The World-Sized Snake | Because Science Live

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[@becausescience]

*CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS* 1. *I knew I was forgetting something* If two ships were retreating from each other at half the speed of light, a message passing between them would still travel at light speed, and each ship would measure that message incoming at light speed, and it would in fact reach them. But each ship would measure *each other* moving at less than light speed. Velocities add differently when you get close to light speed. 2. We can't get down to absolute zero because no matter how much we slow them down, atoms are always moving and wiggling randomly, thanks to the weirdness of quantum mechanics (more on that weirdness next week)... 3. Water isn't an element! But oxygen is, and I think having control over oxygen would have similar effects as to what I stated. 4. Telomeres don’t grow with aging, they shrink! The perils of live...Sorry for not knowing all this in the moment! Hard questions across many fields, maybe I should stop doing these... -- KH

[@christiansebastianobaudo9558]

It's fine! We still love you Kyle! :)

[@ctakitimu]

Would this still be true if each ship was going at 51% the speed of light? (

[@stevensmith-coleman8312]

Because Science it's okay Kyle, we still accept you

[@zacharyfreeman8170]

Kyle, Wouldn’t achieving absolute zero also go against the physics law stating we can not know the location and state of a single given particle at the same time?

[@louicoleman2910]

I blame the simulation

[@soap4935]

the mic exploded in the intro lmao😂

[@sidbbonnin]

Fcking destroyed my ears too XD

[@some_randomytchannel4411]

The mic is so loud it makes jormangandr sound quiet (I think thats the spelling)

[@gargoylets]

We cannot hit 0 Kelvin because of the Observer Effect. The act of observing the system would add energy to it (as some form of radiation bounce would be required in order to observe it).

[@TheMajorJF]

The wavelength of a particle is going to be more of the floor than the observer effect. The De broglie wavelength mixed with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is going to give you the theoretical minimum momentum of a particle and that is always non-zero. It can be ridiculously small just not zero. You are right that the observer effect is why we can never measure 0 kelvin or achieve the theoretic minimum.

[@DerpMuse]

nothing is observing empty space, it still exists at a non zero state. measuring would add energy but thats not why it exists at a non zero state. potentials never reach zero state, even gravity from a black hole in Andromeda has a minor effect on me, its zero by any macro standard. but on the quantum level. everything exists at non zero regardless. its the effect on being within a shower of fundamental field membranes.

[@danilooliveira6580]

as TheMajorJF said, its the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, not the act of measurement. even if you don't measure a particle it would still be able to have a defined position and momentum, not being able to find what the position and momentum is a matter of logistics in this case. but the Uncertainty principle guarantee that a particle position and momentum can only be defined by the De Broglie wavelength. for a particle to have 0k would mean defined position and momentum, and the uncertainty principle don't let you do that. I think its also correct to say that what makes it impossible to achieve 0k is not a special rule of the universe, but the behaviour of the particle, since the position/momentum is so hard to define at very small scales, its impossible to shoot a laser at the exact time and position to cancel the last bit of momentum of a particle, simply because if you cancel the momentum in one direction, mathematically speaking it will still have a bit of momentum in another direction. so you can keep trying to cancel it, but there will always be a bit of momentum that you can't account for... but that is just a personal interpretation, so don't take it too seriously.

[@the88thdarcstar]

I blame Schrodinger

[@peewee130946]

I know it’s late but you’re incorrect. The reason we can’t hit 0 kelvin is because in order to cool something we take something that has less energy and pull the energy from the object but since you need something that has less energy we can’t because nothing has less energy than 0 kelvin

[@colbystrauser3210]

I understand that it was a estimation but 4 1/2 krotos seems like a pretty vast understatement. In the game you can go inside him and he seems to be at least 30ft to 40ft wide if not bigger and if you look at him from the backgrounds his body has to reach at least 100ft to 200ft wide. I believe that his head where I’m assuming you took your measurement from is vastly smaller than the size of his body. I understand you were generalizing but I think your answer was notably off underestimating the size of the snake.

[@mikhielbluemon4213]

I believe that his size is just not correct throughout the game. That OR his body is like a whip where it drastically tapers off.

[@josav09]

19:09 Think of a fart, a very small amount of methane that can clear a room

[@VerbalGraphiti]

josav09 It's not the methane that smells bad. It's actually the bacteria that is expelled with that methane that causes the bad smell. Think about when you hear a loud and voluminous fart but it's not accompanied by a horrid smell. Both contain methane.

[@Will-Woll]

@@VerbalGraphiti It's not bacteria, if you search Google scholar you can find a study that actually checked that kind of thing to see if surgeons farting was hygienic/dangerous, underwear + trousers were enough to block the solids only letting gasses through, I believe it's mainly Sulphur containing molecules that cause the smells :)

[@VerbalGraphiti]

@@Will-Woll You know, you're right, now that you mention it I remember the sulfur thing from organic chem.

[@justicegraceful2171]

some can smell so bad they can even make you vomit

[@ZombieWilfred]

The two ships would be able to see each other, because each individual ship is moving at half the seed of light so light would be able to hit them and bounce off and would still be able to catch up to the other ship, there would just be an extreme delay. Just like with anything you'd be looking at where the ship used to be, but in this case the difference between what you see (where the ship used to be) and where the ship actually is would be a significant distance apart because of your speed causing light to take twice as long to catch up to you than it would if you were stationary and the other ship moving so quickly as well. The difference between what you see and the actual location of the ship would increase the father apart they get. But short answer, yes the two ships would be able to see where each other used to be.

[@JenoPaciano]

Right. From the point of view of a third-party observer looking on from the side, the light leaving ship B is moving at the speed of light while ship A moves away from that approaching light at half the speed of light and away from ship B at the speed of light. From within ship A, the light from ship B appears to be moving at the speed of light even though it's only catching up at half the speed of light, because relative time in ship A is only half that of real time due to its velocity.

[@azazielsolaron3992]

JenoPaciano Actually speed of light is constant, regardless of the relative speed of the bodies, this is the first thing to consider. Most interesting is for an outside observer the movement of the light would seem messed up. So unless the ships could literally distort space itself.... Light doesn't care

[@ZombieWilfred]

Richard Bastille Yeah, that's exactly what I was saying.

[@darkunicorn1208]

I fucking love this dude. These live videos are amazing. Its nice to see unedited content on well any platform.

[@StAugustine6]

I love that The Void has a narrative purpose and function. It's grown from "Well, it makes sense for him to have a black background for visibility reasons" to "Kyle is trapped in the unfeeling Void, only let out for short periods for very specific things (like reading YT comments and debating Dan Casey)". I don't recall the exact moment when this cosmic shift in the presentation of Because Science occurred, but every time "Void canon" is brought up, it gets a smile out of me.

[@bob80808]

You were forgetting the transformations of Lorentz, the formula to add lightspeeds (e.g.: .1c)

[@travis1984ify]

In Highlander, the immortals seem to possess some sort of electricity. (And yes, I realize that this may have more to do with visual effects, but I'm assuming that it is, in fact, an aspect of their immortality.) This form of electricity, could act in such a way as to supercharge their entire system: metabolism, cell regeneration, and resistance to illness, (can't think of the technical term off the top of my head) and simultaneously, disrupting the telomeres, preventing them from spreading aging information into the cells.

[@imminentgusta1563]

When he got the ship shape question, my first thought was Borg cubes.

[@ts25679]

28:19 That's why our stories of vampires visiting us in the night dropped off at the same time that alien visitations started to rise

[@joshuaking8327]

we probably won’t ever be able to reach “absolute zero” or 0 K because it would violate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (can’t know with absolute certainty two or more physical traits of quantum matter... the more precisely we measure one of its attributes, the more the other becomes wildly undefined) the complimenting variables are usually angular momentum and position; energy state and time... another reason we won’t be able to reach 0 kelvin is because we can’t stop quantum field fluctuations which “imbue” particles with numerous properties including energy which would prevent us from arresting all motion at the quantum level ive also read a few articles from science journal and Cornell university on the topic of absolute zero and entropy... painful equations aside it would violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics... so take your pick of reasons why ;)

[@shockmonkeyradio7128]

I love your live videos, you're so smart and southpaw and quick on your feet, I'm so impressed! Impressed that you were a kid during the spongebob era. I grew up on super friends and herculoids, myself. That art there in the top right, who did that?

[@kabob21]

He's not a southpaw. He's right handed. He's writing on glass from his perspective but to keep it from showing up backwards to us, the audience, they flip the video. He's not so talented that he can write everything backwards to himself.

[@JohnDoe-dh1cv]

I love that you get asked to pick any element and you instantly jump to evil options

[@eirikmarthinsen3850]

thanks for recommending The Expanse in an earlier episode. I really enjoyed that show. Would be great if you could do a segment on their take on gravity and space survival.

[@javadkhusro]

Hi Kyle, I personally think the best shape for ship in space is something close to an oblate spheroid. And very large. And actually a planet. It might require external heater, though. You would get oxygen and real gravity easily. The handling would be terrible, though, just go where gravity takes you. Also, you used a Galilean addition for adding relativistic velocities, instead of Einstein. That would only work if you are looking at the distance between the ships from the rest frame that you are measuring in. Instead, you have to use Einstein velocity addition: v2'=(v1-v2)/(1-(v1*v2)/c^2), so for v1=0.5c and v2=-0.5c, v2'=(0.5c+0.5c)/(1-(0.5c*(-0.5c))/c^2)=c/(1+0.25)=0.8c, so if one ship sends a signal, the other can see it. However, the frequency would also be shifted, so λ[observed]=λ[emitted]*sqrt[(1-v2'/c)/(1+v2'/c)]=λ[emitted]*sqrt[(1-0.8)/(1+0.8)]=λ[emitted]*sqrt[1/9]=λ[emitted]/3, so the observed frequency would be one third of the emitted frequency.

[@bradleymiller1139]

Javad Khusro I believe a flatter version of your ship would be the best. A disk where we all live on top if you will

[@therick7445]

So Death Star vs flying saucers

[@ItsZorroDood]

Brad Miller So like earth? /s

[@jrtrack837]

Water is not an element on the periodic table

[@alexanderwolf1984]

Juan Rossell it is however a classical element

[@ZombieWilfred]

Juan Rossell Then just choose between hydrogen or oxygen and you'd still be able to control water. Each would have an added benefit, be able to blow stuff up with hydrogen or suffocate by controlling the amount of oxygen.

[@tensixtag9265]

um, actually, he said (element) on the periodic table. is water on the table? its a (molecule) right? or did you mean like water, earth/metal, fire, air, and plasma. or do you mean hydrogen and/or oxygen. why not nitrogen since its nearly 80% of the atmosphere and can be froze and explosive. im sure im wrong somehow but fun idea to ponder.

[@ericjohnson7234]

Hydrogen

[@ericjohnson7234]

is water

[@OmeGardian]

Ideal shape for a space ship definitely should still have smallest possible surface area in direction it is heading. and a top of that some sort of shield(ing) from dust, micrometeors and other debree. assuming you don't have trekkie or SW shields to protect you. Also if you can generate some serious Gs from firing engines/thrusters, space cylinder is ideal for you, without some lenghty arms/construcions/solar panels on sides - they would break off.

[@tetsuyakenshi]

BEST SHAPE FOR A SPACE SHIP: I understand that in the space itself, weight and gravity don't have the same impact. BUT, you still have to design having in mind if you are going to use the ship in a planet or only in the space. Thats why the X-Wing its some weird for "space battles", but more standar for "planet battles". (sorry for my english)

[@monikasethi2485]

Could it be possible to make our body stretch like rubber like elastigirl,Reed or monkey d luffy (from one piece)

[@rumblingend8443]

Gay people can do that because they're not straight

[@ArchTyler]

What would happen if humans were born and grew up/evolved on a planet with 10 times earths gravity?

[@cherrydragon3120]

Our bones and muscles would be ALOT bigger And our heart wouod probably be like ten times the size simply to get the blood circulating normally. Your heart would be the size as half your body right now. Your body would be the size of an elephant. As a human. Basicly saying. Think of your own body, but ten times bigger. Add in the fact that falling down only 1/2 meters might break your bones

[@redmoon383]

I'd say we'd be more squat in nature and not as tall but wider, as that would assist stability. Though we would definitely have larger bones and stronger bone structures. Probably never even becoming bipedal to be honest.

[@thatoneguyinthecomments2633]

I actually doubt there would be any terrestrial life like trees or animals larger than mice or so as lacking the buoyancy provided by an aquatic environment most trees or animals would collapse under their own weight so most life would be aquatic or like mosses and slugs on the land.

[@greatwhitesufi]

ArchTyler goddamn saiyans

[@TheTolkeinFreak]

At 5:45 Brian asks: If two objects moved away from each other at half the speed of light, could they see one another? The issue with this question is less the speeds involved and more the (apparently unknowing) assumption of a constant reference frame. If we take the question as asked, there is no issue, as an observer on vessel A would see vessel B recede at 0.5c, and vice-versa. However, the question Brian seems to want answered (and the one you attempt to answer) is: if we launch vessels in opposite directions at 0.5c could they see each other. The answer to that is also yes, as you said in your correction in the comments. Since we have two vessels and the observer, we need Lorenz transformations to deal with the various reference frames. The relative speeds involved require the use of the relativistic velocity-addition formula: V=(u+v')/(1+((u*v')/c^2)) Doing the math we get a value of 0.8c. If you look from one vessel to the other, that is how fast it will appear to be traveling away from you. The speed of the vessels in question could be assumed to be arbitrarily close to c; in the example of this problem I was first exposed to, the vessels were moving 0.75c relative to the observer, the implication being that they were traveling 1.5c relative to each other. In any case the solution is the same: when we have multiple reference frames, we need the Lorenz transformations, and if speeds are being compared we need the velocity-addition formula.

[@jordansharplin1934]

from my knowledge, telomeres are like shoe lace caps, however they are made up of dna that is designed to get damaged at the end to protect the "important dna". as you age, the protective telomere gets shorter (and eventually disappears ) and the end of the chromosome that gets damaged is used dna. thus causing aging

[@christiansebastianobaudo9558]

Starts at 4:51. 🙂

[@macuss87]

thanks

[@brianriddle8389]

Hey Kyle, or anyone else who can answer my question. How strong is pure silver? In the Lord of the rings trilogy mithril, which is fine chainmail made of pure silver is one of the strongest armors in existence, capable of stopping a spear attack from a fully grown troll. I know silver can't stand up to anything near this abuse, but how much can it stand?

[@Tharkon]

First off, don't use the word chainmail, it's a tautology, chain and mail mean the same thing in this context. Second, mithril does not refer to the mail but to the metal it is made of, which is not silver, it just looks alike.

[@FrarmerFrank]

Mithral,which shines like silver, is a metal 10x stronger then steel and 1/10th the weight

[@jackchester2946]

I like how he goes straight for the super villian powers lol

[@tomaszmuhr7642]

Well, about the spaceship, because they are moving at very high speeds, a small pebble could blow a hole in it. To counteract that, you would need a very sturdy shielding in front of it, to maximize the effectiveness of it, you would want a cigarette-shaped(or serpent shaped) so you could focus on small cross-section to protect the most. The defensive layer could easily be a few meters thick, so having a big area to put it on would be impractical. Also, it could be possible to have giant lasers and a very good radar to track pebbles up and blow them up before you hit them, but even then you want as small area in front of your ship to minimalize amount of pebbles that can hit the ship.

[@TrogdorTibbles]

*JÖRMUNGANDR*

[@TrogdorTibbles]

Lin Yen Chin Actually there is. That’s how you spell the original name. Jörmungandr

[@linyenchin6773]

Pronunciation is what I am referring to.

[@linyenchin6773]

!!?..Ahh crap, I just checked the pronunciation in 3 viking languages...it was my memory that was wrong...Without the r at the end = an old manga...

[@adriancastro3370]

There is an "r" sound though, look up Jackson Crawford in KZbin, he is an actual expert on the Norse Mythology and he makes videos to teach about the different poems and stories.

[@linyenchin6773]

adamkaris, merry Christmas.

[@ArgonautCaptain]

I can't watch the live show without the background music anymore... It just seems empty...

[@Laplace148]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qn2Qc5aAlpiHotk i got you

[@DocT476]

I think the question about the best ship shape was pointed toward optimizing the volume-to-surface ratio which would make a sphere a rather fine shape: Max. volume with minimum surface. As far as space warfare goes: Minimum targeting offered to the enemy, maximum space for weapons, can always use about half your weapons when those are distributed equally along the sphere’s surface. Next best: Cube ?

[@sushitime9496]

The exact formula for differences of speed is u= (v + u' / 1 + ( v*u'/ c^{2} )) where u is the difference of velocity, u' is the speed of the thing observed, v is your speed, c is the speed of light. This equation far from lightspeed can average to u = v + u' since v * u' / c^{2} is really small

[@vsmash2]

you want ptelemeres _longer_ not shorter.

[@professorOfLies]

unless the cells go cancerous

[@lewqitz]

Says the guy who can't spell telomeres

[@VerbalGraphiti]

@@lewqitz when you get the science right, the spelling is less important.

[@citizenprayer5644]

Here's a question: What would happen if two weapons, one of infinite cold, and one of infinite heat, were directly face to face with one another in a vacuum void of external temperature influences?

[@TheKiroshi]

Nothing? Well, the objects that are hot and cold would do nothing. Since they magically have infinite energy and the other is infinitely resistant to change. Than nothing would happen other than temprature changes to things approaching them. Unless it was like. 5c for the "cold" and 10,000c for the "hot". But I dont think thats quite "infinite"

[@brisca1668]

well, hot would win because there is not infinite "cold", it can just be 0 Kelvin (because "cold" is just lack of heat)

[@cherrydragon3120]

If it is infinitly cold or hot nothing would change. No magic or science needed. The naming says it already. Infinitly cold or hot basicly means it will not change. No matter what

[@ctakitimu]

Well you can have different sizes of infinity so it would depend which gun had the higher value. Also, in your scenario is there ammunition for the guns? It would be hard to transmit temperature across a void.

[@Framdir]

Concerning 0K: The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that you cannot know the precise location and velocity at the same time. If you measure the location with a high degree of exactness (is this a word?) the velocity becomes "more unknown" at the same time. 0K would be no movement at all, meaning you could see it as knowing to velocity exactly (which would mean that the particle would be everywhere at the same time) or as knowing the movement exactly (which would mean that it would move in every direction at every speed at the same time. You can notice it a lot more comprihensible than that with helium, at atmospheric pressure you cannot cool helium to a solid, it extracts to much energy from spacetime (or the quantumfields - something like that). (Forget my mistakes, it's been a while since I was really learning this and not simply googling what my brain was lacking for the calculations)

[@shozthegreatandpowerful2475]

Wow, my question was answered first two weeks in a row, I am truly honoured. I would like to give all the props to Nate for pronouncing my name right--give that man a raise. Keep up the great work.

[@keithinadhd6693]

What happened to all the science questions?

[@nightcaste]

Dumbass viewers? These episodes are answering questions from the peanut gallery.

[@cherrydragon3120]

The immortality question was the dumbest thing ever! If kyle knew the damn answer. The news would be all over the world. He wouldn't be doing youtube, but research on the immortality.

[@TH3L0LF4C3]

Cherry, maybe the person just wanted to hear Fus Yoda''s approach .

[@becausescience]

People can ask whatever they want, and I like the variety - KH

[@keithinadhd6693]

Because Science I miss the days of the HARD science stuff. The speculative stuff. I mean, you still do that, but, the tone has changed. IM AN OLD MAN AND I WANT MY OLD BECAUSE SCIENCE BACK! It makes sense that as the channel grows, more people will be asking more questions and chatting away. The type questions that were asked by those of use that have been following a bit longer have gotten drowned out by the cacophony of witty antidotes and cleaver conversation. It’s not a bad thing. Just a change. In fact it’s a good thing, on second thought, as science is spread, and that is ALWAYS a good thing.

[@explodingjelly5461]

Starts at 4:49 guys

[@benhillard919]

Exploding jelly54 thank you

[@derekzagadinow5795]

Lightspeed is supposedly a constant (Which I don't understand since light can be bent, slowed down, and reversed by gravity) so, if light bounces off of something traveling half it's speed, it'll still be going at lightspeed. Which means it could catch up to something else going half light speed the other way with ease. The image might be distorted, but it will be seen.

[@NathanAmbrose42]

I know I'm super late, but gray (grey?) scale may be better thought of as scleroderma which is a rare disease that causes calcification of the skin and other tissues. Not necessarily fatal, depending on where it is primarily isolated (though it does spread, just may not spread everywhere). My grandmother had it and lived til 82.

[@Torodes23]

since when did water get added to the periodic table :D

[@rumblingend8443]

Ur gay

[@ctakitimu]

How is that an insult? Fool

[@jayw6034]

Control hydrogen or carbon, I mean come on. That's easy

[@magister343]

Wouldn't controlling hydrogen give you almost total control over the sun and most other stars? That is way more powerful than controlling carbon.

[@Lorkanthal]

you control hydrogen and you control 99% of the universe. And depending on how this power interacted with molecules you could possibly still control water as it has 2 hydrogen atoms in it.

[@manekou3303]

abcd efgh I'd go for oxygen, because exercise requires it and water has it. I'm a small thinker.

[@manekou3303]

Charles Bohnsack thank you.

[@mathy1799]

If you control carbon it would give you some control over steel. And with that you could effect all kinds of things from tools to buildings.

[@TheHordeQ]

The alien thing has been shown in other situations as well. Stigmata marks showing on the wrists or hands depending on the current culture around it is a good real-world visual example.

[@LEMMYKISGOD]

Always learn something new here thanks to Kyle & Co. Thanks 👍

[@justinmw5113]

Is there a way to not have 5 mins of emptiness before these live videos? Make it happen.

[@QuickScope771]

Justin Woldridge its so people have time to join during the Livestream

[@dvklaveren]

They get trimmed eventually, just not immediately. Technical reasons, I imagine.

[@Memberberriess]

So handsome you is kyle

[@grantspengler1553]

For the telomere question, the reverse is true. Telomeres are essentially "junk" DNA on the ends of our chromosomes that hold no real parts of our genome. When a cell divides, some of that DNA gets lost, but nothing that's actually important to cell function. So, if someone has more DNA in their telomeres, their cells will be able to divide for a longer period of time, thus allowing the body to stay healthier longer. MatPat covered this subject in his Logan video on Film Theory.

[@stonecarrier2688]

So for the speed of light question, you look at it as a stationary sender but a moving receiver because of how light reflects and refracts (in a vacuum) so they could see each other (in a similar way we see distant stars) with a delayed image that will get more delayed the further they travel "6:57"

[@jessezondlewski2597]

Omg the thumbnail scared the hell out of me. I saw him holding up his hand it looked like he was missing a finger. I was like "OMG! Did he lose a finger!?" Then I looked again, and saw the marker covering his finger. Whew!

[@TheReaverKane]

On Telomeres, it's the other way around Kyle! Basically they're like a sort of a polymer at the "ends" of DNA strands. When your DNA replicates the telomeres get shorter, and that's been linked to ageing at a cellular level. I'm not really a Biologist, so that's how much i can explain about that.

[@789marsh]

Hey Kyle, Question about wormholes and gravity: According to demonstrations we commonly see about how wormholes work, it's basically a folding of space-time so that two points in space become closer and can be crossed more easily (like with the hole in the sheet of paper example). Now, as far as I understand, general relativity sees gravity as a product of curvatures in space-time, giving the illusion of acceleration. So if we were theoretically able to build a wormhole machine on Earth, wouldn't the bending of space-time in order to bring two points closer together also have the side effect of altering gravitational fields on and around earth, potentially making satellites fall out of the sky or even throwing off our orbit around the sun?

[@allmybasketsinoneegg]

First of, I believe the 2 ships moving away from each other would encounter the doppler effect as an obstacle. Assume both ships start next to each other and begin accelerating away they'll 'see' each other fine. But upon each of them reaching .5c wavelengths from light or messages would be stretched out so far by the doppler effect it would no longer be visible light.

[@alexkaen1701]

As I understand it we can't get to 0K because our current means to reduce temperature is to move the heat energy through refrigeration (expanding gases). This can only reduce temperature by spreading out the kinetic energy among greater and greater volumes of gas, as though spreading it thinner and thinner, as though dividing something in half over and over again. Unless there is a Planck unit for temperature (which there might be, I don't know), there would always be some left over. Or you could create a perfect vacuum, and I mean PERFECT.

[@TiagoTiagoT]

A spherical spaceship would provide the most volume for the least surface area and would evenly distribute the stresses of the pressure of the internal atmosphere; but if you're gonna be going fast, it is important to reduce your cross-section to reduce the damage from hitting micrometeorites and even lonely atoms, so a cylinder shape would be beneficial as it would let you hide the most volume behind the smallest cross-section; combining the two, making an elongated spheroid, would probably be the best compromise between the two goals, and it comes with the bonus of slanted armor along the axis of travel.

[@jjlb82]

On the space ship shape question. Due to the pressure differentials wouldn't a shape like a diving cylinder or a sphere reduce the chance of stress peak points?

[@adriannatour]

how do u do the pen thing? like is there a glass board infront of u and the camera is just flipped image?

[@cirelancaster]

I think the Purple/Blue sky question was based on the misconception that the color Purple as we think of it is after Blue in the light spectrum . However when the color Violet is mentioned in regards to light it's talking about the old way of considering the color which was a deep blue. Minute Physics did a great video on this.

[@Draco51]

When it comes to telamers or however its spelled I have heard them describe the same way as the plastic end caps on your shoelaces but what I learned is that as we age they shrink they act as a buffer zone during the copying process of our chromosomes as we age and they shrink because our body doesn't make a perfect copy of our chromosomes every time eventually when the telomeres get short enough are chromosomes eventually start getting cut instead of the telomeres in the copying process thus causing aging and all the problems associated with it

[@JohnDoe-dh1cv]

U should consider exiting and re-entry into gravity Wells when u make the ship

[@RubyCheetahCub]

7:32 The reason we are unable to lower somethings temp to 0K exactly is because of *Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle*. It states that it's impossible to know both the position and momentum of any particle simultaneously with infinite precision.

[@MystearicaClaws]

I don't know if this ever got answered, but this a physics peeve of mine. Vibranium it ABSORBS vibration. Sound is vibration. How does Caps shield make a dull gong sound EVERYTIME it hits something? Is it like star wars where they just add the sound to make the scene more interesting?

[@kazuya8]

I thought, since the first object only moves with 0.5c, it still get "hit" by the light. This light would then travel with light-speed in the direction of the second object, who also moves only with 0.5c. Since neither of the two objects can "run away" from the light, both should see each other. Assuming you can only get hit by a maximum amount of X of light in a certain amount of time, in this case I could imagine that the objects can see each other but they look darker

[@kyzyl4915]

Also the sky actually scatters even more purple light than blue light. The reason we don’t see the sky as purple is because our eyes are 10x more sensitive to blue light than purple light. So even though there is more purple light being scattered, it’s still not gonna be 10x as intense as the blue light which we can see much more easily

[@swiftpain9463]

That one pixel next to your head had me worried I had a dead pixel for longer than I would like.

[@oels9507]

What an absolute unit

[@unnastormflower229]

Kyle, the thing about telomeres isn't so much an "Oh no, they're getting too long" or "accruing too much baggage" as it is that they are being clipped off. Yes, telomeres being too long can be a bad thing, it's something we see in cancer cells. However, the idea about extending the human lifespan indefinitely (in regards to telomeres) is that they become shorter. It is likened to the caps on shoelaces in that it protects your laces from getting frayed and falling apart. But once those caps are gone your laces tend to lose their integrity. We think that telomere length might be related to age and death through the loss of those protective telomeres and the damage that gets done to DNA once those caps are gone. Dr. Bill Andrews has been working on the telomere idea for awhile. The film: "The Immortalists" is a great documentary going over the two major lines of thought regarding solving the aging problem. Both Dr. Bill Andrews and Aubrey De Grey are in the documentary, giving explanations and making cases for their particular lines of research/thought.

[@nickel2346]

In the movie battleship at the final battle the missori drops one ankor while it is turning left. As soon as the chain goes tought the ship stops and "drifts" to rain some lead on the those. My question is could that acculaly happen, can an ankor chain survive the sudden forces applied or would something else happen

[@wildsage999]

In regards to the light speed equation, the signal sent would be recieved from the other craft because the moment the message was sent it would then travel at c twards the craft traveling .5c. I think.

[@MarsCorporations]

If you go really fast the few atoms in Space are as dense as Air or even denster. So you may want a specific shape to be more "vaccudynamic".

[@michaelgorilla9910]

Fun fact: Salt water crocodile’s can never die of old age, they can easily become 100-150 years old, either they die from illness or over time they become so large that they literally can’t eat enough food and starve to death.

[@christianjohnson8965]

If you send a signal going half light speed it can still catch up to the other thing going half light speed. As far as the signal is concerned, you're standing still at the moment it is sent meaning it can catch up to the thing going .5c

[@jammybap]

They sail into his mouth, 4.5 seems like a big underestimation

[@ibeenthere]

I really love how Kayle always ends the show lately with "be nice to each other..." A bit of a naive optemistic approach but I appreciate it!

[@jakelin2]

How do i ask a question here or do i have to use another site?

[@mmcmullen8543]

Yes they can see each other. Light is constant in all frames of reference

[@axe693axe]

13:46 It's not Quantity but the Quality that matters .

[@BoardGameGreeks]

About the message or visibility of the two objects that travel at 0.5c. They would be able to send a message and see each other cause when the light wave would left the object to direction of the opposite one it would travel at the speed of light. Double the speed of the the fleeting object. So in my humble opinion yes but it would take some time:)

[@TidalShadow]

Water conducts heat about 25 times better than air at the same temperature. Even better/worse, water has low thermal diffusivity compared to air, so it can conduct heat away from a good heat conductor (like a person) even faster than that. It's why running a hot pan under cold water will cause it to warp, and also why you want to use warm water to cool down a burn rather than cold water.

[@UKOwen]

Midgard is indeed your ancestral homeland. And mine. And everyone else's. Midgard is the earth. - Because mythology.

[@ishaanarora9113]

@6:00 the questions was, if the objects moved away from "EACH OTHER" at 0.5c not from a random static point in space. So, if the relative speed of the two above mentioned objects is 0.5c, they should be able to see each other. Also, if your case as well, relative velocity = (u - v)/(1-uv/c2) = 0.8c So, in your case as well, they should be able to see each other. @7:40 because 0K means 0 Kinetic energy, means no motion at all. i.e. perfect rest state. Even if we somehow reach 0K, as soon as we hit it with a photon, to observe it, the energy transfer from that will increase the system's energy thereby raising its temperature above 0K.

[@VarnaXSerph]

The cones and rods in die eyes dont replace ever. If they are damaged they are done. As well as the zonula fibers which hold the eyelense in place and are essential for accomodation (which mean Change of sharp view from distance to near sight.) They dont replace and are the same from the day of your birth:) (y)

[@kitcoakley1357]

I was really hoping to hear your response to my earlier question of what would happen if a portal was created to the bottom of the Mariana's Trench. How fast would it come out of one that was shaped like a door? What impact would it have on the ocean? and could someone survive 8 tons of water crashing into them over the course of a second.

[@SuperMichaelpearce]

Those little caps you refer to on the end laces are called aglets

[@Galacticat42]

If two people move away from each other at .5c, then rather the difference being 1c, it would be much closer to .9c or even .8c considering that time dilation would cause each one to appear to have stopped in time to the other. I don't know the math included, but with relativistic speeds, spacetime is anything but linear.

[@ChrisZacho]

Best shape for a space ship theoretically be a sphere, because it uses the least amount of material to enclose the greatest volume.

[@AnagrammaMerk]

What if the prozessor of transparent mobile phones is in your pocket together with the other stuff like memory and the screen just has a small receiver in it wich is to small to see it?

[@OctagonCookies]

24:15 I always considered "us" to be our brains, while our bodies are just a tool for us to interact with the world outside the skull. Imagine you sitting in an enclosed cockpit of a robot. There aren't any windows, but there's two screens that let you see outside through camera feeds, two speakers on each side of the cockpit to hear the outside and a mic to be able to speak to the outside. You'll also have your controls for moving the robot's limbs and a machine that pumps oxygen into the cockpit so you can breath. Now imagine that your screens suddenly stop working. Now you're blind. Or that your mic suddenly breaks. Now you're mute. Even if they replace every single part of that robot, you're still you in that cockpit. You're the exact same person inside there, but your "shell" just looks different. To me you are your brain and nothing else, which means that if you replaced your brain there would be, so to speak, a different person controlling the same robot.

[@thebignappp]

im almost 100% sure that line was put into the movie A) cause its an awesome zinger but B) cause he shoots a Dinosaur with his ice gun, btw love your show

[@thedevilsadvocate9365]

It'd be so awesome if you started to add time stamps. Just stumbled upon the channel and I've been binge watching videos lol. Great content!

[@artiscommunication.2271]

I like Cube shaped spaceships like the Borg.

[@williamhellander2156]

I question for another video, could the flash lock a door from the outside, like could he turn lock on the inside and close the door so fast that the pin didn't have time to "go out from the door".

[@OdinMagnus]

From what I remember, the telomeres get shorter not longer and eventually the DNA is getting trimmed instead of the telomeres and that's why we degrade over time. It's also why wolverine died in Logan. His healing effect ran out

[@Netrole]

6:00 i'd say yes you can see each other. because the relativistic speed is only between the spaceships not between the spaceship and the light it emits as the light is not attached to the spaceship. So even tho the space ship goes .5c to the right, the light that is emittet goes to the left with 1c and will eventually catch up to the other spaceship that travels to the left with .5c So i would say you can see each other, but with some latency

[@gunterduvoisin7757]

@ 5:55 The question about two objects moving appart at half c could they see one another, i would say yes since the photons would travel at c in the direction of the other object regardless of it's relative speed.

[@davidstickney8865]

I always enjoy your videos it lets me get a daily science lesson since I graduated school. Was wondering if you did or would do an episode about Doug and Bob McKenzie surviving underwater in Strange Brew.

[@TheZenytram]

the 2 ship thing, you're forgeting the GAMMA factor, both ship would be see each other going about 0.8C so of course they would be able to send a signal to each other.

[@connorschultz380]

7:25 The question was could you see the other. That would be yes. you would just be seeing a outdated image as the light of the other ship could still reach you just never get any closer to the actual Position of the ship.

[@lanceslasher3130]

"JORMUNGANDER!"

[@uliuchu4318]

You got the Telomer thing opposite... they become shorter with age. They are repeating sequences at the end of chromosomes. There is an enzyme recreating these, But for some reason, the telomerase cannot keep up or is inactive with dividing cells as we age

[@theefatmexican]

Question! Is it possible for someone so fast such as the flash or sonic to make the lightsaber seize to function. (do to plasma not being able to keep up)