Thonis Herakleion: The Sunken City of the Pharaohs

[@geographicstravel]

Have you checked out my latest channel Business Blaze? It's interesting business stories with a dose of ridiculousness thrown in. Check it out here: kzbin.info/door/YY5GWf7MHFJ6DZeHreoXgw

[@alanscottholmes8913]

I enjoy all of your channels. Topical, informative and easy to listen to with the right amount of humour :)

[@jayayerson8819]

Catamarans were invented by the Polynesians, not by some Egyptologist's grandfather. I like your work, would you like me to proofread your scripts? (Not a serious offer but please fact check)

[@thehammer800]

Stop using CE and BCE they make no sense. We go from BC to AD bc of Jesus birth. No other reason. Even if you dont believe in Jesus divinity if you have any sense at all you know he is a true historical figure. Stop giving into woke BS that makes no sense just bc of the hatred of Christianity. You are a historical channel act like one. This is coming from on of your biggest fans. Have literally seen 70-80% of your channels videos

[@jayayerson8819]

@@thehammer800 calling it 'the year of our lord' is offensive both to the idea of freedom of religion and to the ten commandments, specifically taking the lord's name in vain. Some older Christian churches don't even use the same year. So, Common Era is used because not only do most religions not use the Gregorian calendar, but the date of Jesus' birth is disputed.

[@jayayerson8819]

@Jens van roy I've never followed an Abrahamic religion and as a non-European the details of ecclesiastical Latin escape me. Basing the official naming convention for time on the assumption that Jesus was messiah is subtly offensive to all those who do not share that faith, as it implies everyone else is wrong - in law. It's normal, I'm not upset, but it's still something people need to stop doing. Oh wait, in more than half the world, it's not normal and they use Common Era.

[@jamieking4261]

Simon Whistler's voice is so common place around our house that when our family were planning an invite list for a wedding recently, my dad wrote wrote his name down because he 'feels like part of the family'

[@geographicstravel]

:D amazing

[@edwardjosephx]

@@geographicstravel you should have gotten an invite

[@Coffee4two2008]

My 10 year old walks into the room and says, " Simon again" while rolling his eyes and emphasizing again!

[@greazyviking9065]

@@Coffee4two2008 My 9 year old asked me if I have a crush on Simon. At the time it made me laugh, then it made me wonder... lol

[@Arcvde]

Same, i follow all his channels and watch all the videos. My wife now uses his voice to fall asleep to because its “British and calming” 😂

[@SkillTree]

"If I sounded convincing reading that, then I did a good job because I have no idea what that's talking about" 🤣 love the little Simon breaks.

[@pauliedibbs9028]

Skill Tree meh, I’m growing tired of hearing the apology for mispronunciations. Please spend that time instead learning the proper pronunciation!

[@SkillTree]

@@pauliedibbs9028 very interesting point you bring up. Direct me to the hours of free content you put together for your subscribers so I can witness the true mastery of the English language in action! I am on pins and needles!

[@pauliedibbs9028]

@@SkillTree I am in no way knocking the work itself, just the disclaimer. I am merely pointing out that if you are instead are putting the effort into trying to learn/pronounce the word in question, you will receive much more respect. I personally have grown to fluently speak 5 languages myself, one of them being English, and can assure you that I received my lickings as well. Thank you for being awesome, REGARDLESS, and much obliged.

[@SkillTree]

@@pauliedibbs9028 the PSA is appreciated as is your earnest attempt to educate. Allow me to do my little part here and reciprocate by pointing out the particular bits I took issue with, for your reflection. First, the quote I pulled was not for a mispronunciation, but rather Simon honestly telling his audience that his understanding of the subject is tertiary at best. So your comment belies a bit of a harbored animosity. Next, this crew covers topics that are, at times, rather obscure and I am sure they run into all kinds of words that would otherwise be consideded jargon. Their unfamiliarity with them in no way represents a tenuous grasp on the language. Finally, contemplate that Simon takes all of this info, has lights and a camera pointed at him for 12 hours a day, and is expected to nail everything perfectly? I am not calling your motives into question, merely your prospective.

[@pauliedibbs9028]

@@SkillTree as said, there is no slight on my part but I can see how one might feel offended. Animosity? Not here, my friend.

[@KatGlos]

As someone who has studied Underwater Archaeology and Egyptology, I must say this video is very well researched and accurate. I hope I will get to dive at Thonis Herakleion one day!

[@Akechi_The_Phantom_Detective]

I hope you get the chance to follow that great someday.

[@LindaMerchant-bq2hp]

Herakleion is on crete

[@AWindy94]

👏

[@roaxeskhadil]

On the matter of osmosis damaging artifacts: Osmosis refers to the tendency of a solution containing more units of something on one side of some kind of semi-permeable (allowing limited exchange of molecules) membrane than on the other to seek to equalize that concentration. This can either happen by the solved substance seeping over to the side with lower concentration, or by the solvent moving onto the side where the concentration is higher. What exactly happens, depends on the membrane and the size of the solvent and solves substance. The speed at which the exchange happens depends on the difference in concentration, but it's not a linear dependency, but a logarithmic one: halving difference will for example reduce the speed of the osmotic process by a factor of 10, and a quarter would leave it at only 1% (these are not real numbers, just examples). In case of water containing salt, usually the dissolved ions are larger than the water molecules of water, either by sheer size of the atoms making up the salt, or due to the fact that the ions are hydrated, meaning they are surrounded by a shell of water molecules sticking to them, This means it is usually the water that passes through the membrane. For objects found in under water, the substance making up the object - stone, ceramics, wood, .. - is acting as the semi-permeable membrane: now, any pore containing salt water will have the water at ambient pressure - for something found under water this is already higher than air pressure. It took a long time for the water to seep in (and / or partially dissolve the matrix of the artifact) and it can't just drip out. This means that fresh water would flow into the pores, increasing the pressure further, ultimately to the breaking point, making the artifact crumble. Just immediately drying the object wouldn't work well either, as that would trap the salt within the artifact, making it grow into crystals. These would in turn make the object brittle and ablate at least their outer surface. The same effect you sometimes see in the cellar walls / foundations of houses. So the solution is to first reduce the salt concentration of the water soaking the object by the same osmotic process, but slowing it down by reducing the difference in concentration. While initially it'll be water seeping in, the salt will slowly dissipate out, too, reducing the concentration to a point where using fresh water in a second step will not damage the object. If necessary this could be done in more than just two steps, and each of the steps may take months of waiting.

[@EMurph42]

roaxeskhadil thank you for that excellent explanation!

[@scott3991]

Nice copy and paste job dude

[@roaxeskhadil]

@@scott3991 Seriously? Because somebody understands and can explain something you don't it's copy & paste? It can't be that they have an education you don't? Don't you ask yourself who would then write the source of the copy & paste?

[@GeorgeDolbier]

THANK YOU for such a diligent treatment of the topic

[@Kristove_Wolf00000]

spot on

[@susanrobinson910]

Absolutely loving the opening The Little Mermaid quote!

[@geographicstravel]

We have creative writers!

[@susanrobinson910]

@@geographicstravel One of your writers is a Jamaican Lobster?

[@geographicstravel]

@@susanrobinson910 They all are.

[@bulletsfordinner8307]

@@geographicstravel 🤣

[@nevastarn6394]

the quote is actually incorrect... the actual line is " we got the spirit, you got to hear it"

[@tomharris9570]

I've always had a fascination with lost cities, and this one caught my interest right away. Loving all this new content! As always, outstanding work, Simon.

[@jessaguilar4747]

Me too!! I love this new channel, they have a great team working on all of these videos. I could watch them all day! I just watched the one about the Russian prison, highly recommend!!

[@tomharris9570]

That was a good one too! Gah, this channel. I can't get enough!

[@anuushamantripragada8656]

Fascinating as ever! Great work, Simon. Can you please do a video on Dwaraka, another lost maritime city, from the western coast of India? -Thanks!!

[@razorransom1795]

You you know the suken Roman city with Campaii Fregeri connection? How about kerch's claimed to alantis with it's code book and it also tells the conversation between Solon and that egyptian priest, about how ancient Hellenes went under water and how as well?

[@andrewferguson7285]

TARTARIA!!

[@ActiveinWA]

Only two videos in, but this is rapidly becoming my fave channel! Great job presenting fascinating content! 😊

[@Kari.F.]

I had a great binge watch session after I discovered this. Have fun!

[@jessewright5773]

Make sure you check out biographics too

[@antoinehughes7087]

Hey beautiful

[@schanataylor2067]

I love his channels. His voice is so calm, I listen to his videos to put me to sleep. Definitely better than white noise.....and educational..BONUS

[@ReesieandLee]

I love being here right from the start. It’s like my own a secret channel

[@geographicstravel]

Don’t let it be a secret for long. Spread the word.

[@jarehelt]

@@geographicstravel how do you have time to research and make so many great and pragmatic videos? I have a few video ideas of other important obscure history, but I can bearly keep up with my day job, bills, and school.

[@tristananleu4677]

Is Simon actually a lizard man? How many damn channels does he have?

[@pixelpoes]

@@jarehelt credits are given in the description.

[@liquidsleepgames3661]

@@jarehelt researchers and simon is just the of face of the channel.

[@SandraNelson063]

A million years ago I got a BA in Classical Studies. I even have had a decades long affection for Egyptology. I NEVER heard of Thonis. I HAD heard of Herakleion, that it was a city in Egypt, dedicated to a Sun god. I also knew of Goddio's work on Alexandria. But the discovery of two other "lost" cities, Canopus and Thonis, completely escaped me. Ancient Egypt never disappoints. Bless Franck Goddio and all who sail on him. Er...with him. ;)

[@vincentgizdich2842]

Sounds like alot of sub surface structures don't get much coverage, I think it's safe to say they are tons of em.

[@antoinehughes7087]

Hey beautiful

[@abigruber]

I live in Minneapolis and went to the Sunken City exhibit at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and my goodness was it overwhelmingly cool. These artifacts were being seen by eyes that were centuries old. I was filled with a reverence that transcends time. I hope we continue to discover more about the history of this sunken city. There has to be more!

[@antoinehughes7087]

Hey beautiful

[@jacquelinemsoucek1542]

I was privileged to attend a lecture by Franck Goddio and view many artifacts at the exhibition last autumn. This was truly one of the most spectacular archeological discoveries in recent years. Thank you for doing this video and I'm looking forward to seeing much more from this channel!

[@amateurastronomer9463]

Two videos and I'm hooked. As for your pronunciations or mispronounciation, don't sweat it. Nobody is perfect. Please keep up your excellent work.

[@arthas640]

people get way too nitpicky about pronouncing foreign words, _especially_ when your talking about dead languages or languages that are too distantly related to english to be easily pronounced like Japanese or Mandarin.

[@AliciaMully]

@@arthas640 thank you it's tomayto tomaato

[@pauljthacker]

I saw the exhibition in Cincinnati several years ago. Some of those statues were so massive, it's amazing they raised them from the ocean. Definitely see it if you can.

[@franciscomm7675]

Simon whistler, host of Visualplitik en, Today i found out, biographics, toptenz and now geographics. One day, Simon will take over youtube. Nice video by the way

[@donnyreznicek211]

"One day"? I think you're late.

[@geographicstravel]

;D

[@2secondslater]

You forgot Biographics!

[@StrawB0ss]

I, for one, welcome our new bald overlord.

[@arthas640]

I love all those channels except Visualpolitik, he mentions Trump in nearly every video even when the orange idiot is only tangentially connected to the story at hand and it got a little old. Biographics is my favorite Whislter channel but that may soon change if he keeps these Geographic videos going.

[@IntrepidFraidyCat]

5:18 LOL! Simon... always so charming, honest and funny! Makes us love you all the more.😉❤👍🏻

[@rabbi120348]

Without checking to see if anyone else has answered the magnetometer question, here's roughly how it works. NMR is a resonance phenomenon. Atomic nuclei "precess" like little spinning tops, and the frequency with which they precess is governed in part by the ambient magnetic field. That frequency can be measured by its resonance with electromagnetic waves -- when the frequency of the wave corresponds to the frequency of precession, you get a resonance effect -- a spike in the intensity of the EMF wave. Since the frequency of the precession is determined by the magnetic field, small variations of the magnetic field -- in this case the magnetic field of the earth as modified slightly by the objects on or under the seabed, will show up as variations in the resonance frequency, hence its use as a magnetometer. My degree is actually in Atmospheric Physics (University of Arizona, 1975), so I'm dredging up some 50-year-old memories here, but I'm reasonably certain this is a good description of the general way the thing works.

[@k.s.mukhopadhyay8504]

Bro this is a pretty great explaination thank you! 🙏

[@bobdobbolina8376]

FWIW, the medical scanners known as MRIs - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Imager) - weren't always called that. When they were first introduced they were NMR machines, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Then name change was made because the word "nuclear" was not exactly loved by laypeople. Patients often had to be convinced that the machine was safe and some simply refused outright. NMR may not be a familiar term anymore, but chances are fairly good you've already encountered the technology.

[@rabbi120348]

@@bobdobbolina8376 Absolutely correct. Those machines are scary enough as it is without worrying about nuclear radiation LOL!

[@dudepool7530]

Wow Simon, I'm pretty sure you are the hardest working man on KZbin! Love the work you do! Don't ever stop!

[@norgepalm7315]

Are you naive enough to think Simon runs every single one of the channels he hosts? Simpleton.

[@toddnolastname4485]

Most other people actually do their own writing. Simon has a dozen writers, I think. Then he sits down and reads. And he apparently barely pays attention to what he's reading. Except for Business Blaze. Yet somehow manages to sound like he's an expert. Except when he mispronounces names and a few other words.

[@cherrydragon3120]

@@toddnolastname4485 simply putting your book chapter long comment. He is a good story teller.

[@KeithAvila]

I like that you don’t act like you know all there is to know on chemistry and other subjects. You just honestly admit what you don’t know which makes your video better. You’re just teaching what you know and I really respect that. Good video. Actually really interesting. This is the first video I seen about this and I’m seriously in awe. This is so amazing that this was found

[@kari7403]

Man. Just imagine a city that was 1,600 years old. It's crazy to think how incredibly short our "modern" times really is. I mean, Damascus is still around. And they say that place has been continually inhabited for over 11,000 years. It would just be so surreal to be in a city with that kind of history to it. Walking down the same streets where countless other people had, centuries ago. Its a humbling thought. And i imagine an humbling experience, to boot.

[@dethrocker]

Great new channel cheers ya boldy bearded glasses gem. Much love

[@xanthesworldoffun8880]

Love Biographics and this channel has got off to a great start

[@Heyitsaddie23]

I am so in awe of how much content Simon is involved in and how active he is on social media! I only work 8-5 and still can't be bothered to answer messages. Does the man sleep?? Side bar- Love the content as always.

[@geographicstravel]

No need for sleep. I'm a robot sent from the future ;). And thank you.

[@mariakelly5]

@@geographicstravel But I thought that you and all of your shipmates on the USS Discovery went 930 years forward in time, not back! Star Trek Discovery reference. 😉

[@CDJCDJ81]

*Looks for physicists in the comments* 👀

[@SkywalkerSamadhi]

Are there any??

[@geordie1174]

@@SkywalkerSamadhi im a theoretical physicist.

[@alyasgrey9370]

You'll probably have more luck finding people who saw a SciShow video that one time.

[@GeorgeDolbier]

@CMDR BouncyStickman both.

[@MellonVegan]

I'm a palaeontologist but similar methods are used in geology for different reasons. I don't know the way the instrument works but the jist of it is most likely: go over the area by plane or boat, measure magnetic field strength and/or orientation across the area and map it out, look for anomalies (colour coding helps), investigate where you found anomalies. Since this mentioned the term magnetic resonance, I'd assume differing magnetic properties of building materials to influence the measurements. When we had our geophysics course, all methods used basically worked like this. Survey area, measure a property of the ground, find anomalies.

[@zebrastrong9291]

When you already follow all the rest of Simon’s channels so this new one gets recommended and realize “He’s got a new channel!”

[@antoinehughes7087]

Hey beautiful

[@tatianamelendez490]

If you intend to explore more sunken cities, consider the city of Adria, upon which Venice was constructed on, and from which the Adriatic Sea gets its name. Also Pavlopetri of the coast of Greece; at 5,000 years old, it's one of the oldest sudden cities in history.

[@matthewmoss5674]

Simon, you and your Team deserve a LOT of credit because I firmly believe you guys are one of the top educational programs on KZbin. I don't just mean this channel either. All of your Channels are loaded with useful/interesting information, and cover a wide variety of topics, which is really awesome. I know that I'm not alone in my appreciation for you guys busting your butts to bring us all of the different channels, and the speed with which you do :). I just want to say Thank You very much for all of the hard work you put into everything you do :)!

[@theKRB93]

The spoken-word recitation of Under the Sea is on point 👍

[@digimanga]

I have arrived here from your recent tweet about this channel, having been watching all the other channels of Simon's rise of dominance over KZbin, this one shall not go amiss. Fantastic quality of the last two videos and I hope they continue :)

[@EMurph42]

This is just so damn good! I’m obsessed by ancient Egypt bc we know an incredible amount and yet there is so much more. It’s a mystical beautiful culture intelligent and epically successful, so fascinating...I’m having a nerdgasm. Thank you for that, I need a smoke

[@quinnzykir]

Simon: the man who could easily find Carmen San Diego

[@pointlessopinion611]

Listen up Gumshoe dont get ahead of yourself.

[@arthas640]

@@pointlessopinion611 Simon could find Carmen San Diego, provided he gets enough Patreon support to make the video and someone else find her and posts about it online so he can report on it, assuming the provide enough evidence to the fact it is Carmen and not a hoax.

[@mariakelly5]

He probably knows Where Waldo is.

[@thewhovianhippo7103]

@@mariakelly5 and Wally

[@grimace4257]

@@thewhovianhippo7103 And Wenda

[@ryanrizzo4869]

Absolutely awesome! Good stuff, y'all! I've always been obsessed with lost cities and ancient cultures. :)

[@danicaz1163]

I've subscribed to all your channels! I feel like I've finally found the history teacher I've always wanted but never had. Thank you so much!

[@vaniasdream]

This is everything I wanted in a chain of channels History & Geography.

[@josephmartin6035]

I'm just discovering Geographics, and I must say I'm really glad you guys push out such informative content. Thanks for that and keep up the great work.

[@geographicstravel]

Thank you :)

[@JackieWelles]

Thonis is also was known as Herakleion or Thonis-Heracleion and its one of the ancient Egypt cities you can visist in Assassin's Creed Origins game. In case someone is not familiar with it this game is amazingly historically accurate.

[@Eli22clem]

So excited about the new channel. Can't wait for more videos!

[@olddaddie5645]

Please do a video on The Library at Alexandria! Love your videos!

[@dianadavis5002]

Thank you for all the channels. I listen to them while doing choirs. I accomplish two things- getting my choirs done and getting smarter. I discovered you late so, I have a few saved to watch

[@geographicstravel]

Thank you for watching:)

[@ignitionfrn2223]

1:20 - Chapter 1 - A slumber of a twelve centuries 3:30 - Chapter 2 - Franck Goddio 6:35 - Chapter 3 - Underwater archeology 8:45 - Chapter 4 - Hunter of lost cities 12:00 - Chapter 5 - A venice of the nile 14:40 - Chapter 6 - Disappearance of thonis 17:20 - Chapter 7 - The teaching of thonis

[@penitent2401]

The violent osmosis thing. water with dissolved minerals in it is more dense than fresh water, permeable objects soaked in salt water will be filled with salt water. Once submerged in fresh water the salt water minerals in the objects will have a pressure from inside pushing out as the minerals moves to disperse into the fresh water. This can rip the object from the inside out as the salt and minerals escape into fresh water. Half salt water mix slows this down.

[@lucianoarrieta5786]

Just discovered this channel and already in love with it :)

[@anoobslife2486]

This channel and Biographics is the reason why I love history

[@NarratorAza]

Mr. Whistler I'd love to see you do a video on the Isle of Tortuga and its history of 17th century piracy

[@mixerD1-]

Your wish was granted I see 🤣

[@elijahgay-yu4eg]

Ok so I’ll be that guy…I stumbled upon this channel about 12 hours ago. Since then I’ve watched maybe 12 of your videos. 5ish hours of my day. Your content is so good. So relaxing.

[@Fiishstiicks0]

You’ve popped up on my feed, was super excited to see something new other than stuff from 2008-2013. Absolutely love these kind of videos please keep posting ❤️

[@Alfans-Imperator]

How the bloody hell do you guys (and gals) make so many videos. Not only that they're all quality vids. Really cool man.

[@ktbushdan]

Talk really fast without breathing it seems

[@lucisferre6361]

How absolutely amazing! Just seeing the uncovering of our predecessors' achievements in antiquity really kind of makes you proud to be a human, in contrast to all of the things that have the opposite effect. Great video y'all!

[@0GRAII]

Pseudo chemist here! Basically, salt affects the way water interacts with other objects/substances. Think of how a fresh water fish would die in the ocean due to its cells not being able to recieve/dispose of water correctly. Love the new channel! Hope to see more great content soon!!

[@arthas640]

Osmosis is alot like the KZbin comments section: you want to be as salty as the other people. If you're too salty then you're a troll and everyone will call you a nutter, if you're not salty enough they'll tear you apart like a pack of wild dogs. You need to balance things out.

[@0GRAII]

@@arthas640 That's a brilliant way to put it

[@creatrixcorvusarts876]

This is a deeply intriguing topic! Thank you for covering it. I’m so glad to get in on your channel from the first!

[@antoinehughes7087]

Hey beautiful

[@littlejuliuscaesar8920]

There could be two more reasons why a lot of ancient texts don’t mention Thonis. One is the burning of the Library of Alexandria in 48 BC during the defense of the city from Ptolemy XIV by Julius Caesar on behalf of Cleopatra. Untold numbers of ancient major and minor texts were destroyed in that fire. The second was the sacking of Rome in 410 AD by Alaric and the Visigoths. While the Visigoths avoided raiding Christian holy places, they did take many noblemen houses and other important buildings probably destroying one-of-a-kind manuscripts in the process. Your quote about cities fading away can be applied to knowledge as well.

[@wulliek3295]

I swear every chanel you guys do is boss👏🏻 keep up the good work simon and team

[@Reblwitoutacause]

12:45 Geo: “the sun gods worship began to eclipse other deities” Me: “heh. Eclipse”

[@alexandersarojz9222]

Simon I love ALL your channels and the content on them but dude how do you keep up with producing so much great content without having a fatigue meltdown? You are so metal!!!

[@geographicstravel]

Not really sure. I just don't really get tired or fatigued (at least for 99% of the time). PLUS amazing team helping to make all this possible!!

[@lrx001]

The quote from the little mermaid in the beginning made me laughing so hard with how deadpan simon said it.

[@johnmorrissey5012]

Fantastic job, so well researched and produced.👍

[@manofeire4945]

Keep em coming 👍

[@valnarehood834]

Simon, I've only recently stumbled across your channels, so I've been bouncing around without rhyme or reason, but I wanted to tell you how much I'm enjoying your videos! So educational, and I love your presentation!

[@hotflash7486]

My new favorite channel.

[@hannahskipper2764]

Thank you for giving this channel a mention on your Biographics channel. I thoroughly enjoyed this video and look forward to watching more. Your closing line cracked me up too! Also, the bit about the reality of of once grand cities sinking into oblivion made me think of New Orleans... Maybe in the next hurricane. You never know...

[@clodagholeary5125]

Always loved biographics but this channel is next level, learning about different places is so interesting. Never heard of this place before but this was so interesting, great video! Also I love how the editing is the same style as the biographics channel

[@KarenRose70]

I'm loving this channel. Hope you guys can keep it going.

[@richardbidinger2577]

If you try to remove the salt from the stone too quickly, the process could cause the surface of the stone to disintegrate. By making the water half as salty, you slow the process down and protect the artifacts surface.

[@susanrobinson910]

richard bidinger I was going to say something similar due to Simon asking about how osmosis works! When I heard that the one wall was made of limestone, I was shocked that it hadn't crumbled away prior to the discovery.

[@kingkota2302]

richard bidinger no it not that it’s the salt itself that has destroyed things as salt water is one of the worst most common corrosive agents

[@timmy2shoez]

I absolutely love this channel, I've followed your others. I'm excited to see where all you the other areas you choose to cover

[@gangpardos3833]

Violent osmosis: Osmosis that fights others just caus it doesn’t agree with your ion ratio.

[@sterfry8502]

I watch about every video from all your KZbin channels and I gotta tell you. I love this video. Please make more like it and thank you!

[@jeffanderson3962]

The Simon Whistler pronunciation is always official as far as I'm concerned

[@mukhtar7200]

It's like everyday I come across yet another Simon channel. Love it!

[@JT-cloverbottomt]

Simon, Those “underwater balloons” as you called them are called “lift bags” by people that dive and recover objects. They are air tight bags that are taken under the water and air from scuba tanks (for small bags) or air pumped from the surface (for large bags) to inflate the bags exactly like a scuba BCE inflates to bring a diver to the surface. Yes you really made me laugh with that one! Underwater balloons! 😂

[@Recon3Y3z]

Love the new channel! Thank you 😘

[@PatrickPaul1203]

Very interesting. More like this would be great!

[@geographicstravel]

More coming :). 2x per week at the moment, if they channel does well, we will bump that up :)

[@keithdavison2960]

Can’t sing the channels praises enough, not just this but all the family of Simons channels. I’ve converted quite a few friends and family as well I think Top tenz will always have a special place in my heart as a question regarding Mahatma Gandhi a subject you covered so I got correct and won 100 quid in a pub quiz, cheers Simon

[@shanejacobson5647]

Basically desalination is moving salt from a higher concentration to a lower. If you'd rather moving any salt from the find to the surrounding water. In order to stop massive corrosion of the find and easier for further study in the long run.

[@snodrod420]

I like you Simon, you're doing some of the best work on KZbin. Keep it up!

[@LisaBowers]

"Amun was a solar God, associated with the Sun with creation and power. Over the centuries its worship had grown to the point of _eclipsing_ many other deities." *I see what you did there!* 😉

[@IntrepidFraidyCat]

I missed that one! LOL! I need more caffeine!

[@wemblyfez]

Saw an exhibition in Paris a few years ago of Egyptian artifacts rescued from beneath the ocean. It had to be from Thonis. Incredible sculpture, fascinating history. Thanks, Simon, for bringing this to light and for this new channel! Good luck.

[@pepijnlapidaire8812]

Really enjoy your content, but could you include Some more maps since it is content About a loaction

[@jevicci]

My thoughts exactly!!!

[@peterjamesfoote3964]

I have to admit that on an iPhone 7 I found the Nile River Delta Map very difficult to read.

[@frankyscavetta9361]

Great videos! Keep them coming! I watch so many videos regarding mysterious subjects and so many of the reporters do not take the videos seriously or give mis-informed information. Simon all the way!

[@GenghisVern]

what the hell, how many channels is this guy involved with?

[@geographicstravel]

I have seven channels total.

[@mariakelly5]

@@geographicstravel I knew it. I KNEW IT!

[@lmpeters]

@The Muckler Geographics, Biographics, Megaprojects, Highlight History, Today I Found Out, TopTenz, and Business Blaze.

[@erinpitt580]

@@geographicstravel 😂😂😂😂 YESSSS

[@WastelandSoldier0885]

And now side projects

[@charliemansonUK]

Really enjoying the new channel , thank you for expanding on this little known city. Peace Charlie 🇬🇧

[@allawa]

God damn these length videos daily! Sign me up!

[@WolfMaiden11]

Lost, forgotten, and hidden cities, especially those found underwater, are so fascinating.

[@geographicstravel]

Thanks. More coming :)

[@susanrobinson910]

As to how/why this city was forgotten, I thought maybe all records of this beautiful city burned with everything else when the Library of Alexandria burned. Alas, it isn't likely as the fire was in 48 B.C. This was a truly fascinating video. Thanks so much for the information! Speaking of the Library of Alexandria...is this a subject you may cover? My apologies if the video has already been done; I have a terrible memory!

[@allangibson8494]

Actually it was more like the Fires of the Libraries of Alexandria. The last one was in 640AD when the Caliph Omar of Egypt used the books in the library as fuel for the bathhouses for two years.

[@AHJ789]

Only two videos and I’m already hooked !! That bell button is going on

[@geographicstravel]

SMASH THAT BELL. (thank you)

[@AHJ789]

Geographics 🥰🛎👈🏻🎉

[@maddasnine1281]

You need to do a video on Wisconsin Dells. I absolutely need to hear Simon talk about Wisconsin Dells.

[@peterjamesfoote3964]

Not to mention Eagle River. Eagle River!!!

[@mburton9253]

Why has it taken KZbin so long to suggest this channel for me? Love it!

[@Azivegu]

You should explore the mystery of Punt Land in an upcoming video.

[@jevicci]

That's Ethiopia, right?

[@Azivegu]

@@jevicci good question. We really don't know. Claims go from Sudan to Sri Lanka. It is a crazy story given that we know quiet a lot for a place nobody ever thought mark on a map.

[@peterjamesfoote3964]

Simon, thanks to the whole team in the hard work that went into this fascinating story!

[@gb6710]

Your team should do the Palace of Versailles.

[@arthas640]

that place has so many interesting facets, it's arguably the greatest palace on earth even if alot of stuff was pillaged over the centuries, sold off to pay debts, or destroyed during the revolutions. There's a reason that Wilhelm was made an emperor there and why WW1 ended in the hall of mirrors. If WW2 had ended with a treaty instead of the allies just tearing Germany apart like a pack of wild dogs, I'd bet the treaty would be signed there as well.

[@norgepalm7315]

@@arthas640 lmao nazi Germany sympathizer

[@arthas640]

@@norgepalm7315 Nazi Germany sympathizer? How so? I said the palace of Versailles is amazing and if Germany had signed a peace treaty like they did in WW1 rather than fighting to the end (you know, after making everyone rather angry with the whole genocide thing). In WW1 you see, before the nazis took power, the germans were beaten back and nearly broken but came to the bargaining table rather than fight to the end, so they at least had a bargaining chip to play and so were at least able to surrender as a mostly sovereign country, so the allies had them sign it at Versailles as a play on the franco-prussian war peace agreement where the germans beat the French and made the french sign the agreement in the hall of mirrors in Versailles that not only ended the war but also made the Prussian king into the German emperor and made germany a country rather than a confederation. In ancient times a castle or city that wouldnt surrender while under siege wouldnt be given the option of surrendering and would be raped at pillaged, the longer they fought on the less restrained the besiegers would be. In WW2 the germans fought to the end and committed more than a few war crimes during the invasion of Germany, including killing off entire POW and concentration camps. When the allies finally took control of germany, germany was no longer even capable of negotiating as a country as the entire government had fallen apart, so the allies tore germany apart, each governing a sector until Germany could be rebuilt at a later date, which would up taking a few decades and in the mean time they enforced their will on Germany. Also if I were a sympathizer it would be more accurate to say I were a "Nazi sympathizer" since most modern germans and many germans of the time made a distinction between Germany and the Nazis, even when the nazis seized power they only had about a third of the vote so many germans didnt view themselves as nazis. The nazi ideology went beyond just mindless racism, it was a racist party but it was still a political party with a political ideology. They were a far right, nationalistic, socialist party and just like most countries not everyone willingly votes for 1 party and not everyone is left wing or 100%, right wing, much less all on one far extreme like the far right. So its important to most people to distinguish between Germany and the nazis. I would be a NAZI sympathizer, not a nazi germany sympathizer.

[@norgepalm7315]

@@arthas640 no one is reading your nazi memoir you freak

[@sulawesi-steve]

@@arthas640 just thought I'd say I read it, an found it quite interesting. Unfortunately there's no cures for narrow mindedness an water bear seams to be so.

[@Luiszelada22]

Ever since I stumbled across your videos, my thirst for knowledge has slowly grown to what it used to be back in my younger days 🙏🏽🙏🏽

[@squidwardtentacles3773]

Was this your home Thanos? - It was, and it was beautiful..

[@fatalfury66]

love the new channel, its amazing. I love history, and geography, and this is hitting both

[@geographicstravel]

Glad you’re enjoying it!

[@imcubanb2870]

"Everything's better down where it's wetter"

[@janfuller3043]

I learn so much from your videos Simon. Your presentation is informative & entertaining. Please keep them coming! Thank you!🧐😊

[@lgmartinez38]

Simon. To my family and I, you ARE youtube.

[@stvp68]

Very interesting! Good script-clear explanations, well organized, uncommon terms defined, etc-and good delivery (as always). Only distraction is the use of unnecessary close ups.

[@nathanwhitfield4462]

Violent osmosis explanation Things like to remain neutral just like electricity wants to travel predictably you can predict how minerals such as salt will travel through a solution or from one particular place to another we have a name for this process we call itOsmosis. This process of neutralization between chemicals by putting the solution of salt water and freshwater around the artifact that has been submerged in salt water for the better part of 20 centuries the natural proclivity of the salt in the artifact will be pulled out by the freshwater as it wants to neutralize however because it is half salt the “pull” if you will , is not going to be as strong as if it were in pure freshwater in fact the effect of placing an object made of lime stone or many other materials that are porous that I’ve been submerged in a very salt drink solution for 20 centuries and then placing it in a solution with no salt will cause the salt to violently stabilize which could damage the artifact as this occurs

[@nathanwhitfield4462]

Sorry for typos hope this helps

[@EMurph42]

Great stuff! Thank you

[@seaniekay]

These comments are why i love youtube as a platform as i tend to learn just as much from these types of comments as i do from the videos itself.

[@chewysaiditfirst]

Loving this new chanel. Keep it up you guys 👏👏👏

[@nickmiller9599]

You can explore Herakleon in Assassin Creed Origins. Fun times.

[@MrVvulf]

Origins was fantastic, even without the main storyline and gameplay, if only for the educational aspects.

[@arthas640]

90% of the reason i enjoy Assassins Creed i just wandering around exploring. I spent countless hours in #2 and #3 just fighting random people and wandering around the cities and I never even finished Blag Flag because i had so much fun sailing.

[@andyv16012]

Do it Simon. It will give you a reason to "research" how historically accurate the game is.

[@mariethemagnificent2000]

You surprise with quality material and an excellent host! Love the new channel! Nerds, unite!