You still use Redux?

[@davidkpiano]

Note: the default fetch example in the XState visualizer is just a contrived example of modeling a promise; it's definitely not meant to be the way you fetch data. In fact, fetching data is just a single "invoke" in a state, with optional onDone and onError handlers. That's it! Maybe I should change the default example 🤔

[@Rmp613]

Yeah I think its worth changing the default example

[@branthology]

Definitely

[@kassios]

@David Khourshid I think they are missing the point of xState as a tool to model the UI behaviour. This is a very useful layer of describing the User Interaction Flow. What the user can and cannot do at any giving point. Which elements are interactive or disabled/hidden based on where in the flow diagram the user currently is (the specific finite state). I think the ambiguity springs from the double meaning of the word state. State in React and (finite) State in xState are different things! We are used to store or derive UX conditions (loading, canSubmit, isDisabled) in the React State, while xState explicitly models those conditions as finite states. Anytime you have transitions in your app which affect the interactivity of visual elements xState offers a great solution. As a bonus you get a diagram for your documentation 🙂

[@raulcontreras2717]

I love xstate, but the features react-query offers regarding data fetching are not easily implemented in xstate, I really believe xstate needs an xstate-query package which implements this features using a state machine easy to use. Not as trivial as you point out -> "fetching data is just a single "invoke" in a state, with optional onDone and onError handlers. That's it!"... No

[@youssefaserrar2001]

Explaining to the world that server state and client state are 2 different things and they should be separated was the best thing team react-query did, and when we think about it most of our state is server state that can be handled perfectly by react-query. Great video 👍

[@troy5370]

Why do you and the author make this assumption, "most of our state is server state" ? That is about as bad as the code in the video combining data access directly in the components. Isn't this "REACT" not "Let's Go A Polling"? The only time that most of the state is server state is when you doing an app that has almost no interaction ie. mostly read only displays with a filter at most. If you have an app with actual user interaction, no that isn't the case at all. Now you say web apps need 2 state managers rofl. If your so concerned about state why not use something like SignalR that pushes "real" changes from the server instead of wasting time polling for changes that may or may not exist...why guess with this crud when you could know? GUI Blooper: never assume what the user wants to do and try to do it for them. Newsflash, the client will never be in sync nor should you ever assume it is unless that is its specific function ie Stock ticker. Try React Query with a bad network connection as it destroys itself trying to sync and your app sits in loading limbo

[@PanosPitsi]

@@troy5370bro thinks we reading that 🥶

[@TannerBarcelos]

React Query + Zustand + useState are the go tos for all my state needs (local, server data, global). All of this makes your app light weight too - it’s less of a headache to maintain and each api , respectively is self explanatory, well documented in the library docs, and keeps things feeling “reacty” all the time. I have used redux a lot and use it on a project at work, but given I’m leading the UI efforts on this app, I am considering a complete overhaul to using React Query and Zustand - feel like the project would increase in network performance, rendering performance out of the box, etc.

[@OzzyTheGiant]

As someone who hates using React at all, this seems like the best stack to use if I'm forced to write React code.

[@TannerBarcelos]

@@OzzyTheGiant while I do like redux / use it at work, this stack is both modern but also way more light weight. Makes the react code a little less bloated. I will agree though, React is a headache more often than not. I enjoy it and it’s probably my top skill in the frontend side of things however I can agree with your take on you hating writing it. It becomes too much of a hassle

[@youusef101]

@@zz-if1ic In my point of Vue he must be a view user 😄

[@SuhweeSoftware]

did you end up rewriting it to Zustand and React Query? If so how did that go?

[@adimardev1550]

i really don't understand why people love redux or RTK while i hate it so much for very practical reason.

[@keemcodes]

Loving your content bro. You're definitely my go to for keeping up with frontend tech.

[@jake1087]

so jotai is a global useState and zustand is a global useReducer

[@lucabaxter4002]

yes, with the difference that jotai has to be used in the React Tree, while zustand does not. Both the best btw.

[@dhidhi1000]

zustand is also global?

[@z-aru]

@@dhidhi1000 yes, it is flux

[@bardhokajvazi2726]

I will screenshot this

[@offlercrocgod]

Zustand stores don't have to be global. You can create multiple instances of the same store and pass them down using context.

[@theindieprogrammer]

About the counter example with Jotai, actually it's very simple to implement, you just create another atom that increments the counter atom. Here: const counterAtom = atom(0); const incrementAtom = atom(null, (get, set) => { set(counterAtom, get(counterAtom) + 1); }); // On your component const counter = useAtomValue(counterAtom); const increment = useSetAtom(incrementAtom); increment();

[@jherr]

Fantastic video!

[@dalebradleygordon]

Top 10 best developer crossovers 👨🏻‍💻👨🏼‍💻 PS: Thanks for work you both do! Always come away from the video you guys release amped to build something truely considered and extraordinary 🎉

[@thiscris_]

Love you Jack, you are the nicest guy.

[@StephenRayner]

Showing failure is always good

[@PhilipAlexanderHassialis]

Excellent breakdown as usual! Zustand is easy, straightforward and I really like their approach towards creating stores. Nonetheless, it really depends on the context of the application you are building. For example, in the cases of the applicatios I usually deal with, we are talking bighuge forms with lots of fields, usually broken down in wizard-ey situations and respective bighuge states that demand really tricky breakdowns in parts that will be displayed AND interacted with etc. So all in all, Jotai is out of the question and Zustand gets to be almost as boilerplate-y as RTK. So, of course our company's go-to solution is RTK because it will perform adequately well and is a battle-tested technology for such kind of situations. I would love if one day you did the same kind of breakdown but in the context of e.g. an ERP / HRMS / CRM or other applications that need > 50-60 pieces of information per Entity (with dozens of Entities, that, yes, need to be kept on the application state because all of them may change from many parts of the application) and propose something. Great great great video as usual though.

[@theory-in-motion]

The reason for using XState is to enforce invariants in cases which _must_ not happen. It's for formally proving, for instance, that it's impossible to have a hot-mic moment where you switch rooms or scenes (or whatever), and the camera followed you, but the mic didn't, or the mic is broadcast in two different places. It's essentially for enforcing the same kind of rigor that should be enforced when making good hardware. Aunt Gertrude's cat blog doesn't need that rigor; medical devices often should (but most likely don't).

[@nickchauhan]

Redux RTK query is also very great tool for server state. It provides automatic hooks, caching, invalid cache on Mutation, provide tags to your data. If you have huge rest API it’s definitely a good tool to use. It has his own structure to follow but it’s worth it. I’ve experience in all three state lib react-query, zustand and RTK. I feel RTK query is good in terms where you have many endpoints to manage.

[@DarkzarichV2]

redux and rtk in general are very boilerplaty, that's why people tend to choose nowadays something... less of that like mobx, zustand etc

[@phryneas]

@@DarkzarichV2 If you have it set up RTK Query once, you add a new endpoint with 1-3 lines of code and get a hook to use in your component that does data fetching, caching, automatic cache collection, fetching states etc for you. How is that boilerplatey?

[@DarkzarichV2]

@@phryneas well, if we talk about more complex state, with modules each module will require extracting actions out of reducers, creating slices, then combining them eventually and some other stuff, might seem just a little but it's preferable not having to deal with it at all. I personally use Vue much more than React nowadays, and Pinia is state manager I use there, would be cool if React had something like Pinia, very neat tool

[@ofamigeradoudd]

RTK query is just awesome

[@dmitrymatatov7639]

@@ofamigeradoudd RTK Query is a piece of shit, when we are talking about integration with React Native, complex data fetching, persisting responses, and other tools (such as InfiniteScroll) it sucks. In other cases it's a good solution, but due to limitations that also limit your architecture, I strongly advice you not to use RTK-Query.

[@radhouze2554]

Libs that do a bunch of magic for you in the background are HELL for bigger projects. Avoid suggesting React Query if you work on anything remotely big/complex

[@webdevalextv8342]

We are using Zustand more than a year in production. I like it a lot. Also for private projects.

[@ts8960]

why not useReducer

[@abdelhameedhamdy]

Me too

[@Euquila]

@@ts8960 useReducer is essentially just useState. Zustand is a "machine" that lives outside the components' lifecycles. It can also run async code which useState/useReducer cannot

[@garfieldnate]

I love that you leave in the debugging sections to show that development has these sorts of hiccups even when you're advanced XD Very helpful video. Thank you for sharing!

[@Slashx92]

We're using react context for complex forms that have user actions that could change the layout and features of the form, and I find it great. Using it in pair with state for individual inputs and containers seems like a no-brainier for our use case. We use react as the UI of embedded forms for a CRM. Since the context here resembles something like the "settings" of the form, and they are essentially an SPA with a single form, I think it's the perfect use case for it. With that said, zustand looks like all the good things about context without the bad ones (re-renders) I will definitively look it up I touched redux toolkit for a job interview and man that thing is like boilerplate galore if you want to just manage the state of a page

[@Andreas-gh6is]

Using the context API for state management means using mutable data structures. This can lead to some subtle and some not so subtle bugs. It's harder to reason about what the reconciliation algorithm will do. For many usecases, this works quite well, and it suits developers who prefer to think in an "iterative" rather than "functional" / "reactive" way. But React isn't named React for nothing. "useState" and "useReducer" are superior to the context api. The purpose of the context API is to hand down data along a component tree and to avoid coupling components to a particular source. Also I found that Redux makes state handling extremely transparen, easier to debug, trivial to test. This doesn't matter in the simplest usecases, but for me it almost always does matter. I find that people underestimate state management in general and that all the "boilerplating" of redux mostly means thinking clearly about state, computed state and state transitions.

[@nivaldolemos5280]

Consider using react-hook-form. It even has a FormProvider for what you appear to be doing, but it makes massive use of refs internally to prevent unneeded rerenders.

[@benkatz8999]

I have a similar application and just switched to zustand from context. never going back

[@Andreas-gh6is]

If you think redux is in your way, you're doing it wrong. RTK has reduced a lot of the boilerplate. RTK Query is just as easy to use as React Query, with actually the same mechanics, but works not just in components, but also in async workflows. The problem I see with hooks-based API calls is that this can lead to a very intransparent async workflow based around when components are visible or not. In my opinion, using chains of useEffect for defining these flows is an antipattern. That's where thunks and sagas come in. Thunks are easier to understand than sagas and allow you to have more complex state flow altogether in a few lines. Sagas are even better because they allow you to react to things happening in the app. You can use them for "autostart" behavior, for situations where you want certain data fetched/refetched when the route changes, I've used them to auto-scroll when new data comes in. Sagas are also the easiest async abstraction to unit test because you only need POJOs to mock everything from server responses to user interaction. The next important component are selectors using "reselect". "createSelector" allows you to structure your computed state in a principled way. They are memoized. They can be composed easily. I have selectors that pick out only part of a state structure. I have selectors that enrich the state with precomputed values. I have selectors that create non-primitive objects out of primitive state (rehydration). RTK Query comes with selectors for each query. I can combine selectors from multiple queries. I can use selectors in components, thunks and sagas. Having the "computed state" logic in the selectors means a lot less JSX salad. And redux is almost trivial to unit test. Most of the time, you don't need a fully filled out state to test reducers, action creators, selectors and so on. Pure functions are easy to test and by just specifying the data the specific functions will need allows me to assert assumptions about the code. In my opinion redux is still the best way for state management.

[@zavarka2]

100%! Using React Query violates the SOLID design principles and makes unit testing very difficult.

[@rprLKA]

I see lots of personal opinions, rather than actual facts in this channel.

[@randomlyswatching9481]

I say this too We have the exact setup in prod but i don't see redux is going away anytime soon . I'll still try others in my pet projects

[@jellyfish1772]

I dont get why people hate redux😑

[@deanolium]

@@jellyfish1772 It's all down to people's use-cases. Redux in a lot of cases is a bit overkill if all you want to do is pass basic values between indirectly connected components. Setting up a store, a slice, actions and a selector is a relatively large amount of work in these cases, which will put people off who work in that kind of situation. Redux works best in more complex app state situations, but not every web developer requires that. That said, without Redux Toolkit (which is a massive shot in the arm for Redux) and other libraries, it's not particularly great for very complex app states since it requires a lot of architecting to stop it becoming a huge mess. But these situations should be relatively rare.

[@Zullv]

react-query is the same size as reduxjs/toolkit in terms of bundle. and if you end up using react-query, jotai and zustand you'll be over the bundle size of the redux while also steadily reaching the same level of complexity. redux has a bit of complexity, but reduxjs/toolkit has gotten rid of a lot of that stuffy boilerplate. if you can only use jotai and zustand for your application then that's fine. But if you end up using 3 libraries to replace one, well, maybe you're just innovating for innovation's sake.

[@red17electro]

Why would you use both Zustand & Jotai?

[@voyager_ll]

Thank you, this helps a lot with learning React as an experienced Angular dev. Most tutorials are for beginners and don’t cover this kind of stuff.

[@0xTomster]

Awesome freaking video. Thanks Theo you explain things in a way that is so easy to understand!

[@Euquila]

Context _can_ be _extremely_ useful in the following situation: i'm using a 3rd party component library that has a renderCell prop in an array-schema which gets passed as a prop to the component. I have no bloody idea how to pass props to the component I attach to renderCell. Here context is an absolute hero! Edit: I will also add that I enjoy Zustand's API so much to help me write cleaner code. When my components get bloated and I'm due for a refactor, I'll often reach for Zustand instead of moving the code to a custom hook. I just find it easier

[@OmarElmasry1]

i was really hoping that you include RTK quary in this video

[@JorgeLuisMachadoTorres]

I'm still on the belief that redux toolkit polish the implementation and keeps the values of the single source of truth and immutability with less code and opinionated, which was the main issue for me the amount of boiler plate code

[@anyadatzaklatszjutub]

Cool! One more option though, good ole' URL :) Some state, not all, can also be stored in the URL. Classic examples are modals (open or not), search terms, filtering options for tables, forms, etc. Makes for nice shareable URLs

[@creatorsremose]

This was so helpful for what I'm working on that I subscribed while entranced. Thanks!

[@MauroTrigo]

Hey Theo, this video is amazing, really helpful! I think the title can be misleading, since it sounds more like a rant than an excellent overview of how to understand and apply _state management_.

[@t3dotgg]

I had a different title and nobody watched the video lmao

[@emab]

Really interesting video. The project I’m working on is moving to GQL so I’m going to try push this more for some of our applications.

[@ShaharHarshuv]

One of the more interesting talks I've seen on this channel. I'll definetly check these libraries out

[@O_Eduardo]

I think I have to udpate my notion on what is "simple". Because the example shown using that react-query library doesn't fell right. I fell like everything today must be very tight coupled with the framework or library. In my understanding, every server fetching is a service, I delegate to a folder called services that contains a set of vanilla javascript functions that will fetch, reshape the structure, format values and send it back to whoever is calling it. No "useSomething" is required. Just a simple {getUser, getUsers, etc } from service/user. No magic envolved, less learning curve to newcomers, less library to learn in onboarding. This is one of the concepts I actually agreed with Uncle bob, you should push to the end of your layers the details of your implementations and also create adapters, factories to plug in your component logic level. React is a UI library and ts awesome when you use it only for updating ui state, and that's it. I have been benefited with this kind of mentality especially on migrations I've participated where everything that was write in vanilla was ported to the next framework or the next framework version just moving folders. The service layer should be a black box where it will have the same behavior with vue, react, angular, vanilla js etc. Promises are very strong and have very powerfull way to compose. For me, we only need a a state managment abstraction to deal with application logic and state transitions, the ui changes and event listeners should be adressed to your UI framework, and external async data should be delegated to a set of async functions where your component might use it by composition. Maybe I would write a ui component that automate that loading / error / success, in case of react it can be a hook that returns methods and a wrapper component, but it's just a few lines of code... I also wouldn't tight front end with back-end in order to automate the process of updates, for me that makes the system more weak. Front-end should be ready to integrate with any shape of api's and the logic that abstracts that I believe it should be in the services layers, using adapters, middlewares or brigde or any kind of well known and simple technics working since 60's. I wouldn't say that react-query is useless, it probably have its space... but I'm going to my 15 year now with js in client side applications and ... That's not the kind of thing that helps in the majority of the real problems I've faced... It's just a distraction.

[@t3dotgg]

"maybe I would write a ui component to automate that loading/error/success" I dare you to try. Make it even HALF as ergonomic as React Query and you might have a startup on your hands. The first half of this comment ignores the 'many states around async' entirely. The second half brushes them off like they're trivial additions. You may have a lot of JS experience, but it doesn't sound like you've built a lot of interactive user experiences with them

[@O_Eduardo]

@@t3dotgg I really respect your thoughs man, don't get me wrong. I used to hear things like that: "You might not have a lot experience on this", "Maybe you havent work on a project on this size" etc. It's pretty much clear to me what is difficult and what is not in front end. I believe that most of the things are just distraction and over engineering is more often than it should. I think there's a sense that a case shown by an ex fang engineer is the way of solving the majority of the problems we have. But often time proofs what I'm saying through these years, I remember to list some issues about React design and what I thought it should be reconsidered and I got the same responses like: You don't know what your saying, you don't have the experience on this and so on. The fact is that all of those list I've discussed before doesn't exists anymore in React Development. It took more time than it should to people understand how bad it was, the discussion was focused on other minor things. The same thing happens with SPA's vs SSG and SSR era... I worked on several refactories and rebuilding apps that someone once told that it wouldn't be possible if we wasn't using : Angular, Redux Saga, RXJS, Rambda etc etc... The reality is that I was able to do the same thing, with a half of the code, indirections and libraries. I'm from another time, where I had to implement myself Charts, Zooming, drag n drop, Sliders, animations and easings, those things still give me creeps, we already have many solutions for all of them today, and kinda can predit the behavior across browsers. I think that Browser, Tools, Language, Ui Libraries gets better very fast relatively speaking, but I really don't think that the majority of "applications" got complex in the same pace. we do have more complex applications today but we also have good abstractions/patterns to deal with them. I think I'm pretty aware about how dificult a front end application can be knowing about what browser is capable of and its restritions and contrains, I found pretty hard to make a web page doing something completely out of this world, with exception of WebGL. To find a super hiper complex web page as an example might not be acurate, I'm talking about those others 99%. But you might be right, I'm might not have that experience with user interfaces, but I'd like to give the benefit of doubt because I'm genuinely looking for something that invalidates my theory, I kindly ask you to share some app as a reference so I can update my understanding regarding those abstractions.

[@saritsotangkur2438]

The point of frameworks is to gain some form of DX improvement. Abstracting that away seems counter-productive. Perhaps you’re only doing that because the framework is being pushed upon you and not because it’s what you want to use.

[@maleksmida2464]

you may consider RTK query developed by Redux toolkit team, that replaces react query if you are using Redux toolkit

[@joshuadraper8240]

Good point, relying on the algorithm to show me your next video without subbing was quite silly. Thanks for the call out.

[@Tristan-mr3pk]

I think of state in different categories. Data: my username, my email, my images Application state: which tab is open? Which user at I looking at? Which page am I on? Application state needs to be on the client and it should use useState. Data should be requested as low in the component tree as possible and should be raised when needed. This subject is far too complicated to treat in a KZbin comment so it’s more complicated than I’m saying here but that’s the core philosophy I’ve taken. This means I don’t use state management systems.

[@sim.b]

Really interesting video ! You explained what the two different types of state needed in front-end apps: Application State / Server State. RQ will help a lot to sync with the server state, but to me its not helping that much if you want to create a proper data-layer. Complex front-end apps may require data-layer that have the responsability to abstract the presentation logic (view model) as well as the business logic. Also this layer should be easily testable, so its better if its no tightly coupled with the UI (like RQ). I am wondering how RQ can scale on larger/complex codebases ? That being said, RQ would be my go tos if I have top-notch API, or if I use a BFF that generate my read model.

[@khalednasr7952]

that was fucking amazing man. thank you!

[@PaulSebastianM]

Amazing rundown of React state management even for beginners (1+ years)!

[@xan3xx443]

Just started well a year ago I started react blindly almost never reading docs and just learning as I go. You don’t know how much reliefs your videos bring me because I’ve done almost everything the same as you. Also fuck all those tutorials where people don’t really know what they are doing like using craco. Even when I just started using react like a month into it I just saw it was a pile of hot shit and just never touched it. I like stoking my ego but mostly I just feel lucky

[@Andreas-gh6is]

The danger with stumbling through React this way is that people often don't get why React and Redux where created. To actually understand their nature and benefits, and to use React fully, one needs to grasp the idea of functional programming. Maybe not in the purest and most theoretical way, but React wants you to think in a functional programming mindset. React hates side effects and avoiding the "boilerplate" of redux usually leads to not being clear about side effect handling.

[@emday4prez]

I can’t thank you enough for all of your videos.

[@nomadtrails]

Jotai and Zustand look good. We use Svelte and therefor get Svelte Stores, which are one of the strongest selling points of Svelte. Glad to know I can work this way in React in the future if I have to.

[@BosonCollider]

Preact signals are another great alternative for jotai

[@GGGGGGGGGG96]

This is a nice introduction to React Query. The idea behind React Query is very nice and it is going the right way, but React Query comes with other problems. It is hard to explain it here, but in short: In all these tutorials with a simple todo-list, React Query looks amazing. But in reality on big projects, where you maybe have a lot of list-views and re-usable functions like "mark-user-as-favorite" (for example) and you need to write mutate-functions, React Query can be a nightmare.

[@killerdroid99]

exactly even for voting a single post on lets say a blog site I have to forcefully invalidate every post assuming the app uses SSR

[@GGGGGGGGGG96]

@@killerdroid99 To solve this problem, I use an event-driven-system. So on a post-voting-action, i would dispatch an "post:voting"-event (or something like that). The lists just listening to this event and mutating their data. For mutating-operations, because they are really ugly in ReactQuery, I use a helper-function where I just pass the list-key, object-id, property-name and value. So sadly it is a lot work.

[@guillaumehuardhughes1091]

We were using context and we replace a lot with Zustand. It was easy and make a lot of thing easier and way more performant! Nice tech

[@owenwexler7214]

Me before watching this: "wtf kind of name for a state management library is Jotai" Me after watching this: "Seriously considering switching my web app's global state from Context to Jotai"

[@andrews8733]

This was super helpful, ty. I've been introducing context lately as a means of getting away from redux. Feels clunky sometimes. Might try some of these out instead.

[@BobbyBundlez]

I guess im too new in this. but how tf does context feel more clunky than redux..

[@dave_jones]

@@BobbyBundlez maybe OP means that context was clunky when building class based components... but hooks make it pretty trivial. Still, it shouldn't be used willy nilly

[@tesilab994]

State machines (e.g. XState) fullfill a different function from state managers like redux that apply reducers. State machines consume events and potentially transition. Associating behavior with entering/exiting states, or with a specific transition can generate new events. Also XState's configuration is much more complicated than it needs to be to represent a set of states and transitions, I instantiate them from more concise notations that would make a statemachine your goto choice even if you only want to replace a timer and an if statement or two. That is because they are airtight, logic wise. And you totally separate state transition logic from transition behavior.

[@CodingWithChaim]

Why would we not be able to break up context in the same way we would break up our atoms using Jotai? This way only the components consuming the changing context would re-render. If breaking things up into smaller pieces is the strength of Jotai, it would seem that react context has that same possible benefit

[@t3dotgg]

Contexts have to wrap your app, atoms exist outside of it. There are some hacks to get similar experiences w/ context, such as useSelectFromContext (which was made by the same person as Jotai)

[@mariumbegum7325]

Very informative video! Brilliant work

[@nicolocardozo7699]

Nice video! Thank you! Can I ask you how would you persist the state of a React native app? Would you use the same stack?

[@elenamikhaylova5086]

great explanation, i feel like i just leveled up as a UI dev

[@NeoChromer]

Needs more MobX

[@shinodinhaa]

WIth Jotai, you can create a custom hook to expose some custom functions for it based on the actual value of the atom, instead of just using the useAtom directly in your code.

[@Shortly8908]

Nice video by the way, really informative. But I have a question. Let's say I'm using tanstack query infinite scroll, how do you handle data list after CRUD? Do you just invalidate the cache so it will refetch the update data? If you have article regarding this, can you link it to me please!!!.

[@CadisDiEtrama000]

I heard you mention this in a couple of videos, but what do you mean when you say "write code outside React"? Do you mean outside the project but it's still connected to the project, or inside the project but outside components, or something else...? @31:02

[@EdwinMartin]

Code outside react is all code on the page that’s not dependent of react. It’s run outside the render tree (and outside the router). If you remove react from the page, the code still runs.

[@lucabaxter4002]

I was surprised when you mentioned 2 of my favourites state managament libs! Jotai is amazing, it is so scalable! One thing tho Theo, what if i have to sync data from the server with serverSideProps to the client state in Jotai ? i tried it a while back and is a bit confusing the way you have to use useHydrateAtoms from Jotai. Do you have any suggestions or would you mind to explain it in a following video?

[@andresvalenzuela]

Thank you for sharing your knowledge, I'm learning a lot with your videos. You give valuable and well explained information.

[@franmastromarino]

Damn! now I want to refactor all my projects with redux. Thanks for this video Theo

[@kalahari8295]

Learnt tons of concepts ❤️

[@Liz3_]

redux us very verbose yes, but points in this video like zustand to be used outside of react are easily doable with redux. what i like about redux is the way it handles updates which can be n to n. a action can update 1 reducers or 60.

[@almasayap9744]

This saved me a lot of time! Thank you!

[@ashharkausar413]

Thank you for these instructive videos.

[@zsambokiattila9765]

I am a junior engineer and I cant belive what I am seeing...

[@davorinrusevljan6440]

I'll certainly look into that, but at first: why would I use/learn 3 more things instead of redux?

[@danielhodapp8703]

Rtk & rtk query are a strong combination for production apps. Maybe have a look.

[@Krzysiekoy]

Yeah, RTK Query is really good.

[@SeanLazer]

I've been using RTK-Query for about a year but I may migrate to React Query. I see hardly anyone talking about RTKQ which means a lot more open source effort is going into RQ.

[@KazimKassam]

I'm fairly new to React and I loved this video for explaining the different types of state. I did have one question - you said that UseMutation can alter the data on the server, is this with any server running any database? Could I alter a value on a Firestore DB using UseMutation for example? Or does it only work with certain backends?

[@yb3985]

Hey Theo. I wonder, what's font you are using???

[@bhushanpatil1760]

In jotai to just increment the state you can use derived atoms which can just update the state just by calling the increment function without any paramter.

[@NikolajLepka]

yo zustand is really cool thanks for showing it off!

[@BosonCollider]

In the preact world, Jotai = preact signals, and zustand = deepsignal

[@vikingthedude]

Great breakdown of the different state management tools. What do you think of SWR by vercel? It's meant to solve the same state-sync challenges like react-query. But idk if it's as good or better than react-query

[@suckerformimi]

Zustand is wonderfully simple and un-opinionated and works inside and outside of React components. Unfortunately I couldn't find an undo package that works with multiple slices. Zundo works with a single slice. I stuck with a single slice rather than going back to Redux.

[@Ebiko]

So, I think all those usecases are often limited to server - client GUI communication things. I'm currently trying to develop a cool functional Sudoku app, to learn this stuff. And within this lies the issue. (I also have a similar app, which needs a similar kind of state management, since I haven't thought of something better yet) For the sudoku game itself, I currently use a big useReducer inside a Context, it works, but I also realize that it's massive calculation stuff I don't need, since the game (sudoku board, and sub components involved) constantly are recalculated. In case of the sudoku it's not this much of an issue, but still. Is there a good solution for a regularly changing state, that is needed by a bigger amount of components ?

[@cool_scatter]

I wish I had seen this before spending a day adding Zustand to manage my server state.. rewrite time I guess

[@docmars]

"You can't stop using Redux." Never did. 😎

[@ScottNimos]

Thank you! I don't understand why its such a cluster fuck out there. It finally clicked watching your video

[@ibrahimmohammed3484]

I do have a use case where i need to store large amount of data in memory around array of 700k objects and multiple instances of the same dataset from reading files in the browser, had my experiments with the following libraries ranked by performance issues i have faced for such type of app: same codebase - same functions - same environment ( just replacing the state manager ) Valito, dead simple but absolute trash performance (app crashes totally). Jotai, simple but laggy performance and hiccups in data loading. easy-peasy, simple, very friendly syntax, uses redux under the hood, amazing performance and devtools support but 9kb bundle size. Zustand, don't like the syntax but performance is solid and only 1kb bundle size.

[@dealloc]

Storing 700k objects in memory within JS is a great indicator for optimization. At that point you should resort to storing it in IndexedDB and then retrieve a slice based on navigation, pagination or viewport (i.e. virtualized list). Store only what you need to show to the user in UI. In case you retrieve the data from a remote server, you should not send all 700k objects at once. Only store and fetch what is needed to render, because it can quickly result in poor UX both in terms of performance but also bandwidth, especially if those objects needs to be mutated as well.

[@ibrahimmohammed3484]

@@dealloc although i haven't played with indexdb or other browser based storage before but thanks for pointing them out but unfortunately this app is a visualization app which actually needs the full dataset to be available all at once and the app would even handel far more objects of data or multiple instances of the same dataset. Zustand handles it just fine, redux based solutions but for sure you can't run away from actual memory usage bounds for the user hardware. Just thought it's a good example to put someone in perspective about some of the state managers I've used.

[@pallas6708]

do you share your notes on these kind of takes or rants. i would like to look around those notes if it's possible . Great content btw .

[@t3dotgg]

They’re available on my Patreon

[@lakshbharani6900]

use me as an agree button - Flutter: "Stop caring about all this and just start coding" 😌

[@vnm_8945]

bery cool, I knew about Recoil, didn't know about Jotai and Zustand, subscribed and will subscribe on Twitch, too.

[@Libturd]

The disrespect to anything redux is real, specifically redux toolkit. If you need everything you mentioned above, you can opt for rtk.

[@t3dotgg]

RTK is great! If you’re already using redux it’s hard to beat. Just want to discourage new devs from doing greenfield work on it

[@Libturd]

@@t3dotgg true, and the bundle size is quite big compared to these other libraries

[@name_less227]

Loving the rants. This was helpful. I have a question. Say I'm making a query filter.. I was using jotai along with updating query params at the same time on every query change. Then I decided there is no point of using jotai and am using query params as the state. For instance, when the page is first loaded it reads the query params and applies to the select / dropdowns / etc. On any changes by the user, it directly updates the url query and then a useeffect forces a rer-ender. Just wondering if it is an option to only use query params as the local state in this case? Thanks.

[@dealloc]

Depends. As long as it doesn't pollute the query params with unrelated state that has nothing to do with the specific page, and you want an easy way to hydrate your initial state, then use query params to hold the state.

[@name_less227]

@@dealloc Thank you. I don't think there will be any other params on the page besides those. What would be a better way to do it? Is it necessary to setQueryData on the queryclient at the same time, after every query change and initial page load?

[@dealloc]

​@@name_less227 I don't think I would use React Query to manage query params state, since query params should be the source of truth and reading/updating them is synchronous. React Query would just add another layer and complexity. I would write hooks that can sync with the query params, and if I needed the optimisation, have a way to select individual params to avoid unnecessary re-rendering from changes to unrelated params. React Query only really makes sense in contexts of asynchronous queries (fetching) and mutations (execution).

[@archmad]

It is a good way for filters, search, and with shareable urls. So you have to plan and decide these things ahead

[@SonAyoD]

Great video, thank you!

[@leoravilo2812]

Update from the future : With new Server Components, your example with the initial default value is now questionnable Personally I hate Redux and I'm glad we can more and more put it away

[@moodynoob]

Jotai and recoil are very similar but Jotai has a simpler API. However Recoil has more advanced features and nearly twice the number of stars, so I'm not sure I'd confidently declare Jotai as the winning horse between the two.

[@t3dotgg]

Recoil has had a nasty memory leak for months now. Redux has more stars than the rest combined. Far from a good measurement lol

[@moodynoob]

Ok I'm wrong with my comment. It's still not production ready (been v0 for a while) and I failed to consider that.

[@wiiktor1393]

Awesome video! You have presented it very well!!!

[@TheCameltotem]

Honestly redux is such an edge case and coming from the backend and .NET way of making frontends I see Redux as such an overengineerd solution to most peoples project. You can solve a lot of things with plain url params, local/session storage or just GOD forbid you make an request to the server again.. I have played around some with react query and I find it really good and I hope people start using it more.

[@scottselke6923]

An OOP dev calling a functional programming library over-engineered 😂

[@TheCameltotem]

@@scottselke6923 It has nothing to do with OOP vs Functional programming. I'm saying people are putting way too much server state in local state and while its easy to retrive it does come with a buttload of problems on its own.

[@scottselke6923]

@@TheCameltotem People misusing the library tho does not make Redux over-engineered. That’s just an improper understanding of client-side state ( ui ) vs server-side state ( data / data-flow ). Redux allows you to store decoupled, globally available state and employs the middleware pattern for greater control of actions + side-effects. Most people shit on Redux without even understanding it. Also - Redux is overkill for small applications and pet projects. It shines in large or enterprise-level applications.

[@TheCameltotem]

@@scottselke6923 Yeah Im in no way saying Redux is over-engineered. It's a fantastic solution for when you need it and just like you say it's often not needed in small applications therefor my rant. I just don't like the idea when developers just turn to Redux without even knowing why or how. I think we actually agree with eachother.

[@scottselke6923]

@@TheCameltotem Damn I understand you now dog - you meant an over-engineered implementation to easy problems. We G 👍

[@afifdev]

Hi Theo, i'm always see your videos, i have a request for you, can you explain about SWR from vercel? and make a comparation between SWR and useQuery, which better?

[@haidarezio]

he made a livestream last night that talked about this

[@afifdev]

@@haidarezio Whoa, ok noted that, thank you in advance, theo

[@manou1409]

I have to strongly disagree with this. Jotai, Zustand, Recoil, Valtio all target global states (defined in the global scope). They miss the most powerful point IMO : each piece of state belongs logically to one component, and should be destroyed when that component unmounts. With Zustand you can create a store inside a component, it will be destroyed when the component unmounts so that's already a little bit better, but the state cannot be easily turned into a get param, or stored in local storage. With useState + context, you stay inside the hooks paradigm, and with the right abstractions, it's a one-line change to transform a state into a get param, local storage, or even server state. So your code stays flexible. Also your Zustand store inside a component cannot depend on the component's props. With useState + context, your state and state updaters can.

[@sadique_x_]

i couldn't make this guy out in 2024, the moustache

[@CaleMcCollough]

I'm working towards the Script2 React State manager but I need C++ volunteers first. The Chinese Room Abstract Stack (Crabs) Machine that powers Script2 can be in any language.

[@EpicManTv]

any thoughts about effector?

[@RyanTipps]

dang Jotai is pretty cool, thanks for sharing

[@alexfoxy]

I’m curious to hear your thoughts on mobx. I love it but it doesn’t seem that popular considering how simple it is.

[@brandonj5557]

Been using Mobx & `makeAutoObservable` is such a game changer for my application

[@smajdovamanka]

Seconded, MobX is such pleasure to use. Observables fit with the React model perfectly. Idk why something like this is not built in. This library "solved" React state like 6 years ago already yet people just talk about inferior clones like Zustand

[@NeoChromer]

@@smajdovamanka To be honest I wanted to rant about your comment, but then I saw zustand and I'm like, MobX is the best thing out there currently

[@alexfoxy]

@@smajdovamanka spot on

[@ursochurrasqueira]

I've used Mobx in flutter and is incredibly good

[@pedropereira3270]

Valtio or Zustand are my go to for state.

[@user-bx5zi1mv5t]

Any comment on when it might be necessary to reach for something like urql or apollo client where you get the benefit of a normalized state and ability of updating the cache without invalidating queries? I know react-query talks about normalization not being necessary but have you ran into situations or know of any common situations where normalization is useful?

[@t3dotgg]

Normalization is as useful as your GraphQL schema is good. Front end developers are not the ones who get to choose how good the schema is (100% dependent on backend). React Query was built to give the DX of Apollo without the cost of GraphQL. It has almost entirely eradicated the usecase for gql clients for me. The normalization and cache management in Apollo is also slow as hell and takes a TON of CPU cycles to make basic changes. If you have a very specific architecture problem solved by GraphQL as well as a specific UX problem solved by normalization, it's...fine? But generally best to avoid the huge costs to get there.

[@user-bx5zi1mv5t]

@@t3dotgg Understandable. Great explanation and great video. Thanks for the response!

[@MrDima123123]

Why not MobX instead of those?

[@omri9325]

Did I miss the part where Mobx was mentioned?

[@Vicky-wj7vw]

In an atomic state we can only have one state with the use of an atom family this will not rerender your all data and components.

[@oleksiikobziev9842]

Meantime one angular developer cried in the corner.

[@RossPfeiffer]

D.o.D. engineer chiming into t3 for tech tips

[@jelooJusta]

I'm using react-query for APIs and hookstate for the rest global state management. Still have to use redux on legacy projects

[@BenniK88]

Still the best state management video. But talking about all use cases auth state was a bit left behind. Which of the solutions would you use for session/ user state. Zustand, React Query or still stay with Context? I guess Jotai is not the right chose for this?

[@Andreas-gh6is]

I think RTK + RTK Query is a powerful combination for auth management. The problem today is that there is no simple logged in / logged out state. You need to keep the tokens somewhere. You need to request multiple tokens, refresh them, request additional scopes and so on. That's why I don't like hooks-based authorization and prefer thunks or sagas for handling such things. Zustand or Jotai may be equally useful. In general though I don't like using chains of useEffect (or custom hooks) to define async behavior.

[@shawnradke]

Did theo remove the folder structure rant he had?

[@NicolasSilvaVasault]

i just realize me and a colleague pretty much created a jotai eske state manager for our apps