German Unification (Part I: The Failure of Liberal Nationalism) / Deutsche Einigung

www.tomrichey.net
In the first part of my lecture on German Unification (Deutsche Einigung), I discuss German Nationalism in the early 19th century and the attempt to unify Germany on the basis of liberal nationalism after the Revolutions of 1848. The Frankfurt Parliament met and drafter a constitution for a unified Germany and offered the crown to Frederick William IV of Prussia, but he declined the "pig's crown" and German Unification would have to wait for Bismark's realpolitik.

[@erickenriquez8039]

Could you make a video about Italian Unification!?!? I'm having trouble understanding who Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini are and what each did

[@joshuaolejasz9590]

Mazzini: the heart Cavour: the brains Garibaldi: the sword Victor Emmanuel the 2nd: the face ("Victor E") Thank you Winstead

[@wayfarer_4]

@@joshuaolejasz9590 awesome comment

[@ringvaarleivon4582]

@@joshuaolejasz9590 please write more. I can understand better now please

[@smokyondagrass2353]

I always felt bad for Garibaldi, he was kinda like the mix of che guevara and Fidel Castro of the 1800s. Garibaldi wanted to unify Italy under a democratic and social republic with universal sufferage women's rights, land reform etc. It I. Order to get a unified Italy was to sacrifice Democracy in favor of a kingdom with land requirements to vote.

[@nikolascamo2044]

All football players probably

[@michaelnieves9688]

The professor look like Matt Damon.

[@djmz1969]

Cheila the Cat Looks like Matt Damon twin!

[@rafaelalarcon3146]

Cheila the Cat Matt Damon look like the professor***

[@guru1775]

boy I'm tryna pass my exam go mess around somewhere else 😤😤😤

[@hamthehamster1892]

jouga vouga did you end up passing?

[@KB-jr9bd]

Matt Damon meets Brad Pitt

[@kristinavitorsky9619]

I love this! It's way easier to learn the material when there's humor

[@malinsvenssonvalhallaqueen3298]

Tom I am a mature student going into my third year at university and I wanted to let you know that I watched your videos on the unification of Germany and of Italy (other subjects too) many times before the exam and I was delighted to see the question came up. The exam went very welll for me. I could not believe the result!!!!!! Thank you so much for sharing your lessons. Brilliant teacher!!

[@twocans98]

You make so much more sense than my lecturer, and are far more interesting and enjoyable. Keep up the good work - you're really making a difference!

[@perlanunez407]

Amazing and great job! You do a much better job than various history professors I have had throughout my school years! Thank you so so much! Keep up with these videos! All the history students in the world shall thank you!

[@andrewantretter4279]

Clever ways to remember Gross und Klein. Ive been speaking german most of my life. Your analogies didnt register to me at first just because I actually know what those words are. Great video!

[@ayalasegal9415]

PLEASE DO ITALIAN UNIFICATION

[@jandenuijl4287]

Grossdeutschland was also supposed to include Luxemburg, Bohemia and Limburg (a province in The Netherlands) it wasn't just including Austria

[@MadamSparklyStar2000]

I have my modern history exam in 9 hours, so glad I found this

[@crazybob1118]

Thank you Prof. Rickey, I really needed a concise summary for the history German unification which is demonstrated in your video!

[@Thecourseofhistory]

Awesome Video!!! Will be waiting for part III!

[@mikaelb.2070]

Every time you said "Zollverein", an angel lost its wings...

[@Charles_hodges]

What we not gonna do, is pretend like he ain’t tellin’ the truth tho, cause he am!

[@cameronmetz4125]

wow. This is EXACTLY where I am in the course right now. thanks!

[@AP-gv1kn]

6:13 the dad i love you mug gave me a chuckle

[@alexanderalsen4663]

What an interesting topic! This video certainly breathes life into a subject (history in general) that normally comes across as dusty and dull.

[@marinemarcusbradley]

Great job man. Your passion really shows. Keep it up.

[@masonkossen8797]

Thank you Tom these videos are absolutely great they prepared me for this exam

[@farairuvie5813]

Thank you professer 5 years later and it's still useful😊❤

[@savannahapedaile]

Your videos help me SOOO much! Thanks for posting!

[@xdrivn]

IM SO GLAD!!! My test is tomorrow with and FRQ. you helped clear a lot of things.

[@Tuilelen]

I'm watching this just for fun. It's just really interesting stuff - especially when you think about the way this influenced future events and ideologies.

[@nazaneena212]

Thanks so much, ur videos r so helpful! I'm in AP World and we r just finishing up WWI. I was wondering if u could please post more videos on that topic?

[@1776alltheway]

Great video Tom, but still 2 weeks behind my class we are at the late 1800's after German and Italian unification. No big deal it is good to review things from earlier.

[@samvidas9599]

This is so good! FUMING I didn't discover this series before!

[@2090andrewkim]

Can you give us your opinion on the new ap test part and not the essay part

[@mr.marble476]

i need to make a group discussion on either german unification or french revolution can u help??

[@S4RWWAA]

Ow this is awesome I'm doing an exam on on kaiser to fuhrer in the summer will you be going up to Ger in 1945? Thanks!

[@tomrichey]

I'll be posting some more lectures on Germany between now and then - most likely a series on WWI and then a lecture on Totalitarianism. Getting a good response, so I may focus more on German History than I had anticipated.

[@andreasb8347]

Could you explain the Italian unification? Seems like the hardest one to understand

[@skbanda4573]

Do you have a suggestion for a good source of historical maps like the ones you show in your videos?

[@tomrichey]

I get most of my maps from relevant Wikipedia articles. People are making some great stuff online!

[@genevievemaguire9682]

Is there anyway that you could do a video on Heinrich Himmler and the SS Gestapo? I love your work! Your videos always make me smile and make me understand the topic in the best way! Thank you!

[@abdiazizhassan2515]

Studying for my british exams and im so happy i found this...helped me so much.....thank youuuuu

[@tomrichey]

You're welcome! I hope your exams go well!

[@wealtheffect0]

how did you go

[@mukasatom3]

sure you are awesome Tomrichey

[@Mars_junior]

I really really appreciate this channel. People like me who don't have the money for school still get to learn more in depth. You're doing a good thing.

[@BrennanWayneLuther]

Trying

[@BrennanWayneLuther]

Te

[@BrennanWayneLuther]

😊Tooottottototf

[@BrennanWayneLuther]

Toto😅😊😊r😊😊too bad

[@BrennanWayneLuther]

Tyyrtttttf😊tyto

[@nencenedril7619]

watching this hours before my as level exam on german and italian unification as a quick refresher lol

[@ChristineSabella]

you are amazing!!! my teacher bought the same picture to interpret, I would have had no idea on what it means! thank you!!

[@iluvaustralia1661]

thank you so much!! great video! i love that you put some pictures and important facts on the screen! and i love your accent!

[@iluvaustralia1661]

btw i watched more than 10 videos about this topic in german (i'm swiss) but they were all rubbish so i looked for english ones and you saved my life!!

[@alexzonneveld329]

Thanks so much from a desperate 16 year old revising in England ;) any chance of you making one on Italian unification in the future?

[@tomrichey]

Alex Zonneveld It will happen at some point, but it's something I'm going to have to study more before I can deliver a proper lecture on the topic. Most of these lectures are products of hours of reading and research, slide design, and practicing the lectures on a live audience before making videos. I anticipate this is likely a topic that I will tackle next year.

[@michaelnieves9688]

Very good class I like it.I am in CUNY I'm I taking political science, and I find it very helpful for my class...

[@nathanbristow7998]

You are a saint, these helped me so much on my test!!

[@lordamirson]

You are a good man, good bless u

[@maitripatel409]

Actually right b4 my test

[@tomrichey]

Is your test tomorrow? Part II is up and Part III is uploading now. The link at the end of Part II will take you to Part III once the upload is finished even if I don't publicly post it yet. Glad my timing was good for someone!

[@maitripatel409]

I have a quiz tom and test next week and perfect timing thank u so much u r videos really help

[@wayfarer_4]

@@tomrichey I also have test please make unification of italy

[@thomhughes3298]

Please I love your videos they are the only reason I passed my GCSE

[@katytheangel4141]

I love how you pronounce the German words :D

[@tomrichey]

+Katy TheAngel Danke!

[@katytheangel4141]

Tom Richey Bitte ☺

[@ThePulpFaction]

And I wonder how you pronounce pig sounds in german ... (Moin-moin Katy, ich verstehe ein bichen deutch ;-) )

[@katytheangel4141]

Coffee Allan Haha, and how do you do that? 😀 Very good 👍

[@ThePulpFaction]

Ich bin nordschleswiger (aber ... 8:18 ???)

[@nazaneena212]

Specifically the treaties at the Paris Peace Conference and the Russian revolution that happened in conjunction

[@JulianKumai]

Mr richey what song is that intro

[@EWGFus3r]

hey man, how about some eastern european history of the 19th century? plenty of juicy stuff going on there that has set the stage for many other political, historical and social events that are happening even now

[@MrPop-pd3gy]

Fantastic

[@csecure6157]

nice video and explain with clarity

[@peterhind]

i'm from england and would love to see you do a lecture on nigel farage and ukip

[@tomrichey]

Peter Hind OMG I WOULD LOVE TO DO THAT!!! That guy's hilarious... I still play that one now and then where he's going off on the EU president! Thing is, I don't know if I have much to offer people who may know more about him than me. I'm going to London and the Netherlands this summer, so maybe I should do a series on radical European politicians like Farage and Geert Wilders in the Netherlands.

[@slj1000]

Tom Richey make sure you visit the Keukenhof Gardens ;)

[@66germanboy]

I just love your accent. I'm from germany myself and I started getting interested in this topic when I started researching Otto von Bismarck. I'm not even watching this video for any test, I'm just really interested. Thank you.

[@chez9044]

+The Gamer of Awesomeness hey, could you please tell me how do you spell german lastnames? let's say, Otto von bismarck do you spell it like "otto Fon bismarck" or "otto Won bismarck" ?

[@66germanboy]

+Chez It's Otto von Bismarck, due to "von" meaning "from". Back then people that ruled over certain cities or states had the first name combined with the name of the city/state and in between "von" indicating their authority towards that place.

[@chez9044]

The Gamer of Awesomeness vielen danke

[@66germanboy]

At my school the german students do not get to take history. We have to do geography with our german teacher...I'd rather do history class though, believe me. The american students don't have history either though, they take Civics.

[@66germanboy]

Most schools they are, and I wish it were, if there's one thing I love, it's history class. Its a private school btw :)

[@Science1314]

I find this really interesting

[@diegosolorzano577]

you should do a video on the crimean war

[@slj1000]

so my teacher just has us, for our midterm and final, write an in-class essay on a topic of our choice. This will be the 4th test ill take in this format (I've aced the past 3) where I prepared myself through these videos. The last topics I've done were Roman Haruspex, the Second Punic War (where I learned SO much), The avignon papacy, great schism, Martin Luther and his 95 theses, and The congress of Vienna, For my final tomorrow, I'll be writing about The unifications of both Italy and Germany. Looking forward to it :)

[@tomrichey]

slj1000 I'm looking forward to posting some lectures on Roman history this summer - including a lecture series on the Punic Wars! Where do you study? This does not sound like a curriculum that would exist in the United States (meaning that I'm very impressed with it).

[@freddysreads]

this helped me a lot!

[@PIRATE99A]

I may be mixing my German, but Grossdeutschland means: Greater Germany, does it not?

[@tomrichey]

In this context, that would mean the same thing. Would it not?

[@VidzMisc]

+PIRATE99A big, great, large all the same thing when context is everything.

[@SiggiNebel]

Not greater, just great, but simply referring to the size, so rather big or large Germany.

[@SantomPh]

Gross- anything means "Greater" Klein - means "Lesser" nothing to do with the underwear company though!

[@vivekbadshah5870]

Grossdeutschland means:germany including austriya..

[@rogergoldstein3234]

Thank you Mr. Richey you helped me get a B in A-level History.

[@hotdogwaterfacemask]

Thanks for helping me cram for my AP Euro test!! (but in all seriousness this was really helpful)

[@simonmektupchiqn]

do you think that the German Unification, what about the Industrial Revolution in England, during the 19th century.

[@tomharvey2567]

Would you not say that the Hanseatic League was not the first economic league of Germany?

[@Exodon2020]

The Hanse extended beyond the borders of Germany and was basically a union of traders.

[@ajayalcos3928]

Not so much a union of individual traders but was rather a loose confederation of various mercantile guilds, who were in turn mostly composed of German-speaking merchants. It was basically what one would call a "mega-union" which protected the rights of their mercantile interests against overt political or ecclesiastical intrusion which may affect them negatively.

[@SantomPh]

it was not necessarily German but was more like an armed trade union on the Baltic and North Sea. There were non-German members, from Frisia (Netherlands), Sweden, the Baltic states and Prussia but it was not a state in its own right.

[@MohamedOmar-wc6mb]

Tom Harvey yes

[@jacefoulk8107]

YES do a video on Farage and the UKIP

[@shopsuggestion]

I am from India 🇮🇳 ( class 10th ) ur video helped me a lot ... Thank you teacher...🙂

[@istvansipos9940]

Solve rain (Zollverein) made my day :- )

[@spitama1234]

Very helpful

[@jeanadrianguzmanvasquez1661]

Frederich Willem VI, not Frederich William VI.

[@vultschlange]

General Racist Mango Herrera Frederick William is an anglicized version of Friedrich Wilhelm.

[@boahkeinbockmehr]

Zoll-ver-ein and not solvereign

[@tomrichey]

+boahkeinbockmehr It's a written test.

[@boahkeinbockmehr]

okay, other than that realy nice work, but as a german native speaker the zollverein made me cringe inside and i just had to get it out of my head =)

[@caipibara]

is doch egal...

[@SiggiNebel]

or: Tsol-fare-ine (roughly, at least) Klick the symbol in front of the word and you can hear how it's pronounced dict.leo.org/ende/index_de.html#/search=Zollverein&searchLoc=0&resultOrder=basic&multiwordShowSingle=on&pos=3

[@garretphegley8796]

Ich bin ein Schwabe.

[@I_am_bacon._.]

7:47 when you suddenly stopped and looked to the left i thought there was an intruder or something.

[@ashleyfontanilla9895]

I Loooooooove your videos!

[@xxderpypenguxx1178]

Test in 5 hours, thanks this really helped!

[@DAsiebert]

my family immigrated from Germany around this time.

[@lifesmood]

Thanks Sir.

[@tomrichey]

+Nishongam Riammi You're very welcome!

[@derinformationstechniker4507]

Hi Tom! I'm collecting accents. Can u tell me wich state r u from? I'm just guessing the Southern States.

[@Longlius]

He's from South Carolina.

[@Zajin13]

Ok, i am German and i already passed my history exams this year. So i will put your triology to the test. Let's see how non-Germans view our history from a better informed point of view, shall we? ;) Edit: The quote of Friedrich Wilhelm von Preußen and a (of course slightly liberal) personal translation: „Jeder deutsche Edelmann, der ein Kreuz oder einen Strich im Wappen führt, ist hundertmal zu gut dazu, um solch ein Diadem aus Dreck und Letten der Revolution, des Treubruchs und des Hochverrats geschmiedet, anzunehmen. Die alte, legitime, seit 1806 ruhende Krone deutscher Nation, das Diadem von Gottes Gnaden, das den, der es trägt, zur höchsten Obrigkeit Deutschlands macht, der man Gehorsam schuldet um des Gewissens willen, das kann man annehmen, wenn man in sich die Kraft dazu fühlt und die angeborenen Pflichten es zulassen. Die Krone vergibt aber keiner als Kaiser Franz Joseph, ich und unseresgleichen und wehe dem! der es ohne uns versucht und wehe dem! der sie annimmt [...]“ in English: "Every German nobleman, who wears a coat of arms with a cross or a line on it, is a hundred times too good for accepting such a tiara, made of the dirt and clay of the revolution, forged of disloyalty and high treason. The old, the legitimate, since 1806 sleeping crown of German Nation, the tiara of gods mercy, which raises the one who she is bestowed upon to the highest instance of Germany, to whom one owes obidience, for consciences sake. This, one could accept if one would feel the needed strengh in oneself and his births duties allow it. But not a single man besides Emperor Franz Joseph, myself and our kind may have the right to grant it. Warned may he be! who tries it without us and warned may he be! who accepts such [...]"

[@tomrichey]

I can't see the English translation on my phone because KZbin has shortened your comment a bit. I hope my lectures on German Unification can meet your German standards. :D

[@Zajin13]

Tom Richey What a pitty but yeah, i went through the triology yesterday and it all seems good to me, a bit short of course but you have to cut years of things happening to a few minutes so of course you can barely touch all but you still managed to filter the important facts out, good work. :)

[@keisernoname2865]

I dont see it as a full German unification. What East Germany uses to be middle Germany.But its better than no unification at all.Also south Tyroll should be granted independence from Italy. So it can reunify into one complete Tyroll

[@andrewjackson8845]

Du sprichst sehr gut Englisch

[@kifayatkhankhan8099]

Thank u Sir

[@YoungFoolsLearn]

Nice!!

What if someone speaks several languages...like German, French, English or any Slavic language?

[@TheAnthraxBiology]

"Works for me", wow Tom.

[@stg7171]

Hey really good video and I really appreciate your efforts to help me remember German terms 👌🏾. However, if you could cut down on the random break aways a bit I'm sure we'd really appreciate it. Great video though, you're a good teacher

[@tomrichey]

You know, it is possible to thank someone who has helped you without being rude. Just a thought. Your comment sends an overall negative vibe rather than a positive one, which may not be the sentiment you meant to convey. I hope this is not how you go about conveying "appreciation" in person.

[@kaylaportugal7761]

When he paused to take a sip of his drink I died lmao

[@karlfollhoffer2322]

These helped me study for my test, too bad Prof. didn't say what to study for Germany 1800-1910.... so its everything in those years for the next 2 days!

[@tomrichey]

Glad I could help a bit! Good luck figuring out what your prof will be testing you on... Unification is a good guess!

[@nathanashbaugh3208]

wow ich eigentlich nie wusste, wie Deutschland kam zu sein. Ich habe Videos gesehen, aber das ist bei weitem das beste.

[@janneoberste1025]

Nice pronunciation of the German words;)

[@sarahlouthe8544]

I believe zollverein is analagous to the European Union. Started as an economic agreement but served as a useful precursor for political unification for those interested in consolidating power.

[@laaaird13]

My test was today...

[@JacielVlogs]

currently silently screaming bc i had to write a mock ap essay for a nationalism DBQ and my facts were switched around. smh should have found out about this channel sooner

[@hamthehamster1892]

How’d you end up doing on the exam? I’m pissing myself rn

[@jensschroder8214]

Imagine you have a parliament and a king. But both cannot agree on how power is distributed. If Parliament came up with a proposal, the King rejected it. In the end, neither the parliament nor the king rules, but the royal chancellor Bismark, who plays the two against each other. Today the elected head of government is called Chancellor.

[@kiowhatta1]

One important factor in the failure of the early desire for German unification was the religious division between the primarily southern catholic states and the northern protestant states.

[@Fearofthemonster]

I think you should show yourself in a smaller window and show the map in a bigger window.

[@tomrichey]

+Fearofthemonster There are some points where I do that on my videos but sometimes, I miss a few opportunities to call attention to my visuals. I will work harder.

[@abhinav.mishra17]

U r doing great favour.

[@tsgleague8154]

so why isnt austria a part of germany

[@sampickford8517]

🙏🙏🙏

[@jenicadevaprasad242]

groß and klein literally mean big and small in german

[@wayfarer_4]

Hey love from India

[@busno29c]

That coffee mug tho.

[@TonyqTNT]

I thought religion was the principal factor of decentralized government in Germany. Didn't they previously have a particularly gruesome war between Protestants in northern Germany and Catholics generally in southern areas of what is now Germany and Austria?

[@raileon]

That was the Thirty Years' war.

[@truthvsfalsehood6809]

Yeah in 1625

[@waltergro9102]

North West and West Germany is the largest Catholic area. Large parts of South Germany are Protestant. There is no North South divide. Just most of Bavaria is Catholic. Only by the Great German perspective most of the South is Catholic because of Catholic Austria, Bavaria and Southern Baden resp. Württemberg.

[@waltergro9102]

Religious division (Catholics, Lutherans, Reformed/Calvinists) was important in the 16th and 17th c.. It caused the Thirty Years War (1618 - 1648) which killed half of the population. Religious division supported selfish politics of the major princes. French king Louis XIV had the support of most of the major princes when he waged his wars of conquest in the Holy Roman Empire.

[@ThePulpFaction]

And how do you pronounce "oink-oink" in german? Any clever german speaking people out there? 8:18

[@nataliemyers9006]

Oink oink in German is grunz grunz if anyone is wondering. Yes, i did take the time to look that up

[@Fingered22]

>doesn't offer the crown to the king of Bavaria WoW

[@gorwell97]

Doy...shhhhh in Deutschland is not correct. It sounds more like tch sound in words Dutch or watch....just with a soft t sound. Even here in Germany I sometimes hear a very soft sh sound, but never without the preceding soft t sound. Danke

[@SiggiNebel]

In the Frankfurt Parliament, there actually was a struggle between a majority of "liberals", demanding a constitutional monarchy and a minority of "republicans", demanding a democratic republic. The king of Prussia didn't use the word "pig", but said that the crown offered to him was "befouled with the dirt of the revolution" and was contaminated with a "decay scent". This reaction illustrates the political judgement of the "liberals" who thought it was a good idea to offer the crown to that monarchand and their unwillingness to actually perform a revolution.