The Virus That Kills Drug-Resistant Superbugs

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria kill 23,000 people every year in the United States, and the United Nations estimates that by 2050, more people will die from antibiotic-resistant infections than currently die from cancer.
Discovered 100 years ago, bacteriophages-viruses that eat bacteria-might provide an answer. But phage therapy has only been approved for use on humans in the former Soviet Union. Motherboard travels to Georgia to meet the doctors using phage therapy today, and meets with the American scientists trying to normalize phage therapy in the United States.
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[@Handicast390]

*The enemy of my enemy is my friend.*

[@that_pizza_drive6687]

viruses become drug resistant: Prepare to die. Humans: no u Phages has entered the chat.

[@soulsemblance3163]

@@that_pizza_drive6687 they only kill bakteria

[@that_pizza_drive6687]

Soul Semblance, Oof, I forgot about that

[@Unknown-py1tu]

Wow I get the refrence. Mw2 for life.

[@saeber6630]

knife the watermelon

[@shaun1165]

I just want the youtuber to know that becuase of this video, I did some extensive research and wrote my 10-paper senior research paper on bacteriophage therapy. My AP bio and English teacher was really surprised by the quality of the paper and the amount of interest I showed. As a result I'm seriously considering to have biochem as my college major. Great video and definitely great inspiration. Keep up with the good work and we will really appreciate it!

[@shaun1165]

Also the content of the video is pretty much accurate. No companies want to develop bp drugs becuase it is impossible to patent a natural phage. But with technologies like CRISPR, modified phage genes can be patented and that might be the future of bp therapy application

[@ragemoarnoob]

@@shaun1165 If the private sphere doesn't find an incentive to do something, then it's usually up to the public sphere to either fund it directly, or figure out how to incentivize it. The government should fund this research and development, just as the Soviet Union kept it alive through the years. Not everything has to be answered through the infamous patent system of America. The developed world knows very well how effective American healthcare systems are.

[@coolote6245]

shaun guo That’s awesome!

[@lullebulle2]

im just here smoking one hello

[@david.the.disaster]

That's awesome! I wrote my two papers my senior year. One on bacteriophages and my senior thesis on stem cells. Now I'm a freshman college as a. biochemistry major so I really support you going for it if you find it interesting! To be able to learn the actual details behind all this research is super awesome and I hope it gets funded

[@louisirvinelim]

I love that lady. She wants other countries to copy her work for the greater good, literal opposite of most companies who will sue anyone copying them

[@chimproshi1864]

Its all about the money.

[@ctrl4613]

eA

[@thomashale2096]

Same for the ppl who created the polio vaccine

[@asmodeusasteroth7137]

She going to get taken down with attitude like that What was she thinking.... Big pharma want her location

[@Лиля-е3к]

Even if West will attribute themselves the succes of phages as THEIR discovery 😊

[@glitchjedi9584]

Bacteria: lol now I’m immune to your antibiotics Phages: hold my DNA

[@Jesus_Christ_loves_you_alot]

*rna

[@flabunny1]

Protein

[@saramcgaha1406]

I’m taking about the protein that makes up its head whoosh. 😳

[@klyzer5725]

@@saramcgaha1406 u mean protein shell and fats

[@hammadibrahim39]

@@saramcgaha1406 but protein isn't the part that kills the bacteria. It's the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that does

[@BothHands1]

It really sucks that the US healthcare system is more concerned with profits and intellectual property than patient wellbeing. I don't think isolating lycin is the way to go. Isolated compounds will become obsolete when the bacteria become resistant to them, as he said at the end. But actual bacteriophages evolve with the bacteria to continue being effective. Fuck intellectual property, we need to use whole bacteriophages. I studied this in university, but had forgotten about it for a time. I suppose keeping people sick is how they make their money, so finding real treatments just isn't incentivized.

[@BlingSco]

True, plus most treatment today like he said take about 8 to 10 years to come out. So we're talking 2025 to 2027 for the lycin stuff and bacteriaophages to become more widespread in the west. I was surprised the Former Soviet Union had been using this stuff for well over 90 years (since it reads as something new and novel in most science lit). The power of socialism, hey. I guess development of the stuff has proably slowed down alot since the USSR being dissolved.f

[@JustinVK]

"[The] Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has yet to approve human bacteriophage therapies in the United States, there has been exciting progress in phage use by non-healthcare industries" (BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPIES: WHERE ARE THEY NOW?, Ada Hagan). Profits are not the issue, it creates incentive. Government bureaucracy is...

[@TheGeckoNinja]

we really should do something about patent laws for medical cures, things medical related like that should not be able to be patented cause a pharmaceutical company could easily patent a cure and just never allow it to become real, so humanity loses out on cures cause some greedy assholes need to make money off peoples lives

[@Drhumbolt]

Danielle Spargo yeah, I feel the same way. I don't understand there priorities, I know the money but. Those investors have family and kids too wouldn't they want what's best for there family aswell ? Wait till one of there kids get anbiotic resistant illness. I bet they sing a different tune then.

[@tomcarey5938]

Danielle Spargo without money making, these studies wouldn’t be going anywhere. Quit blaming a system that has done more good for humanity than any other. Competition drives innovation, it’s the reason the US leads in healthcare innovation. Now they are far from perfect, but thats due to government regulators and strict rules, not the capitalistic system

[@chemicalboy2106]

The worlds deadliest organisms teams up with the second deadliest one to kill the 3re deadliest😂

[@Tacuara7]

Wouldn't it be the 1st and the 3rd against the 2nd?

[@wowbruh2511]

Ignacio Gonzalez it’s cause us humans have developed antibiotics so we all don’t consider bacteria that harmful anymore really. Its slowly changing because so,e bacteria are beginning tog eat immune though. So I’d say us humans are more deadly than bacteria

[@carlagrado7201]

It's war!!

[@lillshowerbomb839]

i thought the same...scary

[@ZKFossil]

KdJ2's Twin Bactria isn’t the only thing we can kill we could wipe life off the planet if we wanted to

[@chumloaf]

did someone say my name?

[@badubap_]

HEY! Yes we said your name and we need youuuuuu

[@axxedts]

Yes brother help us Oh yeah yeah

[@deadaccount3859]

E

[@someone-er1on]

WE NEED HALP

[@hamad-pz3rp]

my brother. enjoy my hotel its located inside me with enough bacteria for you to feast on!

[@casualsleepingdragon8501]

Bacteria: (gets human sick) Phage: (get bacteria sick) Humans: well, well, look how the turntables.

[@acumennova3929]

@Nathan Larochelle It's a recent meme playing on the reversal nature of "Tables Turned" and in of itself reversing the saying about reversing.

[@laiyemoboys9255]

I guess the bacteriophages are at the top of the sick chain (instead of food chain).

[@Nonamelol.]

Wouldn’t the joke make more sense if it was “Bacteria: (get phage sick)

[@anonym7347]

@Nathan Larochelle It’s a quote from The Office(U.S.)

[@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache]

This virus used to be a flu virus that tried to attack Shaggy but gained part of his power.

[@dwiarcher502]

to be exact, 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of his power

[@tavvle4570]

it was actually 0.000000000000000000001% of his power

[@aze480]

@@tavvle4570 Divided by 9,999,999,999,999^99*2

[@kaamuu557]

They took his genes Now they wait for his *V I R G I N I T Y*

[@kunalchatterjee9221]

HAHAHA thanks for pointing that out

[@LegendaryGooseling]

They must have upgraded to Drug Resistance 2

[@wyattb3138]

And reshuffled the DNA too.

[@promise8614]

Clever reference to Plague Inc!

[@romem6656]

Thank you for that reference

[@lillyie]

Genetic Hardening too expensive

[@kristinonline4647]

@@lillyie Not really.

[@esbastow]

Bacteria: **becomes antibiotic resistant** Phages: **kills bacteria** Bacteria: **becomes phage resistant** Antibiotics: Right back at ya buckeroo. Edit 1: To be resistant to phages, you'd have to give up antibiotic resistance also.

[@nathanjohnpalaogaming4872]

Top 10 anime plot twist

[@guifdcanalli]

Thats actually true Bacteria will eventually lose all the imformation about antibiotic resistance after some decades They mutate too fast so if something isnt helpful anymore they lose the trait So swap between phage and antibiotic treatment can work for a long time

[@lupin2156]

phages are unbeatable if you didnt know

[@esbastow]

@@lupin2156 Well, it's a bit more complicated than that. Bacteria would evolve, but then, phages evolve too. So really it's a war that has been going on for years. (kind of said by kurzgesagt I think)

[@lupin2156]

@@esbastow It expands you know a literal phage can kill a superbug

[@JAdHum]

This is the first video I've seen on drug-resistant bacteria that actually leaves me with a glimmer of hope.

[@Element21VA]

Believe it, theres great hope in Jesus Christ, put your faith and trust in him, he will lead the because he is the way the truth and life as it is written

[@tbd5921]

@@Element21VA i don't believe that too much, not even a single soul in the universe can do what he did however ok

[@TrapCat]

Elevate, please don’t bring religious stuff here, it could start arguments.

[@PedroHenrique-do9nt]

@@TrapCat Well, if he is not denying science i see no problem in him manifesting his faith. The problem are these people "starting arguments"

[@frog8878]

@@PedroHenrique-do9nt exactly

[@PlagueRiddenBlightSpawn]

2:39 Something I found a bit silly on this piece is the representation of phages moving independently as if they are some kind of intelligent spider like creature. They basically just float until they latch on to something by chance.

[@battlebro14]

LordVeni exactly, it’s basically organic compounds reacting with other organic compounds if you think about it

[@L98fiero]

@@battlebro14 I'm not a biologist and I didn't stay at a Holiday Inn last night so I went to Google and it seems from the description of some bacteriophages that the truth is somewhere in the middle, as it usually is. "The capsid of a bacteriophage can be icosahedral, filamentous, or head-tail in shape. The head-tail structure seems to be unique to phages and their close relatives (and is not found in eukaryotic viruses). It seems they don't walk around like spiders but they are more than just organic compounds reacting with other organic compounds.

[@battlebro14]

L98FIERO what I meant by that is that humans, bacteria, and bacteriophage are all just made up of compounds. I do know what you mean tho. The tails bind to the bacteria at certain receptor sites. Their like a car for RNA. Also I might not make any sense I’ve been up for over 33 hours because of exams so I understand what you’re saying, I’m just not writing well 😂

[@L98fiero]

@@battlebro14 You're way ahead of me, my area of expertise is researching to find out who, if anyone was correct and learning something in the process. Good luck on the exams and get off the internet! :-) (I'm a Dad!)

[@zuzannaleszczynska7425]

It doesn't take intelligence to recognise your "meal". Every single cell has receptors, bacteriophages and bacteria arent exceptions. Phages will search for a receptor on the bacteria that is complementary to theirs, which allows them to bind and subsequently enter the cell membrane. They will not therefore attach to any other cells in the body because they cant.. it would be like trying to fit jigsaw puzzle pieces that don't match.

[@TheModernInvestor]

This is INCREDIBLE, and Im honestly not sure how this video doesnt have millions of views already. This will literally save the lives of potentially billions of people one day.

[@sentienttoaster1739]

Anyone else remember a video on this topic from Kurzgesagt

[@norairisvaldez89]

Me

[@infinitymc2047]

The same, i already know it is bacteriophage by the thumbnail of this vid

[@shahrukhakhtar7977]

That's y am here

[@Rhabanaarum]

No

[@sloveniandude9458]

Yes

[@ssstjepannn]

Just download antivirus.

[@rangercarl2321]

I got some free protogent. although thats anti-anti virus

[@mastervule1844]

But bacteria is not virus. What then? :P

[@rangercarl2321]

Why you wanna ged ridda phoigis

[@dizknots9357]

@@liamhayes23 that's not something you should woosh about.

[@nichgofps]

Liam Hayes ur the one that got wooshed lmao he was joking

[@subzero4790]

Keep going, keep solving. Great work.

[@subzero4790]

DJ Lovelyyy Lissa Looking for cures to diseases seems to be a never ending process. Bacteria and viruses seem to adapt and become more resistant so we must keep trying to fight the resistance in different ways.

[@subzero4790]

DJ Lovelyyy Lissa what do you suggest the western world do given what you just said?

[@personperson8563]

To all the cimments complaining about gut bacteria A. This method has been used for 90 years in Russia they've figured the specifics out by now B. Having low numbers is something lots of people live with already and don't even know C. Gut bacteria can be transferred so losing it isn't a major deal D. Losing gut bacteria is better than losing your life

[@lilaclizard4504]

I haven't found any comments on gut bacteria yet, but since the phage target specific bacterias, this would have to be far better for gut bacteria than antibiotics I'm sure!

[@photonic083]

Basically, and very short: Antibiotics=carpet bombing Phages=self guiding missiles Watch kurzgesagt's video about phages Just search this: Kurzgesagt phage Yea. That's a hard word to write. Kurz Ge Sagt

[@photonic083]

Mark Lea Even if bacteria wants to become immune to just a few phages, it has to drop antibiotics resistance

[@lepotato135]

person person Exactly!!!

[@zegamingcuber857]

person person E. These bacteriophages only attack 1 species of bacteria for each “type” (I’m not going to say species because viruses are usually not considered living things)

[@kayozzy]

Bacteria: *It’s over, humans! I have the high ground!* Humans: *You underestimate my smartness...* Bacteria: *Don’t try it...* Humans: **dump bacteria with bacteriophages** Bacteria: *EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE*

[@aosu4976]

youll get your rent when you fix this damn door! Lol

[@monkeydigs6696]

This made me smile

[@kentreed00]

This made me cringe.

[@wulfaxe7661]

Bacteria only has one exit, either they are resistant to phages, or to antibiotics

[@rangercarl2321]

Good ol double edged swords.

[@Alex-gi5uu]

Good old catch 22

[@some_random_hachiroku6126]

Phages also evolve like bacteria

[@dizknots9357]

You can use both btw, if they are resistant to phages, you can use antibiotics.

[@scrampledegg-nj1bj]

heat also kills bacteria

[@Amiaaaaaaaaa]

I feel bad for Marc, having to go through Netherton Syndrome every second of his life, thank god bacteriophage therapy still exists.

[@kyrlics6515]

@Jamerson Diniz i Hope you do to :( you're cute.

[@Amiaaaaaaaaa]

By the way, I’m not religious lmao.

[@patseng3414]

Good thing phages are here to kill bacteria

[@lasarith2]

So it’s a new Phage in fighting Superbugs 🤔

[@Tclarke-cy1sc]

That was very good

[@DueLosGaming]

lasarith2 get out Props on it tho

[@loinky5600]

S T O P

[@Kanasuraus]

lol

[@scudrunner79]

Ahaha! - Family guy ostrich.

[@limiplays2158]

bacteria: im taking over your body phages: hippity hoppoty this is now my property

[@lengendary8412]

limi plays stolen

[@Idk_qwerty]

My property

[@BlenBlen]

I told a doctor working on antibiotic resistance about phages at a party once. He told me I was an idiot and walked off.

[@DueLosGaming]

Try to reconnect with them and show them ur research.

[@magma2680]

sounds funny lol

[@phoenixrising7047]

Loved the part where he walked off.

[@theraven5850]

What did you say to him specifically? Did you walk up and say "Did you know bacteria-phages can kill bacteria?" because then I'd understand why he said it. The idea that a micro-organism can kill other micro-organisms is a function performed by your immune system; white blood cells for example kill bacteria. Thus it's readily observable; there's nothing all that cutting edge about this research other than the idea of re-programming these organisms to fight other types of bacteria.

[@gregsun974]

Either he isn't a doctor or he's a bad one.

[@Halfshanks]

gotta keep that drug money rolling in even at the expense of someone's health

[@0MVR_0]

No difference between a drug dealer that meets you at the corner store and a multinational pharmacutical that siezes publically funded research.

[@lilaclizard4504]

I cannot thumbs up this comment, even though it's totally true

[@BankruptGreek]

Patrick Shaffer what don't you make it public then? it might be shittier than the private companies but at least you know they are not benefiting from your misfortune.

[@tobiasrasmussen4516]

Money = research = new and better medicin

[@HumbertoRamosCosta]

Everybodys health in this case.

[@diablominero]

11:00 the problem with using a lysin is that bacteria will become resistant. That's why you need a living treatment: so that your treatment can evolve to keep up with the disease.

[@agentc7020]

DonPapi mo but the phages aren’t human made, they’ve been fighting bacteria long before humanity existed

[@agentc7020]

DonPapi mo that’s true but think we aren’t engineering them we’re just determining which has what effect and about them staying in your body I think that by erasing the detrimental bacteria to extinction, they won’t have an energy source and thus die inside our body

[@sankhadeepburman9709]

@DonPapi mo contagious to bacteria not humans. Bacteriophages are a type of viruses.

[@anarkitty4168]

Ah yes but to have immunity to Lysin they need to give up their immunity to antibiotics.

[@oodfty3740]

but it will become weaker to drugs and stronger to phages so we could still kill it right?

[@ODST_Republic]

I hope that one day, if I'm infected with a deadly drug resistant bacteria, this would be a treatment that I can use to save me

[@Hadeshands]

Health should be a right, not a payable privilage. America is seriously walking backwards in human priorities

[@flyingfree333]

As long as capitalism exists profit will always comes before morality.

[@HeccingHydra]

actech true!

[@xfil91]

@@flyingfree333 dirty commie

[@henryarnold8298]

Or until the Republicans stop trying to get rid if it and make it stay that way.

[@maanman3573]

FlyingFree333 Really? Because Canada has capitalism and they have healthcare right.

[@dhaynew.8722]

Underrated video

[@Max-vb6le]

Dhayne White what about phage resistance?

[@starkiller578]

Max what about it?

[@Max-vb6le]

Reptilla Sun would make the phages potentially less effective if resistance is possible.

[@advangisteren7951]

Exactly, where antibiotics are just molecules that kill the bacteria, phages are viruses with the ability to evolve too. In case of a evolution of bacteria to be resistance to phages. Phages will be able to evolve too, to be able to still kill the bacteria.

[@armandraniercortes565]

Everyone actually bacteria can get resistant to phages its just they they will lose there resistance to antibiotics completly so yeah lol

[@DenisPereira]

"evolution is fake" ... same person "HELP bacteria are developing drug resistance" ... '-'

[@bruhmoment1196]

Adaptation.

[@VengefulMaverick]

@@bruhmoment1196 ....its evolution. Based on enviroments... diet.. predators....ect... god. I hope a virus does come and kills off all the pseudoscience, religtards, and naysayers

[@DenisPereira]

@@bruhmoment1196 Evolution is the aggregate changes to the genotype of an organism as a result of natural selection operating on the traits of individual organisms. Adaptation is a related phenomenon of evolution because both help an organism to survive in a changing planet. Species evolve because they are becoming more adapted to their environments. Evolution is the long term effect of adaptation. Evolution theories are mostly based on the abilities of adaptation of species living in a particular habitat. An adaptation is a feature that is common in a population because it provides some improved function. Adaptations are well fitted to their function and are produced by natural selection. Adaptations can take many forms: a behavior that allows better evasion of predators, a protein that functions better at body temperature, or an anatomical feature that allows the organism to access a valuable new resource - all of these might be adaptations. Many of the things that impress us most in nature are thought to be adaptations.

[@bruhmoment1196]

@@VengefulMaverick I didn't say that evolution isnt real or didnt meant it, but evolution is still a theory and adaptation is a fact. Evolution has some proof, but also some contradictions that classify it as a theory. I mean evolution could be true, but don't forget it just might be a misunderstanding of nature. Don't take it for granted.

[@bruhmoment1196]

@@Snowman-hunter The theory of natural selection has been proven. See, I'm not against evolution. Also I'm not with it. It can be right, can be wrong.

[@Jesus_Christ_loves_you_alot]

My brother (born in 1999, small town in russia) had a intestinal problem. He went through phage treatment which was sort of experimental in that place and time. It very thankfully worked and once again thankfully now he is ok.

[@poohbear2441]

Where did you get the treatment?? We contacted Georgia clinic. But wondering if there are clinics in Canada or US. I know FDA in US doesn’t approve this.

[@aeridyne]

Did he go to the same place as in the video? I'm trying to figure out who they are as I want to maybe try and go there.

[@november8039]

I'm certainly not an authority on it, but I don't think there's any reason to be too concerned about the viruses mutating and becoming a risk to us. These viruses have evolved to specifically target bacteria, not animal cells. The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is like night and day, and I don't think a virus could evolve from preying on one to the other on a small enough timescale that it would matter.

[@TheLuismaBeaTle]

I literally lived every single day since I was 4 years old watching discovery channel, natgeo, actively looking for new info on everything, anything and whatever on youtube, Wikipedia etc. Countless medical shows on TV and also KZbin, and after 14 years of doing this I just now find out about these phages. It shocks me deeply tbh. How isn't this all over, in every country and on every screen. Fucking drug companies, doctors hace to "apply for emergency use of bacteriophages"

[@JTProductions3]

I think the problem is that because you can just go in the environment and get phages anyone can do it and so you'll get dodgy operators injecting you with god knows ehat

[@sp00nf33d]

they're pretty bad tbqh, I had a strain of pseudomonas go immune in less that 4 days

[@lilaclizard4504]

Last time I made a comment on youtube about a farming technique that would reduce infections & I said how that would be hated by big pharma etc, my comment was deleted. I'm not a fan on conspiracy theories, but there was nothing else in that comment/no reason to delete other than influence from these people. Surprises me how pervasive they really are (and I wonder if this comment will stay or follow the other, that comment was on a video like this, where the creator wouldn't have deleted)

[@TheLuismaBeaTle]

Lilac Lizard omg I so am a fan of conspiracy and love to get angry at big brother monopolies. What's this technique called? I wanna look into it

[@lilaclizard4504]

TheLewisma, it was a post I made on Alan Savory's TED talk on holistic grazing. That bit I'm sure was fine, but I detailed exactly why it was a threat to pharma & a certain GMO company & oil companies, exactly how it destroyed their profits & why they feared it so much more than other similar systems. Happy to go into more detail, but as I said, last one was deleted for no reason I could see other than by request of someone in that group, so I'll leave it at this for now (and hopefully this won't get deleted - I don't think it should, but who knows)

[@gabriellindgren3447]

I really love see new inventions and all the people really fighting for coming up with something essential for the world!

[@chrisoreilly6009]

Gabriel Lindgren it's not new, been around for over 90 years!

[@magma2680]

+chris oreilly yes but every year it is undoubtable they discover at least 1 new phage they can use to destroy other bacteria.

[@theomeletteguy]

it's been around for avore million of years ! It's just that we weren't aware of their presence.

[@thanatos204]

"Bacteria phage are a new frontier." Weird, I was taught they were some of the first living organisms on the planet.

[@coolxjl]

I remember watching a lecture about antibiotics where the lecturer was said how retro the phages were.

[@lucaskebow8368]

PuffinTuff I think they meant it was a new frontier for medicine, not new in the history of life.

[@louf7178]

A new frontier of medicine, defense, etc...

[@WorldRaceMVG]

1:17 He's flipping us off

[@Mroof-zk2of]

MyBoringLife Boi

[@garyverbeek5803]

Boi

[@Alvin.W]

Amazing, thank you for this XD

[@josiahemrick]

HAHAHAHAHA! bastard

[@BellserTheOne]

O_O

[@goggleassistant]

I recommend everyone to watch Kurzgesagt's video. But you don't have to.

[@obamanewsnetwork914]

The one and only kurzgesagt. Our lord and savior.

[@hayden4305]

love Kurzgesgt

[@yellowcactustvz4929]

I already did

[@Nico-dt5hu]

Google Assistant i actually watched that first

[@assaultarumugam5387]

I searched more and came here after seeing kurzgesagt video

[@jusme2038]

“How many phages you got?” 6:50

[@Qu3stove]

🔥 🔥 🔥

[@maelstorm370]

🤣😂🤣😂

[@ScholarHaru]

You are bad guy But that doesn't mean you are BAD guy!

[@AutumnPrinceProductions]

THIS is where we should spend our tax money. Not on bigger and badder nuclear weapons. Stop spending money on war, on special interests and spend it on improving the lives of humanity. I'm a nurse that works in a nonprofit hospital, and it's still all about money. We'd have more of it, to be able to develop cures like this, but we don't turn anyone away, and many people don't take care of themselves, so most of the money in the hospital is spent on people who abuse their bodies so there isn't as much left for those who are simply unfortunate and have a crisis. Type 2 diabetes, heart diseases from poor diets and smoking, over drinking, and not exercising. This is where we spend 80% of our money. And many who spend all their money on cigarettes and alcohol don't have health insurance, so it comes out of the rest of our pockets.

[@vukvidanovic8276]

I am affraid humans will never learn from their mistakes. We will always be the same until the day when we kill ourselves comes...

[@AgentZombie6021]

That moment when you want less military spending but war is the worlds most profitable business

[@GermaphobeMusic]

I'm here because of Kurzgesagt.

[@2-dsynctium773]

I see you are a man of class

[@rainerabel4540]

Me to.

[@2-dsynctium773]

@Kirami MAT you have piqued my interest... do tell, where may i find the lolicon, so that I may grop....*COUGH* I mean arrest that person...

[@2-dsynctium773]

@Kirami MAT thank you for doing your task as a responsible citizen 👍

[@theimmortalgamer2389]

Same bro

[@Comrade_mommy]

This is exciting. My daughters father OD’d was taken to a small dirty hospital where they intubated him and put him in a vent. He came out with MRSA. Now I’m terrified of letting my daughter around him. I do of course but it’s a battle to not scare her but to help her keep herself safe. I had just watched a doc on antibiotic resistant bacteria where a girl my daughters age only survived a MRSA infection after a heart lung transplant. My kid is my life and knowing her dad has mrsa (and doesn’t seem to understand how fucking serious it can be) makes me beyond anxiety ridden. If there was a successful treatment it would help alleviate so much of my fear

[@GERRYMALONEY47]

Zoey Zoey-Zoey mrsa is gone once treated so does he have active mrsa ? If yes don't let ur daughter in the same room with him but if he's been treated it's all good

[@KarryKarryKarry]

Lotsa pig farmers around here come in with multiresistant MRSA.. It happens because the farmers use copious amounts of antibiotics in conventional farms.. but some of them do not show any symptoms.. so if you're scared just have dad go get tested again. if he comes out alright he's essentially cleared.. So unless daddy is a pig farmer (or lives nearby one) there's very little risk of reinfection..

[@SevenRayedGod]

MRSA is only extremely dangerous if your immune system is weak and you dont get all your vitamins and minerals. Usually low vitamin D is why the superbugs do so much damage.

[@lilaclizard4504]

MRSA is actually very common in the community. You & your daughter probably experience it FAR more than you think. A friend of mine developed a nasty infection, was taken to the hospital & found to have MRSA, no idea where he got it from, or if he was a long term carrier & it was already in his body & dormant. Scary to think about when sharing the same sauna/spa/public pool with him & knowing that he'd had little skin bumps/open dots/skin infection for months before the hospital trip, as do countless others at the same location, so it's probably riff with MRSA

[@corey8084]

MRSA is not gone after being treated. It often lives in the nasal passages, dormant until conditions are met for an infection to take hold. I fought MRSA for years with a new infection popping up every couple of months. They had me using special anti-bacterial soaps, taking different antibiotics, basically changing the way I lived to do anything I could to prevent the infections from happening and none of it worked. The best part was having to be cut open with many of the infections and local anesthesia not working at all. In recent years my body has gotten pretty good at fighting it, now when I see an infection start to creep up it is fought back. I know it's still MRSA because I've fought it so often. TL;DR: MRSA doesn't just go away with treatment, it takes naps.

[@UglyApprentice]

Thumbs up if you think the FDA should approve the use of bacteriophages to cure bacterial diseases

[@curtisbarker9272]

Anything new may take 25 years or more to find fda approval yo where anyone could expect to find pharmaceutical access to such treatments

[@carlagrado7201]

FDA is all about profit. They don't want to approve natural things. Only stuff created in lab, where they can put a big price tag on.

[@shadow435100]

@@carlagrado7201 FDA doesn't care most of the time they are government they're underfunded and over worked.

[@WokeandProud]

I wouldn't want them approving something unless its 110% safe and effective.

[@WokeandProud]

@@carlagrado7201 You do realize these viruses are lab modified right? Your comment is beyond retarded.

[@victorunbea8451]

11:30 explains the biggest problem with today's pharma groups. True to the words: A cured patient is a customer lost

[@cloudy772]

Well see phages are able to evolve too So its a constant war between them And even if they did become resistant against phages then they would have to lower they’re immunity to antibiotics! We technically already won We just need to put our plan in action

[@theomeletteguy]

you come from Kurzgesagt don't you?

[@cloudy772]

Néo Draw Yuy

[@JohnDoe-yu6fl]

I do too who doesn’t

[@ikarmai8361]

Cloudy Water We could use CRISPR to make it so phases could also target cancer cells.

[@___Truth___]

Phages target some bacterial cells, not your bodies cells . And the problem with trying to gear or even tailor phages to target your bodies cells thats spreading into a tumor is that Phages weren't evolved for that, trying to orient them in that way would be akin to evolving them to target your genetic cells. CRISPR as an instrument doesn't work like that. Plus we're just talking YOUR GENETIC CELLS, let alone everyone else in the world.

[@GioNadirashvili]

As a Georgian, I feel very proud that we're doing something very well in a field, such as medicine.

[@Лиля-е3к]

They present phages as a brand new find, my grand grand father works on them in the research for 40years in USSR Edit : ok they mentioned that we are using it still 90 years

[@NuclearRegulatory]

Bacteria: I am inevitable Bacteriophage: *I'm about to end this man's whole career*

[@lavenderscent2334]

Invincible* (sorry)

[@michaelcueva530]

And I am bacteriophage

[@NoName-qj6of]

Daise Cerise Ok boomer.

[@noyes8882]

Daise Cerise Inevitable is also a word you dunce

[@jy386]

2019:Virus that kills drug resistant super bugs 2050:super bug that kills drug resistant virises

[@thelast344]

2050 twist The superbugs are the viruses.

[@MishaFlower]

@Rico It's impossible, Viruses are too small to be killed by bacteria.

[@saggitariusjones9938]

But... for the bacteria to be able to be resistant to phages and that stuff they emmit they have to give up their resistance to antibiotics so its like a catch 22 (some people know where i found this info ^-^)

[@kukifitte7357]

Kurzgesagt gang

[@MeedyMedia]

Ayy kurzgesagt

[@fokeyt2632]

kurzgesagt gang bois

[@thothheartmaat2833]

Why? What if it decides it wants to be super resistant?

[@interestingbruh670]

@@thothheartmaat2833 that would never happen

[@Umayyadazi]

Humans: creats drugs to kill bacteria Bacteria: becomes drug resistant Humans: injects bacteriophages Also humans: you may have outsmarted me, but i outsmarted your outsmarting!

[@gachaminetuber6772]

Was that a tounge twister?

[@gachaminetuber6772]

Ok nice

[@7galaxie]

Bacteria after then evolve to become smarter: you may have outsmarted me, but i outsmarted your outsmarting that led me to outsmart you!

[@secretunknown2782]

@@7galaxie nah you can’t become immune to phages because phages evolve too and even if some bug has to become immune to phages he must lose his immunity to drugs so giving phages and drugs to human at same time is total death for super bug ☠️

[@josegonzalez-2011]

Title: *The Virus That Kills Drug-Resistant Superbugs* Me: _Watching Kurzgesagt_ *You dare challenge me mortal!*

[@JaesNSC]

"Phage control the biosphere" - "lets try to manipulate them to our needs". Nothing can go wrong here.

[@ponponpatapon9670]

yeah, literally, nothing can go wrong here. no sarcasm, im serious.

[@AbhishekSingh-pp1ks]

A lot can go right as well!!!

[@soulec8576]

It's team work, just like the good bacterias in our body, team work!

[@IodizedNaCL]

@Organized Entropy this sick burn right here doc

[@sergiolaurencio7534]

*"HOW BAD CAN I BE" START PLAYING"*

[@jackkrieger9150]

Thank you motherboard for providing us with this important information.You are a great site of information.

[@simicengineergaming8164]

*Sets MRSA dish on windowsill* Oh Eastern Europe, never change.

[@hammercanttouchthis]

Simic Engineer Gaming I noticed that, and that refrigerator should have been locked up, imagine someone putting their lunch in there...

[@WereCatStudio]

Why would anyone would put their lunch in there? Just look in the fridge and you know... oh crap.. I shouldnt

[@Th3UprightMan]

Because americans can't think of anything other than food and what's convenient for them.

[@mikeloeven]

I should write to congress about changing the name to Murica already and just getting it over with

[@lewis424]

Eastern Europe? Georgia is in the Caucasus'

[@Chujoi0]

Superbug: *Exists* Bacteriophage: *E N E M Y S P O T T E D*

[@manas905]

T-virus is that you?

[@Skus0]

The new T-virus is by T-series

[@tnmoe-]

Ha! So going outside every day and sometimes eating dirt was good when I was a kid! BRB, going to my backyard for the snack phage of my day...

[@jordanforbes2557]

Doc Moe goes out for daily phage intake ends up with botulism.

[@wesleyeberly228]

Jordan Forbes *failure trumpet noises*

[@frayjais2942]

I wish, but phages are VERY specific to certain families of bacteria. Better stick with the doctor, more precise then dirt :P

[@GloriaW888]

Wish I had saw this video sooner. My friend died last week. He was in the hospital for a month and the doctors couldn’t figure out what kind of infection he had received by a simple poke in his arm. The infection eventually spread to his back and other arm. The doctors ran tests but they all came back negative. They gave random antibiotics in hopes that one would help. The infections were large, deep and scabbing dark dark red. He eventually died. It feels as though the doctors didn’t do enough.

[@shrodingerscat8940]

Phages are only legal in Europe

[@runninggames771]

If you dont know the bacteria then phages wouldn’t have helped either.

[@GloriaW888]

@@runninggames771😢

[@what4032]

When Bacteriophage enters your body Immunity System: S T R O N K

[@nothingjustnothing7900]

Phages interact the immune systems and human cells just fine. The immune system considered phages as ally like the friendly bacterias on your gut that help digest food. Phages won't trigger an immune response

[@ohtaren8052]

First time hearing of this, very informative; will have to look further.

[@MrMahn21]

"Shoulda used phages; instead you took ages"

[@junelqy]

Thank you SO much, researchers. We need this so badly now in this current world. I'm not even sure why antibiotics took over back then-- there seems to be a sort of money-making pharmaceutical intention, which is utterly sad.

[@daveotuwa5596]

An old, white man collected phages from the East River. A microscope is a requirement for viewing the millions of phages. The water is deemed a strait because it resembles a strait. The fact is analogous to the sentence "The Caspian Sea is deemed a lake because it resembles a lake."

[@Malloway___]

How is nobody talking about how "phage" has an appearance similar to a robot drone???

[@TridentIISLBM]

Well yes but no (it's not alive yet not dead)

[@Skus0]

So what your saying is we need the soviet union back

[@juliannah5721]

@Ian Brown yeah, everyone but the Russians

[@acutechicken5798]

@@juliannah5721 Contrary to popular belief, Russians generally approve of the Soviet Union. If my memory serves me right, it's 78% approve among people 35 years and older.

[@DJC_2003]

Yeah let's bring the country that sacrifices millions of it's own people for its governments well being back

[@Spanky00Cheeks]

Ian Brown before you idolize ussr, KZbin: “Stalins enslavement of rural Russia” The poetic propaganda and the reality are worlds apart.

[@danielpersson3268]

@Ian Brown Swedish man killed: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg Soviet union camps: www.history.com/topics/russia/gulag Soviet murders: historyofrussia.org/stalin-killed-how-many-people/ (Scroll down and you'll see both Soviet kills and Chinese kills)

[@ixion_cyb]

"The Science of Today is The Technology of Tomorrow" Oh and by the way don't worry if the super resistant bacteria evolve to be resistant also to the phages, those phages also evolve so they will keep up with the bad bacteria and also stay with us for hundreds of years

[@shuffleaccount1985]

WOW THIS GIVES ME HOPE !!!! THANK YOU FOR YOUR AMAZING WORK !!!!

[@JukesMcGee]

11:11 Daaamnn, she can treat my bacterial infection any day.

[@flossenking]

Whoa same lmao I stopped the video at this exact moment as well

[@DroisKargva]

Sure, come to Georgia. We will see how you will be treated... If you really behave like this in real life :)

[@DRAKEJUN1OR]

დროის კარგვა wtf u gonna do bitch

[@scott4978]

@@DRAKEJUN1OR lmfao

[@SomethingtoappeaseGoogle-1024]

Ioseb Visarionovich djugashvili!

[@dw41600]

reintroducing antibiotics when bacteria develop phage resistance in the future but lose antibiotic resistance you just activated my trap card

[@jakeariel3974]

@That_ Dude no they won't They need to decrease the drug resistant so they can increase phage resistant If they don't decrease drug resistant then that will just make it harder for the bacteria

[@whatdadamnz]

technically a win-win.

[@redhidinghood9337]

@That_ Dude if we stop using the antibiotics when we start using phages the bacteria's resitances to antibiotics would fall since they would be spending precious energy on the (for the moment) worthless resistance and so the ones that are more resistant would become less competitive than the less resistant ones, and then they would spread less of their genetic material than the less resistant ones, and so over time the gene pool would be clesr of the resistant bacteries. But i dont know how much time would this evolutionary process need to take for it to actually remove all the resistant bacteries from the gene pool

[@phillip5187]

I think it's definitely possible that as we jump back and forth eventually bacteria will start developing resistance to both. With antibiotics the superbugs have developed resistance for many types of antibiotics. Those which will survive will still be those that can fend off all types of treatments that we throw at them. It will inevitably happen that superbugs resistant to lysine & antibiotics will start popping up.

[@geeksxdxd]

when did they'll make a soap out of bacteriophage

[@babagee2216]

@Buurl They're also inside right you now, like a few

[@zhess4096]

@@babagee2216 Yes, a few trillion of them

[@Fulcratic]

They r everywhere dude, there is more phages on earth than EVERY other organism including ant, bacteria, etc

[@matty9460]

The sodium stearate in soap would probably kill the phage plus its good enough at killing bacteria as is. No need for any other antimicrobials

[@Robloxlight1229]

@@matty9460 then imagine bacteria are soap resistant. What would you do?

[@spencernoffke8259]

A doctor bragging about academic patents? That’s horrible. Healthcare is for everyone.

[@InvestingBookSummaries]

This is the shit from Jimmy Neutron

[@nightrous3026]

BRUH THATS WHAT I THOUGHT That episode they entered carls body

[@evanbranagan7663]

DEADASS I BEEN LOOKING FOR THIS COMMENT

[@galatica81]

Warcliff coil

[@oldi184]

What about his friends? Ed Proton and Bob Electron.

[@c0c0nutbeans]

no Steve universe

[@toothpasteboy2019]

"Remember the old saying?,enemy of my enemy is my friend,i know you can hear me phages"

[@nathaniel_1152]

I watched this while sick and now im scared for my life

[@mrpitpull4108]

Why ?

[@bossbattleman4868]

mr pit pull probably cause he is scared he might get a antibiotic resistant bacteria and wont be able to get bacteriophages due to alot of places being slow to release this is the only alternative to antibiotics

[@dominguezcharles3069]

Bacteriophages are like everywhere, just a trillion of them every centimeter, and if some bacteria goes buck wild with drug-resistance, they'll just eliminate it with no excuses

[@sergefiedyt]

@@dominguezcharles3069 And when they become phage-resistant, they will lose their drug resistance so antibiotics will kill them. And if they become drug resistant again they will lose their phage resistance so phages can kill them. Endless circle

[@daveogarf]

CRITICALLY IMPORTANT research! Thank you so much!

[@pinochet3317]

Humans always find a way to defend themselves.

[@Project_ACE]

Nope, letting the sickly/frail survive and reproduce will eventually result in the race's extinction. But that's not a problem for our generation.

[@platinumknight1]

@@Project_ACE are you saying life is like hitting the gym? The greater the resistance overcome the better the results...so trying global genocide should give the greatest resistence aginst human life so the best examplars of it can be propeled into existence? Hence the obcession of some people of killing other people by drowning the world in misery, hum...i think i understand, although the old saying that the most fit for living are those better at sneakingly killing others is kind of a bit debatable in my opinion, its debatable for me that this "quality" of being able to extinguish others is the most high factor of life that turns you into a "high purity human" maybe nature is all about death and taking away, but maybe life should be about something else, altough im not quite sure lol!

[@Project_ACE]

@@platinumknight1 Nope...

[@platinumknight1]

@@Project_ACE k...

[@javarq77]

Until we won't

[@noesnoes3969]

5:41 *skin peels less*

[@DivinityOfBLaze]

Imagine what it was like for that to be less.

[@belg8789]

"I used the virus to destroy the virus."

[@McMasterProGenius]

its bacteria so ;v, good quote but yea kinda wrong

[@RajKumar-do6hq]

The interesting thing I found about Bacteriophages is that when the bad bacteria tried to get evolved the Bacteriophages also accordingly progresses making it one step ahead to bad bacteria. Just wow!

[@entityinperil8101]

They can do the same to good bacteria as well

[@cupofkoa]

Whenever I hear the intro music got Motherboard it reminds me of Stranger Things.

[@-1f]

0:56 1 2 7 3 Rockerfeller University

[@vibinghamster5791]

Daylight is fading away, night silhouettes in the sky LED lights are flashing on towers It's Manhattan's magical time Ballerinas dancing the Swan Lake On a river made of diamonds and pearls Everything's a little bit weird now Because tonight, it is showtime In the middle of the street life All we celebrate are good times Because tonight, it is showtime Come and walk with me 1273 down the Rockefeller street Life is marchin' on, do you feel that? 1273 down the Rockefeller street Everything is more than surreal Oldschool Hollywood stars Party cinderellas are here They move like computer game heroes Because they know it is showtime In the middle of the street life All they celebrate are good times Because tonight it is showtime So let's keep movin' on 1273 down the Rockefeller street Life is marchin' on, do you feel that? 1273 down the Rockefeller street Everything is more than surreal So let's keep movin' on Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin', keep movin' If you want to know what Rockefeller groove is Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin', keep movin' Time is right to celebrate good times Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin', keep movin' If you want to know what Rockefeller groove is Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin', keep movin' Time is right to celebrate the good times 1273 down the Rockefeller street Life is marchin' on, do you feel that? 1273 down the Rockefeller street Everything is more than surreal So let's keep movin' on Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin', keep movin' If you want to know what Rockefeller groove is Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin', keep movin' Time is right to celebrate the good times We're singing 1273 down the Rockefeller street Life is marchin' on, do you feel that? We're singing 1273 down the Rockefeller street Everything is more than surreal

[@axxedts]

@@vibinghamster5791 shutcho ass up

[@lefthanded5473]

@@axxedts lol

[@jeremymarks8228]

Just waiting for that red bubble to appear over my head

[@eris.m5358]

Is that a plague inc. reference

[@jeremymarks8228]

Yes

[@PowerProductions199]

@@eris.m5358 it is

[@robertbielik5256]

Very interesting. In my youth (70:ies), we went to Hungary, and I got sick. The pharmacies there actually had bacteriophages.

[@communitycancer8199]

How where they?

[@drtechtek2165]

I hope it could be used broadly

[@TSwany]

Humans: **stops using phages and switches to antibiotics** Bacteria: **becomes resistant** Phages: *You could not live with your own failure. Where did that bring you? Back to me.*

[@Masternog01]

This is how many times you have washed your hands in the past week 👇🏿

[@thelast344]

I need to remove a couple of digits.

[@---di7zu]

Like beggar.

[@microwavemacaroni2787]

My hand is sticky So yeah I wash 100 times

[@xdeadlyrtx5315]

Bacteria will evolve to be resistant to phages, but phages are living organisms too, so they can also evolve

[@rayyankhan3696]

+XDeadlyRtX But there’s a chance that in order to bacteria to be immune to phages, they might have to give up their antibiotic resistant. So it’s best to put antibiotics and phages in.

[@xdeadlyrtx5315]

Rayyan Khan and then they’d have to become resistant to antibiotics again and the cycle continues

[@thecoffindancegang4170]

Bacteria: You can't defeat me Humanity: I know, but he can **Phages**

[@theodorehoesni4126]

While phages could definitely be an alternative to antibiotics, I should note that there is documented resistance towards phages in bacteria (examples of these are Crispr and DISARM). Moreover, there is a problem with phages being super specific to the bacterial species (some even saying strain) that they infect, which means a fast system of recognizing the pathogen is very important. Another avenue that should be looked at is phage endolysins, which destroy bacterial cell walls and such ( endolysins against gram negative species are currently being developed). It also helps that there is no documented resistance towards endolysins.

[@puncheex2]

I think your identification of resistance needs more work. CRISPR is a technique for DNA editing. What you really want in a phage is exactly that sort of specificity you cite - you want it to attack just the one superbug, not all the gut bacteria in your system. The lysins were discussed in the video; you missed that? Personally, I don't know if there is any resistance to lysins possible, but I would be very leery of writing that chapter before trying it out a few decades. In my view, any chemical attack can be fended off through evolution, until I see proof otherwise.

[@isamuddin1]

bacteria don't have enough resources to resist both, to resist antibiotics they have to make their cell wall to resist antibiotics chemical but to resist virus they have to make their cell wall thicker. Am i wrong?

[@puncheex2]

@@isamuddin1 Really? Can you cite a paper that says "they aren't strong enough", or do we have to accept your assertion? A thicker cell wall is the answer? You are wrong.

[@isamuddin1]

@@puncheex2 phages are able to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The way that phages kill bacteria is harder for bacteria to develop resistance against compared to the way that antibiotics kill bacteria. Rather than stopping bacteria from doing one specific process like in the case of antibiotics, phages actively destroy the bacteria’s cell wall and cell membrane and kill bacteria by making many holes from the inside out. In addition, many bacteria develop biofilm - a thick layer of viscous materials that protect them from antibiotics. Many phages are equipped with tools that can digest this biofilm.- sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/bacteriophage-solution-antibiotics-problem/

[@ashleyashleym2969]

@@puncheex2 the problem with only very high specifity is that the phage will not work on any other bacteria. It would require lab work that could take a couple days sometimes and if the person is already septic you could be playing with their life. Specificity is good but general killers are good when you need to cure the infection ASAP and you don't have time to figure out what bacteria it is.

[@ShubhamBhushanCC]

Why is it in times of trouble Soviets rise up to the occasion

[@drsoup5286]

Bacteria: you can’t defeat me! Humans: I know I can’t defeat you, but he can Bacteriophages: RAAAAAA

[@sicklymoonlight]

Antivaxxers now: "Omg we're putting viruses into our children to shield them!" Antiphagers in the future: "Omg we're putting mini-robots that could go rogue at any moment into our children to fight off illnesses!"

[@tracyd693]

Antivaxxers aren't averse to vaccination, just vaccination with inorganic substances

[@xGodzAssassin]

I'm half way through med school and have never heard of this

[@0MVR_0]

Education, to some degree, is in practice the indoctrinization of the youth. Old people get togethor to scheme on how we can keep the previous generation's structure alive and prevent new radical ways of thinking and percieving. Its not intentional, like there aren't groups of them just sitting and planning on how best to keep us dull. But a hefty side effect of regimented professional education is the rigidity of the mind and inability for a person to take in new sources of information.

[@Febreezy]

I'm sure you also haven't learned about the inflammatory affects of dairy products and chicken and similar facts about unhealthy aspects of animal-based foods to the human body.

[@jajuny1627]

Beautifully Bree let me guess u are vegan

[@lilaclizard4504]

What's with all the vegan bull on this video? Go back under your rock! Vegans don't belong on any science topic!

[@thetruedarksoul168]

Beautifully Bree i smell a vegan, and it doesnt smell good

[@mai1100ai]

Superbug : exists.. Phage : Fire in the hole!

[@kimberleekohutek9988]

Praying for your team. thank you

[@Jerokun]

I agree on rather having something than nothing. Would be better if we could create an artificial phage or enzyme based on that specific patiënts bacteria sample. You can just patent the method. Thx for buying us possibly more time in the meanwhile.

[@TheRazorHound]

Jerokun > Create an artificial enzyme. Hahaha good joke

[@yvespolsbroek4930]

Isn't it possible foe these phages to mutate and start affecting humans as well?

[@camehere1228]

@Ida Bagus Paramarta Premananda primaryschool we ain't really sure about that since viruses can jump from one species to the other like animal diseases that infects humans and bacteriaphages are still considered "viruses". I think the question is not does it infect us? Rather when will it infect us? (I watched Kurgzgesart's Video)

[@TheCubicplanet]

Meanwhile, Coronavirus: "- Hey!! I can help people too..." *fails miserably*

[@beanpole8294]

boy, am i glad to be from georgia. so proud of my state. we knew all along phage was the best