This Is Where NASA Will Build The First MARS Colony!

A new planetary discovery about this amazing location changes NASA's plan to colonize Mars. This is where NASA will build the first Mars colony.
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[@thedamnedatheist]

The best idea is to dig a colony into the valley walls, or look for lava tubes. The area should be rich in minerals as well.

[@Preciouspink]

I was wondering that too,or specifically where exactly in that God forsaken ditch is most advantageous for surviving a rescue hold out,like when (Shackleton left the boys on that sprig of a rock up in the Arctic)back to the Earthly realm.

[@patclark2186]

@@Preciouspink Shackleton! I had forgotten that heretic tale of survivable.. That's the kind of people who should be in the first few ships. . Elon Musk should advertise for people of acton who want low pay, great danger, adventure and a high chance of dying .

[@TheMighty_T]

I've been pointing out the Valles Marinares as a good spot for over a decade. Radiation and meteor strikes will be the biggest dangers for humans on Mars. Being down in these canyons will provide essential natural protection for any base, building into the wall itself might also be possible? Then you have a best spot example for any attempts to propagate plants or experiment with water etc. Nice they found water-ice near these locations, that is a huge bit of good luck 👍

[@mervstash3692]

You've been pointing it out? Or you are parroting what someone else pointed out? They didn't find ice near it, They speculate there could be small amounts of ice under the crust after recent scans. No where near the volume which could be extracted on mass. The only place they can do that is at the poles. Also, plants won't grow there. Not unless you are going to bring all the soil from Earth too

[@djohannsson8268]

Hydroponics and vertical plant farming. The only issue is maintaining and controlling temperature and internal atmosphere in the Mars food growing terrariums. That will require electrical power. Being it's a closed system everything is recycled. So you will need a few tons of chemical nutrients and enough water to start with.

[@_BLACKSTAR_]

Ya too bad the govt is no longer of by and for the people.Its an oligarchy deep state machine that wants to fund endless wars and man made viruses so the companys who produce war machines and vaccines can profit off of tax dollars that are printed out of thin air and added to the ridiculous national debt.

[@Uchetysx5]

Cloud cities on Venus would be nice too

[@johndavidmyself8039]

Had them on the planet Mongo, I believe.

[@nightlightabcd]

Actually, no it wouldn't! The cost would far exceed any benefit that could possibly be gained! Same with the moon and Mars!

[@Tarquinthetyrant]

@@nightlightabcdtf do you care about the cost, you’re not paying for it

[@jusu8961]

mars and venus have a magnetosphere and atmosphere that protect people from solar radiation

[@GreyDeathVaccine]

@@nightlightabcd The thing is... benefit you are talking about is survival of the human race. Costs don't matter.

[@linus3dOfficial]

I'm going to watch the video right now. Just want to say that I love your content. Here and on Tesla Space. Good stuff!!!!

[@moxnix1026]

Another thing I find fascinating is the proponderance of methane gas emitted from the surface at night. There just may be life underground.

[@the_new_project]

Fuel ready to go.

[@masteroutlaw100]

The real tell tale gas would be hydrogen sulfide, which they've also found there

[@moxnix1026]

@@masteroutlaw100 Another tell tale gas. Yes. They are two peas in a pod. Methane and H2S. Both produced in anoxic environments.

[@clayongunzelle9555]

We are going to need a different term to replace "sea level" when we get to Mars😅

[@jerthon1]

Surface level, The average level of the whole surface.

[@zackmakesstuff]

VML (Valles Marineres Level), the lowest point on Mars's surface.

[@geradkavanagh8240]

I think there is already a scientific agreement on that. Just still mapping and refining the Datum as new missions arrive at Mars.

[@palabinash]

Those white reflections in the video are very very distracting.

[@ryanfurness8943]

Yep, totally agree. They're not aesthetically pleasing at all. Just irritating and disruptive.

[@killeresk]

Would be good to find a section that has a cave or lava tube.

[@geradkavanagh8240]

I guess you read the Red Mars series as well?

[@SebastianWellsTL]

Such an amazing goal!

[@brookestephen]

winds on the flat plains blow away all the regolith, leaving a thin veneer behind... while in the deep channels, you have thick dunes of regolith, and regolith is best for 3d printing radiation protection over habitats.

[@the_new_project]

Well it looks like a great place. Can’t wait to go.

[@NicoA47]

The current video title is kinda misleading.

[@aienthusiast618]

not really, he said where the best location would be

[@NicoA47]

@@aienthusiast618 I get that, it is not totally off, but the video title pretty clearly made me expect some actual plans from NASA: "This is where NASA _will_ build the first Mars colony!"

[@aaaaa5272]

Not "kinda"!! I will say "totally" misleading. NASA has currently no such plans in this region.

[@Fuglygo2hellfuck]

​@@aaaaa5272hmmmmm bold statement how 🤔 curious 🤔

[@Fuglygo2hellfuck]

​@@NicoA47you don't really pay much attention or follow space x or nasa news do you does Elon musk ring a bell or are you just deliberately ignoring him so you can put your pointless point across 🤔

[@MarcBossYT]

We have to call it Happy Valley (from the show for all mankind)

[@Axemantitan]

Valles Marineris has about the same volume as the Mediterranean Sea.

[@patclark2186]

Thanks . Very helpful

[@Warchin007]

Great Video !!! Love it! A whole new World to Develop! I have Vizulized A half dozen large bases and rocket ports. A few Huge cities all connected by hyperloops. A gatway space station and a Satellite constellation network around the whole planet .👍

[@johnstewart579]

Thank you for this educational video. The deep canyons and buried glacier ice on Mars provides the best opportunities for humans first colony.

[@geradkavanagh8240]

Glacial ice is all speculation. Won't know till actual drill cores are conducted. Possible yes, probable , maybe. Known , totally unknown at the moment.

[@trevinom69]

wouldn't the deep canyons also offer up protection against cosmic/solar radiation? Like meteors, radiation that hits at and angle would be absorbed by the canyon walls, only radiation hitting close to 90 degrees would get through, which would, in my estimation, be a considerable reduction.

[@folawemiadeyemi1528]

Lovely vid😊

[@rgberry69]

brilliant video. Thanks.

[@KeliJust]

Stellar episode man.

[@faithannryan9083]

Getting excited to explore Mars!

[@ThomasTomiczek]

Way more relevant: Where will SpaceX build the first Mars colony?

[@scottmari]

The Boring Company is working on automated tunneling equipment. Tesla is working on Optimus. Pretty sure these will be the first passengers.

[@travishylton6976]

has anything space x said come true yet man on mars by 2024 or 1 million by 2050?

[@nickl5658]

Somewhere nice and flat... a plain as the tall Starship rockets cannot land without tipping over.

[@TalismancerM]

Musk won't get what he wants...there's no way the US govt will just let him just build his own independent Mars Epstein Island as the 1st colony on the planet.

[@Fatbaddie24]

@@travishylton6976well 2050 hasn’t happened yet

[@McClarinJ]

FYI, "mesa" is pronounced MAY-sa.

[@cacogenicist]

You're right that it isn't /’mɛ.sə/ -- but it also isn't quite /ˈmeɪ.sə/. The initial vowel is steady, not a dipthong as in "pay." Not the vowel in "met" and not the vowel(s) in "may." This assumes we're talking about Spanish pronunciation.

[@Dead_Kerbal]

@@cacogenicist *Nerds* 😂😂

[@aienthusiast618]

@@Dead_Kerbal he knows his stuff though

[@MagicToenail]

It's mesa, not may-sa

[@salarrue78]

wrong, it is a Spanish word. May-sa is how english westerners pronounce it.

[@joeker1013]

One problem with the temperature is that it is 20 degrees at the surface. With the atmosphere so thin the temperature could be 0 degrees at six foot.

[@geradkavanagh8240]

Once you heat the ground underneath it will basically hold the temperature.

[@joeker1013]

@@geradkavanagh8240 ?

[@TimLauridsen]

Great video, thanks

[@billorcg7779]

Very enjoyable episode, I had not heard about the water discovery. Just fix the transitions…

[@okidokidraws]

Ive always said a canyon with a sheet of some sort of glass material would be better and cheaper then a domed city since I first got into outer space stuff. Be more easy mine right there then having to dig down a lot too.

[@nem447]

The best series of books on the colonization of Mars is by Kim Stanley Robinson: _'Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars.'_ Although it's science fiction it uses real science, and still holds up incredibly well thirty years after the first book....(1993)

[@MrFranklitalien]

only concern I might have with settling the noctis labyrinth might be the potential landslides of gigantic proportions, aside from that catastrophic point of failure it looks like a perfect place to settle

[@arthurwagar88]

Interesting. Thanks.

[@Tron-Jockey]

The canyon Valles Marineris is very deep and the atmospheric pressure would be increasingly greater as one descends into it. This could allow a lifting body type space vehicle (like the Sierra Space Dream Chaser Spaceplane), to be used as a reusable re-entry vehicle requiring far less fuel for a mission to Mars. The atmosphere over all is quite thin and landing speed would be very high but with a landing strip that could easily exceed 2000 miles in length this wouldn't necessarily be an issue.

[@cool_space1]

oh thats why i found so many materials in that spot when i was playing a colony game.

[@Cool5380]

Why not save earth insted?

[@jjhpor]

That is so boring. If you keep your eyes focused on the pointless far away adventure you don't have to address every day reality. Human love to make a mess and move on instead of cleaning up after themselves.

[@olddog-fv2ox]

Lava tubes would be the go, protection from cosmic rays, meteorites, cheaper to seal sections off to maintain atmospheric pressure

[@ronschlorff7089]

Good one, one of the best, with stunning imagery. I knew about the Mariner probe to Mars so many decades ago but did not know the massive canyon was named after it, a good tid bit of knowledge. Yeah, looks like a good place to go if we do in near or long term. But for me now too old, so it is only an "interesting thing". Sort of like knowing there are tigers and polar bears in wilds of this planet. I will never see them but glad we still have them, for now. Same with Mars, a nice place to visit maybe, plant a flag and get back home. Like the moon was too, decades ago. Good place for adventurous souls who may want to make a quick buck, mining or something to do with space science, and get home to spend it. See the great old sci fi movie "Outland" starring Sean Connery in a non-007 James Bond role for an example of that, on, I think, the Jupiter moon Io, where he was the local "sheriff" in town/colony!! Cheers! :D

[@richb2229]

The canyon and lava tubes are potentially good places to start a colony. They would provide some protection and some resources that will be needed to survive. Also human activity will create a thicker atmosphere, which would maximize the potential for these locations.

[@rais1953]

Covered habitats will need their own atmospheres. It's unlikely that there will ever be a planet-wide dense atmosphere since the frozen CO2 covering the polar water ice is only a few metres deep. Vaporising all of it wouldn't double the present atmospheric pressure.

[@RGF19651]

Even if activities produced gases to. Oldster the thin Martian atmosphere, it would sooner or later be blown away by the solar wind, since Mars does not have a magnetic field.

[@OhShiitakeMushrooms]

Can we just rename the canyon as the "butt crack of mars"?

[@RougeCheeseit]

Lol

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

looks more like a light saber gash

[@ronschlorff7089]

@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Could be!! We have no reference as to the scale of those Star Wars people who lived "a long time ago in a galaxy far away"!!

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

@@ronschlorff7089 "The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant compared to the force"

[@MrFranklitalien]

mArse Crack

[@Hogger280]

NASA's plan to colonize Mars?! LMAO That's a good one. NASA can't get out of its own cost plus rut! If anyone at all can colonize mars, it will be Space X !

[@ronschlorff7089]

Yup, soon as they get to get it to stop blowing up, RUD'ing, and burning up on reentry. Yup they got this, for sure!! That's a good one!!!! LOL LOL LOL :D

[@Dead_Kerbal]

@@ronschlorff7089 Im sold! Were do i get my 100.000 dollars pre-paid vouchers for dat first X ship landing there? Ticketmasters?

[@rodrigooliveiraborges4269]

We won't see man set foot on Mars in our lifetime, perhaps in 200 years. I believe that all efforts will be on the moon, especially if China manages to create a colony first.

[@mervstash3692]

Don't quit your day job at the Urinal cake taste testing factory

[@Dead_Kerbal]

@@mervstash3692 Sorry i was busy processing your order. Its already in shipping now. You said anything there, buddy?

[@cracknoir8397]

We probably stuffed up Mars in the 1st place on the way to Earth then we realized Eatth is a back water planet

[@itzamia]

Our new home? Yeah let's leave Earth for a planet that has already been through the apocalypse and never recovered.

[@detroitjack0325]

Where is NASA going to come up with all this money for these Martian projects? As a near bankrupt nation, we don't have the money to take care of the crumbling infrastructure on Earth and we are going to colonize Mars?

[@itzamia]

@@detroitjack0325 You got that right. The money could fix failing infrastructure, feed the poor, health care etc

[@MagicToenail]

@@detroitjack0325We aren't the only nation on the entire planet 😂. You don't think Europe won't land there spacecraft on Mars?

[@detroitjack0325]

@@MagicToenailThe United States is on the verge of bankruptcy. Europe is no better financially. Europe for the last century has depended on the United States for major financial assistance. If and when the United States goes under, so does Europe! If anyone who might colonize Mars it will be China, not the United States! The U.S. can't afford to repair or rebuild our deteriorating major infrastructure, so how are we going to afford to colonize Mars?

[@SPotter1973]

Just wait they will blame whitey for Mats being barren.

[@cacogenicist]

There is in fact a LOT of water ice at mid latitudes also. More papers are coming out on this caldera complex. Fascinating location. Tons of water almost certainly, and probably some really interesting mineralization. I joked to one of the scientists who discovered this that it would be funny if there were enormous epithermal copper/silver/gold deposits around the ring fractures -- because no plate tectonics, so the same area of crust has remained over the hotspot for vastly longer than would be the case on Earth -- and he didn't object to the speculation. Said there's mineralization in the area that hasn't been characterized yet. Elevation is a little high as far as ease of landing while not making a crater.

[@kensears5099]

How wonderful it will be when we take over Mars and transform the whole planet into a second Earth--green, breathable, self-sustaining. Something to live for. I'm 66. I've decided to live to 300,. It's what gets me out of bed in the morning. Well, that and my need to pee.

[@jaywalker1233]

Makes great sci-if. Sadly, one third gravity means that’s all it will be

[@xepRob]

As a Planet Crafter player, I believe they should build on the higher elevations. Just sayin.

[@mieczyslawherba2723]

Good choice!

[@belledetector]

This is one of the best videos you’ve made so far EXCEPT for the very disturbing “slide show“ whiteout transition effect used. It’s almost unwatchable and a real shame. You should re-edit with fade to black or just blend in transitions and re-upload. Seriously!!

[@olddog-fv2ox]

Ive read that the valleys occurred from the shrinking of the planet as its mantle and core cooled

[@4Everlast]

100% SF Still waiting on a camera on the Moon and those hotels promised 50 fkn years ago.

[@johndavidmyself8039]

An important issue to resolve, first - is Mars flat like the Earth?

[@Dead_Kerbal]

Didn't you pay attention? It's egg shaped!

[@t4mor4]

Titan video about NASA's Dragonfly would be interesting?

[@jacquesjtheripper5922]

Reminds me to go back playing surviving mars game.😁

[@geradkavanagh8240]

Given the depth and increased atmospheric pressure, Valles Marinaris is probably the ideal place for a foothold permanent settlement. Air scavenger equipment won't have to work as hard. Pressure suits won't have to be overly engineered. Landing inside the valley may have to wait a bit until landings can be guaranteed within 1 kilometre of expected destination. I wonder what interesting geology will be uncovered then.

[@GooDogProductions]

If we ever get there...dream on...

[@jonesfarm6501]

We getting closer

[@mjbirdClavdivs]

Have you ever seen the badlands of North Dakota? That could qualify as a chaotic terrain.

[@Bobby-dh9qh]

That canyon is the perfect spot if they can Superdome the top of it. A city of a million people will need to be completely enclosed there. They can create artificial lakes and rivers with fish and birds, forests with animals like deer, sprinkler system rainfall, and nuclear powered UV lights on the dome canopy. A sustainable human civilization will need all of that.

[@Bobby-dh9qh]

Geoff Lawton students should be among the first settlers. Food forestry experts who also know all about composting and how to link the sewage system to fertile forest soil creation.

[@nepsyasudra3262]

Imagine doming over, pressurizing and making habitable that huge canyon, could potentially support more than 10 million. Edit, I meant this as a potential future prospect for humanity when we have the luxury, not too soon.

[@rodrigooliveiraborges4269]

Easier to plant trees on earth and make our planet more habitable.😂

[@mervstash3692]

Not in the next few hundred years

[@theTomster1981]

6:35 looks a bit like the alignment of the Belt of Orion or the three big pyramids of Giza..

[@naardri]

OK, I'm sold. What types and what costs are to be had in an acquisition of shares?

[@avgjoe5969]

Chaotic terrain look like badlands.

[@JohnOhkumaThiel]

42:50 As an American in Japan, this cicada "scare" is hilarious. It's far worse than that in Japan every summer. So hearing that people are contacting 911, I burst out laughing. 😂 I would love to hear their reasons for contacting 911, what threat to life and property they thought was happening, and what they expected emergency services to do about it. Cicadas are actually a great thing for Nature. It a sudden burst of food for pretty much everything bigger than a cicada. I get it that they're extremely loud, and only get louder as the weather gets hotter, but in Japan, just like earthquakes, that's life.

[@darylbrown8834]

911? Someone's making a lot of noise outside and trying to break into my house! 🤨 😆🤣

[@JohnOhkumaThiel]

@@darylbrown8834 In NYC, that's 411, and the police don't even bother to show up.

[@theodorejay1046]

Mars is not a "home" but rather a last ditch place to go if we really "F" up our real home earth 🌍

[@MattPerdeck]

How deep below the surface is this water ice? Would we need heavy equipment to get to it?

[@avgjoe5969]

Need to send up a pair of boring company tunneling machines. Build a circular colony with spinning cars to give 1g so there's no muscle/bone loss. Harvest ice, other minerals. These weigh about 1200 tons now but larger craft made in lunar orbit can manage a lightend version in pieces with a couple of transits. (Would need multiple launches from planet to orbit to get it up to the transport. (Musk envisaged an 18m dia (8x the volume/cargo) Starship. It could be built in lunar orbit.

[@markminor70]

So when they get past the international space station they figure out how to get past the Van Allen radiation belt without killing everyone

[@Judith_Remkes]

3:00 "Chaos terrain is unique to Mars and other alien worlds." You need to look up the difinition of the word 'unique'. Never mind, I'll save you the trouble, it means 'one of a kind'. There's no such thing as 'very unique' and certainly not 'unique to several different places'. It's not that difficult a word to understand, it's surprising how many people seem to have trouble with it.

[@RobertLRuisi]

Providing we make mars alive once again, that would not be the best choice for a colony

[@Preciouspink]

Human settlement Valles Marineris, or Mariner Valley.Looks more like Death Valley Days minus Ronnie Reagan.

[@keithstevens5614]

Typo - in your other video you said Mariner 9 reached Mars in 1971 and here you say 1972. Wiki says it entered Mars orbit in November 1971. Small error but you already had the right dates in your last video presentation. Write them on your hand before going to bed.

[@voomdoon]

What's that rectangle on the top right getting visible for some seconds? Watermark? There ist also other flicker. Is it all watermarks?

[@xptechmikie]

It is no mystery that the planet is growing. Just like all planets grow. The planet Mars shows perfect growth signs in that they are not worn away by water erosion. Take that into account and the mystery is solved. If there will ever become any civilization there it will need to be far below the surface where there may actually be water and where oxygen can possibly exist.

[@user-mo5hz9kp6y]

Knowing my luck if I was on the crew it'd start raining.

[@SgtShakenBake]

Can we focus on the moon colony first? We need a springboard, not a hail mary pass

[@manyinterests1961]

Hellas Planitia is my favorite

[@jaygeistkemper3061]

Can anyone recommend a scientific review of Mars surface development?

[@stephenfennell]

At 4:31 he says Mars never had plate tectonics, but at 5:16 he says tectonic activity was one of the likely causes of something or other. Either he is inconsistent or I still don't understand plate tectonics.

[@vaqueroontario]

So let's get this straight, we can't live on this planet, that is already set up for us, with an abundance of everything we need to survive, but we're going to travel millions of kilometres to live on a planet that can't support life? Okay wise guy, what's next?

[@keithposter5543]

Don't worry, it's not going to happen.

[@960456]

Way to miss the point. Mars is a contingency against human extinction. Currently, all of our eggs are in one basket. Should an asteroid or other catastrophe befall the Earth, I, for one, would like to have another place to cradle Humanity.

[@vaqueroontario]

@@keithposter5543 I'm not worried, just about human intellectual decline, lol

[@TalismancerM]

Forget gravity wells, build in space.

[@IllegallyAcquiredKIA]

Mariana trench is deeper...... just because its got some water on it dont mean it should be forgoten.

[@saumyacow4435]

NASA is not going to be building a Mars colony. It may send humans to explore, temporarily.

[@toddjacksonpoetry]

I don't understand the inability of so many space enthusiasts, starting with Elon Musk, to perpetually NOT GET IT that human habitation of space will be in rotating space colonies.

[@bluesteel8376]

They will eventually have a science outpost that will be perpetually manned with a few astronauts who rotate every 1-2 years. No one will live there permanently. At least not in this century.

[@dirtypure2023]

​@@toddjacksonpoetry You can do more than one thing in space.

[@mhughes1160]

In reality they will probably send robots 🤖 But not people . And since it would only take 80,000 years to get to Alpha Centaur face this Earth is home But I do love Science Fiction movies. LoL 😂

[@australien6611]

Exactly, Just like Antarctica

[@classic_sci_fi]

My audio-book 'Tasha Nagorski: Martian Pioneer' is set on Mars in Mariner Valley, Noctis Labyrinthus, and Olympus Mons. You'll find it here on KZbin.

[@jamesherron9969]

Other than the gravity might as well, just build it on the moon planet is no more inhabitable than the surface of the moon literally

[@MichaelWinter-ss6lx]

Avoid rare meteor impacts by exposing to occasional avalanches. Very nice. Lava tubes should exist there. Thats a much safer place to start with. 🚀🏴‍☠️🎸

[@lordgroovy738]

Why did you stop uploading podcast to iheartradio?

[@cletus2199]

Happy Valley

[@ezekielteklaking]

I wonder where the Mariner satellite got it's name from... Maybe the giant trench on earth.

[@johneberhard8412]

Is the rock found around this volcano the same as our basalt

[@replica1052]

all we need tp make it rain on mars is enough atmospheric pressure to keep water liquid in the deepest valleys - once it rains fish can survive mars nature (melt large amounts of ice with reflectors, boiloff be greenhous insulation and atmospheric pressure )

[@maxmizer002]

We could build thousands of rockets on one side of mars to start the rotation again

[@jjhpor]

@@maxmizer002 A second law problem.

[@maxmizer002]

@@jjhpor millions

[@replica1052]

@@maxmizer002 to collect asteroids before they vanish into the sun is a mission - send solar sails to alter asteroids orbits for a big mars moon for strong tidal forces

[@Youlethimhititraw]

I like the planet i live on thanks

[@MaillonRecordz]

You gotta give credit where credit is due. The idea to settle in the Valles Marinares came from the book “Queen of Heaven” by Jose Mercado Ventura.

[@danmentink3256]

I knew this 20 years ago. Before anyone else did I just analyzed the benefits took me 30 seconds after my, readsearch not just research, was done.

[@darylbrown8834]

So' all day solar power' Right?

[@michaelcain1870]

Mess-a! 😂😂😂

[@GAMER32231]

I’m watching this 39 minutes after it was uploaded

[@Dead_Kerbal]

Who cares? - It's the real question.

[@gorankozina4479]

Biggest challenge is that Mars has too small density (low gravity, no protection against radiation, water evaporate,,,

[@katehobbs2008]

Doesn’t look as though it will be NASA building the first settlement. SpaceX has the technology and the ships.

[@keithposter5543]

No it doesn't.

[@skywatcherca]

Good video

[@Dordord]

Like they are capable of doing that. Build new barriers for NY subways first. And grow up

[@Dordord]

And when you do that, would you please return the lands to the native Indians?

[@wheenishere]

scoreboard

[@Dead_Kerbal]

I was told they are working on better metro in N.Y. copycat from China. The new design will allow submarines to pass thru them too... Considering that the metro on your country kills people by drowning despite being brand new, i don't think you should point fingers to theirs just because its old and dirty. Its also stood the test of time and massive use...its not made of tofu...

[@charlybambs1895]

Would love a similar video feature on Hellas Planitia impact crater on mars, which I believe was caused by mars' head-on collision with a large asteroid that threatened existence of life on earth. I believe too, the collision caused the triangle of volcanic eruptions, including Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the solar system. These eruptions typically occurred about the opposite end of the collision impact. Earth's function as a pristine haven of life-forms, was only possible with the network of planets in the solar system and their moons acting as waste-baskets, knocking out dangerous asteroids. Our solar system (as the rest of our milky-way galaxy and entire universe) is clearly not evolutionary (random), but a God-designed system making existence of life on earth possible. Mars' purpose is clearly not human habitation and our attempts to live there are as revolutionary as turning a rest-room into a kitchen.

[@Sparticulous]

I just feel like ceres would be a better choice. Mars is already true dry, its atmosphere is practically all but not there, and its soil is toxic. Ceres has less of a gravity well. It is a planetary core so has valuable materials near the surface. Can easily go and drag and drop nearby asteroids on it for processing. A colony needs to be subterranean either one. Can import ice from closer gas planet rings.

[@moviesnovelas2915]

you should get some h20 there oxygen is next