These Slavic ADJECTIVES are... USELESS (?)

🔹When learning a Slavic language, we are quickly confronted with adjectives. And one day, we end up learning that there are also... short adjectives. What are they for ? It's still a bit of a mystery. In this video we review the different current Slavic languages ​​(Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Rosyn, Polish, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian) to show how each of these languages ​​manages the inheritance of short and long adjectival forms, whose original logic has often faded. The South Slavic languages ​​differ in this respect from the East and West Slavic languages, which function in a similar way.
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🔹Structure of the video:
0:00 Logic of origin of short and long adjectives
1:03 South Slavic languages ​​VS East and West Slavic languages
1:30 Short adjectives in South Slavic languages
4:31 Short adjectives in Serbian and Croatian
5:32 Short adjectives in Slovenian
6:14 The real use of short adjectives in Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian
7:19 A surprising use of short adjectives in Croatian and Serbian
9:39 The specificity of Bulgarian and Macedonian
10:42 Short adjectives in East and West Slavic languages
#Slavic_languages ​​#Slavic_linguistics #historical_grammar #comparative_linguistics #Slavistics #Czech #Polish #Croatian #Ukrainian

[@prado1205]

i'm no scholar mais je dois dire que tes vidéos sont toujours très intéressantes ! j'adore le fait que tu rentres souvent dans le détail tout en restant facile à comprendre :)) le rythme est parfait et on a le temps d'assimiler le contenu avant de passer à autre chose

[@Rozum-Razum_Slavic-linguistics]

Oh merci ! Je crois que c'est le plus beau compliment qu'on puisse faire à mes vidéos, en tout cas c'est vraiment ce que je cherche à faire, et bien souvent je me demande si j'y arrive vraiment :)

[@UniversdOsiris]

Bravo pour le travail fourni !!

[@Rozum-Razum_Slavic-linguistics]

Merci !

[@Slovenist972]

I find it interesting, that the short form is the most common in Slovenian, it seems. Although in some dialects (especially Eastern) the long form is preferred, but I still think most of Slovenians use the short form, and to emphasize the long form I think we add "ta". For example "hiter" (fast), "ta hitri" (the fast one).

[@Rozum-Razum_Slavic-linguistics]

If, in the future, the use of ta with the long form was to be systematic and entered in the grammatical norm, then it would look more and more like what they have in Macedonian!

[@Slovenist972]

@@Rozum-Razum_Slavic-linguistics I think Slovenian standard language is very conservative (and I like that, btw), so I don't think 'ta' will be introduced any time soon. We're still using infinitive on -ti and -či, which are in most of Slovenia aside from Prlekija and Prekmurje considered archaic and changed to -t and -č (or even -čt). Then we have the supine which nobody uses and I'm not even sure when was the last time that it was common (maybe in 972 AD?). We also dropped the i- from imeti, most of Slovenia uses meti (again I believe aside from Prekmurje), but then you still have words like imetje and imovina which would be using the old form. As far as I know, Czechs went through the same 3 changes, but adjusted their standard language, but Slovenes still live in the 16th century :) Btw, I would love to bring back solnce and srdce, but it will never happened. I did find one example "solnčni dan" in a book from the 1930s. So 100 years ago some still wrote the l, but the l was actually silent. Anyway, I am rambling now, sorry.

[@kincs38]

Thank you for a great and clear video! I am just a bit sorry for Mirko, that you keep bullying him like that. 😀I hope he gets better and maybe next time he will correct you on something. It is very interesting to see afterlife of long and short adjective forms after losing their original determinate/indeterminate distinction. I couldn´t find any one single rule determining what short adjectives are preserved and what aren´t, but here are few observations from Czech (and Slovak). 1. Other than nominativ case forms have disappeared and are preserved only in few phrases, such as "na bíle dni" (often as one word - nabíledni), where "bíle" is a locative form. 2. Syntactically it is, as you said, almost always an attribute connected with verbs být (or mít) ("to be", "to have"), which makes it often identical with passive participles in Czech. In your case of "vinen" it is for example impossible to distinguish if it is a passive participle form of "vinit" or a short adjective form. 3. Similarity of the short-adjective form with verb forms doesn´t end here, since some adjectives derived from verbs have the same form in transgressives ("přechodníky", that are not used anymore in Slovak, and only in a very limited way in Czech), e.g. masc. sg. past transgressiv "žízniv" = the short vowel form. I think this similarity could have boosted the "passing state" meaning you were speaking about in your video, since the past transgressive are implicitely dynamic ("žízniv jsem vyhledal nejbližší pramen vody") One conclusion is that the short adjectives became much more verbal-like, what can be shown through the fact that almost all the short adjectives that are used until now (in Czech, mostly) have noun/preposition-phrase arguments (or kind of quasi-valency), examples: genitive: vědom, schopen, pln, prost, syt, dalek, ochoten instrumental: jist, vinen prepositional phrase: hotov In Slovak, there are almost no short adjectives nowadays (I found only archaic dlžen, hoden, vinen), what can be explained by the loss of similar verb forms (both passive participles and transgressives!). One more observation, that in my opinion supports my thesis of the verb direction of change of short adjectives: In Czech you cannot form short adjectives from those adjectives that have material, locational, or colour meaning; what are ironically typical responses to Serbo-Croatian "what kind of" (kakav). Those are actually prototypical adjectives, carrying no verbal meaning at all and having no arguments.

[@kincs38]

Footnote: sometimes there is a meaning split observable in the long/short adjectives disjunction: "hodný" can mean "good" or "worthy of", but short adjective "hoden (+ gen.)" means only "worthy of" (it has lost the other meaning, since "to be good" has semantically no arguments).

[@Rozum-Razum_Slavic-linguistics]

You're totally right about Mirko, and Bohumil is surely a little responsible for his crisis in the end of the video. But there is a lot more videos to come and I have faith in Mirko's capacity to correct Bohumil on something in the future. What you said about "na bíle dni" reminds me of one example of the use of a short adjectif in Croatian, also in a fixed expression: usred bijela dana. I guess these short adjectives (in their declined form) can be still found in their original role more or less only in these few fixed expressions! What you told about the fact short adjectives are used in a verbal-like way is very interesting and would explain a lot. If I understand well, it may not apply to every short adjective (like zdráv, for example), but it would go hand in hand with the fact that the short adjectives that survived had a little "something different" to maintain them in life. And indeed your theory would explain why the adjectives for colours, materials and such cannot be found as short adjectives in Czech, and more generally in West and East Slavic languages anymore. As for Slovak, yes, as far as I know, the only 3 short adjectives that still exist are the one you wrote.