Transistors & The End of Moore's Law

  Рет қаралды 1,490,776

2veritasium

2veritasium

Күн бұрын

How does a transistor work? And when will Moore's Law break down?
Supported by TechNYou - check out their great series on the scientific method: bit.ly/19bBX5G
Thanks to A/Prof Morello and UNSW. Find out more here: bit.ly/17wZ7lt

Пікірлер: 2 700
@gussilva9937
@gussilva9937 Жыл бұрын
2023/2024 here. An update on our current transistor size (Thanks Apple M3): 2013: 22nm -> ~50 silicon atoms 2023: 3nm -> ~13 silicon atoms Prof Morello is pretty on point with his prediction with 2025 being ~5 silicon atoms within the space!
@toby1248
@toby1248 Ай бұрын
3nm is just a marketing term. No feature is smaller than 10nm in a so-called 3nm transistor. The improvements have been mainly focused on adding more 3d elements to the transistors so they can continue taking up less space and being more efficient without having to keep making features smaller
@MAFiA303
@MAFiA303 9 жыл бұрын
still waiting for the guitar solo
@PauloConstantino167
@PauloConstantino167 9 жыл бұрын
+Saad MAFiA LOL
@lokatzlikina
@lokatzlikina 9 жыл бұрын
+Saad MAFiA LMAO
@theduck001
@theduck001 9 жыл бұрын
+Saad MAFiA Pahahahah
@NikanDragosysSerpenDra
@NikanDragosysSerpenDra 8 жыл бұрын
why do all long haired people are supposed to play guitar.... i only play air guitar. :P
@zmo1581
@zmo1581 7 жыл бұрын
I'd like your comment but it's exactly at 666 and don't want to ruin it
@YnseSchaap
@YnseSchaap 8 жыл бұрын
Give this man his own channel !
@Mitche23
@Mitche23 8 жыл бұрын
He is a professor at the university, he has a "channel" :)
@V.D.22
@V.D.22 8 жыл бұрын
where is it?
@Szobiz
@Szobiz 8 жыл бұрын
professors can have channels besides their classrooms u know?
@davidnguyen8579
@davidnguyen8579 7 жыл бұрын
the man channel
@eyeTelevision
@eyeTelevision 7 жыл бұрын
the school of hard rock
@MauriceChavez353
@MauriceChavez353 7 жыл бұрын
This Morello guy is a godsend. Never heard someone explain this so well. Every answer starts on POINT, ends on POINT, gives the full picture and is UNDERSTANDABLE. Kudos
@gbin21
@gbin21 5 жыл бұрын
What a cool guy.
@augustuseuropa410
@augustuseuropa410 4 жыл бұрын
Totally rad
@fluoroantimonic9950
@fluoroantimonic9950 3 жыл бұрын
Not verified?!
@Chris-vr8cd
@Chris-vr8cd 3 жыл бұрын
When I grow up I want to have hair like him
@effonstonee
@effonstonee 3 жыл бұрын
Can we get an update on this it’s been long enough and this dude is awesome
@omrisamorali3816
@omrisamorali3816 3 жыл бұрын
agreed
@OmarExplains
@OmarExplains 10 жыл бұрын
This guy is fucking awesome :D I could listen to him all day!
@outofthebox9699
@outofthebox9699 2 жыл бұрын
Now a days we have 4nm transistors.
@محمد-بن-عباس
@محمد-بن-عباس 7 ай бұрын
What are you doing here omar 😂
@AuddityHipHop
@AuddityHipHop 10 жыл бұрын
I could listen to this guy all day. Wish he was my teacher.
@P4P5
@P4P5 10 жыл бұрын
Same
@solid244
@solid244 10 жыл бұрын
definately
@dubbadan1
@dubbadan1 7 жыл бұрын
It really shows the depth of his understanding of the subject, as well as a high level of empathy. True brilliance.
@anders5611
@anders5611 7 жыл бұрын
Italian Charisma
@joshualiu8551
@joshualiu8551 6 жыл бұрын
Hes a good lecture, but trust me hes a really bad thesis mentor, cuz hes so busy everyday. He was like, "ow so thats your problem, ok lets look at it next week." Then, next week, hes not even in the country.
@rammetin99
@rammetin99 10 жыл бұрын
this gentleman is really good at explaining, amazing indeed
@outofthebox9699
@outofthebox9699 2 жыл бұрын
Now a days we have 4nm transistors.
@otamanlvhs
@otamanlvhs 9 жыл бұрын
He should do more explanations.I could listen to him all day.
@krzemian
@krzemian 8 жыл бұрын
+otamanlvhs Well, Andrea Morello is your answer :)
@LoneWolfZ
@LoneWolfZ 8 жыл бұрын
I want to go back to the start of school and have this guy explain everything.
@viruagrawal
@viruagrawal 9 жыл бұрын
I've studied Physics for over 5 years, worked in a MEMS lab for 1 year and this is the first time I've truly understood transistors.
@noman1600
@noman1600 9 жыл бұрын
+Viru A it took me 15 minutes while researching Intel's Broadwell.....IDK who taught you, but you obviously never looked.
@idogtv
@idogtv 9 жыл бұрын
+marshalcraft Good job, you seem to have Viru A completely figured out. I'm amazed at your ability to analyze this guy's life from his comment.
@Edmocci
@Edmocci 9 жыл бұрын
+marshy & eddie wonder why you guys are so threatened by this video? I like this lecturer as well, I've seen him before, he's very good. You obviously don't think so. lol it's jealousy. (It's hard for me to nail emotions that I'm beyond by about 30 years.)
@marshalcraft
@marshalcraft 9 жыл бұрын
Ed West Ha lecturer. It's nothing against him. He was merely discussing something. Not explaining anything that shouldn't have already been learened as an undergrad studying mems technologies.
@daultonbaird6314
@daultonbaird6314 9 жыл бұрын
+Viru A Andrea Morello actually told me very little that I had n't already heard numerous times, but His delivery is clear and concise . If he's not making a ton of vids , it's because he is very busy . He is excellent , and that's at least part of the reason that Der selected him.
@charlesdahmital8095
@charlesdahmital8095 5 жыл бұрын
Every two years the number of people that say Moore's Law is ending- doubles.
@stoferb876
@stoferb876 4 жыл бұрын
Moore's Second Law??
@charlesdahmital8095
@charlesdahmital8095 4 жыл бұрын
@@stoferb876As I currently understand it Moore's second law has more to do with costs doubling and his first law covered quantity doubling.
@matthewrix1047
@matthewrix1047 4 жыл бұрын
We can call it Dahmitals law
@charlesdahmital8095
@charlesdahmital8095 4 жыл бұрын
@@matthewrix1047 Yes, my plan is working. One step closer to my Nobel prize as a Hypothetical Theorist.
@TranceCore3
@TranceCore3 3 жыл бұрын
This is the Moor's Law Law
@MrNabows
@MrNabows 6 жыл бұрын
This guys knows a lot, as Feynman said: "You don't truly understand something if you can't explain it simply"
@cremonster
@cremonster 9 жыл бұрын
This makes me miss college, when you had those few professors that enjoyed teaching and actually inspired you to gain more knowledge. There's nothing worse than a teacher who diminishes the spark in a student to learn
@aniximander
@aniximander 4 жыл бұрын
Wow, it's a rare skill to explain difficult concepts in such way. It's understandable for people without a technical background and still isn't completely dumbed down. I would have loved to have this guy as a professor!
@rcdinkins
@rcdinkins 6 жыл бұрын
This guy gives the best explanation of a gate I have ever heard.
@practice00
@practice00 11 жыл бұрын
The professor is absolutely awesome. The way he can explain complex concepts (not necessarily referring to this video) in such simple layman's terms is imho the hallmark of a great mind.
@natetroxide
@natetroxide 9 жыл бұрын
I could listen to this Professor talk all day!
@Phoenixx-vy7ln
@Phoenixx-vy7ln 9 жыл бұрын
same
@HaouasLeDocteur
@HaouasLeDocteur 9 жыл бұрын
More of this guy.
@NickiRusin
@NickiRusin 9 жыл бұрын
+HaouasLeDocteur Yes please!
@GGminigames
@GGminigames 7 жыл бұрын
*Moore of this guy ;)
@shubhamsarkar9680
@shubhamsarkar9680 6 жыл бұрын
THANKS MAN FOR THE LINK.................
@moomoodeadcow
@moomoodeadcow 5 жыл бұрын
@@mlyarka Nice #sauce
@fitriezwan
@fitriezwan 4 жыл бұрын
Amen
@smeechdog
@smeechdog 9 жыл бұрын
Love this guy. I'm a frickin' spazz when it comes to this kinda thing...but every time I see this dude I totally get it. Einstein said if you can't explain it to an 8 year old you don't get it. As my scientific understanding is probably that of an 8 year old, I think this chap passes that incredibly high litmus test.
@agello24
@agello24 9 жыл бұрын
all these years. i never could understand the purpose of a transistor. now i do.
@sandarshsrivastav
@sandarshsrivastav 9 жыл бұрын
+agello24 Was thinking the same thing!
@Banzay27
@Banzay27 9 жыл бұрын
Real tiny lightswitches that make computers go. Now we know.
@plowed4weeks
@plowed4weeks 9 жыл бұрын
+agello24 look up booline logic. It'll blow your mind. In a good way :)
@pjamesbda
@pjamesbda 9 жыл бұрын
+I'M Running Thaangs - found Boolean Logic?...
@plowed4weeks
@plowed4weeks 9 жыл бұрын
pjamesbda It's what allows you to turn 1's and 0's into logic and start using them for more then just storing numbers.
@SuperNerd707
@SuperNerd707 9 жыл бұрын
Maybe if he was my high school physics teacher I would have pursued a more science oriented education in university lol. He was great!
@DrScrubbington
@DrScrubbington 9 жыл бұрын
Maybe that's why I find these scientific KZbin channels to be more educating than actual school
@VintageLJ
@VintageLJ 9 жыл бұрын
+InfinityV0rtex It's because you are more interested. In School, you very likely learnt waaaay more than you will for the next 10 years of watching educational videos. You could recall it if required, but not all the time.
@eddy2561
@eddy2561 9 жыл бұрын
+Supernerd7 In High School I was caught up in the the "fumes" .... perfume and gas!! And.......I sucked at math!!
@TheGodParticle
@TheGodParticle 9 жыл бұрын
I concur
@DonCDXX
@DonCDXX 9 жыл бұрын
+Supernerd7 The old idiom goes; "Those who can, do; those who can't, teach." Almost every teacher in high school was someone who went to college and wasn't capable of going further (intellectually and/or financially) and settled for teaching.
@nannyoggsally
@nannyoggsally 8 жыл бұрын
Best explaination of a transistor I have ever seen or heard.
@mustafauslu1685
@mustafauslu1685 4 жыл бұрын
There was a saying of the brightest scientist : "If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough." This is actually an experimental lecturer who gets the idea completely, simmer it down and explaining like a mid-school teacher (even though the phenomena is very complex). Kudos to him!
@Kenneth_H_Olsen
@Kenneth_H_Olsen 9 жыл бұрын
Morello is the coolest dude in physics ! :)
@johnfalcon3614
@johnfalcon3614 11 жыл бұрын
He has an accent but speaks so fluently. He's a great teacher. Also who else thinks he would make an excellent cast for Dracula?
@phastings1
@phastings1 11 жыл бұрын
If he auditioned for "Professor Dracula's Tech School Adventures" he would nail it.
@LootFragg
@LootFragg 7 жыл бұрын
Dee question is how to avoid dee garlic altogether to increase dee yield of blood, by quantum tunneling into dee virgin's chambers, leaving dee guards heisenbergly uncertain about my whereabouts, mwuehehe!
@albripi
@albripi 7 жыл бұрын
Italian accent, he's italian. That's why I understand him so well :)
@parthgupte4175
@parthgupte4175 5 жыл бұрын
I am a draaacula blah blah blah blah!
@Tuberuser187
@Tuberuser187 9 жыл бұрын
People like this guy renew my faith in Humanity.
@MrDeerings
@MrDeerings 9 жыл бұрын
Great explanation! We want more from Mr Morello!
@VeteranVandal
@VeteranVandal 9 жыл бұрын
Well, Professor Morello, I have to admit that from the researcher's I've seen presenting something, you are one of the best ones in doing it. You've explained this in much clearer, concise and overall better way than the professors that were supposed to teach me this (which effectively hasn't happened, because they themselves didn't understand it, if I'm going to be honest).
@Joel-ee8df
@Joel-ee8df 9 жыл бұрын
I could listen to this guy talk for days and I would never get enough of it. Please put him in more of your videos.
@radiofun232
@radiofun232 10 жыл бұрын
Extremely well explained, 5 stars.
@rogats
@rogats 6 жыл бұрын
This is amazingly simply explained. Which means the professor IS good!
@overengineer7691
@overengineer7691 8 жыл бұрын
I like how this guy explains everything.
@pikiwiki
@pikiwiki 9 жыл бұрын
this guy is gold. clear, concise and logical, even with accented English
@mason4127
@mason4127 7 жыл бұрын
I went through 2 years of moderate level schooling, and this explanation of moore's law is way better than anything they taught in school. If he is not a professor, I demand to work with him.
@killervampiredoll
@killervampiredoll 9 жыл бұрын
The camera-man seems to be more interested in the man's face than the lecture he's giving :')
@Alexander5R
@Alexander5R 4 жыл бұрын
As an EE this was a very clear and simple explanation of how a FET work. Interesting to hear the BJT version. Also interesting that for Intel, the 14 nm node proved very problematic and still launching new products in 2021in that node, while Samsung and TSMC are now making 5 nm chips.
@krissp8712
@krissp8712 Жыл бұрын
Yeah, I didn't really understand the scale at the time I first watched this, apart from knowing "lower nm is better". But 50 atoms at 22nm is pretty insanely precise already, no wonder he's looking at going into quantum tech instead.
@Altricksss
@Altricksss 8 жыл бұрын
Wait so you're telling me the person in the thumbnail aint the actor who played Loki in Avengers?
@totty2524
@totty2524 8 жыл бұрын
I thought it was steve vai.
@nestorlovesguitar
@nestorlovesguitar 6 жыл бұрын
I wonder why it is always the dumb, "funny" remark that gets the most likes, even in intellectual, serious videos. I wonder what that says about us as a species.
@zahra-bs2pz
@zahra-bs2pz 5 жыл бұрын
Néstor Rodríguez who hurt you?
@agrisimfarming
@agrisimfarming 4 жыл бұрын
@@zahra-bs2pz How is that offensive its just a question
@CM-xr9oq
@CM-xr9oq 4 жыл бұрын
@@agrisimfarming Why does everybody have to be a comedian?
@roberthopkins1085
@roberthopkins1085 7 жыл бұрын
Just by changing the names of the points on a transistor from Base, Collector and Emitter to Source, Drain and Gate has already simplified my understanding of a transistor. Amazing how changing the terminology a little can make all that difference. Thank you greatly. It has taken nearly 10yrs for me to come to an understanding of how this works.
@nah9585
@nah9585 3 жыл бұрын
Years later, and I agree with the rest, this person is really easy to listen to and even explains technical stuff with technical words without making it sound complicated. Great video. Are there more?
@norwegcat
@norwegcat 11 жыл бұрын
Outstanding! Explained in a way making it very easy to understand.
@frankhaugen
@frankhaugen 9 жыл бұрын
He looks like a Norwegian black metal guitar/vocal -ist
@JackLe1127
@JackLe1127 9 жыл бұрын
Frank R. Haugen maybe he does that on the side
@Weisichnich
@Weisichnich 9 жыл бұрын
Jack Le I really, really do hope he does... Our Transistors are so small electrons tunnel through the wall law of moore will end us all Quantum research or we faaaaaaaaaaall (high pitch screaming here) Judging by that shirt its glam metal though.
@JackLe1127
@JackLe1127 9 жыл бұрын
Weisichnich *shreds vigorously
@frankhaugen
@frankhaugen 9 жыл бұрын
Weisichnich do you think it's possible to get in touch with him to persuade him to do something like this. I'm pretty sure he's not a metal band member, but it would be cool to have him sing/lipsynch a "lesson" XD
@Nereus00
@Nereus00 9 жыл бұрын
Frank R. Haugen but he is italian.. and norwegians sucks.. they are not even metallers
@JPxKillz
@JPxKillz 10 жыл бұрын
I like this guys hair. He explains things very nicely too.
@ackka
@ackka 8 жыл бұрын
CS major here - this is the best explanation of Moore's Law I have ever heard.
@Dahrenhorst
@Dahrenhorst 4 жыл бұрын
After more than 60 years of life I think I now finally understood how transistors are working. Thank you very much for this!
@LazerLord10
@LazerLord10 7 жыл бұрын
I really don't like how it's called Moore's *law*. There is no force of nature that *forces* us to make transistors smaller and smaller.
@erictko85
@erictko85 4 жыл бұрын
Or is there??????? Haha just kidding. I agree, its an overly hubristic name that actual physical laws will prove is not a law.
@ThereIsNoOtherHandleLikeMine
@ThereIsNoOtherHandleLikeMine 4 жыл бұрын
Scientific "Laws" are predictions made from observations. They are NOT requirements.
@mobeen360
@mobeen360 4 жыл бұрын
Human greed for more power is enough force lol
@curandas8801
@curandas8801 4 жыл бұрын
Many engineers feel this way. It should more accurately be named "Moore's Observation"
@itsDhiran
@itsDhiran 3 жыл бұрын
There is human ambition and curiosity is a big enough force...
@jsnadrian
@jsnadrian 9 жыл бұрын
Where did you find this guy? He's amazing!
@SAbbasHaider
@SAbbasHaider 3 жыл бұрын
Diameter of a Silicon atom is 0.22 nm . So a 5nm transistor will be approx 26 Silicon atoms thick . So in accordance of Moore's law by 2025 we have to achieve 1nm thickness , which seems quit possible .
@bramvandenbroeck5060
@bramvandenbroeck5060 Жыл бұрын
I read about 5 websites and still had difficulties to understand what was being said, but i watched this 8 minute video, and i understood everything he said first ime! This man NEEDS his own channel! Professor, if you read this, please consider to make a youtube channel, i think you would accumulate quite an audience!
@omkarkoti2372
@omkarkoti2372 3 жыл бұрын
I've spent a year learning this in my highschool and this guy did it better in 10 mins❤️
@minibaa
@minibaa 9 жыл бұрын
IBM just announced a 7nm chip today
@flagman57
@flagman57 9 жыл бұрын
***** Probably not. They wouldn't announce it if it was terrible.
@MazeFrame
@MazeFrame 9 жыл бұрын
+MiniBaa Made from Germanium wich is way more expensive
@Teth47
@Teth47 9 жыл бұрын
+MatzeGamer SiGe chips have been in production for years, that's part of the Hi-K arch.
@ufotofu9
@ufotofu9 9 жыл бұрын
+MiniBaa I think it's more of a proof of concept at this point. Don't expect to see them for consumers soon since it took years o go from 22nm to 14nm.
@noman1600
@noman1600 9 жыл бұрын
+intj123 the chip is not 7NM, the transistor are 7NMs.....I assume that's what the OP meant
@SAbbasHaider
@SAbbasHaider 3 жыл бұрын
2014 - 14nm 2017 - 10nm 2018 - 7nm 2020 - 5nm 2021 - 4nm / 3.5nm So , by 2025 1nm (4 silicon atoms ) seems to be possible in order to follow Moore's law .
@wyomingptt
@wyomingptt 11 жыл бұрын
I want this guy to record Hamlet for an audio book.
@theq4602
@theq4602 6 жыл бұрын
You do know hamlet was set in Denmark?
@SSmith-fm9kg
@SSmith-fm9kg 5 жыл бұрын
I went through USAF electronics tech school in 1970. The civilian instructor for basic electronics was trying to explain how a transistor worked. It was a very muddled presentation, leaving me terribly confused. I looked at the symbol diagrams on the chalk board for a while, then asked him, "So a transistor is like a switch, turning current on and off, by using an electrical input?" It was almost like he couldn't comprehend my statement. I wish he could have seen this explanation. This is the clearest I've ever seen.
@democracymanifest3247
@democracymanifest3247 9 жыл бұрын
The world needs more people like this man.
@ToriRocksAmos
@ToriRocksAmos 9 жыл бұрын
now where is the qubit follow up video!?
@JMPM55
@JMPM55 9 жыл бұрын
Good explanation but why doesn't the camera person zoom out and keep it still so the viewer can see both the instructor and the black (white) board at the same time, instead of panning left and right? I got dizzy for swaying the camera left and right.
@Nocturnes1984
@Nocturnes1984 8 жыл бұрын
I came here to learn what transistors do and here I am, listening to a prof. from Black Sabbath talking about Quantum tunneling. Its 01am.....and...i'm....listening to ..... quantum mechanics... No...I don't understand quantum mechanics but do understand Transistors now.
@orimorningstar7094
@orimorningstar7094 8 жыл бұрын
Airborne dude it's 2:16 AM and I'm listening to my future self
@jose.anguila
@jose.anguila 3 жыл бұрын
This teacher is incredible, I can listen to him all day!
@KrosWyred
@KrosWyred 9 жыл бұрын
More videos with this man! I learned about Moore's Law and transistors while in college to be an Aircraft Maintenance Technician and would have loved to have this explained so clearly.
8 жыл бұрын
3 years after this video is relased... new amd and nvidia gpus will be 14 nm. About %36 smaller than 22 nm.
@SeanE90
@SeanE90 8 жыл бұрын
+Enes Miraç Kaya Because 20nm production was cancelled.
@wobblysauce
@wobblysauce 8 жыл бұрын
AMD is working on 12nm atm, and to think basically, a nm is a Silicon atom.
@iTracti0n
@iTracti0n 8 жыл бұрын
+wobbly sauce No, a nm is 2 silicon atoms.
@hey7328
@hey7328 8 жыл бұрын
and intel says 7 nm will be lowest possible. so we only have two years left
@TheGUARDIANOFFOR
@TheGUARDIANOFFOR 8 жыл бұрын
if you mean in 2 years you get some education NM is actuali still preaty big and we can go for 3d error prediction so nothing happening yet.... Every 2 years people say it cannot get more smaler but it does... Im heard a profesor that sad HDDS whud never hold more then 1GB ever ..... YEA you wont stop progrees... they find the way around or some new technologi or diferent approche ....
@Xonatron
@Xonatron 10 жыл бұрын
How do we get to the qubit video?
@adfasfuiuiui1056
@adfasfuiuiui1056 8 жыл бұрын
12nm chip says "Hi" from 2016.
@woutersamyn161
@woutersamyn161 7 жыл бұрын
Last
@opticaldrive2819
@opticaldrive2819 7 жыл бұрын
10nm now
@itsflashtime2001
@itsflashtime2001 7 жыл бұрын
IBM announced 5nm transistor a couple days ago.
@1345-m9s
@1345-m9s 7 жыл бұрын
holy shit that's trucking amazing
@klaasbernd
@klaasbernd 5 жыл бұрын
2019 here!. Be carefull of the marketing terms used 11nm and such. It used to be that it was the international standard to name the next node to the channel length of the transistor. However, this is no longer the case. The result is that if you watch a 11nm chip under the SEM/TEM you will find that the channel length is actually 15nm or more and the increased speed comes from better architecture among other things. Having said that. The have achieved 7nm lines at least (already in the past) (I've seen the pictures) and are indeed busy with going even further. I do not know how far they are with the actual device making. 2years ago there were still some issues with CD uniformity (aka, consistent channel length and switching speed). Source: I work in the industry. Anyway, with the current way the industry works, add 5nm to the channel length. On the other hand. as I've already seen the 7nm lines, that means what moore's law will continue for some 6-8 years.
@joeymurray1290
@joeymurray1290 2 жыл бұрын
Mario’s explanations are so clear and concise. Brilliant !!
@vdmjoris
@vdmjoris 4 жыл бұрын
His explanation on what a transistor is has never been explained to me more clearly than this. I tip my hat to that! But it is his predictions that 7 years later proved to be spot on! Qubits are coming on strong and we are just at the very very early start.
@amojak
@amojak 9 жыл бұрын
he describes the operation of an enhancement mode Field Effect Transistor (FET) , a depletion mode works in the opposite way and needs a negative charge on the Gate. The bipolar transistor is a different beast altogether and requires current into the Base , not voltage and has emitter/collector terminals Base = Gate , Source = Emitter , Drain = Collector.
@Rcvliegen
@Rcvliegen 9 жыл бұрын
+amojak you are completely correct. This is a FET. A bipolar "or normal" transistor works on current, not on voltage difference.
@maazahmedpoke
@maazahmedpoke 8 жыл бұрын
please make a video about how transistors are made to be just a few atoms apart? are quantum mechanics really the biggest problem and not the difficulty (if not impossible ) to make them literally the size of an atom? i hope you respond. i know it's an old upload. it's been bothering me for a long time
@TehIdiotOne
@TehIdiotOne 8 жыл бұрын
+Maaz ahmed We do believe Our engineering is accurate enough to be able to make transistors that small, and he is correct that the problem is once the transistor size gets that small, there's no real way that we know of, to stop Electrons from jumping
@dallasbarr-hagan6607
@dallasbarr-hagan6607 9 жыл бұрын
Thanks you just educated me in a massive way.. thank you so much...
@KLEANTRIX
@KLEANTRIX 5 жыл бұрын
I keep coming back to this video after 6 years... I have watched the whole thing like 8 times. Awesome video.
@thoughte2432
@thoughte2432 4 жыл бұрын
Now we're at 7nm & 12nm and at around 10 billion transistors per chip (not only on desktop but also on mobile chips)! Some examples (according to the wikipedia): * Apple A13: 8 500 000 000 transistors, 7nm * Qualcomm Snapdragon 8cx / SCX8180: 8 500 000 000, 7nm * AMD Epyc Rome: almost 40 billion! 7nm & 12nm * Nvidia Turing: around 19 000 000 000, 12 nm (i'm not sure about the size)
@PieceOfPersia
@PieceOfPersia 8 жыл бұрын
This guy makes me proud of being italian, even though he kinda enforces the stereotype that we have a really heavy accent lol
@JohnDemetriou
@JohnDemetriou 8 жыл бұрын
You do :) Well In Milan, Torino, Berghamo and Lake Como you do :) That's where I have been and all italians had a strong accent. Also many did not know english, or did not feel comfortable using english even though they knew what they wanted to say :)
@PieceOfPersia
@PieceOfPersia 8 жыл бұрын
Well, that would be true for almost every non-English-speaking country you visit, because it's not easy at all to grasp what a correct accent would sound like, or at least it isn't for a foreigner who hasn't learned English as a child (that's why in Italian schools English is a mandatory subject, and I believe that's true in almost every other European country aswell, but correct me if I'm wrong). Not to mention that there's no such thing as a "correct english accent". "Should I use an American accent or a British accent? Should I go for a southern/ hillbilly kind of accent, or a New Yorker? Should I sound like a Londonese or like a Scottish guy?". You see my point? Most of us just give up and speak as we normally would in our language, in some way that's the "easy route" :P
@JohnDemetriou
@JohnDemetriou 8 жыл бұрын
PieceOfPersia yeah. i did not say your accent ia wrong. its just that you can tell italians greeks, Hispanic and indians by their accent :-) sometimes french as well :-) there is no correct accent. only understandable and gibberish :-)
@Vatsyayana87
@Vatsyayana87 8 жыл бұрын
accents are not a stereotype... either you have them or not and thats based on culture.
@Vatsyayana87
@Vatsyayana87 8 жыл бұрын
anyone that has an accent to me, will hear an accent from me.
@dharantejav3375
@dharantejav3375 4 жыл бұрын
His Prediction is literally awesome, He said by 2025 we will make a transistor with only 3 or 4 atoms, and now TSMCs has finished the world's first 3nm plant and begins its production by 2022😂. I can't able to imagine how far we'll go in the future with more integration of quantum mechanics. lol
@BurriedTruth
@BurriedTruth 3 жыл бұрын
He is incredible, discovered him yesterday by watching a Quantum Computing presentation of his.
@dharantejav3375
@dharantejav3375 3 жыл бұрын
@@BurriedTruth Yeahh, I decided to watch every video of his XD
@theblueeyedcrooner1576
@theblueeyedcrooner1576 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for posting this. Was thinking when he made the prediction…”wonder what they are now?”.
@sylviam6535
@sylviam6535 3 жыл бұрын
If 22nm is 50 atoms, 3nm is about 7 atoms.
@DeTyPeNeOda
@DeTyPeNeOda 11 жыл бұрын
Damn i was shocked by the ending sound effect :S ^^
@hall87668
@hall87668 5 жыл бұрын
seriously, despite the knowledge gap, this guys ability to simplify for the layman is phenomenal. I learned more in that 8 min video from him then I have from hours of reading!
@suburbanrapper
@suburbanrapper 5 жыл бұрын
omg..... please do a whole course in electronics... i have tried and tried...and this is the best explanation i have ever seen.... Thank you Jesus..!
@Farmfield
@Farmfield 11 жыл бұрын
Awesome video - but... I thought for sure this would explain why a new Intel i7 4770k (released q2, 2013) isn't (much) faster than my 3770k (q2, 2012) - but sadly no. Is it just me or doesn't it seem like Moore's law, at least in what it should mean for performance, has been at a standstill for quite a while now..?
@practice00
@practice00 11 жыл бұрын
The reason for this is because Intel (and to some extent AMD) have started to focus more and more on energy efficiency rather than raw power. And this focus is caused by rise of the mobile market when compared with the desktop market. So new processor families are thought mobile-first and therefore energy efficiency is prime.
@Farmfield
@Farmfield 11 жыл бұрын
practice - That sounds like a plausible explanation. My own thought have been in this direction though I also believe Intel and AMD has hit some kind of barrier with the current architecture seeing the very slow development from the Core2 line of CPU's until today. Personally I find this particularly sucky as I can't upgrade my current 1-1/2 year old workstation without jumping up to a dual Xeon setup with a $2000+ pricetag on CPU's and MB alone. :P
@DavidBuxton
@DavidBuxton 11 жыл бұрын
Farmfield Also, CPU's today more powerful in multi-tasking. Old CPU's would be good at single tasks but would struggle when multiple tasks were running concurrently. Personally I think we'll see the end of Moore's law in the next 10-20 years. What happens next is anybody's guess.
@Farmfield
@Farmfield 11 жыл бұрын
***** - What's 'old'? I'm looking at the last 3-4 years. From the faster i7 9xx series back in 2010 to the i7 2600k (2011) you get 15% higher performance but from the 2600k to the i7 3770k to the i7 4770k you get about 5-7% per step, even less if you overclock, so that's at best a 15% performance increase over the last 36 months... Basically a standstill...
@DavidBuxton
@DavidBuxton 11 жыл бұрын
Not disagreeing with you Farmfield. Raw computational power seems to have slowed (despite Moore's law still holding true). Are we witnessing the limit of silicon or are Intel and AMD (as you rightly suggest) moving their focus away from power to mobile computing? Personally, I think the current gen of Intel CPU's are crazy fast, but I still remember having a single core CPU running at 1.2gz.... :)
@sergiobosi454
@sergiobosi454 5 жыл бұрын
watching this on 7 nm tech from the futureeee
@PlasmaMongoose
@PlasmaMongoose 10 жыл бұрын
What I am getting from this video is that in about 10 years or so, quantum laws will prevent transistors from getting any smaller, so we will be needing something new to replace transistors if we ever hope to have a smartphone with a Exabyte capacity.
@sam2maddy2001
@sam2maddy2001 10 жыл бұрын
Yes and Professor Morello and his team are already working on it.
@drted
@drted 10 жыл бұрын
Honestly, Moore's law is probably already over today. It's getting too expensive to scale transistors down further.
@PlasmaMongoose
@PlasmaMongoose 10 жыл бұрын
Ted Sanders I know what you mean, my PC is 3 years old, has 8Gb Ram and a 2Tb hard drive, I looked up the latest PCs today and while the Ram has increased, they still only have 2Tb hard drives at the most.
@zHSVClubby
@zHSVClubby 10 жыл бұрын
PlasmaMongoose What does a HDD have to do with transistor size? Nothing...
@zHSVClubby
@zHSVClubby 10 жыл бұрын
***** If you read my comment, you will see I was replying to Plasmamongoose, not you. Genius. She was talking about Hard Drives. HDD data is stored on platters, and not on microchips.
@starcrafter13terran
@starcrafter13terran 9 жыл бұрын
I like how this guy speaks clearly and explains things in a way easy to comprehend.
@LilBudaa
@LilBudaa 9 жыл бұрын
This guy is probably one of the best teachers in the world. Andrea Morello, You sir, are absolutely awesome.
@Dave-yl8rf
@Dave-yl8rf 10 жыл бұрын
I love his accent
@oishisakana
@oishisakana 9 жыл бұрын
What sort of marjor/program do I need to sign up for to just hang around this guy all day and pick up what hes putting down?
@Penguin_of_Death
@Penguin_of_Death 5 жыл бұрын
Well...to start with you'd have to move to Australia...
@dingo9696
@dingo9696 5 жыл бұрын
Electrical engineering
@chuckjls
@chuckjls 11 жыл бұрын
Disruptive technology. awesome. Hope I live long enough to see it.
@alienkishorekumar
@alienkishorekumar 11 жыл бұрын
The fact is that, it's already here, but it's not yet here, I mean to say that they are doing it in the Universities.
@chuckjls
@chuckjls 11 жыл бұрын
alienkishorekumar I guess what I meant was I hope I live long enough to buy a computer made from this technology. It'd probably be the size of a cell phone and have the processing speed of a mainframe.
@PS-Straya_M8
@PS-Straya_M8 6 жыл бұрын
I would go to university just to listen to this man, very clear explanations!
@parajared
@parajared 9 жыл бұрын
Professor Morello is amazing! He describes things in such a way that it just instantly clicks in my head. I love his teaching style.
@HumbertoRamosCosta
@HumbertoRamosCosta 5 жыл бұрын
2019 and we are stucked at 7nm :(
@AdiiS
@AdiiS 5 жыл бұрын
Not bad considering Intel is still stuck at 14nm lol those bozos
@4.0.4
@4.0.4 5 жыл бұрын
TSMC and Samsung are working on 5nm and 3nm. There is experimental stuff on smaller nodes. I think 2021 we'll have 5nm, but they want it by mid-2020.
@1pcfred
@1pcfred 5 жыл бұрын
@@4.0.4 you don't even really have 7 nm now. They're just counting on the fact that you don't have an electron microscope to see it for yourself.
@Nuclearcx
@Nuclearcx 4 жыл бұрын
Actually there are working 3nm and 5nm designs already. But anyway, Quantum Computers are also really taking off, therefore possibly solving the problem for good if they can be rigged into doing classical computing which _should_ be simple enough.
@jorgepereira2950
@jorgepereira2950 4 жыл бұрын
@@Nuclearcx Go watch the other video of this guy in Veritasium (1). He explains that Quantum Computers will never replace classical computers, their porpuse is to calculate exponentially. That is, to calculate problems that get way to complicated for classical computing duo to the immense size of numbers / variables involved. But that doesn't make it better for everyday use computing.
@Icathiann
@Icathiann 10 жыл бұрын
I wouldn't be able to take him seriously if he was a teacher, I'd expect him to let his hair out of the ponytail and start singing power metal at any second.
@TheSkipjack95
@TheSkipjack95 10 жыл бұрын
I kept thinking the same thing
@PremiumBlank
@PremiumBlank 10 жыл бұрын
I was reminded of Dr Mobius from Command and Conquer.
@MrWarlock616
@MrWarlock616 10 жыл бұрын
lol you made my day :D
@e1123581321345589144
@e1123581321345589144 10 жыл бұрын
are you saying that power metal singers make bad teachers? that's cultural discrimination and I won't have any of it.
@LootFragg
@LootFragg 7 жыл бұрын
"So the object becomes fast enough to escape the gravitational puUUOOOAAHHHLLL!!!" **cue squealie**
@Jackle02
@Jackle02 9 жыл бұрын
This video's great, but the camerawork is atrocious. Please fire the cameraman, and just get a wider shot with more information. This video isn't supposed to be eventful or have a lot of action, you don't need so much shaky cam.
@eddybarker5072
@eddybarker5072 6 ай бұрын
I wish I would have had the Count teach my Physics classes. He’s really good.
@lincolnkarim1
@lincolnkarim1 5 жыл бұрын
Nicely explained. I wish you'd explain the operation of the bipolar transistor or even the basic junction diode first before getting into the FET transistor. I may help to demonstrate the evolution of the electronic switch. Regardless it was very well presented.
@jakewoolard1770
@jakewoolard1770 9 жыл бұрын
is that Geddy Lee
@Slarti
@Slarti 10 жыл бұрын
Why not just make chips bigger? That way you can fit more transistors on the chips.
@TileWonder
@TileWonder 10 жыл бұрын
Because it would cost a lot more to produce. The chips would have a higher chance of failure during manufacturing. And because the chips would use a lot more electricity because they're bigger. There's more reasons, but those 3 are the main ones I believe.
@connorx447
@connorx447 10 жыл бұрын
Nowadays, manufactures now shrink the die node size, i think Intel is down to 22 nm nodes, hence reducing the chip size with every iteration. Sadly tho, the smaller the nodes, the more heat is stored within the chip. So the smaller the node, the more transistors we can fit, but also the more heat it outputs.
@felixtsang8948
@felixtsang8948 10 жыл бұрын
This is comparing the chips with the rate of moores law. explain about it on 4:25
@ken0block
@ken0block 10 жыл бұрын
they are making everything small ( thiner iphone, iwatch , google glass , ...) that will make them to work on smaller CPU & chips.
@luisloyolaboyokan
@luisloyolaboyokan 10 жыл бұрын
the future is the cloudcomputing, you don't need one computer that is ultrafast if you could use a lot of small computers.
@SebastianLopez-nh1rr
@SebastianLopez-nh1rr 8 жыл бұрын
I feel like watching a Brady's Channel
@Wumbolo
@Wumbolo 8 жыл бұрын
Sebastián López I thought it was Brady asking questions
@Vatsyayana87
@Vatsyayana87 8 жыл бұрын
lol this is veritasium
@subbuktek
@subbuktek 6 жыл бұрын
The best explanation of transistors. I come here often. Use it like a reference video.
@lawrencepacheco3342
@lawrencepacheco3342 5 жыл бұрын
I've been trying to understand transistors all year and he perfectly explained how they work and I understand now
@CemKalyoncu
@CemKalyoncu 9 жыл бұрын
Maybe irrelevant but this is FET (field effect transistor).
@scowell
@scowell 9 жыл бұрын
Cem Kalyoncu There are very few bipolar transistors in your computer or phone. Unlike the '60's, '70s, etc today a generic 'transistor' is an IGFET.
@louistournas120
@louistournas120 9 жыл бұрын
scowell I had to look up IGFET (insulated gate field effect transistor). Looks like it is another acronym for MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor).
@scowell
@scowell 9 жыл бұрын
louis tournas Wikipedia covers it nicely... "An insulated-gate field-effect transistor or IGFET is a related term almost synonymous with MOSFET. The term may be more inclusive, since many "MOSFETs" use a gate that is not metal, and a gate insulator that is not oxide. " An alternative would be JFET, not as common today but with its own uses.
@drmosfet
@drmosfet 9 жыл бұрын
I'm sure BJT are at risk as well.
@outputresistance
@outputresistance 9 жыл бұрын
+scowell They are still heavily used in analog circuits, though.
@Chevifier
@Chevifier 9 жыл бұрын
That moment when youre like: haaaaaaaaaa.
@AppleJacksApple1
@AppleJacksApple1 10 жыл бұрын
He sounds like a Khajiit from Elder Scrolls
@Slarti
@Slarti 4 жыл бұрын
I have not found anyone who explains quantum computing or the mechanism of cpu's better than this man.
@Calastein
@Calastein 7 жыл бұрын
I could literally watch this guy talk forever, fascinating!
Quantum Computing with Andrea Morello
1:45:18
EEVdiscover
Рет қаралды 285 М.
Transistors - The Invention That Changed The World
8:12
Real Engineering
Рет қаралды 6 МЛН
Мясо вегана? 🧐 @Whatthefshow
01:01
История одного вокалиста
Рет қаралды 7 МЛН
Гениальное изобретение из обычного стаканчика!
00:31
Лютая физика | Олимпиадная физика
Рет қаралды 4,8 МЛН
Правильный подход к детям
00:18
Beatrise
Рет қаралды 11 МЛН
The brilliant stalemate
1:18
Chesstricks
Рет қаралды 1,3 М.
What is Quantum Mechanical Spin?
8:44
2veritasium
Рет қаралды 631 М.
The Extreme Physics Pushing Moore’s Law to the Next Level
11:52
Quantum Cooling to (Near) Absolute Zero
9:57
2veritasium
Рет қаралды 2,2 МЛН
How Scientists Reacted to Gravitational Wave Detection
9:14
2veritasium
Рет қаралды 1,3 МЛН
Survivor Bias
8:47
2veritasium
Рет қаралды 934 М.
Why We're Reaching the Theoretical Limit of Computer Power
7:27
Half as Interesting
Рет қаралды 1,8 МЛН
Anti Social Media
7:14
2veritasium
Рет қаралды 475 М.
Why I'm Not a Scientist
7:57
2veritasium
Рет қаралды 393 М.
How To Make a Quantum Bit
7:51
Veritasium
Рет қаралды 1,7 МЛН
Мясо вегана? 🧐 @Whatthefshow
01:01
История одного вокалиста
Рет қаралды 7 МЛН