinostar]

Yes, even subatomic resolution is npossible, like he says, but mind you, this is not with light or electrons, this is photon-free miscroscopy: scanning probe microscopy. You can scan the needle across a surface and measure it's interaction with the surface on a sub-atomic scale, so, yes, we can see atoms. Just not with light.

[@stok3si3]

It really depends on how loosely you define "seeing". You see something when packets of light special cells in your eyes, the change in the energy of the cell (and the cells it's connected to) cause an electrical signal to fire into the brain, and all the collective signals are processed and appear to you consciously as "seeing". When you feel the suns rays on your skin, you are actually absorbing UV light and feeling that - your skin is kind of "seeing" the light, but you don't have the necessary cells to process it into a picture, however you can still tell where it is on your body, how hot it is etc. This is actually the basis for how the pictures you are seeing are made. So first there is a surface made of a grid of silver and silicon. This is like a microscope slide - the place you put the atomic scale object on before you "look" at it. Then you have the tuning fork thing that they're talking about, but just think of that more generally as a needle pointing towards the surface. Imagine you had a completely flat table, and when you ran your finger across it with you eyes closed, you could feel that it was completely flat (you don't need to actually see it too know that). Now you put a little bump somewhere on the table.Doing the same thing again, you could feel that the table is no longer completely flat - your finger goes up a bit when it hits the bump, and down a bit when it leaves. In the case of this machine, the needle is your finger and the bump is the molecular structure you are feeling. A computer can keep track of exactly where the needle is and how high or low it is, and by moving the needle across the surface many many times in a regular patterned way (think like a printer - it just goes from side to side), it can build a 3D picture of what it moved over. This is how you "see" the atoms, because the computer can turn this collection of heights and corresponding X&Y positions into graphics in exactly the same way you can make a graph out of any other type of data. Obviously this is a bit of a simplification - It is super difficult because measuring such tiny, tiny, changes in the needle requires very smart people, computers and computer programs, but that it is pretty much it.

[@jmomm]

Awesome! I never thought of how they would make a sound...

[@KevinStanislawski]

Astounding! Thank you so much for doing this and posting this. Cheers to your life.

[@smaakjeks]

Bond: Do you expect me to talk? Moriarty: Yes.

[@DC_Prox]

I was waiting for a James Bond joke the whole time, 8:24-8:28 would have been the perfect moment.

[@Fean9rz]

We want videos with George the Department Legend !

[@Nerdthagoras]

Not to deviate from the video too much but its good to hear someone else favor Guitar Rig over using an amp. Made the change a few yrs back and I'm not disappointed.

[@sagaverterma]

I love Sixty Symbols; you guys are great

[@captaindavejseddon8788]

Does this mean we can 'break' a particular bond on a 'selected' molecule using a particular frequency? I am working on a resonant water system and I think sound is the new technology. :)

[@cbbuntz]

Was that frequency shifter similiar to the types used for heterodyning radio frequencies?

[@HewkiiMusic]

Isn't that sound distorted from the amp? I would settle with a standard Marshall for the cleanest sound.

[@adits9633]

TheOfficialHewkii ....

[@spoderman15]

+TheOfficialHewkii he's probably running it clean

[@Duncan_Idaho_Potato]

The way Prof. Moriarty was swinging that tuning fork around I was afraid he was going to put that nail through one of those screens. He's a very animated man.

[@robertbloch1063]

I got the idea of sampler, with resonant fork and glued needle. Very interesting. But how did you move the "needle" horizontally over sampled surface? I guess this movement speed need to be very stable and not too fast, givin a nice, slow and smooth ride of the sampling "needle"? Can you share how did you do that please?

[@mckecklee]

I learned so much from this, and it was entertaining! Thank you, Prof. M. : )

[@missingno3391]

Could you make a video on the bonding force because it would answer many of my questions.

[@AvatarOfBhaal]

Nice touch with the coffee remnant annotation! :)

[@thembubz777]

What a great video! Great nontechnical (and fun) introduction on AFM.

[@thesuccessfulone]

Can I have just that sound playing? It's comforting.

[@Friek555]

The guy that plugs his physics research equipment to his guitar amp... I love it. How about turning the overdrive up on this?

[@DanFrederiksen]

Amazing that the movement can be controlled at such a scale. Is it strictly a classical experiment or are there QM manifestations?

[@douro20]

The instrument is called an atomic force microscope (AFM) because it uses a very sensitive probe mounted on a silicon cantilever to detect the force of atomic bonds. From what I've read, scientists first explored using tuning-fork probes in these instruments back in 1997.

[@seeindarkness]

Can you use that same technique for identifying materials, analyze the frequency of this oscillation and from that derive the type of element ?

[@TheBandScanner]

Makes sense. It has been shown that sound is wired directly into the brain, whereas sight goes through an interpretation stage.

[@gamebent]

How fast is the tip moving across the atoms? How does that correlate to the sound output?

[@PINGPONGROCKSBRAH]

So just to clarify, is this method of using a microscopic tuning fork with a tip how Scanning Tunneling Microscopes work? Or is this method with the tuning fork a variation of the method using in a normal STM?

[@williamtsanders]

Professor Moriarty, would it be possible to create boolean circuits with this means of measurement?

[@ashwith]

I wouldn't be surprised if Prof. Moriarty turns this into a musical instrument ;-)

[@Jenny_Digital]

I never expected to hear atoms bonding! Nice to see some simple heterodyning in use to make that possible. Oh and the crystal frequency is 32768Hz in most watches because it makes the design and implementation of the state machine far simpler. 32768 dividing down so well. I'd hate for it to be a prime.

[@Bishop45acp]

lol, i thought it was sound of atom bombing and said to myself (not aloud, i don't do that, no), wow, Moriarty is really kicking things up a notch

[@kevind814]

So the up and down range of motion of the tuning fork tine is such that within that range the distance between tip and the atom varies from close enough to bond and far away enough to unbond?

[@nickthelight]

Professor, Given that an atom is the smallest 'thing', how do you use the perpendicular apendidge attached to the tuning fork to measure from 'above' to 'in between' atoms? Thanks (Can I 3d print you anything? )

[@ncdave4life]

I'm trying to understand the frequency shift. Does the resonant frequency go up or down when the bond occurs? My first thought was that when there's a bond it effectively increases the mass of the tuning fork by adding the mass of the bonded-to object and thus lowers the resonant frequency, and when the bond is broken the frequency increases. But that assumes that the bonded-to object is free to move with the fork. My second thought was that the bond effectively reinforces/stiffens the tuning fork, and thus increases the resonant frequency, so when the bond is broken the frequency decreases. If the tip were partway down the fork, it could work like a fret on your guitar, effectively shortening the fork's length and thus raising the resonant frequency, when the tip bonds.

[@theSuitMusic]

Would this be like the equivalent of a constantly changing mass-spring system, with a constantly chaining resonant frequency to determine other properties of the system?

[@JoeWehry]

Fantastic video, fun and educational.

[@boenrobot]

Sixty Symbols I'm wondering... Is it possible for this experiment to be done in the other direction? I mean, could you maybe use the atomic switch to arrange atoms in such a way so that they would match a premade sound pattern (that fits certain constraints, obviously, but still...)? I think it would be very interesting to see musicians coming out with music that is then "rendered on screen" as an atomic structure.

[@loykdoyk]

Why the heck was this so darn fascinating? :p

[@sufsanin1917]

George just might be the Neil of the physics department.

[@jamesbeech8612]

Where can I get a copy of this sound that you guys have made here?

[@Tremor244]

So what you showed at 3:24 is the actual picture of the atoms?

[@Tastedterror]

a compound, you see the small dots, each is an atom forming a bigger compound. So yeah, it's an actual picture of multiple atoms :D

[@Tremor244]

Tastedterror thx

[@charlesinsandiego2537]

Cool. In my experience with tuning forks you have to thwack them in order to get them resonating. How do you thwack such a tiny tuning fork?

[@davidwuhrer6704]

There is another, more elegant way: You play a sound at the resonant frequency of the fork.

[@PTNLemay]

3:30 Holy balls... I didn't realize we'd reached the point where we can take such clear pictures of atoms.

[@BadDogeU]

This needs to be in one of those videos where they replace the audio of the atoms bonding with some prog metal.

[@ellied3913]

Amazing!! The tip is actually looks like what AFM does, right?

[@Furankuftw]

I might be wrong, but this seems to be standard non-contact ('tapping') AFM. I hadn't heard or thought of listening to sound of it, though... very cool stuff

[@ellied3913]

Oh yeah, thanks for correcting me, I totally forgot about AFM tapping mode

[@Furankuftw]

***** Thanks for the reply! I stand corrected. Do the tip-sample interactions act to dampen the tip oscillation to provide the frequency shift, or is there some other mechanism that I'm missing? (I'll take a look at the review article when I'm back at uni tomorrow)

[@Furankuftw]

***** Not long-winded at all! I only have a cursory understanding of STM/AFM, so this is all very interesting