Titan Implosion Explained with a Soda Can

[@wrenmassey6876]

Its amazing and terrifying to be able to see what Hank Green meant by "they ceased being biology and rapidly became physics"

[@DarkMatterBurrito]

As one video said, no one has ever technically experienced catastrophic collapse. The speed of the collapse is an order of magnitude faster than the time it takes the brain to register pain or anything else, thankfully.

[@RCassinello]

@@DarkMatterBurrito That's actually quite reassuring. Want to ride in my tin can submersible????

[@PhilAndersonOutside]

@@DarkMatterBurrito True on the time. Look up Byford Dolphin incident. About the closest thing on record, and it was about 1/1000th the pressure or so (just a guess, not looking it up). The two primary men killed in Byford were basically turned into splattered chunks of hamburger, and it was universally acknowledged they felt nothing.

[@judgedread9724]

I certainly suppose if I HAD to die a horrifically gruesome death. I’d rather be turned into meat paste within the small fraction of a split second.

[@tinnitusintensifies]

@@PhilAndersonOutside hamburger 🤤

[@DanCreaMundos]

It's amazing how you can actually see the water level get lower when the can sucks all the liquid in, all in less than a second, you gotta love physics

[@hellomark1]

The one fact that I've found interesting is with the pressure equalization on the Titan, the air would have been compressed to a very small fraction of its original volume, but also the compression would have super-heated that small volume of air to thousands of degrees.

[@LeCharles07]

​@@hellomark1bruh... That's metal.

[@starburst98]

Yeah, the only comfort is they must have died instantly without any pain.

[@felloh6320]

@@BigDadEnergy_ based billionaires always have backup children. someone needs to keep the undesirables in check.

[@Procedurallydegeneratedjohn]

​​@@BigDadEnergy_s you literally support infrastructure that makes billionaires richer. Way to go.

[@ghosttheoremproductions5469]

Now imagine your beer can isn't made out of a material which undergoes plastic deformation but instead a material that can only fail by shattering.

[@gabbyn978]

You mean, like a glass bottle? Glass can tolerate a good deal of pressure if it is in a shape that supports itself, like a cylinder. Of course, any bottle will fail in the end. This is a mere guess, but I believe that it will not shatter at one atmosphere if the design is well done.

[@wouterattheorgan]

@@gabbyn978 they used carbon fiber

[@another3997]

The method of failure within the material is irrelevant, once it fails, that's it, your hull implodes. Iron and steel can both shatter under the right circumstances, as can any other material. The trick is to make a hull strong enough to resist implosion... whatever the material. You could make a submarine out of paper mache covered in a waterproof coating... just don't approach or exceed the calculated limits.

[@DomFortress]

​@@another3997wrong, the steel titanium materials are proven to resist certain pressure rating without implosion. The carbon fiber hull OTOH is proven to only withstand tension force from within, as in from a pressurized cabinet of an aircraft that's engineered to withstand 1atm, while the pressure from outside of the hull is less than 1atm.

[@cutthroat795]

@@another3997the mode of failure is incredibly important, perhaps the most important piece of information. If we know exactly why it failed, we can learn something more meaningful from the whole ordeal.

[@OmegaZyion]

Mythbusters did an excellent video showing what happens to the human body at extreme depths. They made a cadaver out of pig parts and put it in an old diving suit with a metal diving helmet. When they shut off the equalizing pressure in the suit, the entire cadaver was horrifyingly squeezed up into in the diving helmet. And that was only at around 90 meters, not even 3% of the depth of the Titanic.

[@preferablygeneric]

I remember that episode as a kid! It looked as if the helmet suddenly became a blender and sucked up the rest of the body into it.

[@babynautilus]

supposedly that happened to some old timey divers.. what surprised me was how long it took 🙀

[@melonieashway4189]

omg I just watched that episode last night, its the only episode that genuinely disturbed me

[@AvenRox]

We call that episode the Meatman Episode and it scared the hell out of me as a kid. My brother occasionally says "hey, remember Meatman?" When he wants me make me uncomfortable lmao (thats just how younger siblings are)

[@blackhawk15897]

They also did one that showed the tremendous amount of crushing power even 1 atmosphere can have under certain conditions by imploding multiple train tankers.

[@Elish-a]

The experiment Kyle demonstrated is far more effective at explaining the catastrophic failure of the sub than any CGI recreation of the disaster. The implosion of Titan was a tragedy that could have been avoided had the physics been respected when designing the vessel.

[@tonyennis1787]

He didn't demonstrate an implosion. Implosions are much much worse.

[@Elish-a]

@@tonyennis1787 Thank you. I understand catastrophic implosion is infinitely worse and far more complex but the can demonstration is a form of low level implosion. The experiment did a fine job in demonstrating the basic principles.

[@EmmaDilemma039]

Let's not go too far and call this a tragedy 😂

[@connors3647]

​@@EmmaDilemma039 people died...

[@EmmaDilemma039]

@connors3647 yup. And they knew the risks. They signed a waiver acknowledging all the ways they could die. The CEO was even warned that the submarine wasn't safe. When you go into dangerous places, you're making a suicidal choice. It's not tragic. It's expected.

[@Lily-cx1vo]

I think it is really clever how you created this video about safety, and your instructions for the experiment is a perfect example of complete safety protocols.

[@spun8389]

I think he took the experiment more seriously than oceangate did with their submersible

[@hana-ov1ju]

@spun8389 LOL

[@NickyBlue99]

​@@spun8389He didn't want to Rush into things. He had to take stock of all proper safety protocols.

[@Trucking_Tom]

​@NickyBlue99 I see what you did there.

[@prodby.97]

​@@hana-ov1ju😊😊

[@alexg963]

I think the best thing that illustrates this is actually those videos of sea creatures being instantaneously sucked into undersea pipelines when they get too close. The pressure difference is so great that they basically just vanish into a hole they could never normally fit into.

[@TheActualMrLink]

Kind of reminds me of episode of Demon Slayer season 3 when Hyokko (the vase demon) sucked some poor guy’s entire body into the opening of an average-size vase.

[@40watt53]

@@TheActualMrLinkshut

[@jamesmaida47]

Yeah, Delta P is no joke. I have a good friend who narrowly avoided dying in a sewage treatman plant tank because they told him a pipe was equalized when it actually wasn't. Fortunately for him when he got pinned to the pipe opening the plug he was removing got jammed sideways so fluid could fill on the other side and eventually equalize the pressure. The "Crab video" was one of the main reasons I decided against going to dive school.

[@TheActualMrLink]

@@jamesmaida47 that would’ve been an AWFUL way to go out…

[@hiroshiyitama2888]

“When it’s gotcha, it’s gotcha!”

[@Irish381]

I remember this simple demonstration from my chemistry teacher back in the 8th grade. We used steel beer cans, because aluminum was not as popular in the Late 70s . Still the pop sound is a strong reminder of how pressure is all around us.

[@thewebupdater]

Our science teacher did something similar, using a steel gallon can instead. We had to go outside the building to see it because of (possible) safety issues. Big bang, very impressive for 7th and 8th graders.

[@cranberrysauce61]

the reaction at 8:05 then the processing of what just happened was just great. im quite sure kyle already knew it was going suck in a lot of water, but didn't realize it was going to do with such force that the reaction force ripped the steel can away from the tongs.

[@idontusetwitter]

The thing I found quite interesting about the sub disaster was the fact the time taken for the sub to implode was less time that it takes for an electrical impulse to reach the brain. Meaning the people that died could well have had the fastest and most 'painless' death in history.

[@apelincoln1616]

Yeah no doubt. Quick and clean. Vaporized in a fraction on a sec.

[@tierz7677]

I love the barely contained rage you can see behind Kyle's eyes as he describes the incredible amounts of ineptitude that went into allowing something like this to happen.

[@corporateturtle6005]

Makes jokes throughout the entire video, yeah, total "barely contained rage" , my 🤡 bro

[@TowerArcanaCrow]

​@@corporateturtle6005maybe not rage but definitely irritation, people being stupid lead to multiple deaths, someone spat in sciences eye and science spat back, basic logic should've prevented any loss of life. I wouldn't be shocked if there was a hint of anger over this, especially for someone who puts so much time energy and thought into science and experimentation

[@mrosskne]

@@corporateturtle6005 Do you have face blindness?

[@ashenwolf98]

When I was in the Scouts, the summer camp we went to had a saying: “Stupidity should be painful.” This is a perfect albeit very serious and tragic application of that saying.

[@TowerArcanaCrow]

@@ashenwolf98 another phrase that could be applied is "Play stupid games, win stupid prizes"

[@Ashley-wf7qi]

I think the most damning indictment of Stockton and Oceangate's hubris is just how short every video explaining what happened is

[@HungerGamesFan00]

title: 'what really happened to the titan sub?' / length: 0:45 / content: 'it got crushed into the shadow realm because of multiple dumb decisions, mostly made by rush himself, including one which is so obvious you only have to realize that the materials used to protect people from the dangers of zero gravity are might not be the greatest materials for protecting people from lots and lots of gravity'

[@mikez2779]

this exact sub as been to that depth multiple times so there goes the argument it was engineered inadequately the problem is, a hull made of carbon fibre is much more prone to fatigue damage than it would be if made of steel or titanium. and this, most likely, is the reason why they made a perfectly successful dive just a month prior, but this time it ended badly. which basically means its most likely their procedure to test the hull for the fatigue damage that proved to be inadequate - maybe someone just signed it off hoping "this should still be good for another 1 or 2 goes"...

[@RealZonkes]

@@mikez2779Yeah… except they fired the people telling them it was probably unsafe long term and only kept the yes men who wanted their paycheck. Can’t feel bad for that kind of stupid.

[@mikez2779]

@@RealZonkes they knew its unsafe. This was a second hull in this craft - and the previous one got discarded after suffering enough fatigue damage to be deemed unsafe to carry on diving in it. So the engineer wasn't telling them anything they didn't already know - so if this was all he had to say i would sack him myself. Engineering is an art of trade offs. To use carbon fibre was a trade off - not a cost cutting measure or disregard to safety. Carbon fibre is lighter, so a craft with such a hull can have natural buoyancy - a feature that they obviously wanted to have. It makes the craft lighter than water, which means all you have to do to submerge is to attach a ballast, and all you have to do to resurface is to discard this ballast.

[@Roxxyie]

​@@mikez2779 "this exact sub as been to that depth multiple times so there goes the argument it was engineered inadequately" Hmm? I disagree, personally. If you make a plane that can carry out several transatlantic flights, and simply falls out of the sky midway through the, say, fifth one, due to inadequacy in its creation, the fact it made a couple flights doesn't cancel that out. I suppose there are ways to get around the issues of a carbon fibre hull in a deep sea submarine, but I still wouldn't have used a material prone to leading to, you know, the death of the passengers and destruction of the submarine. Plus, there were more issues, whether that be too high porosity in the c.f hull, or the lack of regulation testing the sub went through (including a distinct lack of testing for fatigue damage). Plus, these issues didn't suddenly rear their heads in the implosion - expert(s) had told them before that damage was accumulating, and they were ignored. Overall, I would say that the implosion of the Titan was indeed partially a symptom of engineering inadequacy, though many things had a stake in its demise.

[@X0verXDriveX]

Kyle Hill is probably my favorite science teacher since Adam Savage.

[@rickgreer7203]

(The "Doctor" ... "Thank you doctor." bit is .../chefs kiss/ ....not to mention Kyle's Adam impersonation.)

[@OVAngryE]

Agreed

[@bur2576]

Excuse me...Bill Nye

[@Peeves22]

@@bur2576ill Nye predates Adam’s mainstream debut afaik, so his statement is still valid

[@WisdomEDM]

This part

[@Awksi]

I’ve been trying to imagine what this would’ve looked like from outside the sub. Since carbon fiber shatters, the implosion must’ve been like a reverse frag grenade. 🤯

[@EpicRenegade777]

lots of shards and lots of blood

[@bekindandrewind1422]

There's an implosion scene in the movie "Raise the Titanic" that is .... well, most likely what it looked like... And frankly, pretty horrifying at the same time....

[@greenetomphson6164]

The implosion would have been so fast that they would have been dead before they knew anything had happened. They did not suffer or even feel any pain. They just immediately... stopped existing.

[@tonyennis1787]

Imagine 30Kg of TNT being detonated inside the sub. That's what happened.

[@EpicRenegade777]

@@greenetomphson6164 would they even be recognisable or would they just be mush?

[@megamandrn001]

There's an episode of Behind the Bastards about Stockton Rush. I cannot stress enough how often this man, in interviews and on camera said "ahhhh, it's probably not that bad. Safety shmafety". He was quite literally asking for it, and was going to get someone killed eventually. As the old saying goes, "regulations are written in blood".

[@blue-neutrino]

I used to work with 'dry boxes' where you stick your arms into long gloves. The pressure in the box typically is a tiny positive 3 inches (8 cm) of water [compare that to 10 meters = 33 feet of water for a full ONE atmosphere.]. Holy pressure, that was a tiny 0.01 atm I had to fight and push my arms HARD to get to work. In order to work comfortably you would release the pressure to 1 inch (3 cm) = 0.003 atmospheres, that is 3 thousandths of an atmosphere over room pressure. I learned to appreciate the 1 atm over our bodies that way. Nice vid! Cheers!

[@margotrosendorn6371]

The Artemis Fowl books had a similar metaphor. "Like a soda can in the hands of a giant who was immensely strong and didn't like soda cans."

[@010MACS]

Loved those books when I was younger, great nostalgia there!

[@ArtemisFowl222]

Ah yes, please do not remind me of that terrible journey. Everything that happened in those depths is still giving me nightmares from time to time.

[@dsauce1257]

Wonderful books. The movie was a dumpster fire

[@nibblesnarfer]

​@@dsauce1257yeah.. We don't talk about that one.

[@shitmandood]

PREEM.

[@cherrydragon3120]

This explanation AND the experiment was amazing to show how disastrous that submarine was.

[@birdsandthingsbeachandbush1064]

ThunderFoot did a better video

[@metaljay77]

It took him just 10 minutes to explain what happened. I imagine it still took less time for OceanGate to say "yeah let's use that scrap and the cheapest window we can find"

[@GlennKurusu]

⁠@@metaljay77That’s exactly what happened, my fellow commenter. Stockton Rush ignored something obvious: Safety precautions exist for a reason.

[@tonyennis1787]

Kyle's experiment didn't begin to show or explain the ultraviolence of an implosion. Hydraulic Press Channel has a video that shows what happens to a carbon fiber tube at suffers implosion.

[@574guy]

When they say death was instant, they meant INSTANT

[@blackmoon8459]

So Kyle, when are we going to get a mini episode about why water can instantly start and stop boiling? I know you stopped yourself b/c you were starting down a rabbit hole, but I wanna see where in Wonderland that hole comes out.

[@kjamison5951]

For others who don’t have access to a propane torch and soda can… try this. Take all necessary safety precautions to protect against scalding. With an empty soda bottle made from plastic, fill it with hand hot warm water. NOT boiling water, that will be very dangerous. Allow the plastic to soften a little and immediately pour out the water into a basin and put the lid back on the soda bottle. Plunge the bottle into a bucket of cold water or let it sit for a few minutes. It’s a similar crushing effect.

[@philtkaswahl2124]

If that soda can was Titan, the beer can was Pisces III. The latter was a DSV that got stranded on the bottom of the sea for a time, but the worry there was running out of oxygen because the main hull held just fine. The crew of two later got rescued on the verge of running out of air.

[@tonamg53]

You forgot to mentioned that Pisces III was stuck at the bottom of the ocean with the depth of…. wait tor it… *1,575 feet* or *488 metres* It was a DSV that got stuck at the bottom of a not-so-deep-sea… that’s why they were able to be rescued. If they got stuck at the bottom of 13,000 ft or 4000 metres depth… you wouldn’t be saying this

[@amp6259]

​​@@tonamg53xcept in choosing to focus solely on depth like this was a distance concept, you are also missing the point. Both Titan and Pisces III suffered their accidents at close to their respective known designed test depths. The carbon fiber degradation over repeated dives and the fact the pressure hull of the sub wasn't made of a uniform material applies just as much at the Pisces accident's depth as it does at the Titanic wreck's depth. Dismissing the point that it was designed better because it couldn't go as deep as Titan, then you might as well dismiss this entire vid's comparison because the cans aren't made to go thousands of meters down.

[@tonamg53]

@@amp6259 Pisces III was designed to dive at depth up to 2000 m or 6600 ft… How the fuck is 1,575 ft is close to 6600 ft? Stop lying. Also accident like Pisces III is almost impossible for TItan as the carbon fibre hull is naturally buoyant meaning it wants to float and you have to work to make it dive Traditional sub like Pisces III is not naturally buoyant so it doesn’t want to float and wants to dive… which is why they got stuck at the bottom of the ocean

[@bgold2007]

Idu how he says titan2 would have survived if built like stronger can. Still 1 ATM vs 400.???????

[@williamshaw5716]

This video crushed my expectations

[@Curts_videocassette]

Bro 💀

[@ethal1222]

The depths some people will sink to...

[@flynn3649]

I really submersed myself in the video

[@po22etj3s_]

This made me crack up.

[@selfawaretoast-yt]

Oh 💀

[@RustyDust101]

We once used a double ziplock bag, filled with steak and marinade. We then took that on our dive to 20 meters, or roughly 65 feet. We left it tied to lead weights until our second dive that day. We returned and had deeply marinated steaks for the bbq that evening. The fun part was seeing the bag reinflate with the minute amount of air it still contained. Pressure of water is suspiciously strong. Don't underestimate it. Ever.

[@ChubakaSteven]

Chad deep-sea marinator vs. Beta refrigerator lmao

[@TheQue5tion]

That's definitely an idea for a Guga steak video, perhaps as a crossover with Action labs since he has a pressure chamber.

[@RustyDust101]

@@TheQue5tion THIS I fully support. Are you gonna mention it to Guga?

[@SharpDesign]

I love Kyle. Ive seen people joke about this but Kyle isnt just doing this for views. You can see he really cares about the how and that there is no valid reason for why this was allowed to happen is frustrating.

[@araiguma888]

I remember Bill Nye doing this experiment when I was a kid. Though he did it with a metal barrel and a pool. Nice to see its still being taught.

[@mr.notsonice]

The first time I saw an implosion (sort of) was when I was on 6th grade, an associated high school from our school did an open house exhibition. Some seniors boiled water and poured it down a soda can and dropped it in an aquarium of ice cold water. To think something like that happened to a sub with actual living people is harrowing

[@partciudgam8478]

the only comfort could be that perhaps they didn't even realized what happened, the amount of force it was holding means that catastrophic failure was only a few fractions of a second.

[@dracothewarrior4316]

@@partciudgam8478 enough time to see it happen, but not enough to register it

[@vukpsodorov5446]

@@dracothewarrior4316 actually, judging from what a number of people said, the whole thing is likely to have lasted less than a millisecond. if that's the case, they wouldn't have seen it, as there's a delay of roughly about 13 milliseconds from light hitting your eye to the impulse reaching your brain. so, the last 13 milliseconds of their life didn't even reach their brain, and the implosion is less than a single millisecond of that. again, i'm just going off of popular theories i saw, so i may be wrong.

[@dracothewarrior4316]

@@vukpsodorov5446 I'm not an expert either, I'm just going off what I heard in another video

[@KingDetonation]

@@vukpsodorov5446 I think what they meant was their eyes saw what was happening (light is still faster after all) but there wasn't enough time for a signal to be made, sent, and processed. Seen but not registered

[@delecti]

I knew that straws had height limits, but I hadn't thought about how that knowledge related to submarines. That's such a satisfying connection!

[@rickgreer7203]

Interesting the other way too, like how trees internally are able to pull water up their internal "straws" that can be up to 115m/380ft tall. (One theory has water behaving more like a solid in very thin capillary tubes, pulled by leaf transpiration at about -15atm...but there are other theories too.)

[@AndreiNeacsu]

On the Moon, you could not drink anything through a straw (imagine a straw going from inside your sealed helmet into an outside glass of dirty martini). Even if you would vaccum the helmet, instead of breating 1 atmosphere, the outside is vacuum too and would not push the liquid anywhere. More disturbing, if you would have a hose spilling air or oxigen rich nitrogen on the Moon, or in space, you could not get it into your lungs to breathe in, unless you seal your mouth and nose and "inflate" yourself as a baloon, then breathe out. And no, in vacuum you would no freeze immediately, nor would your blood boil immediately. One would die of asphixiation long before the blood develops gas bubbles and much, much earlier than freezing, which would actually require many hours in space and probably days on the lit side of the Moon.

[@Mp57navy]

From memory, it's about 14 meters.

[@unknowngod8221]

​@@Curious-Mr.-Leeyou should say it in more friendly way after all people will see you as being too agressive just saying.

[@MrScorpianwarrior]

I've watched quite a few scientific and observational videos on this topic now, but your comparison of catastrophic versus controlled failure possibly emphasizes the importance of material choice the best. Other videos focus on poor material choice, but it never occurred to me that a properly rated vessel should never have been able to catastrophically fail in the first place.

[@jonastjepkema]

I like the demonstration of the implosion, but it is important to also note that even if the sub had not imploded the passengers would have still died... The demonstration of the second can actually shows that because as you said, the can kept its shape but almost instantly filled with water and equalized the pressures. At the depth of the Titan, the reequalization (even just with an extremely small hole) would have been massive and would have killed the passengers. If that would not have killed the passengers, then in anycase the compressed air due to the equalization would be toxic for them and they probably would not have time to return to the surface before perishing... The biggest issue is not that the frame of the Titan imploded, it's that it was able to have a hole in the first place. That was the deadly part, because even if the sub had not imploded the passengers would have dies anyways....

[@emmetthowell899]

1:48 I have so much anxiety this invoked the same feeling as having a dream about missing/forgetting about an important test. Also I feel so seen with the anger behind kyle’s eyes because that’s exactly how I feel. By a narcissistic billionaire being greedy, a 19 year old boy who ONLY went to please his father lost his life in a fraction of a second. I have trouble feeling sympathy for the billionaires, but that one boy needs to be remembered as more than one of five in a tin can Edit: his name is Suleman Dawood and he was a student at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. I should’ve included this in my first comment

[@gearandalthefirst7027]

He wasn't a narcissist, he was blinded by self-confidence and had the power to act on it. Like all other billionaires. This is a known phenomenon.

[@emmetthowell899]

@@gearandalthefirst7027 I didn’t say he was a narcissist as in the personality disorder, but one of his traits is narcissism because he has an artificially inflated ego (his self-confidence that is unearned) which led to his actions. I think the phenomenon you’re speaking of is at least partly fueled by narcissism, they just have the money to follow through and it can harm others

[@piratessalyx7871]

I also think about poor Suleman too!

[@garygood6804]

He's sea paste now.

[@emmetthowell899]

@@garygood6804 what the ever-loving hell is wrong with you. You could’ve just… not said this and move along

[@whitecoffee1427]

Still insane to me how Any engineers worked on this. Any engineer with half a brain would know that carbon fibre cannot last many cycles, and also cannot be tested nondestructively, making it one of the absolute worst materials for a deep diving sub.

[@joe94c]

The ones that brought up safety issues got fired

[@zachmoize6075]

Probably made it lightweight so they could put it on a trailer or something.

[@whitecoffee1427]

@@joe94c thats true, but still. My dad and I watched the Sunday Morning episode on it last year, and both said it was doomed to fail as soon as we saw “carbon fibre construction”

[@whitecoffee1427]

@@zachmoize6075 thats exactly why. It was much cheaper to do it this way for transport etc, didnt have to buy as expensive equipment around it

[@bunsenn5064]

@@whitecoffee1427Aren’t there other lightweight metals that could’ve done the job much better? I’m no expert, but there’s gotta be a better way to do it.

[@felixfeliciano7011]

I really do appreciate the serious tone of the video. What happened was not a joke and it is important to understand what can occur when you ignore the extremes of physics, in this case, deep under the ocean.

[@josiah42]

Kyles half life stories are deadly serious. He knows what he's talking about.

[@finp9689]

Thats crazy, 1atm per 10m adds up very very quickly. I never new how high the pressure could get in the deep ocean. Also, side note thing. I'm currently studying chemical engineering at university, and the sort of pressure implosion you showed with the can, has happened all too often with large industrial tanks that are being cleaned with steam, and the operators forget to open the relief valve. This means that the steam slowly condenses over the course of a day and then suddenly the tank imploads from atmospheric pressure. Great vid kyle.

[@Eidolon1andOnly]

*implodes (not "implodes") I used to work at a computer chip fabricator, and there were all kinds of different chemicals in large vats and tanks on the premises, and seen one of them implode for the exact reasons you mentioned. They used steam to clean out the tank, but neglected to open the release valve.

[@reverts3031]

I watched James Cameron's "Deepsea Challenge" and everything was planned out beautifully... except that while exploring the bottom of the ocean - the hydraulic system controlling the arms used to take samples of the local area - failed shortly after being deployed. Makes me wonder what fluids were used in that system and whether or not it would have worked with a different fluid or if they should have come up with a completely different system.

[@emPtysp4ce]

Ten meters, 33 feet for one bar of pressure. Every scuba diver knows this by heart because if you don't then Robert Boyle will fuck you. And somehow, Rush missed it.

[@1chiTheKiller]

From what I read, the decompression was SO explosive and fast, the temperature inside reached that of the surface of the sun for a brief moment as it was compressing.

[@neilbarnett3046]

There's always a test. I used to have a poster in my teaching room, "Be ready for a test tomorrow, because one day there will be a test, and you'll be ready."

[@veenoir1991]

Its amazing how fast the can filled with water to equalize the pressure.

[@Hagunemnon]

For a little added perspective for folks (like me) who are still burdened by the Imperial system: 1 atm is roughly equivalent to 14.7 lbs. per sq. inch. If you've ever lifted a 15lb. dumbbell, you know that's a not inconsiderable amount of weight; now, apply that to every single square inch of your body at once. The summer chemistry class I had to take in university had a pretty good demo of this: the teacher had a friend who worked at a machine shop make him a steel weight with a 1 sq. inch contact on it. He had us put a hand flat on our desks and went around, laying the weight on the back of our hands. It started to hurt after a few seconds, and that was the equivalent of just one extra atmosphere of pressure. The Titan sub, from what I've read, was believed to have failed somewhere around 3.5km below sea level, which works out nicely to 350 atmospheres of pressure, or 5,143.6 lbs. per sq. inch. For reference: my car is a 2016 Toyota Camry, which weighs in at around 3,240 lbs. That's about one and a half Toyota Camrys. On every square inch of your vessel, on every square inch of your body. And the poor bastards in the Titan sub had to experience it, even if it was for an instance. All because of one man's short-sighted, egotistical vanity.

[@AlbertaGeek]

_"5,143.6 lbs. per sq. inch"_ Like when your mom gets on top. ...Sorry, I couldn't resist. Again, like your mom.

[@grudgebearer1404]

Not because of one man, once you give you ears to that one man you are responsible for your own Darwin Award.

[@Mordraneth]

@@grudgebearer1404 Well...those are certainly words....

[@evan5935]

Thankfully, they didn't experience any of it. The amount of time it took to crush, was less than both the time it takes to register pain and the time it takes to see what is happening by, I think, a factor of 5 and 10, respectively 🤷‍♂️

[@williamreilly5469]

I wonder what they really did experience ...❤

[@baronvandragon2427]

Another example of the pressure at that depth is a Styrofoam cup own by maritime archeologist James Delgado. It was attached to the outside of his submersible on a trip to the Titanic. That full size coffee cup is now no bigger than a large thimble due to the pressure.

[@m00t]

If you search for "Insider" "James Delgado" "Shipwreck Detective". He shows the cup at 4:26. Apparently they are souvenirs for expedition members. They write down names/messages and it all gets compressed down, including the writing.

[@ArDeeMee]

Now that’s a souvenir!

[@AusSkiller]

I like the can analogy, cans are actually incredibly strong and can deal with up to 5 atmospheres of pressure differential, but that only applies when the can is under tension, which happens when the pressure is on the inside, not the outside, and as you can see when the pressure is on the outside even one atmosphere of pressure is too much for it. This is the same with the carbon fibre hull, it is strongest under tension which would only happen if the inside of the sub was higher pressure than the outside, when the pressure is on the outside carbon fibre only has a fraction of the strength it is known for so its only benefit to a sub is the weight reduction not the strength.

[@alexdupaix]

I don't typically talk about people's clothes, but I think Kyle's shirt perfectly exemplifies exactly the sort of mindset the folks at Titan are alleged to have had. The demon core and the Titan sub are now linked in my mind.

[@OGNoNameNobody]

You left out the part where they can never be uncoupled in your mind.

[@Lost_itt]

Probably the most succinct demonstration while remaining accurate. Outstanding.

[@bilboswaggings]

You forgot the most important part While wearing a demon core meme of himself in a schoolgirl uniform

[@jritechnology]

Not really lol. Flash frying inside of a beer can is still not that desirable of an outcome.

[@philspaghet]

The absolute SPEED of how quickly implosion takes place is insane! NEVER underestimate physics.

[@ebnertra0004]

I remember being shocked at how fast the implosion happened when the Mythbusters imploded the tank car

[@victorhugoeh974]

That "Oceangate" label on the small can was a delightful touch 😅 Excellent video, Kyle😎👍 This is why one must never underestimate physics.

[@Kevin-xw1eo]

I can't overstate how much of a difference that "Safety culture" actually makes. It sounds like one of those boring cooperate buzz words that nobody uses outside of the board room and press releases but it actually makes a difference. No engineer, no designer, no computer, nobody and nothing will EVER make a 100% perfect foolproof design for ANYTHING. Being able to say "Hey.... This doesn't seem safe" and then having that examined and fixed absolutely saves lives. I work in the semiconductor industry. Surrounded by every nasty chemical known to man, robots zooming overhead, and enough electricity to power a small city yet it's actually extremely safe with only a handful of accidents in my 5 years there. And it's due to that safety culture in my opinion. When someone gets hurt whatever hurt them is addressed. I saw more injuries in the generic office job I worked previously than I do where I am now.

[@iankrasnow5383]

Aww you're bringing back nostalgic memories for me. When I was 12, I did a kids summer chemistry program at the local community college. The professor who was running it showed us the same can implosion demonstration, and let me say, for a 12 year old science nerd it was pretty exciting! Side note: regarding making water boil at room temperature simply with a straw longer than 10 meters- the AlphaPhoenix youtube channel actually tried that out and did a demonstration, which is definitely worth a watch.

[@blackbuffalo4179]

Amazing demonstration! I always think of something I heard a while ago that the rules of safety, are written in blood. Attempting to defy that without precaution is simply adding a new rule.

[@adambielen8996]

When the price of failure is instant annihilation there is no such thing as too many precautions.

[@oneofakind9995]

That's a great saying, where did it come from?

[@leechowning8728]

we do not make these rules as a hobby. Every one of those boring warning labels you ignore on a box is because someone, somewhere, did something. Yes... some of them are... disappointing. People who do things like try to get their kite untangled from the powerlines with a steel ladder. But they are there because somebody showed us that they could do it.

[@shanehunt3019]

One example we did for chemistry club at my college was using a beer keg. We'd hold little public outings where we demonstrate cool experiments that you can't easily do at home. One of the simplest ones was the can crush. Except we'd immediately go "Well it's just a soda can right?" Que the beer keg. We'd ask adults to come up to try to crush it. Then boil off water in it and seal it with the cap. Then put it aside and have it as a little side show throughout the next few demonstrations before it spontaneously crumples out of nowhere.

[@raymondheckford4546]

Damn that's genius!

[@sammykat2hb]

I'm equally blown away by the succinct, vivid demonstration of science and the increasing psychic damage Kyle inflicts with self-descriptions like "science educator and furry fanfic prompt" 🤣

[@janKanon]

where

[@sammykat2hb]

@@janKanon intro to the sponsor plug

[@sdfkjgh]

3:02 I...I have... _SOOOO_ many questions!!!

[@auroratheicewingrainwinghy1665]

So do I XD

[@tonyennis1787]

Kyle missed an important point. Water is not incompressible. It is almost incompressible. To compress water takes a lot of pressure. You get this pressure at 1000m. If water were truly incompressible, then at 400 atmospheres with a small hole in the sub, the air in a submarine would be compressed to 1/400 its volume and the crew would drown. Kyle said as much. But water is compressible, and it holds a terrible, _terrible_ potentially energy. In the scenario above where a small hole forms, that energy would be released at the hole at the speed of sound and obliterate the sub. The enormous pressure required to compress water is why implosions are so devastating. It isn't just the pressure, it's that the pressure compresses water and makes it into the most unforgiving bomb you can imagine.

[@cybisz2883]

We did that aluminum can experiment in my chemistry class (about 20 years ago now), but the implosion was much much more violent. The instant we dunked it into the water, the pop it gave was extremely loud and startled my lab partner and I.

[@hukaman88]

At that pressure if you don't respect it you go from biology to physics. Least it was painless

[@Arphalia]

A (avoidable) mistake that a person only gets to make once. A tragedy that didn't need to happen, but as the saying goes, play dumb games, win dumb prizes.

[@leogama3422]

Your meaty body will learn some fluid dynamics

[@whammywatermelon]

I love how he tries to explain why the water only boils when he puts heat underneath it and just says, whatever mid sentence

[@darkdragonsoul99]

There was so many massive design flaws with that thing it's amazing it survived any depth let alone getting down to where it did fail.

[@danielbickford3458]

The dangers of pressures reminds me, in one of Eric Flint's Grantville books there is a scene which a convict is stuffed into a jury-rigged pressure suit and told to walk into the depths. Unfortunately the hand pumps that was providing him the pressure and oxygen so he could survive this didn't have a backflow stop so when the pumps broke, the pressure turned him into paste.

[@miaththered]

I remember a scene from Down Periscope that fits perfectly. "If we go too far down, the hull of this boat will crush in like an empty beer can." - The dude whose name I can't remember who was the sub's chief engineer.

[@miaththered]

@@estwikphoto Yep, that's what I was thinking of.

[@JaxMerrick]

Wasn't his name Howard, or something? I definitely remember Stepanek there with him.

[@MagiTycho]

Played by Harry Dean Stanton!

[@tangydiesel1886]

Quality movie

[@maurvir3197]

For a "goofy comedy", that film had no business being that good.

[@diotough]

I've read several articles claiming that on a submarine during an implosion the inrushing water might compress the airbubble violently to a point at which everything would most likely ignite instantly. Not to mention that a sudden increase in pressure would probably rip bodies apart. I'd expect occupants in a submarine dying probably of 3-4 causes at once: 1 pressure increase ripping all hollow organs apart 2 massive increase in pressure incinerates everything 3 violent deformation crushes bodies 4 inrushing water crushing and ripping everything apart

[@sparrowlt]

Yes.. they simply ceased to exist as a coherent body instantly.. like Kyle said in a previous video its like if you had made the hull of 160kg of TNT and detonated all at once.. everything inside becames atoms

[@duelbraids]

Fun fact: my summer gig is as an outreach educator for our local science center, and we have a program called Science Around the World, where one of our “destinations” is the deep sea. We bring up the challenger deep, the way that submersibles like bathyscaphes work to negate pressure, and all in the lead up to a can crush demo. I did one the day that news of the Titan dropped. You can see where this is going.

[@StudioHannah]

Oh no

[@duelbraids]

@@StudioHannah Thankfully most of the parents took it gracefully but **I** didn’t know about it until someone told me after the demo. Which was just wild.

[@THall-vi8cp]

I've done experiments like this. It's pretty crazy to watch. In high school, our chemistry teacher was going over the fact that it isn't heat that boils water but a reduction in pressure at the surface. To demonstrate this, he put a glass vacuum bell over a beaker of water, pumped out the air, and the water began boiling quite violently. I'm not sure if you've covered this, but it would be interesting to go over the mechanics of what happens during a violent and sudden _drop_ in pressure. For example, the Byford Dolphin accident.

[@laerson123]

Your teacher is wrong. Both heat and pressure affect boiling. If you heat water, you increase the rate of water particles that turn into vapor, and if you decrease pressure, you decrease the rate of vapor water particles that turn into liquid.

[@THall-vi8cp]

@@laerson123 If you want to look at it that way. I'm going to argue that a PhD in Chemistry and Physics dumbed down the explanation for a bunch of High Schoolers. It does all come down to pressure. Water and air each contain a certain amount of kinetic energy, which can simply be called pressure (and I will refer to it as such from here on out). The atmosphere above water contains more pressure than the water, and is exerting that pressure on the surface of the liquid. Enough of a water temperature increase overcomes that difference in pressure raising it above the atmospheric pressure and the water boils. Conversely, applying enough of a vacuum lowers the atmospheric pressure to a point below that of the water, at which point the water will begin to boil. One can get into the complexity of vapor pressure and all that, but the simplicity of it is that we can either raise the energy of the water to overcome atmospheric pressure or decrease atmospheric pressure to a point below the energy in the water. In both cases, it's the pressure that determines it, as demonstrated when trying to boil water in a sealed container; the boiling point is raised because the pressure is contained.

[@SamaraiBoi]

@@THall-vi8cpLet’s just say there is a reason why ice cracks when being put in hot tea.

[@THall-vi8cp]

@persik123 Thermal shock.

[@AJGaeming]

7:50 goddammit, these are the small infromational bits I enjoy, don't stop explaining literally everything sciency-stuff :D

[@j_arrows5898]

When I work with my CCATT docs, they love explaining atmospheric pressure changes at elevations. I though 1 atm was like 14lbs, about 12lbs where we live and it’s “fun” to see the elevation sickness that hits people at 14k feet , even 6k feet is messing some people up. This reminds me, scuba divers should have the hydrostatic pressure of their air tanks every 5 years!

[@FSAPOJake]

Thunderf00t's videos on this subject are amazing and go into the nitty gritty details and calculations. I highly recommend them. The gist is - the Titan sub was put together with glue, and parts made of different materials were glued together. The differing materials and glue all compressed at different rates. After enough trips down to the Titanic, it wore down so bad that the glue gave out which sucked the water in at such a tremendous rate that it compressed the air in the sub, heating it up tremendously, and blowing it to pieces. We know from some data that came out that they tried to ascend shortly before the destruction happened but it just wasn't working, meaning water was probably rushing in from a pinhole-size hole for a bit, before the hull eventually gave out.

[@gabbyn978]

The alleged communication with the mothership implies that they sank at an alarming rate, and could not ascend as fast as they normally would. One KZbinr commented that this looks like there was already something wrong with the system long before it imploded. Yet, the crew didn't notice anything wrong until they were about 400 meters (1200 feet) above the Titanic. After this, they had about 20 minutes to live. I wonder if that was water that had invaded the outer layers. Invisible from the inside until the battery failed.

[@MSusername69]

yea i think his video explaining what happened is most likely what happened to the titan. it was the glue or it could be the view port the failed but the results would still be the same, water rushing in and causing a water hammer making the sub fall apart.

[@krischn23]

TF also tells us that Kyle's explanation is BS as no matter how strong your material is, if you're deep enough (as the vessel was) you're effed anyway. If there's hole in it whatever tiny, you're done for and bless your soul.

[@mrosskne]

"the titan sub was put together with glue" you can just stop there

[@gabbyn978]

@@krischn23 only that the tiny hole won't stay tiny for long. It will be the base for a crack in the hull in one direction, then the crack will be the base for the next one; and even before you noticed that something is wrong, you're a goner

[@john-wiggains]

I’ve been waiting for this since the accident happened and I’ve not been disappointed. Thanks Kyle!!! Best teacher ever

[@tmanknoll9702]

This was amazing illustration! I just wish it didn't take the death of a child to bring attention to it. Please keep doing what you do, it may save child in the future that we never have to learn about.

[@SuiLagadema]

Kyle I think you'll find interesting the sinking of the USS Thresher. First the US Navy just said they imploded and everybody died right away, but officially declassified documents from the Department of the Navy showed they, at least, lasted 3 days during the search for it (it included 2 submarines, multiple surface vessels, they really tried to recover them). I think is a good tangent as to that implosion doesn't always mean organic matter turning to physics, but that there's a much complex event. There's a channel; Sub Brief; which covers the tragedy of the USS Thresher. He's a former sonarman from a Los Angeles attack sub, and very knowledgeable in all thing submarine-related. I hope you find this comment interesting.

[@chaoticharmonyirl944]

Fantastic Demo! Another analogy i think of often is that the surface of Venus is around 90atm of pressure, so at the titanic's depth you have around *Four* Venus worth of pressure. 90 ATM was enough to cause significant issues when combined with the immense heat and caustic atmosphere for the Venera probes.

[@Flesh_Wizard]

90atm, over 450°C. That's supercritical carbon dioxide territory

[@CitizenSnips88]

This whole oceangate thing is fascinating because it isn't just one singular fault that caused it to implode. For such a small submersible it really is a gigantic fustercluck! Everything from design to manufacturing and every component from stem to stern was just sketchy as hell. I also happened to see on instagram that the "it was just a hoax, trust me bro" crowd have latched onto this... Geeze

[@pierrecurie]

The real miracle is how it lasted this long

[@mccharmlys]

im literally so happy to still see you posting content, i watched you a few years back and you randomly popped into my mind again and im happy you're still doing this

[@BongoBaggins]

It's not (just) the pressure that kills. The same physics applied to the submarine as applies in a diesel cylinder. The rapid build-up of pressure would heat everything inside the submarine, instantly, vapourising its contents as quickly as it crushed it.

[@TheFunniBaconMan]

I love how startled he gets when the beer can suctions to the bottom of the pan.

[@FW25]

Important to remember: what killed the crew so quickly was the rapid decompression of the water itself into the vessel. Water molecules get compressed by about 10% at that depth so it’s actually the decompression that kills first.

[@jtsharp6129]

Billionaire Goo.😅

[@johndc2998]

Be careful putting boiling water in soda cans. They have plastic liners inside which melt and emit toxic fumes. Should use a respirator.

[@Tyrinath]

One of the greatest examples of perspective that I took from this whole situation and learning about submarines: It is orders of magnitude easier to build a spaceship than a submarine. A space vessel must merely contain 1 atmosphere of pressure. (And radiation shielding but shush) where as a sub must WITHSTAND the force from the outside crushing in, to the order of (In this case 375ish) hundreds of atmospheres of pressure.

[@mex55]

I wouldnt say "easier" each aplication has very dificult hurdles it needs to jump through. and theres been far more catastrophic failures going to space than there had been going to the ocean. its not like this is the 1st ever submurisible to exist its just the creator gave not an abosolute F about safety.

[@Tyrinath]

@@mex55 No doubt, space has the bigger hurdle of... getting into space. But if I am to narrow down. "Which thing has an easier time existing in its intended environment" perhaps. Mostly was my point that the forces the structures have to resist once in place are not only opposite in type, but one is by orders of magnitude higher. But to flip this on it's head, it's thought that there are large nebulas of water floating out in space, allowed to exist as liquid due to immense pressure of gravity.

[@Funkin_Disher]

See also Futurama episode 'The Deep South'

[@blackmoon8459]

@@Funkin_Disher "How many atmosphere's is the ship rated to Professor?" "Well, since it is a spaceship, I'd say somewhere between zero and one."

[@40watt53]

Here to reply with the Futurama quote, I see it's already been done twice.

[@LizzyWithAWhy]

8:05 the way he scoots back in his chair a little tells me he was half expecting it to explode

[@Vares65]

So I knew the first part of what you were going to do but I wasn't expecting the second experiment, which I enjoyed very much. Thanks!

[@jakehr3]

Adding onto your straw thing This is actually why Trees over 10m tall are so impressive. They have roots that get water from the ground, and then they move that water over 10m from the root system to the top of the tree. The only way that is actually possible is by the tree creating negative pressure at the top of the tree, which allows them to get water to the top of the trees. So for trees to exist over 100m tall (tallest tree measured being 115.92m) that have to create over -10 ATM of pressure to get water to the very top of their root systems in order to distribute it out to their leaves.

[@sentientmonke8265]

Damn

[@MrPaxio]

not really, you could make water climb infinitely without pressure or suction but with capillary action. which is what the tree is doing, nothing to do with the tree creating negative energy, or operate like some compressor, lol. maybe the tree is filled with fiber optics and the guvernment uses it to spy on u? which is how it gets its wireless energy, through the 5g interference of course

[@RipRLeeErmey]

​@@MrPaxio Trees, much like our circulatory system, use a combination of both in order to most efficiently pass nutrients and water to their cells.

[@MrPaxio]

​@@RipRLeeErmey but if the trees generated 10bar, theyd go off like bombs when you chop into em 😂😂

[@NotLard]

this has to be one of my favorite videos of yours. absolutely fascinating and a great way to use this tragic event as a learning experience for the future.

[@paperizzy]

I've honestly been waiting for this. Thanks for everything you do.

[@ajakethompson]

I like how your example uses a container that’s designed for higher internal pressure. As it brings to mind the fact they were using carbon fiber to make the titan which is better for internal pressure.

[@HKaito]

Best example of how pressure works on depth. Also I loved the reference of the shirt too because thats what happen when you DON'T follow the protocol of safe protection on radiation wich this is what titan did on submarine. Do not cut corners always create with precatious before testing the real thing.

[@spazzdineveryway]

Definitely a responsible, necessary video for your aspiring engineers and scientists. Thanks for taking that into consideration. You don’t cheat the house. Physics must be respected.

[@johnwuethrich4196]

The water pressure alone was enough to kill them/cut and or crush but I've gotta imagine the carbon fiber shards were probably more violent than a metal crunch

[@sladewilson9741]

The water comes in a pressures that cut through everything. It's no "better" than carbon fiber shards. It's all the same down there.

[@Aaa-vp6ug]

The fibres probably never got to them before they evaporated on a cellular level. Well, not evaporated. Ruptured. Same end result.

[@mahmga1]

Kyle - As always, even being physics 101 you make it fun & worthwhile to play along saying the words "up to specification"

[@Gilgwathir]

7:30 I love how Kyle went through the trouble of taping over the logo on the can, when there's exactly one brand of beer on the planet that uses this shape and junkyness for their beer cans.

[@rayd2kill839]

There's an excellent demonstration on the pressures at the depth that the Titanic is at, during an exploration of the ship for the movie if I'm correct they had a bunch of styrofoam cups and placed them into a chamber that would be exposed to the pressures. After they resurfaced you see that the cups became as small as a thimble due to the immense pressures.

[@ankokuraven]

Cool demo kyle! This kind of tragedy is inevitable when greed is allowed to run unchecked or under regulated.

[@TowerArcanaCrow]

Typical corporate avarice mixed with typical "tech genius" narcissism. Nothing genius about getting squished into tomato paste is there?

[@mrosskne]

Fortunately capitalism will correct this automatically. The companies involved will never recover from this financially.

[@ankokuraven]

@@mrosskne Capitalism is why it happened in the first place. This is what it does when it can get around regulations.

[@TowerArcanaCrow]

@@ankokuraven it may be a self correcting system but it would be better if it didn't have the chance to catastrophically fail like this in the first place.

[@mrosskne]

@@ankokuraven And it will correct itself.

[@Vidar_Odinson]

I would love to see this done in high speed. It's so instant in real time.

[@mulierbellator5316]

Questions: I can understand the pressure coming from above. How is the pressure coming from below and from all sides of the submersible? Does the shape of the submersible matter? [The cans you used were cylindrical]

[@MrNikolidas]

The answer to your first question neatly leads on to the answer of your second one. The pressure from above is the only direction that matters because of gravity, which is why the equation for pressure only takes the column of water above the object into account. Once the object is compromised from any direction, the equalisation of pressure from that point of weakness is what causes it to crumple, not the pressure coming from the other sides. Submersibles are circular on the inside to minimise the points of weakness in ANY direction (as, you know, they can rotate in 3 dimensions). The Challenger Deep submersibles are completely circular for that reason, and small enough to minimise the surface area for the column of water above it. The next best shape for submersibles that don't need to go that far down and need to house more crew on board, is a lengthened circle - a cylinder.

[@chrisxd146]

It's super unfortunate I graduated with a bachelor's in mechanical engineering before this incident happened. It would've provided a beneficial research topic for my capstone. Anyways, you did a fantastic job explaining how the implosion happened in an easy to understand manner. A slightly more complex explanation is that composite materials - which the hull was made of - are sturdy against tensile forces. The actual elastic modulus is an average of the compressive and tensile strength, but generally composites fail at lower stresses when in compression. Traditional metals (i.e. carbon steel or titanium) are materials best suited for high pressure conditions for a multitude of reasons. The simplest is the predictable failure modes in which we have dozens of models to predict when, where, and how a failure in a specific condition will occur. Models for composites and ceramics are still in active development since it's a balancing act between accuracy and simulating in a reasonable amount of time. The Titan sub is an excellent example of why safety standards exist. Stockton argued that they stifle innovation, but his idea of innovation arose from the flawed idea that cutting costs no matter what fits that definition. This seems to be a common trend wherein individuals that lack the necessary knowledge for a given discipline implement policies or issue demands on how those with the technical background should perform their jobs.

[@13thraikage66]

I was just going through the titan sub rabbit hole this morning lol thanks for extending it ☠️

[@johnmiller2689]

Since the viewport was entirely blown out, do you think that was the failure point, or maybe one of the welds?

[@Brown95P]

TIL implosions aren't that much different from you crushing a soda can with your bare hands. As a sidenote, I can say with absolute certainty that the chad beer can that didn't implode is from the Sapporo brand (you can actually see the back logo @8:11 here); great city btw, definitely worth traveling to Japan for. I can't tell what the brand of the virgin soda can is, though.

[@que3no085]

Thunderf00t had very interesting hypothesis in his 2nd Titanic video of how that submersible failed. But he basically proposed that it failed , because that "eye" made out of titan in front that is glued onto composite body had very different pressure compressability than that composite material.

[@scurvofpcp]

Also keep in mind, just because it can handle that pressure once does not mean it can handle infinite cycles.

[@gmhelwig]

I still want to see some horror movie where the hero says, "The Laws of Physics compel you!"

[@lynneshapiro3248]

Dr. Hill, thank you so VERY much for your vids! Excellent, riveting, jaw-dropping. You are our 'Bill Nye The Science Guy' for the 2020's. Health-wise, hydrostatic pressure for someone in water is a wonderful thing! Exercising in water for people who have disabilities or issues where they can't have as healthy a lifestyle on land is better because the pressure of water increases circulation via venous return, increases energy expenditure because of the body moving through something thicker than air, AND the gravity is a whole lot less. Of course, it's recommended that you DON'T go down 10,000+ feet. 4-7 feet in a pool is fine, thank you very much. (Your average pool is only 10 feet deep aka 3.33 meters, BTW) Also folks, ever wonder why you have to pee after swimming? This 'hydrostatic pressure' is from water pushing on your WHOLE body, making your circulation go 'way faster and makes your kidneys filter waste faster. It's like the principle of a hose that you hold kinked and the water shoots out. I AM taking a test later, Kevin! The 'water fitness instructor' test actually, about shit like hydrostatic pressure, hydrodynamics, turbulence, form drag, frictional drag, wave drag, specific gravity, Archimedes' principle of buoyancy, surface tension, and lots of other boring stuff that I'll probably never remember but I'll use and DO in the biz of teaching water aerobics. I won't ignore water physics or the properties of water just to make a bunch of people bounce around in the water with NO CLUE why I'm making them do it. Oh, yes...a LOT of my people are in Waupaca, Waukesha, and Neenah-Menasha.

[@sid7906]

To think all of this would have been avoided if they just weren't cheap and bought a military-grade submarine. Or listened to the engineers about depth safety.

[@FirebreathXIII]

Most military subs aren't rated for that depth, rated for 1,000m or less. Most of them are usually about 600-800m for max test depth (crush and max operational depths are not really advertised for obvious reasons). Unless they get some of the rescue subs, which are rated to go deeper, but even those are not expected to go beyond 3,000m or so - 3/4 of the way to the Titanic anyway. And good luck getting any of those in your civilian hands. :\

[@battlesheep2552]

Military submarines don't have windows in the pressure hull, which would make going down to see the Titanic wreck pointless.

[@whitecoffee1427]

Or didnt make it out of carbons fibre and instead used steel that could last more cycles because it has a plastic and elastic deformation curve unlike carbon fibre which just breaks. Plus, steel can be tested with ultrasound to see if it is still ok without destroying it, whereas carbon fibre you have no way of testing it.

[@lNOFXlCronier]

Military subs are not rated to reach the depths of the titanic. The Russian typhoon are rated for 4000 and are the deepest rated subs. The titanic is at 12 000 feet

[@whitecoffee1427]

@@battlesheep2552 fr what I would do is have a robotic sub go down once and record it and make it super cool, or even have one that goes down, and make the porthe a super high quality screen and just bring the sub with people on it down maybe 500 feet and rock it around as we “go down”. Scamming :)

[@rafaelperalta1676]

Out of all the videos I've watched regarding Titan, yours is one of my top 3.

[@corysagataw]

3:12 ... when I'm trying to save up for a brand new death rAAAYyyyy, Death Rave.

[@mastafaforga]

Can you do a video of what happened internally. Like the instant compression heating up the air to thousands of degrees, and the behavior of cells and bone at those pressures.

[@dracoslayer16]

Some surgeon guy did a video on that. Turns out you'd basically be turned into instant jelly. The heat would be high but very brief, like waving a blowtorch over your entire self, for a tiny fraction of a second.

[@jaroslavpesek6642]

The heat would do nothing.

[@mastafaforga]

@jaroslavpesek6642 doesnt make it less fascinating. Compressing air at that delta, that fast would be over 2300F, assuming it imploded at the depth of last contact. Compress tissue into a gel and heat it up to that temp, and see how it would change. It doesn't change anything, but if people are interested, they will be interested.

[@storyspren]

Pretty sure cells and bone would stop existing too fast with this sort of pressure change to have any sort of behavior.