Titration Experiment & Calculate the Molarity of Acetic Acid in Vinegar

Learn the BEST ways to perform a titration as well as how to EASILY complete titration calculations. Titration safety, equipment, techniques, and terminology will also be explained in this video. The sample titration is the double replacement reaction between a standardized sodium hydroxide solution and the acetic acid in household vinegar. The molarity (concentration) of the acetic acid in vinegar will be calculated.

[@Mariely1]

My chem professor is literally no help these days. God bless you. Having no option but to do Chemistry online is difficult! I’m sure a lot of students are having a hard time during this quarantine.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Marisol Torres sorry to hear that, but glad to hear the video helped you during this tough time.

[@HotDogLA]

I agree, it’s so disappointing, it’s almost criminal. Thank you Ms.Schmidt

[@Dbf1339]

Same he doesn't even respond too my emails

[@fenixx48]

@@Dbf1339 Same here. This is so helpful!

[@oguzorchinasaramokwu636]

🎉 that is great😊

[@romayi7983]

This video was beyond helpful, even 5 years later. You're a wonderful educator and explained this complex reaction is such a simple way!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you so much! Comments like this help encourage me to keep making content.

[@aishamashitah2941]

thank you for helping me with online simulation during this COVID-19 outbreak.

[@AnneSchmidt]

citoh 00 glad the video helped you!

[@adammorrison7104]

You're not the only one who needs this

[@kbuster2473]

this is very helpful and straightforward, thanks for helping a fellow chemistry student who is barely surviving

[@AnneSchmidt]

Glad to hear the video helped you! Keep trying and you will succeed.

[@anjobonzal4489]

The only 15-minute lecture video that I actually watched from beginning to end. This is so helpful. Thanm you so much!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thanks Anjo!

[@Maverick_Wolf-nr2zq]

A thank you from Australia!! I’ve got a chem personal project and I’m so glad I found this! Sometimes I’m afraid to ask questions in class so I’m glad I can learn and rewatch your vids until I understand without judgement!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Outstanding to hear! Best wishes ☺️

[@roberthernandezfilmproduct5178]

Thank you, I have this experiment in HOL and I had no idea what I was suppose until I saw this video. This cleared things up so well!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Wonderful!

[@ameliarhinerson9352]

this was super helpful for my lab tonight! Thank you for how clearly you showed all the steps!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thanks 😊

[@melisajabs]

This was really helpful! Thank you so much for the additional information as well!

[@danleewadsworth3532]

Simply brilliant and informative 🇯🇲

[@davidsimpfenderfer8840]

Literally the best video on titration! Thank you so much

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you David! Outstanding to hear it helped you.

[@ciarapotter9362]

There's a spot in heaven waiting for you! You're amazing:)

[@AnneSchmidt]

Aww 🥰 thank you Ciara❣️

[@prpawar1942]

Thank You!! Now I actually understand what to do in my Chemistry depth study.

[@AnneSchmidt]

prpawar You’re Welcome 😊 Glad to hear the video helped you be more successful with Titrations!

[@coralanna2490]

I can finally complete my chemistry assignment thanks to you! great video :)

[@AnneSchmidt]

That’s great to hear Coral! Thank you and best wishes.

[@alphamale4497]

Holy moly thank you so much for this video! We had lab online and in person but still didn’t know how to solve all of this! You helped me and my girl friend so much! Thank you!

[@AnneSchmidt]

That’s great to hear! So glad the video was helpful 😃

[@l0lka88]

Thank you, You are my COVID19 online lab hero... I'm your fan #1 !

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you! Hopefully, more labs to be loaded besides the ones already on my channel.

[@ralphreyes8634]

Your explanation is very easy to understand! Thanks!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you Ralph!

[@sarcadistic9762]

You have no idea how much you helped me.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Super to hear the video was helpful! Best wishes

[@whitneykaye]

Thank you! I appreciate you uploading this!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Whitney, I am happy to hear the video helped you!

[@LilsergeRMG]

I noticed this video was Post for few years now, and it's going to help me today. Thank you

[@AnneSchmidt]

That’s outstanding!

[@savannamacdonald7737]

God bless you woman. I have seen some senseless videos our school sent us. But this really helped

[@AnneSchmidt]

Glad to hear the video was helpful!

[@DrywallDevourer143]

Have to do this titration alone for a final today and you really helped with my calculations bless you!

[@AnneSchmidt]

It’s wonderful to hear that my video helped you with your final today. Thanks for the wonderful comment. Best wishes in your studies.

[@bassamal-jabri9121]

Thank you so much. You help me a lot, I appreciate 🌹

[@AnneSchmidt]

Yay! It is fantastic to hear the video helped you 😁

[@idongesitsunday8104]

This is lovely I haven't seen any teaching practical chemistry as you do

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you!

[@rosaolson9764]

Thank you very much for this video, I now feel confident in my results!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Whohoo! That is great to hear Rosa.

[@emin8851]

@@AnneSchmidt Can we use your video at our lab lesson

[@AnneSchmidt]

İsmail Emin Kula absolutely!

[@olareny5818]

Thank you that was very helpful. I was lost as to how to fill out the lab manual. Do you think you can do a video on stoichiometry? Thanks again.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Glad the video helped. Stoichiometry is on my list of videos I need to make very soon!

[@camilaklein2704]

Thank you for your help, lots of love from a Brazilian student who doesn’t have lab classes yet because of covid here :(

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you Camila ❤️ Wishing for lab experience soon for you.

[@leeoliver2969]

Super job. I understand it now because you explained all steps clearly.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Lee Oliver yeah! That is so great 😃 to hear.

[@braden11miller70]

You just saved my chem lab grade. Very helpful. Thank you so much!!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Yay! Outstanding 😁 and you are very welcome.

[@wasapabhishek]

Ma'am you are such a great teacher and this channel deserves millions of subscribers , stay blessed ma'am 💚

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you Abhishek!

[@yeatea7269]

You are a lifesaver! Thank u so much!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Happy to help!

[@lordoftherings999]

Really thank thee for helping me in Chemistry course!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Outstanding 😃 Happy to help!

[@tokarapapa4654]

Thank you so much this is the best titration video I have seen

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank You! This is outstanding to hear. Best wishes 🧪

[@kiransomal3525]

Wish I watched this before my practical! It was on this experiment (chosen by prof. out of all the other experiments). Completely bombed the calculations. This was super helpful and I now understand it 100%. I still have my theory exam which will involve calculations, I hope this will be on it so I can prove what I've learned!!!! Thank you so much for your knowledge.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Happy to help and best wishes Kiran on the theory exam!

[@kiransomal3525]

@@AnneSchmidt thank you!! :)

[@AnneSchmidt]

@@kiransomal3525 you are so very welcome! Best wishes 😃

[@Leo-ss9tk]

I'm doing this experiment tomorrow, so thanks for the heads up video

[@AnneSchmidt]

Hope the video was helpful!

[@katydornbos870]

Anne, your video came up when I was searching for titrations! Great work :)

[@AnneSchmidt]

Very Cool. Thanks Katy!

[@jiangminxie7623]

This is an excellent explanation! Next week I will have chem exam, I think it can help me a lot! Thank u for your video😊

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you 😊 It’s nice to hear the video was helpful! Best wishes on your Chem exam.

[@geeljireoomaar6140]

Thank you very much. Both content and clarity of your video are excellent

[@AnneSchmidt]

I appreciate the wonderful comment! Great to hear the video so efficient and helpful.

[@naboria5]

thank you for helping with online simulation of this important chemistry topic during this COVID-19 pandemic and online classes.

[@AnneSchmidt]

It’s wonderful to hear that the video was helpful for such an important chemistry topic. Thanks Pedro 😅

[@lovelyyyy4336]

bless you. you are really helping me understand what to do for my chem lab.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Jada Smith yay! That’s super great 😀 Glad to help 👍🏻

[@PK-nh7uv]

Watched your video before my practical exam on titration. Coming back to thanks for the A🥰

[@AnneSchmidt]

Congratulations 🎉 and thanks for the thank you! Always wonderful to hear my videos are helpful.

[@patriciac6488]

this is so helpful thank you!

[@AnneSchmidt]

😊

[@SandPizza]

this video is very informative and i think this video will help a lot in my upcoming IGCSE Chemistry exam next week thank you so much

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you Mohamed!

[@gronquillo12]

thx for the help 2 but you had a miscalculation for volume of NaOH used for second trial! Still helped

[@ikediezemadubike4541]

I love this .. Such a Great moment WITH U

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you 😊

[@cameroncrowley4976]

Thank you so much .This helped me so much. I am on 2 week break and I have a chemistry test 2nd day back and this has clarified so much. Just one question, when you put final and initial amounts into the table. Is the initial amount, the amount of titrant that was in the Burnett’s before you added any NaOH? As it says an amount less than 1 but the final amount is around 35? Thanks again

[@AnneSchmidt]

The initial amount is the buret reading before any NaOH was added to the vinegar in the flask. Some instructors would have you fill your buret exactly to zero, but that is t necessary unless you plan to make a titration curve using pH probes and a graphing program.

[@zahraamohammed5570]

Hello How can I get the summary of the experiment?! Please help me I have to write a summary about that😫and I have to work on a project for design.

[@TheOtherGuybo]

That was outstanding Thanks for the clear explanations

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thank you! Great to hear the video was helpful and clear.

[@debabratapaul949]

Thanks a lot, ma'am......this video helped me at the last moment

[@AnneSchmidt]

Outstanding! Glad it was helpful 😁

[@krishnaswamy6684]

Thank you so much for this video. Is there any way you can teach to calculate ph and poh without using the calculator

[@AnneSchmidt]

Glad the video helped you! I like the idea 💡 of showing how to calculate or estimate the pH and pOH without a calculator.

[@syuhadaafiqah]

Oh god thank u for helping me w the calculations

[@AnneSchmidt]

Happy to hear the video helped you!

[@miralpotter8255]

Thanks ❤️❤️❤️❤️Really for helping

[@AnneSchmidt]

Mayar Potter so happy to hear the video helped you! Pass on the help others💜

[@kaylanguyen9734]

hi! this video was super helpful! i just had a quick question. if for my lab, i had used 6.12 g of NaOH, which converted to moles would be 0.153 mol of NaOH, would i use that when calculating the molarity of the acetic vinegar? or would i use the molarity of the NaOH standard solution?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Since it is a 1:1 mole ratio if 6.12 grams was needed of NaOH to neutralize the Acetic Acid you would have 0.153 mol of acetic acid which you could then divide by the volume of the acetic acid used (vinegars volume).

[@storm_9605]

Do I need to add water to the flask if i am measuring the concentration of acetic acid. will not adding water produce diffrent/wrong result?

[@BjjWill14]

Hello! Great video is gonna be a great help for my final on this with the exact same chemicals, my question is how would I find avg number of NaOH used in the trials?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Nice! Good luck and thank you 😊

[@macjimenez1255]

Hello Anne! Thanks for this. I know that the volume of the vinegar is already known but isn't it adding distilled water before reaching the titration may affect the rate at which the vinegar and sodium hydroxide reach the end point? Or that could be ignored and assume that it doesn't affect the titration process.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Nope. The water won't affect the rate of reaction. Water is the solvent of the vinegar (95% water and 5% acetic acid). Since we measured the volume of vinegar used the water added after will not alter the calculations.

[@geeljireoomaar6140]

Ann i am a science teacher here in kenya Africa. I have been trying to make white vinegar but failed repeatedly. Please hiw do i make white abd commercial vinegars. Thanks Ann

[@chaiyingwen6743]

Can you tell me what factor affects the rate of this reaction and how?

[@freya3313]

Thank you so much kween!

[@AnneSchmidt]

😁

[@pratikgandhi4952]

Hello Anne, Thanks a ton for the video. I need one more help if you can. Can you please explain how do we convert molarity to mass percentage?

[@AnneSchmidt]

You will need to have the density of vinegar in grams/mL to convert the volume used to grams to total mass. Then you can use the moles of vinegar used and the molar mass to find the mass of the acetic acid molecules. Then divide the mass of the acetic acid by the total mass of the acetic acid solution used and x 100.

[@itsi4778]

Thank you so much!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Wonderful to hear the video was helpful❣️

[@sierrawynne2270]

this video is a god send

[@AnneSchmidt]

Aww ☺️ thanks! Happy to help.

[@kbuster2473]

Hi did u make an aliquot of the vinegar? Since once I tried it in school the phenolphthalein indicator did not show at all. Thank you

[@AnneSchmidt]

Phenolphthalein will be no color in the vinegar (maybe cloudy due to the fact that it is dissolved in alcohol). It will turn pink when you have excess base ions because of its equilibrium reaction. I just used the vinegar I bought from the store. You could make "vinegar" from more concentrated acetic acid solution and dilute it to make about 0.8-0.9 M solution of acetic acid.

[@nahfid2003]

Thanks a million!

[@AnneSchmidt]

You’re Welcome 😊

[@aliyusanishehu271]

Really thank thee for helping me in Chemistry course

[@AnneSchmidt]

You are very welcome.

[@aliyusanishehu271]

@@AnneSchmidt THANKS

[@JCQuadcopters]

Thankyou from Australia, we have a prac on this exact titration coming up which goes towards our final score in Year 12 Chemistry, so this really helped :)

[@AnneSchmidt]

Great to hear the video helped! Best wishes on your lab prac on titrations.

[@andre816]

Omg! THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! ❤

[@AnneSchmidt]

You are so very welcome! Happy to hear the video was helpful.

[@anabelng3999]

Hi Anne, are you able to tell me how you know you have reached equivalent point? If I understand this correctly, the end point is when the solution becomes pink after swirling the flask, but im struggling to understand the difference between these two points? Thank you!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Equivalence point is where mathematically the moles of acid are equal to the moles of base for this titration. The endpoint is a color change from the indicator that signals that that point has been reached. A specific indicator needs to be used for different acid and base titrations depending on if the acid or base are weak or strong.

[@imppanel7883]

love how used that jacket is

[@sophiemeier7739]

Would you be able to share the mass of the empty vial and the mass of the vinegar so I'm able to find density? Thanks!

[@AnneSchmidt]

I do not have that data. Sorry

[@amyfaulkner1196]

What is the inital and final reading of the buret? I can not zoom in on the video

[@AnneSchmidt]

It’s in the data table in the second half of the video

[@curiash]

What a video mam,, Wow ⚗️⚗️ Keep making video Your big fan from India ,Mam

[@AnneSchmidt]

Ashutosh Patel thank you! Glad the video helped 👍🏻

[@wilsonlin6645]

I have a question with the 2 decimal places when marking down the volume of the titrant(NAOH). Wouldn't it be one decimal place as you can not be more accurate than the measurement equipment(the burette) itself? Or maybe is your burette just more accurate than the one I have at school as the one I use during practicals only measure to 0.1 of a mL. This was a very informative video and has cleared up many things for me. Thanks!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Burets read an estimated hundredths place because there are markings ever tenths place.

[@MDDCRUZSCH-gp2no]

hi professor!!! may I ask for any references you used for the accepted value (13:30) for concentration of acetic acid in vinegar?? this will help me a lot for my laboratory work, thanks in advanced!

[@AnneSchmidt]

If you search the accepted value for vinegar you get what I had in the video. You can also use the 5% and calculate the molarity of acetic acid in water to get a similar molarity from your web search.

[@elias5837]

thank you

[@AnneSchmidt]

You are very welcome! Glad the video helped you.

[@kevintrevor2582]

THANK YOU SO MUCH

[@AnneSchmidt]

You are VERY Welcome!

[@orianarosario4010]

What was the initial and final reading of the acid? I know the volume of vinegar was 20.00 mL.

[@AnneSchmidt]

Both are in the video and in the first calculation halfway through the video.

[@beingallme8932]

Is bioenzyme acidic or alkaline in nature?

[@guytingain3201]

How the calculated molarity of vinegar could be affected if I forgot to rinse the burette with the titrant solution in the beginning?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Your base NaOH will be diluted and you will use more volume of it Then you will calculate that you had more moles of acid present so the molarity would be larger than it actually is.

[@atvido8311]

Thanks a lot

[@AnneSchmidt]

You are so very welcome

[@AuthenticAim]

Can I change the initial volume of vinegar to 15cm^3 instead of 25cm^3 and use the 0.1M?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Yes, however, there is a chance you may need more than 50.0 ml of the base. If that happens you will need to stop and record your final volume of base. Then refill the buret, taken a new initial and then final reading once it is neutralized. Then add the two volumes of base together to get the total base volume used.

[@juliyabiju5382]

Thank you very much for this video.. 😄

[@AnneSchmidt]

Great to hear the video was helpful! 😃

[@juliyabiju5382]

Very very very helpful ❤️❤️

[@AnneSchmidt]

@@juliyabiju5382 outstanding!

[@ahmadabubakar5353]

Thanks very much.....

[@AnneSchmidt]

Happy to help!

[@bayayareynaldojr.q.2690]

Can i ask where did you get the 0.50m of NaOH? Is it in given or you just right it? Please help me

[@AnneSchmidt]

That was the given standardized solution that was able to reach an equivalence point for vinegar in under 30 ml.

[@llamaajol8034]

Hello, can I ask what was the equivalence point on the experiment? How can we identified it

[@AnneSchmidt]

The equivalence point is when the indicator changes color. If a pH meter was used you could see the equivalence point graphically.

[@ashequzzamanashik7666]

Many many thanks

[@AnneSchmidt]

It’s wonderful to know the video was helpful!

[@mk45316]

Does the added water to add the suspended drop not effect the endpoint?

[@AnneSchmidt]

As long as the mass of acid or volume of acid was taken at the start, the moles of acid doesn't change so adding water has no effect on the calculations.

[@viv5222]

This video is very helpful. Can I know what brand of vinegar you used?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Thanks. I don’t remember the brand!

[@noor_ask]

Hi Anne, just a quick question why did you do all the calculations separate and then average the Molarity. Would it not have been quicker if I just averaged the titre values and completed the calculation once?. I appreciate hearing from you soon , thanks for this video!

[@AnneSchmidt]

Possibly, but I used different volumes of base and many times you will have different volumes of acid. So averaging the Molarity is typical vs averaging volumes.

[@noor_ask]

@@AnneSchmidt Oh makes sense, thanks for letting me know!

[@andygerm1131]

how do you know how much vinegar to put inside the Erlenmeyer flask?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Any volume that doesn’t need more than 50 mL of your titrant

[@shahithyanlogendraraj5959]

Hi ms, I have heard that you have to dilute the vinegar first before the titration. Is this necessary?

[@AnneSchmidt]

No it’s not. As long as you have the original volume of vinegar you will then find the “unknown” moles of acetic acid from the titration with your standard solution. Then you can find the experimental molarity by dividing moles by volume.

[@shahithyanlogendraraj5959]

@@AnneSchmidt I see thank you!

[@ABDULRAHMAN-bh9hm]

Hi . I have a question. Was that a 5% vinegar from supermarket? Thank you

[@AnneSchmidt]

Yes it was!

[@sandrabalakrishnan7471]

Thank you soo much mam, can u please put the reference for this method??

[@annagreen7495]

Why do you add distilled water. And why won't it affect the the values?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Adding distilled water helps wash the sides of the flask, gives more volume to mix, rinse the tip of the buret or help add that one drop of titrant. If you measured the mass of volume of your titrand (substance in the flask) you have the mass/moles/volume and the water doesn't alter that quantity, just dilutes it.

[@laryssesalisid6522]

can i ask how many drops of indicator were used for each trial?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Two-three

[@jaxxis8662]

Thank you thank you thank you

[@AnneSchmidt]

You are so very welcome!

[@maru4u18]

Can you please tell me how did you get 0.60 as the initial volume of NaOH..

[@AnneSchmidt]

That’s the buret reading after filled.

[@nikki2007]

Hello ma'am, may I know where di the initial volume of NaOH came from?

[@AnneSchmidt]

The initial readings came from before any NaOH was added and the buret was just filled at the start of the titration.

[@ChayadaSongsakul]

How do you get .50 for the NaOH standardized mole?

[@AnneSchmidt]

I made the solution of NaOH to be approximately 0.50 M NaoH, however you would need to standardize it using a separate titration with something like KHP to get the actual molarity of NaOH because solid NaOH pellets absorb water when exposed to air and will not be able to be massed correctly. I do have a video on how to standardize NaOH with KHP at least calculation wise.

[@Knsaa99]

May I know where did you get the accepted value?

[@AnneSchmidt]

Many reputable chemistry Websites give the accepted value.

[@MrTheRain]

Was the phenolphthalein add to the burette or in the flask?

[@AnneSchmidt]

The flask!

[@PE-Hlungwana-Tutoring]

Amazing. I can see that you used the stoichiometric mole ratio to calculate the concentration of the acid. I want to ask, what if I used the M1V1=M2V2, equation, cause this equation doesn't consider stoichiometric balance. What would be the effect

[@AnneSchmidt]

You can definitely use that equation because the mull ratio is one to one. There are titrations where the mole ratio is not one to one. I prefer to have my students use that instead of the dilution formula. Just builds better understanding using stoichiometry.

[@PE-Hlungwana-Tutoring]

@@AnneSchmidt Thank you. 🙏