The Tragic Reality of Brain Drain on Poor Countries | Economics Explained

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The phenomenon of brain drain is when the best and brightest workers from poor countries immigrate to rich countries in the pursuit of higher pay and living conditions. This can hinder the development of poor countries because many of their best workers leave.
0:00 - 2:12 Intro
2:13 - 3:32 Course Careers
3:33 - 4:30 Advanced economies
4:31 - 6:35 What is brain drain
6:36 - 8:00 Demographics
8:01 - 9:20 Benefit to rich countries
9:21 - 12:16 Education
12:17 Solutions
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[@peoplesrepublicofliberland5606]

Mate, I love your videos and would love it if you ever made one about the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

[@shzarmai]

please do a video on the Economy of Madagascar and another one on the economy of Algeria.

[@rendyputra423]

The richest country in asia in per capita term is Singapore and Qatar not Japan.

[@Tethloach1]

Do a video on the advertising industry, and marketing.

[@mikeyb5591]

Your map includes Tajikistan as part of China.

[@switzerland]

I have the perfect example of brain drain, also in developed countries. Switzerland doesn't educate enough healthcare staff and doctors. German staff comes to Switzerland to fix it. Germany is lacking doctors now, polish people go and fix it. Poland lacks now doctors, which Ukrainians go and fix. Ukraine is the end of this line, except maybe Moldova. The numbers really match up greatly, and all because Switzerland is not keeping up with the population growth.

[@mazeltov6752]

Germany acts pretty stupid in this regard. We have incredibly high standards for becoming a doctor, but we rather import doctors (with lower standards) from foreign countries than allow more people to study medicine.

[@dannyarcher6370]

Germany acts pretty stupid in a lot of ways. Getting rid of nuclear. Dependence on Russian gas. War doves. Hitler is rolling in his shallow grave.

[@geekyprojects1353]

Poland actively repels young MDs with low salaries and idiotic bureaucracy. That's no problem for those fleeing the war only. Sometimes I think the policymakers can't be be possibly so stupid, they do it for some other nefarious reasons.

[@mazeltov6752]

@@dannyarcher6370 indeed. I don't think Hitler is an icon for Germans, but yeah we act pretty stupid lately.

[@Jonfeller]

@@mazeltov6752 Funding to Medicine degree is expensive for government and they get Immigrant doctors without investment , Just because they're from another country it doesn't mean they are low quality, its like saying BMW and MB are low quality than American cars because they're imported from Germany

[@ShihammeDarc]

I live in Bangladesh, once I saw a online post saying "The great Bangladeshi dream is to leave Bangladesh" and I 100% agree. There is no way I want to spend my life stuck here.

[@hirenahir76200]

Same with most of the south asia or most of the countries in the world

[@lovepeace9727]

The more people leave their countries for "american dream" = the more their own country becomes a mess. Only patriotism and unity can save countries from destruction these days, only fight against Globalists.

[@gsomethingsomething2658]

But it's _your_ and your ancestors culture. It's what generations of your family spent their lives building.

[@ishouldbeonmountrushmore6831]

@@gsomethingsomething2658 nope buddy. the generations stayed and worked to survive. it is just that

[@sasi5841]

​@@gsomethingsomething2658 the country is barely 50 years old. Though during its golden age (15-16th centuty) it was a major power in Asia with its own traditions, culture and all that, but pretty much lost everything in the next 4 centuries of foreign occupation (mughals, British, etc.)

[@banban8481]

Indonesia is weird, 20 years ago the dream is to go outside the country. But now lot of young people go to other countries learn from them and go back and improve Indonesia. I ask my friend who have the opportunity to study in Japan for 12 years until he finish his PhD. And he said "I can't help it, I love my country and want to improve it". Not all people have the same kind of mindset tho, still a lot of people choose to live outside. But the extremely educated actually go back and improve Indonesia.

[@its_not_the_Ishu]

Indian media also covered this topic...There are indonesians in IITs in india who instead of going to west or staying in India will go to Indonesia...I think indonesia is mineral rich and its GDP is rising since Jokowi came ,so that might be the reason..History and culture also can change cause this

[@kenyoh475]

I agree, as a lot of my friends who studied abroad will comeback to Indonesia and help build the country. Even people from China, Korea, and Australia are starting to coming to work here, whether it's for manufacturing or becoming a digital nomad in Bali. If there was no more authoritarian government like in the Soeharto era, and the country's economies and politics are stable then the probability of people who studied abroad coming back to their country would be massive.

[@its_not_the_Ishu]

@@kenyoh475 same with India...we opened to foreign investment in 1991 ....while china in opened 1978 when deng xiaoping become president...we are 15 to 20 years behind china

[@MariaUlfa-cn2rh]

Indonesian here, many of my university friends who continue their education to developed country for masters or phd going back home Many Indonesians think going oversea are only for study or working to get capital then going back home to Indonesia After staying in many different countries, I also cannot stay forever abroad. Home in Indonesia is like big family consists of my own family, friends, neighbour even fellow Indonesian who are stranger with me.

[@user-vv2fd6jk7m]

I am from Philippines but have also worked in Indonesia for a bit I also notice this, Indo always want to give back to theie country, I wish my people have this kind of mindset in my country, our politicians here have partisan interests, and everyone just wants to leave and not help the motherland

[@freakyfishy1]

Brain drain also happens inside Europe : I live in France and the "brightest" go to work in Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland (if they don't leave for the UK or Québec) France in turn receives all the Spanish, Portuguese and Italian engineers (plus a lot more from Africa)

[@giovannarossi5094]

@David Garcia Honestly people who are poor in our countries is because they want to.

[@x-a-]

I give : educated engineers 🇪🇺You get : 3rd world savages in your nearest city

[@yothiga]

I think a power of currency is an important factor. People want to get paid in the best currency so they can exchange it to use in their home country

[@freakyfishy1]

@@yothiga the thing is, we all use the same currency. But since the mentioned countries pay more, everyone wants to go work there.

[@bendover-bz4bc]

🤣🤣🤣for some reason this is bit funny to me. Spainish go to france and francis go to uk Germany 🤣🤣money and stability is very important in today's world. But you can also see how some people leave france while others come to france because of their ethnic and financial background. For person from very poor country france is like heaven but for person who's born in France it's very backwards country. Life is funny

[@XeratolPlays]

I'm from the Philippines, a Developing Country, and I'm part of that Brain Drain. I came from the top university of my country and wanted to give back since I was a scholar and my education was paid for by the tax payers. I had the opportunity to study in the US and even at the big tech companies like Microsoft and Autodesk. My biggest reason for not wanting to come back home is culture. Work culture in the tech industry is about growth. Sure, there are a lot of lay offs but you grow in every opportunity you land on. Back in the Ph, work is about personalities and culture. The quality of your work is based on who your friends are and which surname you have - your results can be ignored if you belong to the right family.

[@bry120]

Mahirap k lng pala s pinas

[@chudchadanstud]

This can easily be avoided by making such actions illegal and supporting workers who step up to report such behaviours. But the politicians are in on it, so change is difficult or nearly impossible. They need to tackle multiple areas at the same time. The big one is corruption.

[@1mol831]

No one want to third party the developed countries and go to all new place like Kenya? I.E. Brain drain from Australia into Kenya.

[@RatedR03]

@@bry120 Kaya talaga yung mga Chinoys. Depende talaga.

[@benf3171]

Meritocracy should always be the goal when it comes to work and education. It's sad that that is so hard to accomplish around the world. The US struggles with it, too, if you haven't noticed already.

[@nebakos7521]

Brain drain is a massive issue in Greece as well. In Greece all universities are free, so people earn their degrees with an investment made by the government and then end up leaving Greece to work in other countries, hence the government getting nil ROI, and losing well educated, productive individuals. This affects the economy not only by losing someone who would pay tax, but also by losing someone who could contribute to inovation, change and progress. I myself am an example of the above, educated in Greece and moved to the UK for a better life and career advancement.

[@kapoioBCS]

Yes, because there is no reason to stay in Greece. It is not only the salary or services. The culture and society in Greece is extremely depressing and toxic and people will never come to such culture, even if they want… (I know it is like the chicken or the egg paradox)

[@elivinture6672]

Uni are not free, they are funded by tax payers money, if your parents pay taxes and buy products that were tarrifed then they indirectly payed for their children university, nothing is free.

[@NielsvdHMC]

​@@kapoioBCSCould you explain why it's toxic and depressing? At my university (Netherlands) there are indeed a lot of Greek students, I always wonder why so many of them wanted to leave Greece (besides economy/salaries)

[@Roma_Aeterna64]

@@NielsvdHMC As a Greek i can say that culture has almost nothing to do with the brain drain. I know a lot of Greeks that immigrated out during the crisis and all of them are just doing it for money. The culture and tradition isnt toxic or depressing, idk why the other user said that.

[@ericktellez7632]

Yet Greece is a “developed economy”

[@zodiacfml]

Even as a grade school student in a Philippines in the 80s, brain drain is taught or is a topic in our school. Almost 40 years now, brain drain is just as bad or maybe worse. Little is happening in our country except services like BPO, tourism, entertainment, remittances. There is little manufacturing or engineering despite the cheap workforce that is cheaper than China. It's all good if you have the money to spend here. otherwise, you are at the bottom of the food chain with little growth and high risks.

[@NazriB]

Lies again? Get Educated Men Daki

[@cernos7230]

@@NazriB it's not a lie when it's true

[@socvirnylestela5878]

I am from PSHS and even my alumnis go abroad because the work culture here is stupid. I also seen it myself as well from my mom who is a magna cum laude yet the quality of work she does is always ignored or abused.

[@cernos7230]

@@socvirnylestela5878 yep, and this is why we prefer to work outside due to Pay vs Living Cost

[@zodiacfml]

@@socvirnylestela5878 "work culture here is stupid"🔥🔥 I can't even start...

[@_Bruno_Cesar_]

As a statistics student in Brazil, i see this in our daily life. My university is insanely good, people who manage to graduate here usually become excelent statisticians. The problem is, every year 120 students enter the university while only 16 graduate, not many. From the few people that manage to graduate, a large portion go to work abroad. Thats not only a loss of brains, my university is public, completely free, the government is losing money. I myself also plan to work abroad, but i would love to come back to Brazil. I really like living here. But brain drain isnt even the biggest problem. The biggest problem is the amount of drop outs, its a bigger internal brain drain, loss of hours of studies and lectures. It often happens because people have to work and cant manage to spend time on university. The government actually pay people to only study, pay their transport, pay for their food, but not many people get this "help" because we lack funding. I'm actually optimistic about this situation. We have a clear sight of a problem and i can see a lot of people working on it, i know who to give support. I'm actually thinking about doing studies on this issue on the future.

[@StochasticUniverse]

I applaud your sense of place. A man must remain loyal to his own people. This doesn't mean you have to be a jingoist, but you must shepherd your country through the bad times and the good. If everyone leaves, how can the place ever improve?

[@sandypan777]

As an Indian, I hear a lot about the lawlessness in Brazil. Does that also work in favor of brain drain?

[@NazriB]

Lies again? Best Dad Sea Food

[@_Bruno_Cesar_]

@@FleshMann-sp9xd It is

[@_Bruno_Cesar_]

@@FleshMann-sp9xd I guess you are completely ignorant to the dynamics of different legislations? I'll explain. We have our own mechanisms inside of Brazil, which means, at first glance, foreign diplomas do not apply in Brazil. The same apply similarly for most countries, which is a source of problems. To overcome those, there are many agreements of automatic recognition of diplomas between countries. In our case, we have such agreements with many countries from across the globe, specially HCCH countries. In some cases, you'd have to require a certificate of Academic Equivalency. Anyways, it is necessary understand the country of destiny's specific legislation to get the proper proceedings undergoing. I dont know the specifics, but in my Uni we have foreigners studying to get their validation in Brazil. I had a Russian Professor of probability once, at the time i remember doing a little research about him and getting the information that he did his validation many years ago. Nowadays, i'm not sure if it is still necessary a validation of statistics between Brazil and Russia, the curriculum of statistics between most countries and institutions dont seem to have a lot o variation. I'd even claim that most western countries are a level behind in terms of complexity of the questions in exams related to calculus and algebra (but that is only the info that i got from exchange students).

[@someguycalledcerberus9805]

Interesting note on the brain drain: it is happening _within_ countries as well, as rural regions go extinct and cities bloat to unmanageable sizes, with pollution, constant traffic jams and unaffordable housing.

[@Gigachad-mc5qz]

Nationalize housing, ban cars and build commie blocks. Easy fix

[@benf3171]

That's very true. I grew up in the suburbs on Memphis, Tennessee, but went to college in a very rural area of Mississippi. I remember a professor at my college said that staying that part of Mississippi (even for their very reasonable wage) was kind of like choosing to be a charity worker. The area's population had been in continuous decline since the 1930's, and the people left were in one of three categories: extremely fortunate land-owning farmers, a sprinkling of middle-class government/service workers servicing those rich farmers (or the college in my locale), or so desperately poor that they could not leave. The majority were obviously the desperately poor, and the quality of life was quite low, even in the college town.

[@Drkbowers1]

This is more an issue with the way the US has built it's cities to be car-dependent. Hardly any cities have decent public transport, and everything is built to be urban sprawl that creates a lot more traffic. A properly densified city is actually way more efficient and less polluting per capita than rural towns.

[@fisharepeopletoo9653]

As more companies adopt more remote policies and stop forcing people to move to population centers, this will reverse.

[@Drkbowers1]

@@fisharepeopletoo9653 I think this is only true to an extent. While I have seen more posts of people claiming to hate human interaction, overall cities are still more desirable to most people

[@qwepoi222]

Same thing has been happening inside countries as well, take Japan for example. Rural areas carry the costs* of raising children, but the best and brightest leave for cities like Tokyo where they can earn much more. And Tokyo then reaps the benefits of taxing those top earners, whereas the rural cities have to make more and more cuts, feeding this vicious cycle. To counter this trend, Japan has introduced the "hometown tax" program that gives taxpayers the choice to direct part of their tax to other regions. As a thank you and further enticement, generally a gift from that region (often local produce) is returned. (*Core healthcare and basic schooling are nationally funded, so that's good)

[@dr.wahnsinn9913]

Thats an great idea!

[@QuesoCookies]

Pay tributes for tax donations. Socialized fiefdom.

[@hansyang6291]

Seems like a reasonable idea and suits with the local culture as well. However in developed or even under developed countries where corruption still exist, this can't be done. More government spending would be use to control the corruption which make this Policy more expensive to maintain.

[@sor3999]

I think that might be why schools in the US are funded by larger governing bodies like the state and federal governments. People are not likely to work in their adult years within just the neighborhood they were raised in. They are also funded through local property taxes, but again, people don't stay in their tiny neighborhoods so this makes no sense at all and mostly a leftover of racist conservatives looking to defund black schools. So as long as people have freedom to move easily it should be funded entirely from state and federal taxes. Just in this comment section you hear a lot of Europeans getting free education then moving to Germany. It could be argued with the freedom to work anywhere then the taxes funding them should come from the governing body that allows this, namely the European Union, but you guys have this weird half-measure of a union and not a real union like the United States as I don't think the EU has power to do this.

[@TheYeetedMeat]

@@QuesoCookies what, and free market capitalism isn’t functionally feudalism itself?

[@IdidntReddit]

This video was nuts. It's 110% accurate. Every last word! I've literally just immigrated to Canada from South Africa on a student visa.. Because of crime and corruption basically... I believe for alot of people born in 3rd world countries. You don't want to leave but you feel forced into it. That said India by far seems to have the biggest brain drain maybe because of their population size but try go 5min in Toronto, London or Sydney and not find an Indian born in India. I am surprised by this because India's economy is on the rise.

[@Aditya-ty1rg]

India has a very large pool of highly skilled workers in fields such as information technology, engineering, and healthcare. India has also made significant investments in education over the past few decades, meaning that there is a growing pool of highly skilled workers in the country. While brain drain does result in a loss of talent and expertise from India, it also results in remittances from abroad.

[@shreygera1281]

@@Healingson so?

[@vetiarvind]

There aren't that many Indians in the new world compared to whites. We (India and Europe) are both continent sized regions comparable in area and population.

[@jonathantan2469]

That's because of the high population. The loss of tens of thousands of skilled doctors, nurses, software developers, etc. are offset by tens of thousands of local new graduates & upskilled workers. I had this conversation with a Pole & he observed that Poland's brain drain to Germany & UK, while bad, is not as bad as the brain drain affecting the Balkan states (eg. Bosnia, Kosovo). Poland has a much higher population than these states, so a loss of ten thousand skilled Poles per year in a country of 35 million is less of a problem than a loss of ten thousand Bosnians in a country of less than 5 million. It also happens that Poland has a relatively better system of governance & services, other factors that affect brain drain.

[@dhruvilkumpavat6037]

More than the Opportunities, in the era of 2023, people are colonialized by how good the roads are. Our healthcare is cheap and very much accessible but i have seen people living abroad for healthcare, but they just forgwt how easy it is to get healthcare here

[@brendancredence]

This just perfectly explained the problem Nigeria is facing. Over 500,000 Nigerians left Nigeria in 2022 in search for a better life in the us, UK and Canada. These people are the brains that could actually boost Nigeria's economy but due to problems they left and now they'll help develop those other countries instead

[@predaplantuser2742]

500000 thats a lot!!

[@mannidennis1031]

lol money talks homie

[@chrisf4443]

Yep, I'm definitely one of those brains who left for a better life. Born in a beautiful country in the centre of Africa then raised in Mali (West Africa). Daughter of a school teacher and an electrician, got to university at 16 years old and got 1 bachelor’s degree in plant biology (Algeria) and 2 masters in biotechnology and agroresource production (France) at the age of 23. I went back to my country right after I graduated but I couldn’t get a job worthy of the name. With a country plagued by coup d'état, bad governance, widespread corruption and terrorism, there was virtually no prospect of employment. So I applied for jobs in France and in less than 2 weeks, I had a job offer for an engineering position with a 4-year renewable residence card. And as an African, it saddens me to see many African countries suffer this brain drain and all because of poor governance. But fortunately, things are changing and many of us are going back to the continent to start businesses and make things happen. I’m going to start my own company in two years. So there’s still hope.

[@rasimbot]

What will your company do?

[@shiramaro]

"beautiful" lol

[@chrisf4443]

@@rasimbot Aquaponic food production

[@chrisf4443]

@@shiramaro Sometimes it's better to shut your mouth when you don't have anything smart to say.

[@satyasankalpapanigrahi9416]

@@chrisf4443 Which food items will u produce ?

[@talideon]

One thing though: once a country is subject to a brain drain, it can become difficult, even if that country becomes a developed economy, to get rid of the thinking it engenders, and it can end up being used as an economic pressure valve in the worst possible ways. Ireland is an example of this, where the government's lack of desire to deal with housing costs has lead to a brain drain amongst younger people to places where housing is more affordable, and this has been practically *encouraged*. It's a deeply toxic cycle.

[@DivineFrag]

Estonia has been in a similar situation for a couple decades I want to say. Housing in Tallinn I believe is twice as expensive (on a per square meter basis for apartment pricing) as it is in Riga (Latvian capital) while incomes are around half of those available ~80 kilometers across the bay in Finland. Similarly, Estonia has continuously misplaced funds allocated by the European Union by placing those funds in 90% capacity to Tallinn (Estonian capital) and Harju county (the county where Tallinn resides), leading to large regional inequality. There are historic quotes from one of Estonia's presidents (T. H. Ilves), e.g. when in 2010 he told Estonians living in Canada to come back home. He had said this before as well back in 1998 when he was foreign minister.

[@inasnetino5882]

don't get me started on Argentina, lol. We have really bad demografics while been a poor country, because here is not only bran drain, but also people just don't want to have children in this awful country. Imagine all the things said in this video plus some...

[@Rubysh88]

My country Portugal is a perfect example: young people as soon they get their degrees, they emigrate because Portugal, while a developed country, it’s not worth staying as a qualified person because low wages and high taxes on wages that can’t even be considered median in European standards…

[@kamalsharma2839]

Poorty just can't be counted in USD or Euro. West claims of so-called poority based on USD or Euro per capita is bogus. Because many of so-called poor countries also need that lesser incomes/money to sustain standard things of living. Stop spreading your West propaganda

[@victoronumaegbu182]

@@Rubysh88 I’m curious, where do they emigrate to? Because quite a few people in my home country (Nigeria) have emigrated to Portugal.

[@KruskDerTank]

I have spent years teaching at a research university in Vietnam, and I have observed that young Vietnamese students whose parents can afford to send them abroad or who receive scholarships rarely return. This is partly due to issues with work culture, ethics, and pay. Many can earn higher salaries in their field abroad than they can by working in Vietnam. Additionally, Vietnam still faces the problem of "Con ong chau cha," which translates to "the children of officials/ministries." This refers to individuals who have connections or are relatives of influential people and receive preferential treatment over those who do not have such connections. While this is not the sole reason for the brain drain, it is a contributing factor. Please feel free to correct me if I am mistaken, as I am open to learning more on the topic.

[@tyulpanyyyy]

as a Vietnamese, i confirm it :((

[@saltyegg8546]

Also, the difference in money currency is one of reasons why they prefer to work in foreign countries.

[@KruskDerTank]

@@saltyegg8546 Absolutely, I've seen a case of a student from my institute who participated in an exchange program to our university's main campus in Melbourne, Australia. During their exchange, they worked part-time while their expenses were covered by their parents back home. Upon returning to Vietnam after their exchange period, they brought back a substantial amount of AUD which, when converted to VND, amounted to a small fortune. However, these are just the cases of students who return home after their exchange program. More commonly, students choose to stay in Australia and continue working, sending money back to their families in Vietnam. While this still constitutes a form of remittance for Vietnam, it also means that the country is losing out on the expertise and skills of these highly skilled workers.

[@saltyegg8546]

@@KruskDerTank Indeed. Can't blame them for refering to work in foreign countries rather than in their homeland when their own government treats their people terribly. Despite that, the Vietnamese or any developing small countries in general are being influenced or ''groomed'' to have that American dream by mostly from their older generation for what I have observed.

[@zankhinsaeturn115]

@@saltyegg8546 Bitcoin might be a solution

[@rommelmoh]

I was educated as a civil engineer in Australia and came back to my country. I got many good offers to join both local and foreign companies with good salary. But after the coup and civil war, all has changed negatively. Had to resign from well paid job. Now working as a teacher with salary lower than $200 per month. But thanks God, Australia gov invited me to become a permanent resident of their country.I really thanks them from the bottom of my heart

[@discofrancais]

Australia is a great place to be a civil engineer. Huge country and lots of infrastructure investment. Welcome!

[@___alessandro.337]

Let me guess🤔🤔🤔... You are syrian🇸🇾😃

[@fh8047]

​@creepy.__337 you are creepy indeed 😂

[@zetwiggy]

Australia is not the full package......

[@beback_]

My home country of Iran has one of the worst brain drain problems in the world. But to stop it the government has to resort to extreme measures such as not murdering people over showing a bit of hair, which they seem unwilling to do.

[@lucianoradice5257]

The protests ended up in nothing didn't them?

[@LancesArmorStriking]

Culture openness would not reverse the brain drain lol, you need to create a virtuous cycle where people want to come because there are already so many people coming and this creates opportuntiy. and there is no easy way to do that without some economic miracle. Plenty of more progressive counties also experience brain drain, you just have to magically be a large economic force to keep people in your country willingly

[@user-cx9nc4pj8w]

@@LancesArmorStriking Yes, but most people don't want to go have a country where you get murdered for touching your wife in public, especially when it's heavily sanctioned, so there's no reason to go there in the first place.

[@imiy]

You can close borders

[@beback_]

@@lucianoradice5257 Yeah nothing came out of it for now unfortunately.

[@xiphoid2011]

As a Chinese American, I whole heartely agree. My parents, my wife and I are all came to the US to study and graduated with doctoral degrees. With better higher education, 10x income, greater personal freedom, millions of of the most tallented Chinese students immigrated. Of course, with the higher income and wealth accumulation, we also paid much more taxes than the average american families. It was good for our families, and it was good for the US who tooks us in when we had nothing but the cloths on our backs.

[@seanpruitt6801]

im so glad you made it here, congrats!!!

[@himanshusingh5214]

A lot of research papers in the US are published by Chinese dudes.

[@seanpruitt6801]

@@himanshusingh5214 and Japanese and Germans and British and Korean, your point being??

[@himanshusingh5214]

@@seanpruitt6801 They are higher in number. I don't think many people from these countries would be migrating to USA.

[@seanpruitt6801]

@@himanshusingh5214 this is inherently untrue when looking at immigration to the US

[@greenscreenman6453]

I always wondering why Indonesia dont have such "culture" to go work or study overseas just like our neighbouring countries like the Philippines, Malaysia or Vietnam, besides being the fourth populated country which caused the Indonesian sphere in the west feel very dim. But, this video provides information which work as a salve for me. Our students who study overseas, mostly, do want to come back to Indonesia and Indonesians are mostly reluctant to go overseas. My parents got offered to work in Australia back in the late 90s but simply refused it. My highschool classmate also got accepted in International Undergraduate Program for Tech Major in Australia but simply refused the acceptance when he got accepted in one of Tech Institute in Indonesia.

[@meetchanhere508]

What are the reasons? I'm curious. Does it have a higher living standard or sth attracting its citizens to stay?

[@sydneylaroche8276]

I think the fact that is a massive country helps, if there's no opportunity in one part of the country, there probably will be somewhere else. China is similar in this way. Also Indonesia is a long way from the US and Europe so it's a lot less practical maybe than a Libyan going to Europe or a Mexican going to the states.

[@lukashenrique4295]

I'm from Brasil, a developing country that's getting worse each year, we just barely keep up with inflation and as said in the video, it does have a huge amount of corruption and crime. for these reasons I'm planning to move out, what's missing for me is finishing my graduation and having 2 years of experience in my field of expertise (I.T), then I'm out of here. Brasil is no joke, going out afraid of getting robbed every time is a feeling we get used to.

[@Calikid331]

This also happens in the West as well. I've heard many Canadians who choose to live in the US after finishing school simply because they're making double what they would make in Canada. It's part of the reason why Canada's economy has been stagnating, it's proximity to the US causes a lot of the best talent to leave the country.

[@austinbaccus]

Better weather too. But not as polite!

[@blah2blah65]

@@austinbaccus Haha, so true. I love my Canadian colleagues!

[@dannydaw59]

Are they in the medical field?

[@zachweyrauch2988]

Thats really broad but im thinking pretty similar ideas. I dont think this is because of money though i think its because of development. In the past 50 years the US has had some real logistics issues but look at all the industry that has cropped up and become successful. Most canadian growth since the 70's is suburbs and all that money is artificial value. In canada its not that people need the money they would make in the US to live, things are cheaper here or available in different ways (less driving primarily) the reason my spouse had to take work in Detroit was lack of space available in healthcare. (this happens for most advanced industries especially trades) We are completely screwed for healthcare workers now... but only six years ago my spouse as a nurse couldnt get an interview in like six hospitals across four towns. Shes talented too. After two years in the rural hospital we moved to she takes over as site lead next month.

[@angelin0912hn]

And that’s happening with international trained individuals too. The canadian government brings them in for their skills and the professional licensing bodies scare them away. Some just grab the passport and go back to their former places where they can actually buy something with whatever money they earn. Or they just move to the states and get recognized professionally fast and get a work visa faster with the canadian passport

[@SergiyPlygun]

An extremely interesting situation was in Ukraine. The highly skilled it engineers prefer to stay in Ukraine, despite of having the life standards not that high. The reason is quite obvious, tax level of 5% of an income. The govt BADLY wants to raise this % up, but each time it declares such intent, some part of it workers mysteriously vanishes all of a sudden, appearing lately in the neighbor countries, and so the govt has to make a silly face saying smth kinda "oh, we did not mean that, the law is not yet ready".

[@jameswaynes83]

Same thing in Romania. There is 0% tax for software industry engineers and technicians since 2001 and it works, now this industry is 8% of GBP and pays better salaries than in Western Europe. The thing is, western countries have a huge problem with assets like real estate being too expensive compared to wages even for highly skilled professionals nowdays. In Eastern Europe communist dictatoships were able to take ownership of the real state assets as they liked so they did and demolished all houses in the city centers and even the peripherial areas, and build plenty of appartment buidings instead. So real estate remains quite cheap an affordable, as there is plenty of offer. Thus, a maid can be paid 10 times less than an engineer and can still afford a nice place to live and can fill up her refrigerator. So the engineer can afford to pay someone to cook, take care of the children while he is out, the house maintenance and all sort of things that are unafforbale for a Frech, German or UK engineer. Thus, the engineer living in Eastern Europe is far more competitive and motivated that the one living in Australia ou Western Europe, as he is making 10 times the local minimum wage and has the purchasing power that comes with that. Which is huge actually, this enables him to work more hours and have the time to learn much more too, not having to do a lot of things at home and being less stressed. In Western Ruope, Australia or even the US, you could never pay the housemaid 10 times less than the engineer, as with that pay no housing or food would be affordable considering the price of real estate driving up the cost of living with it. So, what can be done and works for countries suffering from brain drain is building enough affordable housing in big cities and making sure that highly skilled workers have a better living standard than whan they could have in the rich countries. The fact that in the West they are not able to build affordable housing for the young generations, for political reasons, is a huge weakness that mush be exploited.

[@AdroMarian]

@@jameswaynes83 Romania doesn't pay better salaries than W EU, it's usually half of the amount. The IT people in Romania that can hire a cook and all that in 90% of cases are working remotely and earning a Western salary. Also there's 0 income tax, however you'd still have to pay pension, healthcare, etc OR set up a business

[@imiy]

It's 2% now

[@boomerix]

​@@jameswaynes83 You also have to keep in mind that with the comparatively lower wage in the east we are more competitive when trying to get contracts. Even tho in Hungary we are fairly cheap from a German or American perspective we still need to compete with Indians who are way cheaper than us. Most of our customers are companies who got burned by the bad performance of Indian companies but still don't want to pay for expensive western engineers.

[@jameswaynes83]

You know, even in Western Europe an engineer does not make € 10 000 à month. 3 000 € after income tax is a good pay actually in most countries of the region. And when an appartment in a major city costs like 500 000 € or more that is a problem, and is driving up the cost of living a lot. I know an experienced developer that lives in Bucarest, 10+ experienced engineer, rather family man that spends a lot of time with his children., Not a manager or a director, and he has a 4 000 € / month salary after tax. He already finished paying 2 appartements and is better off than any of the Western Europe engineers I see around me. He tells me he had offers to work in Western Europe but he saw that the cost of living is too high compared to the salary he would get. And many of his collegues feel the same, the offers they get to work abroad are not interesting considering the much higher cost of living in a good neighbourhood in major cities.

[@williambonadurer9750]

I wrote a paper on remittances back in college. Specifically about the Philippines. Remittances can be great for local economies because it is money sent to the bottom of the economy. In developing nations this is very important as money in the hands of the "wealthy" leads to more corruption and less overall economic growth. When money is sent to poor families it helps them to buy what they need and spurs local investment and allows people to start buisnesses. So the concept of a brain drain is bad for developing nations, but many of these countries welcome it as this provides foreign currencies as well as boosts to the economy in the form of remittances. I feel like I did a very bad job elaborating on this because I already took a melatonin, may edit in the morning.

[@StochasticUniverse]

Remittances from the US have been the leading source of Mexico's GDP for many years now.

[@SuperPagt]

Lebanon is a country living off remittances

[@fh8047]

​@@SuperPagtso is india.

[@sakshisingh155]

@@fh8047 a 4 trillion economy with remittances of 112 billion is living off remmitances, so real.

[@patriciaa4451]

This is definitely what is happening at least in my experience as a Kenyan. Almost every family has or is trying to sent one of their kids abroad. They are few good jobs here. Of my 4 siblings, two are in Australia and UK respectively.

[@joeltchitchi2536]

This is a very real problem. I’m from a third world country, and have just graduated from the best engineering schools of my country. But the lack of jobs, and other possibilities have made it so almost all of my class mates have preferred to go to Europe/ Canada for better life.

[@LordCoeCoe]

No one wants to go to the US?

[@felipeferrari1754]

@@LordCoeCoe US is difficult to stay. No program for immigration as Canada and education is way pricy. I think a lot of people would like to immigrate to US but the conditions do not help.

[@Murloc017]

@@LordCoeCoe It's harder to get to USA than to other countries, you need either green card or work visa and it's honestly not that much better than other countries. It's great country to live in (although americans love complaining about it), it's just not better than the alternatives.

[@scoldingwhisper]

@@LordCoeCoe US is a very bad place to be a poor person... depending where you're coming from you might be better off staying home

[@joeltchitchi2536]

@@LordCoeCoe my country is primarily francophone, so there’s already the language barrier, plus countries like Canada have really good programs inviting skilled workers from all over the world, contrarily to the US

[@Eggmancan]

You touch on it at points in the video, but it's important to stress that brain drain is only one factor in the bigger problem: poor governance. Crime, pollution, and the overall economic environment are directly related to governance and how much a country has invested in infrastructure and education. Corruption and poor leadership need to be overcome before any country can hope to become an advanced economy.

[@susanjones5905]

I think you're spot on. And when once a country has good governance, they can put in place policies to mitigate/reverse brain drains by incentivizing immigrants back. Infrastructure, education and safeguarding against corruption as well as against religious extremism are so important.

[@Bell_plejdo568p]

@@susanjones5905 huh what does religious extremism have anything to do with

[@Strawation]

@@Bell_plejdo568p lol, coming from a country where ISIS recruited from, this is hilarious. Have you not been on their side of the internet? Who wants to live in a country with widespread incel, brainless attitudes?

[@grapy83]

I agree. I was almost saying it repeatedly while watching this well put video. I wonder how he missed these burning points.

[@TeddyKrimsony]

actually it's the opposite, Corruption and poor governance are the results of the brain drain. The USSR prevented educated people from leaving and that made them a "peer power", the "containment" policy ie economic embargo is what hampered their civil development.

[@a-aron9952]

In Indonesia, there is govt. program that pays for select grantee to study abroad and even make living for study period, yet there is some of them who refused to go back and contribute back for government despite already sworn vows in their selection process. Suddenly its becoming issue of patriotism while the program is criticized and grantee is often stamped as hypocrite.

[@paulonas]

I'm from Brazil and i got intrigued by the part of the video (1:20) where you say that we are "the first country ever to go from a advanced economy back to a developing economy". If you guys can research why that happened it would be of great value and create good insight for us from here. Love the channel by the way!

[@ender8759]

Yes. I did not know about that either. I knew about Argentina not Brazil 🤔

[@___alessandro.337]

Me too😔🇧🇷

[@YangwanAuto]

Is about Argentina not Brazil, sadly this channel spreads huge fake news and disinformation, the guy barely knows where his own British colony country is...😂

[@Oyamanosolo]

It also happens between developed economies. See at the number of young professionals moving from Italy or Spain to Germany or Nordic countries. I'm always amazed by the number of coworkers from abroad in those countries. Population in South and Eastern Europe are aging and a large percentage of young educated people just move away. It will have long term important consequences. I cannot see any way to reverse this as Northern Europe just keep getting more attractive with the influx of new workers with higher education.

[@thequestion3953]

We had a huge influx of Spanish and Italians in London in the early 2010s as well. Probably not gonna be the case with Brexit now though

[@ElJosher]

Spain also receives latin americans. Maybe not at a replacement rate, but they certainly receive more people from underdeveloped countries than italy. Most likely.

[@dwargonedragon794]

I can understand people from truly poor countries who immigrate, but the supposedly developed middle-income countries of Southern/Eastern Europe also has people moving out. Educated people of all things too. Is nobody out there loyal to their country anymore?

[@dieptrieu6564]

@@dwargonedragon794 Loyal to your country is bad for you and everyone. The US is the best example of this. All of the great things they created are not made by the local but all of the immigrants. For human society to keep moving up, you need good environment for special individuals to thrive. And often time, the place you are born with might not be the ideal place for that

[@alexd832]

​@@dwargonedragon794 Italians have zero faith in our completely inept political class, we love and are loyal to our culture and natural environment but not to the Italian government or to other italians which often speak a dialect we can barely understand (they understandably think the same of us)

[@mihailrangelov8343]

I think that one's desire to live and work in his own country is being underestimated a bit. Most people would prefer to stay close to their family, even for less money in comparison to what they could earn by immigrating. However, corruption and lawlessness makes people lose hope and ultimately leave.

[@Omega-mr1jg]

This is very true id rather live in turkey if i could get a functional government or atleast fitting wages for my position

[@WitchMedusa]

People just need freedom & liberty. These economic policies & restrictions holding them back makes it impossible for them to thrive.

[@tienphan637]

It is, there are a lot of factors influencing people like us in making the decision to leave our hometown in search of better opportunities (not just prosperity).

[@AnthonyBecause]

I agree! To a smaller degree, I went to work in a big city in the US, and was getting paid very well, but i missed my family and the neighborhood i grew up in, so I took a pretty big pay cut and moved back to a smaller rural town in the US. And now i'm much happier, even though i'm earning far less.

[@genghiskhan5701]

@@AnthonyBecause One thing that I see changes all this is the prevalence of work from home and online job set up where you can work anywhere you want.

[@grow_one1476]

There also can be a video made on the topic of micro-macro paradox. Thinking about it always makes contradictions and having an economical view of the possible solutions to these contradictions would definitely be a topic for another economics explained video .

[@alaaaldafrawy6837]

Greetings from Cairo Egypt 🇪🇬 thanks for sharing the message

[@joaopedroboscomachado3734]

I'm sure there's already other comments pointing out this same idea, but a video about the economic history of Brazil, having the largest GDP in Latin America and also having such a unique backstory (mainly tainted with third-world country problems, but unique nonetheless) would be greatly educational, not to mention appreciated. South American countries are rarely thought about when it comes to global economics and geopolitics, and shedding some light about it would be instructive to a lot of people, in my opinion. Greetings from a brazilian viewer, and keep up the good work!

[@echoesinthevoid4663]

Ele já fez o video sobre o Brasil.

[@Tuppoo94]

I remember seeing headlines 15 years ago about Portuguese people moving to Brazil for better economic opportunities. I don't see those anymore. What happened?

[@echoesinthevoid4663]

@@Tuppoo94 A lot of stupidity...

[@Tuppoo94]

@@echoesinthevoid4663 Brazil has a vast population, vast natural resources, and a holiday-maker's climate, and it's still struggling. Something isn't right. Why is South America almost completely irrelevant in the global economy, except for foodstuffs?

[@echoesinthevoid4663]

@@Tuppoo94 Culture, the political climate in most of this country's is conducive to populism, a sensible but harsh economical policie would never pass. Combine that with the general corruption associate with the area, and you have the perfect conditions for stagnation. In short the distrust in the area is too strong for any serious business to flourish.

[@rhysticbuddy61]

You hit the nail on the head with the schooling stuff. I've also noticed people from other countries are working WAY harder in their roles as well vs home born workers. Like the case for just hiring migrant labour in advanced roles is crazy. Why would I hire someone who wants a full salary and 40 hrs/wk if I can hire a migrant at 70% and 60 hrs/wk because they NEED a job otherwise they get kicked out of the country. Its de-valuing labour to such a degree that it's making it almost impossible to live any semblance of a decent life

[@0s0sXD]

In what country, in what job field have you you noticed this trend?

[@disposabull]

I spent a few years working in education. Many of the immigrants have fake qualifications from places like Pakistan diploma mills, they pat someone to take a language test and they falsify paperwork. We have a system designed for honest Christians that is being exploited by very dishonest people who have no intention of ever trying to study when they can criminally exploit the poor in their home country and bribe their way to a "respectable status" degree over here. This means an increasing number of qualified doctors, nurse, engineers etc have shockingly bad morals, skills, and can barely speak the language. But just so long as the son gets the degree, the entire family gets a ticket to the West.

[@emc477]

@@0s0sXD This is a prevalent issue in a lot of civic construction in the US. Especially where I live non union labor is overwhelmingly migrant labor and disproportionately undocumented labor. When we would get off holidays they would be called in to work, they worked longer hours for less pay and at times no healthcare or benefits.

[@khanalprabhat]

Perhaps because paying only 70% of salary and asking them to work 60 hours per week is actually illegal and you might get heavily fined or even go to jail in worse case (at least in Europe).

[@davedavidson8892]

@@0s0sXD Ive noticed this trend in analytical chemistry within Ontario, Canada

[@GrosPointRouge]

Brain drain may be a problem for developing countries but let us not forget that diasporas contribute massively to their home country’s economy. For instance, countries like Lebanon and Senegal depend a lot on remittances to stay afloat.

[@vladtheimpalerofd1rtypajee316]

No country has ever become an advanced economy on the back of remittamces.

[@ramitarajesh9021]

Please do make a video on the debate Growth v/s Sustainability. Countries with the objective for short term goal of 'Growth' are ignoring the fact that resources will get exhausted one day. I think countriess should now focus on Growth with secondhand or recycled goods to achieve growth with sustainability.

[@gregwochlik9233]

Well, I am a contributor to the "brain drain". My family emigrated to South Africa in 1990 when I was 9 y.o. I got my schooling and a B-Degree; I worked in the electronics industry for 20 years. The politics have gotten quite bad, and in 2020 I moved to my native Poland, taking my skills with me.

[@georgiykireev9678]

Migrating from Poland to South Africa? Interesting, seems like more of a downgrade to me tbh

[@gregwochlik9233]

@@georgiykireev9678 At the time, Poland was still under comunism.

[@bonangmopaki1129]

Do you think that skilled migrates from South Africa are mostly white? What have your personal experiences been.

[@somethinglikethat2176]

​@@bonangmopaki1129 both black and white from what I've seen in Australia.

[@sambros2]

@@somethinglikethat2176 tbh I don't think I've met a black south african in Australia, only white and south asian

[@SpectatingBystander]

This is true. But also the thought of returning to ones home country is rendered difficult to impossible. As say I wanted to set up the same business back home would be either met with low skill, a reluctancy to work or the corruption or crime would have you killed or compromised.

[@chocolatemonster6165]

Do you think this is a byproduct of brain drain or a factor?

[@Tethloach1]

You can't move an organization to a different region without make the needed adjustments. You have to adjust your standards to meet each region, or risk failure.

[@SpectatingBystander]

@@chocolatemonster6165 Both as training staff tend to take those skills to a more prosperous country. So the situation never improves.

[@wafercrackerjack880]

@@chocolatemonster6165 Not a by product definitely, the same reason someone left their own country are the same reasons why they are not going back. Why would you expect a shithole to be better once you leave?

[@elisestegmann9125]

The Netherlands has spent years doing exactly what you explained: getting as many international, preferably non-EU students to Dutch universities. Now government and universities are looking into how they can reverse these actions without breaking discrimination laws (complicated to explain shortly but oh well). This is because having such a large international student body, while great for the income of the country, has many side effects that are rearing their ugly heads. The housing market is in crisis especially student housing, only amplified by the number of internationals needing accommodation. Dutch students are rejected for programs in favour of internationals, but INT are more likely to leave the country again after they've concluded their studies. And courses are increasingly catered towards internationals, taught in English, causing genuine language delay/decay among Dutch students, and making NL students more likely to go international for their jobs, because they have the language and skill to do so. (Not to mention the number of no-show INT students, that apply and get accepted, are signed up at a uni, just to get a visa and work, never actually fulfilling their education)

[@gilmota1120]

Where are the Duch students going to?

[@mrblackmamba117]

I'm a former international student in Ireland and suffered from the severe housing crisis. The universities keep inviting more and more Asian students disregarding housing limitations. In the end, everyone is miserable. It's very interesting to see the perspective from the native's side. I'm also part of the massive Indian brain drain and have a good future in Europe, but the housing situation is making me rethink about my choices.

[@qwertyuiopasone3053]

​@@mrblackmamba117 come back! Modi is calling you! No worries

[@rbnw]

@@gilmota1120 I went to Switzerland. But will definitely not stay here. Switzerland is beautiful, but I miss the Netherlands and my fellow Dutchies.

[@Kirumi_kanda_Cholan]

I'm Pretty sure a good number INT students want to stay in Netherlands and contribute to society. But does the Dutch government make it easier for them to stay on after their studies?

[@GenericYTFan]

A misuse of this brain drain can be found in Canada, where highly skilled doctors and engineers become Uber drivers, all while wait times are 8 hours in even a big city hospital. Imagine a rural hospital in what is the second largest country in size

[@incokenzie8702]

Bro are you sure

[@angelsald355]

I find that hard to believe

[@gabyazzi3600]

I am from lebanon a country that have been suffering of the 3rd worst economics crisis for 3 years now and decades of brain drain . it would be a great video if you talk about the economy of lebanon and put it on the economic board

[@blah2blah65]

As an American who grew up in Saudi Arabia where many of my friends were Lebanese and the local cuisine was Lebanese and therefore the best, I agree we want to see Lebanon on the economic board! 😃

[@duartesilva7907]

All the best to Lebanon, what an amazing country. You'll rise from the ashes as you always do!

[@noneofyourbusiness4830]

At the same time, Lebanon gets the most Syrian refugees per capita. Don't those guys have enough "brain"?

[@eh1255]

Something worth mentioning in the context of this video is that the U.S. exacts income tax from citizens and permanent residents working in foreign countries. I used to work overseas, and one of the primary reasons I decided to move back to the U.S. was because my income exceeded the tax treaty with the country I was working in and I began incurring an extremely high effective tax rate on additional income. I don’t like this policy, but it seems like an effective way to keep your best talent from leaving, or at least to recoup some of your losses if they go away way. Do you have any insights into why more countries don’t have similar policies?

[@ocvir5628]

All other countries can’t apply similar policies because, unlike the US, they don’t control the banking system globally. Thus enforcing this type of tax becomes impossible if the individuals aren’t in the country

[@LancesArmorStriking]

​@@ocvir5628 To add to this, I feel the US would try to disincentizie any sort of copying this policy by other countries, since it would keep immigrants from coming to the US and enriching it further. Basically anti competitive practices. But yes controlling SWIFT and being the reserve currency will also let you get away with many things

[@don9870]

I think other poor or developing countries can't do the same because the people leaving to work in another country's don't care about following their home county's laws. they try to get citizenship in the new country and don't want to return. but in the case of U.S. you have a good life and benefits in US and you don't want to lose them.

[@TeddyKrimsony]

if other countries do they get global-NGO funded activists calling for regime change or sabotage campaign

[@PlaystationMasterPS3]

it could encourage citizens to forfeit their citizenship. that means you'd lose them forever

[@patrickfriesen7740]

Thank you for these insights. I would really like to see an episode on Paraguay, since it's below everyone's radar 😊

[@Bulgarian021]

This is very interesting. I really like the way this channels presents stuff. I myself did move to another country and do not live in Bulgaria due to what EE mentioned, many hardworking Bulgarians with a good education and desire to succeed go to a better country, so this is something which causes economic damage.

[@joellekassulkev47]

Insightful video. I just want to know best how people split their pay, how much of it goes into savings, spendings or investments. I'm 30, and earn nothing less $150k per year, but nothing to show for it yet

[@IVRollemberg8608]

People spend money when they have it. And certain people spend more money when they have more. Consider seeking advise from a financial advisor if you are concerned about managing your finance better

[@AmFaucher255]

@@IVRollemberg8608 I concur. According to my own experience with fiduciary counsellor --Brianna Mckee Harris, having $385k in a well-diversified portfolio that has increased by 3x via compounding, venture capital doesn't only come down to money; you also need to be knowledgeable, patient, and have strong financial backing.

[@waltermartinelli8384]

@@AmFaucher255 Brianna really seems to know her stuff. I googled her name and found her website, read through her resume, educational background, qualifications and it was really impressive. She is a fiduciary who will act in my best interest. So, I reached out, my retirement plans are going down the drain with my 401k particularly losing everything it gained ever since 2019.

[@joellekassulkev47]

@@AmFaucher255 thanks for sharing this, I googled the lady you mentioned and after going through her resume, I can tell she's a pro. I wrote her and I'm waiting on her reply

[@bdlbug6]

Step 1: figure out where that money's going, and build yourself a budget. Once you know that, you can stare at your expenses and income to figure out what the best splits are for you. Be sure to remain realistic about what you can accomplish as you are now. Everyone's situation is different, so looking at what other people do isnt always the best thing to do, when it comes to figuring out specific dollar values or percentages.

[@Byak10]

In Latin american countries corruption can feel so overwhelming that no matter what you do, how much you study or how good you are, you ll face the sad reality of the corruption wall and it will stop everything unless you yourself give in to the system, it sucks.

[@ROVA00]

Yep. That’s why everyone with a decent brain leaves. Latin American corruption makes me ashamed

[@abrqzx]

That’s why Asia is better

[@luisamaria3068]

Because of the socialist mind

[@ROVA00]

@@luisamaria3068 no, it’s the typical result of being colonized. It’s what happens when a culture doesn’t get a chance to develop on its own values and societal structure. It almost always ends with a person coming from oppression and poverty getting into power and giving into the sudden wealth and power and seeking to maintain it at all costs.

[@StochasticUniverse]

@@ROVA00 But the colonization of South America ended quite some time ago. People need to stop blaming their problems on things that happened hundreds of years ago. Blame-shifting and lack of personal accountability is a more likely culprit for the culture of corruption, in the first place. South Korea was colonized by Japan for 40 years at the start of the 20th century but it didn't stop them from rising to become a highly advanced country. China was colonized by a whole assortment of Western countries in an ordeal that they now know as their "Century of Humiliation". Many other countries were once colonies, as well, including the United States, Australia, Canada...actually, a whole bunch of the world's richest countries began as someone else's colony, haha. South Korea was a military dictatorship until 1987, which is within my lifetime. Until 1970, North Korea actually had a higher GDP than South Korea. For many years, it was hard to tell North and South Korea apart. So what changed? There's an old saying that "there's nothing more unstoppable than an idea whose time has come". In 1987, democracy was an idea whose time had arrived in South Korea. The people were ready for it. The military government gave way without a fight and suddenly there was a great flourishing of democracy. There were still problems and corruption, but it was a real, representative democracy, and over the course of the next couple of decades, the functioning of that democracy slowly alleviated the other problems. That's the path forward for all developing countries. The country, the culture, has to be ready for it. When it's time, it'll happen by itself, like the Arab Spring bringing democracy to Tunisia -- but it didn't quite bring democracy to Egypt. Why not? Egypt wasn't ready. The time wasn't right. But when it is, the change is both inevitable and unstoppable.

[@maformedrequest1889]

There is a book called "Why Nations Fail?" from Acemoglu and Robinson. The whole book tries to answer that exact question. Highly recommended if you're interested in this topic. There are couple of reasons why they will stay poor in our lifetimes. Read it and you'll see.

[@DreamersOfReality]

I already know the answer. Hint: what will happen to the economies of wealthy nations if they can't pillage the resources and people of impoverished nations for cheap?

[@blazer9547]

​@@DreamersOfRealitytell them to stay there. I bet you none of them will agree

[@cedricdaniellutalo]

Thank you Economics Explained for your fiscal wisdom, you make economics fun. Am Cedric Daniel MiLembe from Kampala Uganda, was kindly suggesting a combined video for all the nations of East Africa that is Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan & DRC. With efforts of a single currency this year and taxation consolidation on going, the East African Community is taking shape, what opportunities lie ahead if any in your opinion of this block's potential integration into one nation. Thank you very much for the great work. God bless

[@nothingjustnothing8490]

I'm a prime example of the brain drain. I studied nursing in Iran and after finishing it and realizing how difficult it is to use my degree to work in a first world country, i got my language degrees (c1 in English and b1 in Italian) and started studying Dentistry in Italy. I'm probably going stay here in Italy after I got my degree.

[@epicmatter3512]

Congrats on leaving Iran. Italy is a much better country (No offense to your home country, just the government)

[@mirkoIncertiFornaciari]

Welcome to Italy, hope you'll have a good life here ❤

[@nothingjustnothing8490]

@@mirkoIncertiFornaciari thanks

[@siso8683]

how long youve been in there?

[@nothingjustnothing8490]

@@siso8683 I've been here for less than 2 months

[@I_am_somebody_1234]

Please do a video on Costa Rica, it is a very small country yet it somehow thrives while the rest of Central America is in big trouble. I would love to see what you have to say on that. Big love from CR.

[@waflletoast11]

One word tourism

[@user-gq8ht4nw7i]

@@waflletoast11 other countries in Central America could have tourism as well, but Costa Rica is much safer to visit

[@magnasquids7864]

@@user-gq8ht4nw7i Costa Ricans aren't as violent and a little more organized. Tourists don't like to go to dangerous places.

[@KyaneOficial]

@@waflletoast11 Tourism only represents 8% of the economy, countries like France or Italy have more reliance on tourism, about 10% of their economy, countries like Bahamas do depend thoroughly on turism, where it represents almost 80% of the economy, so no, tourism isn't the reason France, Italy and Costa Rica are doing fine.

[@striker44]

Pura Vida.

[@501man9]

Speaking from what I know about the Philippines. It was not too long ago when public education stopped at the 10th grade. There was a big protest when education expanded to 12 years. So, students tried to get college educated with a 10th grade education. Another thing, the level of college education is limited to the quality of experience the college educators have. The responsibility of education is in the hands of the leadership of the country. So the saying, " keep them poor, keep them ignorant and keep them busy" and leaders of a country can control the population.

[@wainber1]

The 9:20 mark of the video features the start of discussion about how a university degree in a developed country means proof of good language skills. It depends on the language, and on the region within a country or territory that uses multiple languages in which such a degree holder chooses to reside. It is after all within Canada one thing if a student visa holder chooses to study at an English-language post-secondary institution but quite another if he or she instead chooses to study at a French-language one. Yes, two provinces (Quebec and New Brunswick) and all three territories (Yukon, NWT, and Nunavut) use French as an official language although in practice as of the 2016 census, Quebec was the only equivalent to an Australian state, most of whose residents had grown up speaking French as a mother tongue. New Brunswick came second on percentage of residents with French as a mother tongue at just over 30.0. Ontario came second on the number of speakers, although that’s still represented under 5% of the local population. Nunavut was the only equivalent to an Australian state to have featured under 1000 native speakers of French although Newfoundland had the lowest percentage of local residents with French as a mother tongue with just 0.6. Studying at a French-language post-secondary institution no doubt provides opportunities but speaking good English will Open up so many more doors. That’s even with the threat of Quebec separating from Canada quite low particularly when compared to the 1990s when the separatist Parti Québécois last had a majority government.

[@give_me_my_nick_back]

It's funny how tsmc started by making illegal, bootleg copies of old CPU to becoming the manufacturers that the original CPU makers fight to get in line for

[@Code7Unltd]

Every good creative, is, and has been, a thief.

[@hasaki_oce4611]

More funny when US ordered tsmc and samsung to make chips in there, Korea leaders said fk off, Taiwan leaders said yes yes all yours master. 🤣🤣🤣

[@vdiitd]

In India, brain drain is a huge issue. Most of my friends and relatives have settled in countries like US and UK. Even in my residential area, 4 out of 5 neighbors have at least one family member living in a developed country. Most people here don't realize it, but it causes a huge strain on the country's economy.

[@gabbar51ngh]

Maybe indian government should have better policies to retain them. It's on indians themselves for doing this.

[@train_xc]

@@gabbar51ngh I agree

[@J7pat7]

But India has been improving economically . But maybe without brain drain they would have advanced faster and be at a higher level than they are now.

[@saitama9387]

​@@J7pat7 that's because they send remittances to the country... Most of their family still lives in india

[@aryanchauhan510]

India has so much brain that it can not utilize it. So I think moving to a advance economy is better as there will be more remittances. But I will be a problem in future as India population starts to decline it will need more brains.

[@missinterpreted4923]

I've just discovered this channel today - wow, it's great - I can see I'm going to learn and understand a lot more about economics now - greetings from Queensland, Australia.

[@YangwanAuto]

😂no is not, it can be for uninformed low educated redneck Karen tho

[@kummar27]

Perfectly enjoyed this video. I’m also a product of brain drain as I immigrated from Cameroon 🇨🇲 to UK 14 years ago. I was the best accounting student at Cameroon’s GCSEs (O Level) at the time and left for the UK for greener pastures. Now I’m a top 0.5% earner in the UK and albeit not complaining, I know I should be back home growing my country. However, like any 3rd world country, we’re fraught with challenges like corruption, security concerns and a culture of ‘who do you know’. I believe things would change in next 20 years as tech is booming and people would be able to work more remotely and enjoy cheaper life standards in developing countries

[@___alessandro.337]

I am from a developing country and yet the standard of living is expensive😢😢😢. Even for foreingers !!!

[@indraneel5123]

You could have been one of the best in Cameroon. But you choose middle class in the UK. I am not saying, what to do. But you can think about it. Think about change

[@YangwanAuto]

​@indraneel5123 it's his life, you have no say looser and he is not medium but best

[@fahadhussain66]

​@@indraneel5123top 0.5% of earners is not middle class...

[@cruzorblade]

I am also a Cameroonian, currently a Polytechnic student and I Wonder if it would be a good idea to move out after getting my degree? 🤔🤔

[@hakim6158]

It's also happening in North Africa. More than half of my graduating class is in France now.

[@ElJosher]

Sad.

[@nathanjokeley4102]

and live on welfare.

[@jigsaw2253]

@@nathanjokeley4102not really kid but whatever makes you sleep

[@Ub3rSk1llz]

@@jigsaw2253 he wasn't quite accurate. the welfare they live on is jailhouse supper and decapitated school teacher heads. alhamdulillah.

[@mrmap4875]

​@@jigsaw2253 he's not wrong tho a large chunk of these immigrants are illegal nd do nothing in day except drugs with Albanians nd hitting on women sometimes they even r@** them

[@luispereztasso]

There is kinda of a meme that sums up this situation in Latin American countries (mainly from Mexico): is like when someone is skilled enough and wants to try to use their skill to help their developing country, is rather disappeared or even killed by the corrupt powers that rule the country (say the government or economic forces behind them) to stop those people to to do so, and then it becomes the meme-y quote "Saquenme de Latinoamérica" (take me out of Latin America). It is sad that it's almost a fantasy to see this complex issue resolved soon.

[@thunderb00m]

Why are the ruling class in most developing nations such a grade assholes ?

[@luispereztasso]

@@thunderb00m I could suggest as the main reason colonialism, and its consequences on their colonies during and after the colonizers left.

[@alexmancera6566]

Hey man I have a lot of family in Colombia which from what I can see faces a lot of the same issues. Could you shed some light on why skilled workers would get put in the crosshairs of this kind of violence and corruption? How does trying to contribute make you a target?

[@luispereztasso]

@@alexmancera6566 because the system is so embedded in and with corruption (and just to be clear this doesn't apply exclusively to the government, but in the culture and in private companies as a consequence) that any attempt that could put at risk this status quo made by any skilled man, that at the same time refuses to give in to any form of corruption, is stopped in a wide range of ways: if you want to make any real change in a higher step in society (i.e. politically) all the powers behind the already corrupt politics (state and price powers) will use the media to defame you, create fake news to put you down and make you clear that you can't defy them. That's the most "safe" edge of the spectrum. On the other hand we have corrupt government allied with paramilitaries and/or drug cartels to literally take you off the map.

[@SelfProclaimedEmperor]

@@luispereztasso no, the modern problem is corruption and bad environment for business, not colonialism from 200 years ago

[@phil19121912]

Super interesting! I often think about this here (Australia) as we benefit immensely from this and it often feels a bit unfair to the developing economies. As for story ideas, not sure if it's too early for this yet but Australia's mind-blowing potential to transform into a green energy and critical minerals superpower is fascinating and exciting!

[@zetwiggy]

Australia is a thieve country, they prey on oversea skilled workers, and Australia is immature and incompatent to develop their own country skilled workers.....they cannot and lack the wisdom to develop their own people...

[@MagicMike_101]

At least people have a lot of financial advantages (usually from family) if they think they want to move to a better place. For me, the major player in a country is the culture. It pulls back institutions and everything else till it affects the economy.

[@petrsmital7340]

I think the decision to move to a different country isn't motivated purely by how rich the country already is, but more by the general feeling of "how much you can help". Things like corruption, crime, injustice, violence, or even just excessive bureaucracy, can make one question what's the point of being in a place like that. I would put those things higher on the list of reasons for the brain drain.

[@ges4206]

I don't think anyone moving to the US is thinking "How can I help them". They're moving because they want to help themselves first and foremost!

[@palashdubey8827]

​@@ges4206 you did not understood it kiddo

[@palashdubey8827]

​@@ges4206 it's not that, if some patriot person tries to better their place and fail they do not think lets make america better, they think if they are not able to improve their country due to corruption then they might as well move to advanced economy to get 10x more salary and good environment

[@bendover-bz4bc]

Lol this is biggest joke. They couldn't help their own country in which they were born but they want to help first world countries 🤣🤣🤣🤣 it's always about money bro(and in some cases it's about love and peace of living)

[@Gaib_al_lisan]

Such an underrated comment. Even if one can make a decent living in a corrupt country, one thinks "how is my productive time being utilized here?"

[@ChristoKiwi]

New Zealand is having trouble with this as well. It's a great place to live, but the cost of living is driving young graduates and skilled workers abroad.

[@garrettpohl1310]

I'd be curious to hear about the impacts of patents on the market and the economy.

[@MrJulian1222]

You guys should do a EE suggestions series; where you look at major economic issues for each country and give 2-3 realistic solutions that countries should implement to stop these issues, irrespective of political wills. Purely from a cold hearted economic perspective. An example might be: South Korea has a huge repopulation issue, they should A) incentivize having children and heavily cut the cost of people who have them B) use government programs to encourage mass immigration to the country to replace its aging population, even at the cost of losing its cultural identity.

[@cybernetic_crocodile8462]

I'm a student from Poland. Brain drain was, and to some degree, still is quite a problem here. Even from my family alone several people emigrated to Western Europe, and they started families there. Many of my collegues from university already plan to most likely leave the country and emigrate after they get degrees. Honsetly, it is hard to be suprised by it, considering idiotic laws and taxes passed on by absolute morons from every government and parlament, expensive housing and possible difficulties in finding the right job. My mother and family members from abroad even often suggest, that I should think about it as well, but I don't want to just leave my country. In foreign country, I would always feel like an outcast and a parias, like a coward, that allowed idiots to keep ruin his home and chase him out of it . I want to help to change the country for better, someone needs to.

[@kosa9662]

At the same time in Poland there is 2-3 millions of Ukrainians, Belarussians, Moldavians, Russians

[@yarem4uk.r]

@@kosa9662 Because Poland is much richer, and all the disadvantages of Poland can be easily multiplied by 10 in those countries.

[@grzegorz6698]

PL is hard country to live, after few years i can tell is a chance you can live good live with perspective but require from you perseverance, to be stubborn and find work that give you money, but not work you would prefer to do . Sadly PL is going down in shitty policy, stupid law etc. I try my best to not fly away ;/. 30yo btw

[@abm672]

Poland is a great country to live. I've lived in many western countries and the cost of living Vs income isn't bad at all. There are job opportunities and the country is safe and clean. I think the issue is that "grass seems to be greener" elsewhere but that's not always the case

[@sephikong8323]

That's real chad behavior. The world needs more people like you, and personally I believe in you to help improve your country, no matter what you might think sometimes, never doubt yourself

[@MuhammadAthallahArsyaf]

There are naturally some exceptions to this. For instance, Indonesia is also an industrialising economy and has a sizeable enough population but have not dealt with the issue of brain drain as much as other countries.

[@TheJoaovicente]

It's a vicious circle really. I'm an electronics engineer and graduated in Brazil last year. There are no jobs in the field that I'm interested, which is IC and microelectronics design, so if I ever want to work with what I want, I have to leave...

[@StochasticUniverse]

Sounds like there needs to be some more MBAs to create jobs to put all those engineers to work. Maybe a cautionary tale about what happens when everyone goes all-in on STEM and you wind up graduating more qualified workers than the local industry can gainfully employ? China and Japan have been having the same problem recently, graduating too many people in STEM fields for the level of local labor demand, but their economies are larger in size so the problem has yet to fully manifest and be recognized.

[@erlkonigschubert]

Okay i understand the flowchart now Thanks for the material and the comment section also taught me how important remuneration is

[@luisfana]

Excelente tema , el acceso al Internet nos da a los jóvenes mayores perspectivas de vida en otros países , los que nos motiva a emigrar para vivir de esos beneficios , pero es culpa esencial de los gobiernos que no propician un ambiente prospero y adecuado para la vida , este fenómeno siempre estará y se incrementara especialmente con la participación del cambio climático en las siguientes décadas.

[@minilroy8774]

Competition in India is tremendous. If you put the 3/4th effort you put in India in an advanced economy you can simply earn a minimum 8X more money which you can make in India. So, I moved to Germany. May be lot of migration makes ideal condition for remaining population there.

[@ali99_82]

How is Germany? Are you a student?

[@minilroy8774]

@@ali99_82 Its good . I am a masters student here.

[@Allah_is_gay]

@@minilroy8774 Sooo you will settle in Germany itself?

[@minilroy8774]

@@Allah_is_gay not sure

[@Allah_is_gay]

@@minilroy8774 Cool, goodluck with your future :)

[@RK-dw1tb]

Very informative video. (Made me subscribe) But why didn't you talk about remittance? Isn't an important topic to take into consideration?

[@Satz50]

The problem with braindrain with developed economies is that, it becomes easier and quicker to import talent, which increases population which has impact on houses prices, infrastructure etc and reduces motive to develop and train domestic talent.

[@reecestoltz6435]

Great video! Brain drain is a big problem here in South Africa, our public university fees are subsidized heavily with tuition being priced at an average of $3000 per year,. Many graduates are moving to Dubai, Australia and the United Kingdom in search of jobs because there is widespread pessimism about the future of our country among the population as a whole. Rolling blackouts, corruption at all levels of government, basic services are a privilege and government debt keeps on growing as tax revenue is at a low since people are unemployed or earn very little. Doesn't help that we were just grey listed by the FATF but they were just confirming the obvious. It would be interesting if you made another video about South Africa because what we do now could dictate our survival as a nation. Good day everyone :)

[@alexanderb996]

Just about everyone in ZA who can get a job outside the country, does. And I can't say they're wrong to do so

[@Noobmaster-sh5jn]

I come from Iran, in my country brain drain has become a very huge problem in recent years, now I am studying Chemistry in Germany, out of 50 chemistry Students in our University are 7 foreigner students which 5 of them are Iranian and that is only my subject of study which is not the most popular subject, I can imagine a very higher percentage in engineering subjects which are more popular between foreign students.

[@spencersmith5974]

I wonder if the economics of power production will play a role in an economy. I'm not economist or anything of the sort but the topic of affordable sustainable energy production systems is always a topic that is seen as a negative when, on a larger scale, could be a valuable export. I haven't put too much thought into it or research, just wanted to throw that out there :) .

[@bryantayui3468]

Very intresting. I am also convinced that energy availability plays a huge role in keeping rich countries rich and poor countries poor. And I have also remarked that medias, including this video, often overlook that factor when comparing countries wealth. Rich countries are first of all the bigest energy producers/and/or importers. Take for exemple I live in France and here thanks to 20 nuclear power plants, France has the cheapest electricity in Europe and is even exporting some to its neighbors. France also imports a lot of petrol (33.9 méga tons in 2020) to fuel cars, public busses and the thousands of trucks which transport foods and goods to our supermarket. In the mean time, my home country Cameroon comsumes less than 3 méga tons of petrol each year and has yet to feed the increasing demand of electricity. Electricity which is also necessary to suply large scale industries.

[@darryldeed]

Very real problem here in Malaysia, a significant portion of my cohort and even immediate family who attended better universities or who had more in demand skill sets end up in Singapore, Australia, the UK, New Zealand etc Adding on even a large % of those who the government sends abroad on scholarships do not return nor pay back the scholarships, we’re literally funding the talent pool of richer countries

[@TiagoSantos-iv4fj]

I AM from Portugal and I can say that the same happens here, a lot of educated people leave and the country has to accept foreigners just to keep the population young

[@martadias906]

Yes. Doctors make 1200 euros a month on the public and on top of that you are not respected by the media and people at work, after all the sacrifice. Then everyone complains that there are a lack of doctors 😂

[@Lucas-dc4zw]

Estou em Portugal e sou brasileiro , faço Uber eats 😎

[@KanuniSuleyman4857]

It's ironic to think that Portugal was once a world power dominating the seas and the oceans but now they're just a small country living under Anglo-Saxon dictatorship

[@LAM_AUT_ECU]

Well researched! I’d like to share a personal story, we live in Ecuador. I’ll have spent about US$ 200,000 in tuition fees during my kid’s basic schooling (K-12), per child by the time they graduate, the eldest already has. I’d have to spend an additional 50K in college tuition. Instead, my children will likely study in Europe, the eldest is already doing so. That’s an example of brain drain. Why do this? Several reasons: 1. Corruption and criminality are rampant where we live, politicians have only made things worse for the past 50 years and there’s no end in sight. And we are at the crosshairs of criminality. 2. We are of fairly recent European stock, 3-4th generation immigrants. For the past 30 or so years, public opinion has turned against us, in a kind of “native” revival. We have been victims of verbal racist attacks for being whiter than average. I don’t want to wait for the attacks to stop being verbal and become physical. 3. We are well off, “rich” they call us, this classification is debatable. It is a sin to be rich here, in popular perception, the poor are virtuous by default and the rich are mean. Again, this leads to verbal and sometimes even physical attacks. We too have been victims of verbal attacks. 4. I only see things getting worse as absolutely nothing is being done to correct these injustices, quite the opposite, they are being exacerbated. So spending US$ 600,000 in tuition so my children can enter a decent University in Europe is sound planning. Our dilemma is that though we are of Spanish-Italian stock, appearance, and culture, and I even grew up in Europe, we are not European and hence can’t simply move there. White Zimbabweans will be able to relate to me. Peru, Bolivia, and others are also overrun by “native” political parties that advocate for the right of natives and not of all citizens. They and we are also overrun by “Socialist” parties that advocate for the rights of the poor and demand anything from higher taxes for the rich to asset confiscations of those deemed not poor. Owning a house can already earn you the label "rich". This kind of populist socialism is widespread in Latin America. Ecuador is a wonderful country to visit, a decent country to retire to but a terrible country to have a business in and to raise your kids in.

[@Spacemonkeymojo]

Go home Whitie.

[@StochasticUniverse]

I'm sorry to hear about your plight. I hope that you and your family wil find a place that is welcoming and safe. All humans deserve to be welcomed and safe, regardless of background.

[@YangwanAuto]

😂un mestizo acomplejado, eso no es huida de cerebros sino más bien huida psicológica pero para el psiquiatra 😂😂😂

[@jamesm7460]

Question @EconomicsExplained you discuss solutions to brain drain but what happens to advanced economies if brain drain was to stop? It seems that they have a reliance on it to fuel their own economies.

[@i_marcus_quintus]

Happens in the US too, as many people in the finance and business industries will move to the bigger coastal cities where they can earn higher salaries. This leaves the middle with a hollowed out workforce.

[@shauncameron8390]

False equivalence as those people are still in the US. Just in a different region.

[@ravimishra18796]

India is already addressing this problem by allowing foreign universities to open their campuses in India. Two Australian universities are already in talks government. It was in the news just two days ago if I am not wrong. Indian students spend more than $80 billion each year on foreign education. That amount if invested in India would have already helped make India a much better place to live over all these years.

[@jeremyroland5602]

Wendover Productions also made a great video detailing why the southern hemisphere is generally poorer than the northern hemisphere. It's called "Why the Southern Hemisphere is Poorer," and I think it's a great companion to this video.

[@jonathantan2469]

But aren't most countries & populations in the Northern Hemisphere, as that is where the majority of the world's landmasses are? The southern hemisphere only has about 10-15% of the world's population, and many of those landmasses are sparsely populated (Australian bushland, African velds & deserts, South American pampas, Indonesian desert islands & jungles, etc.).

[@nilocblue]

Maybe make a video with an economic perspective on the problem of declining populations which are starting to affect developed countries. We’re going to experience an incredible population implosion on the horizon.

[@thomas316]

Something I notice however is that few countries that rely on immigration are developing infrastructure and housing rapidly enough to sustain high immigration rates. What we are seeing currently may not be sustainable for Australia, Canada, NZ etc.

[@dougules]

This is an artificial problem related to how these countries plan housing. It needs to be fixed by significant changes in policy for both citizens and immigrants.

[@hosh6132]

Kinda happens at a state level too - Everyones leaving california for higher paying jobs in smaller but booming tech cities

[@maineiacman]

California did it to themselves. High cost of living, high taxes, and rediculous governmental over regulation. Sad fact is the people leaving California are too oblivious to realize they were the problem, and vote in the same garbage that forced them to move in the first place in the place they move to. NYC is the same on the East Coast as the entirety of California is to the West, a Cancer.

[@jasonhaven7170]

Not really, but okay.

[@calvin659]

No, lol.

[@gingerkitty1425]

Even losing unskilled labour can also be a problem. Because not enough Australians and New Zealanders do low paying farm jobs. A lot of that middle section is being drained out of the pacific. A teacher in the pacific earns less than an australian farm worker.

[@KnowRealIndia9124]

Perfect video, each developing country government should show this video on national television. Love from India 🇮🇳

[@singorocydia4286]

Great video as always!! 4:31 - That footage made me laugh. I was literally walking there last night after a flight to Ben Gurion.

[@winniethepooh526]

0:06 Why is Central Asia now part of China? xd

[@pinxvol3898]

The image is China excluding the disputed territory controlled by China at the west end. So it's actually a smaller China compared to a regular map that you will find in stores.

[@winniethepooh526]

@@pinxvol3898 I have never seen a store map of China annexing Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as it’s shown in the video…

[@bunnyfreakz]

@@winniethepooh526 This channel never been good with geography.

[@abbyabroad]

Interesting. I was a highly educated teacher who left the US to work in China & made the highest salary of my life here while also feeling far safer here with a higher quality of life… however I left the profession entirely after 15 years and understand that one anecdote does not an economic trend make.

[@user-dr6pm4oq5t]

very rich in value information...appreciate that.

[@Duck-wc9de]

In Portugal this is a big problem. 20% of the Portuguese population lives outside of Portugal, wich is comparable to countries like post soviet nations or Bosnia. When I was in school, "emigrating" was a reasonable answer to the question "what do you want to do when you grow up?". Let me give you some numbers, its estimated that educating a portuguese doctor (not even counting basic education), costs around 100 000 for the portuguese government. And yet, most of those students pack their bags in the end of their masters and leave for Germany and the UK, this was a problem so great that the die-hard socialist ex-minister of health sugested mandatory conscription of Portuguese medical students as doctors in the public system for a few years. Those people cost Portugal a lot of money, but they will contribute to the German economy with their services and their consumption.

[@weird-guy]

or they go work for private hospitals, you dont even need to be high skiled worker, why someone work for 760€ when you can go to the uk and earn 2000€

[@Jonfeller]

@@weird-guy consider cost of living too in UK

[@LancesArmorStriking]

Has the government considered a conditional graduate program, where if you want to complete a certain diploma you must then work in your country for a set number of years? The hope is that by the time that period is over, you have already placed roots in Portugal and moving would be inconvenient. So it could also be said by government policy makers that nobody has a gun to their head, it is all willingly done

[@LancesArmorStriking]

Sorry, did not read the end of your comment, it looks like my idea is not new

[@weird-guy]

@@Jonfeller now idk exactly the situation,apart for rise energy, but most emigrate dont go to live a normal life in the host country they live in rooms,supermarkts are cheaper than portugal,buses are comparable ect, when the majority go abroad is with intent of making money,so they live a cheaper life-

[@peoplesrepublicofliberland5606]

It's really sad, I'm Puerto Rican and it's just sad seeing friends and family leave, the population has dropped by 11% in the last 10 years and we have the 2nd lowest birth rate of any country and a median age of 45. Why work in a corrupt low paying territory when you can go to the rest of the USA. Add to that Gentrification and PR is the sadest place in all of the USA

[@eros21112]

hello im s/o from the DR who moved to NYC

[@ElJosher]

Indeed the gov doesn’t do enough to promote the development of local industries, relying solely on foreign investment, but that investment doesn’t come quick enough and it also makes us dependent. But as we know, such is the fate of a colony.

[@ericktellez7632]

That’s literally the fault of the US since PR can’t do much to govern itself, it is a US colony and the American government has shown very little interest on making PR a state or giving it enough autonomy to govern itself without relying on them

[@shauncameron8390]

Due to almost half of the population being elderly while a lot of working-age people moved to the mainland.

[@I_am_somebody_1234]

@@shauncameron8390 Puerto Rico is basically a limbo zone. It is part of the USA, but its treated as a dependant territory, so it has a goverment but no power to do anything at all

[@pramodbasu7732]

A very in-depth explanation of advantages for Developed/Advance Economies from Brain drain. Develop countries can't do much as they r dependent on developed to pass the technology, innovation, and knowledge to them. Developing countries should learn from isreal n south korea.

[@asplodrox-7249]

Would it be possible to share the source of the point mentioned around 9:50 where its said that Australia receives more money from international students than oil exports? I'm curious of the numbers. Thanks!

[@sachin2842]

Indians have so much talented people we will still have surplus after many going to abroad .

[@cosdache]

Of course ...you are a big population

[@hectorar7890]

I used to think that living in Canada after getting my degree is a good idea. But i was convinced to come back to my country because my parents told me that I have the ability to start a business and provide jobs with good benefits to the local employee. And thankfully my business is doing well and at least I could contribute my part to my country by moving back here with a Canadian degree and start a business to help the local people. Do I regret it? No, because I know that I would be working for someone else if I decided to stay, so why work for someone if you can be your own boss? What I'm trying to say is that you have more opportunities on starting a business to improve your country if you come back.

[@StochasticUniverse]

I salute your patriotism. You can serve yourself anywhere in the world, but you must be home to serve your homeland. (Unless you fully immigrate, commit all the way, and become a citizen of a new country to the point that _it_ becomes your homeland. That's a viable path, too, for those that choose to walk it.)

[@wolfe1313]

I think this is a great explainer, but I do have one critique about the framing of the issue of International Students paying more to get into universities. Wouldn't it be more fair to say that Universities *charge* them more for the same services they give to local students? Isn't the universities' desire to make more money the driving force behind the shady dealings with regard to accepting more international students? Just something to consider. Have a good one!

[@ChillaxxBro]

Nicely explained, thank you.