Turning the Gravitational Wave Game To The Max

Gravitational waves can reveal things we would never detect otherwise. But different events require different sizes of detectors. In this interview, I'm talking with Waldemar Martens from ESA about a proposed LISAmax mission that will have 259 million kilometer arms and should be able to detect collisions of supermassive black holes.
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More about LISAmax:
arxiv.org/abs/2304.08287
00:00 Intro
01:38 What's the status of LISA
10:18 What could LISA detect
20:45 What would LISAmax be
34:57 What could LISAmax discover
40:10 LISA VS LISAmax
48:25 What's next for LISAmax
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[@JohnDunne001]

Fraser, your channel is officially my fav channel on youtube! Thank you!! Keeping the lasers 'in sync' is incredible. The lag time between a photon being emitted from one observatory to another could be as much as 10 minutes! In other words, the lasers are being fired at the location the observatory will be in X minutes time.... This project is incredible! I normally think of lasers as 'straight lines,' but not on this project, they're 'wobbly' lasers :D Love it

[@dudeonbike800]

No, it's "wobbly space," not lasers! The lasers shoot straight, it's the damn cosmos that's crooked!!!

[@dropshot1967]

Awesome interview and great guest. Very informative.

[@francistony4306]

Firstly, I enjoy it when Fraser has to explain to an expert that they don't need to explain Lagrange points. Secondly, I see the potential to define a new numbering system; a "Fraser point of 5" means a point 5 degrees away from the Earth to L3 Lagrange point. How do we make this official? Does someone just create a Wikipedia page and we start mentioning it at parties? Fraser has earned this!

[@ApteraEV2024]

It (The Fraiser point-L5) would go well with X-Planet Frasier Kain❤🎉 🌎 Very Inspiring!! 🇺🇸

[@ApteraEV2024]

I subbed🎉to the ROCK😅

[@dudeonbike800]

I found your channel in my podcast feed; so glad I found your YT channel too! I'm assuming gravitational wave observatories like this will reveal that we're constantly getting hit with these waves and that they permeate the cosmos, much like waves on the electromagnetic spectrum. Wow, this is opening our eyes to a completely new way to observe the universe (which is what he says, I realize). But with LIGO currently, you're looking for the rare, but large gravitational events. With LISA and LISAmax, we'll realize we're just missing all this "background noise" of waves passing through us from every which way. Just like light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray and all the rest! So damn cool! Thank you for showing us this and letting Dr. Martens expound on his project.

[@bradeng7]

Question for your Q&A Frasier: is the CMG diffusing over time? Assuming it’s an expanding sphere of energy centred on the Big Bang, do we expect it to become weaker at any given point with increasing distance and time? Is the CMG a shell of energy like a shock wave, or a filled ball? Why hasn’t it expanded past us at the speed of light leaving nothing? Supernova happen and dissipate quickly, how is the CMB different?

[@dudeonbike800]

I've always struggled with part of your question as well, but regarding the EMS. Why didn't all the light and energy from the Big Bang (and subsequent events) already speed past us billions of years ago? Especially when the universe was much smaller, and the distance to reach us was less. Well, inflation explains it. We're able to look so far into the past because the universe was expanding far faster than the speed of light. So this is what explains our ability to observe things that happened so long ago and that the light or gravitational waves are just reaching us now. At least that's how I understand it. I'm sure I've got it all wrong!

[@BitcoinMeister]

You can tell this guy is not a regular watcher of the channel (which is fine) when he tries to define Lagrange points and F politely cuts him off. Loved it!

[@frasercain]

We didn't have time for an explanation of Lagrange points

[@miinyoo]

LISA MAX yes please. That would be like the Hubble in terms of Grav Waves. LIGO is like Galileo's first telescope. Has anyone asked or determined what those pipes and apparatus are above Dr. Marten's head? I'm kinda curious.

[@WaldemarMartens]

I recorded the interview in my recording studio. I do music in my spare time and that's acoustic treatment on the ceiling plus a (switched-off) video light :)

[@charleslivingston2256]

At radio frequencies, the number of grating lobes (incoming directions with identical delta-phase) would be enormous having the third one would help to diagnosis those, but not sure how much.

[@serbannicolau3489]

Fascinating subject! Great interview, Fraser! Thanks!

[@AndersWelander]

Totally awesome video as always. I guess gravitational waves are way too long to hope for a picture although a direction to the source might be determined. Sure would be totally amazing to hear the baby scream from the newborn universe.

[@christycoffman]

I am amazed at the breadth & depth of your understanding of these targeted concepts and related topics. I have Computer Science w/ Math/Phisics minor and sometimes I think I get it. I'm all in...thank you!

[@frasercain]

My degree is in computer science too, so it's a pretty good foundation for this kind of thing. So much of astronomy is done by computers. :-)

[@chriserb2645]

Love the channel

[@frasercain]

Thanks!

[@JayCross]

For the Giant Event Horizon Telescope, one of the problems is the huge data rate required. It might require sending large data storage devices back and forth from Earth to the three (or more) receivers.

[@alexjband]

Did some back of the envelope math and came up with the number of about 11.6 uHz (micro Hertz) for the frequency of 1 day. Is this the kind of noise frequency that LISA Max is sensitive to? Just like the James Webb space telescope is designed for curing deep into the universe, could LISA Max "hear" the tides? Jupiter's moons? Alpha Centauri?

[@WaldemarMartens]

LISAmax is most sensitive at around 5e-4 Hz. The signal strength produced by the Jupiter moon tides are way too low to be detected by any conceivable gravitational wave detector today.

[@feltonhamilton21]

To know for sure about black holes and gravitational waves and how effective they are and how to avoid them and keep track of them, shoot a permanent radiation monitor with a stopping mechanism out toward it and as it approaches closely toward the black hole it can begin picking up precise measurements and reading on the danger a head immediately. understanding the density of its radiation field you would know it's a black hole before entering into its gravitational field. Best for the monitor then for a spaceship to approach closely toward the outer field of a black hole. And by the way black holes make a good landmark and since there are so many of them they might become the perfect stop signs for traveling out in deep space... I believe as the monitor enter into the gravitational field of a black hole it might reduce in speed as it penetrate against the gravitational force field this will be a good opportunity to measure gravitational waves..

[@BigDaddy-yp4mi]

a lot of your interviews, awesome as they are, drive me batty with the horrible cross-seas connections of most of your guests. This one had such good quality (looks-wise) and content, I had to comment and tell you so. I'm a higher functioning autistic....and the relief of a good connection settles my brain in a way similar maybe to witnessing the begging of the Universe. I cannot thank you enough!

[@frasercain]

Good audio is the key, and people don't realize they need better gear. I think we're months away from AI tools that can clean up bad audio and then the problem will go away forever.

[@michaelkrakenshan]

Really enjoyed this interview. Very interesting

[@taqyon]

Q&A Question: Wouldn't it be better to put a Lisa way out into the solar system so that the individual nodes are not affected too much by independent local forces. The "arms" can then be shortened by moving the nodes and so have a brand new gravitational telescope able to study different wave lengths. Of course it'll take a lot of power, but with solar panels charging the batteries during observation months it can build up a charge to do the repositioning (assuming enough ion drive propellant - service missions to refuel?). This can perhaps also be achieved by activating and deactivating deflecting mirrors a various points down the arms. Also I think Frasier, you are confusing the arm lengths of a gravitational wave detector with resolution (compared to cross section of primary mirror in optics) but the arm lengths, as Dr Martens explained, specifies frequency (visual vs IR vs UV) so lisa max would be blind to the things we really want to study. Maybe grav wave resolution is determined by the number of beams in the arms?

[@AndersWelander]

One funny thing about gravitational waves is that they gravitate since they carry energy. I hope I am right about that. I followed a course in general relativity by Leonard Susskind where I think he said it. This fact makes the equations wonderfully complicated. But only if you want to solve them with quad precision since the effect is ridiculously small.

[@andytroo]

that's how the waves propagate, and how they were originally predicted - oh, hey, if you put enough energy into distorting space, it causes space distortion :) - just like a stone in a pond.

[@AndersWelander]

@@andytroo it's so very common to linearize wave equations. I'm talking about the full solution. This made me think about optical fibers. There's a nonlinear effect that can prevent dispersion as long as the light intensity is large. The pulse keeps itself together. That's a cool effect.

[@eruiluvatar236]

Fraser, I have some insight about the question you asked towards the end about doing an EHT like radio interferometer with this orbit: Although it is not completely impossible, it would be insanely hard from the data/computation perspective. The issue is that you need to correlate data in a time window spanning the delay in the travel time of the signal and you need to sample the signal at least at twice the frequency of the wavelength of interest (EHT works at 230 to 450GHz) so even at just 8 bits per sample (usually scientific instruments use higher precision but this could be a minimum), you are looking at at least 500GB per second and in the roughly 10 minutes that you would have to consider, it would be 3 Petabytes of data for a single observation. Sending that amount of data back is going to be a challenge, but I guess that the same lasers developed for lisa max could do it!. Processing the data would take one of the largest super computers and a lot of time. As for the telescopes themselves, they would need to know their position at the time of each sample with microns of error and their samples would need to be synchronized within ideally much lower than 0.004ns. That is needed because you need to have less than a wavelength of error. I know about the hardware to sample radio and the software to process it but I have no idea if this requirements can or can't be meet. I believe that if the time and position requirements could be meet, given a decade of advance, the data/processing side of things may improve to the point of being economically viable. Right now I think that it is a bit too much. Of course if you lower the wavelength, things get easier but so does the resolution. So maybe not going as insane as the EHT and sampling at a much lower frequency would be a much better idea. The radio hardware for sampling at 1GHz is really cheap, all the other things are 500 times easier too and although the resolution is 500 times worse, it would still have like 2000 times more resolution than the EHT.

[@WaldemarMartens]

Thanks for the interesting information! This indeed seems completely out of reach with the current technology. To give some perspective of what is possible today: The mission with the most precise timing requirement (to my knowledge) is Gaia which achieves a synchronization accuracy ~1 micro second (on-board time to UTC). Regarding the position accuracy: for LISA we expect to achieve to know the absolute arm length knowledge at the meter level. But that already requires both ground-based Range/Doppler data and inter-spacecraft laser ranging.

[@bobinthewest8559]

I love talking to scientists, or listening to scientists talk… Simply because of HOW QUICK They are to tell you when they DON’T know something you’ve asked them.

[@bernhardjordan9200]

Listening to the interview, I got thinking about the orientation of the "antenna" being in the orbital plane is like only heaving the antenna pointing to one direction it's a 2d antenna

[@GoCoyote]

Because of the way that gravitational waves are detected, it is not receiving and focusing the waves in the same way a directional antenna does. The detectors are both sending and receiving a beam of light at all times between them that detects perturbations in the distance between them. The three wave detectors will be able to extrapolate the direction based on the timing of the gravity waves as they effect each sending and receiving unit. Any oblique signals between 90 degrees and zero degrees from the plane of the array will hit the detectors at different times, allowing a direction to be computed based on the change between each detector. The only difficulty will be if all detectors receive the signals at the same time, then the waves will be coming from 90 degrees off the orbital plane in one direction or another, but it will be a choice of only two opposite directions.

[@bernhardjordan9200]

@@GoCoyote it makes sense

[@MarinCipollina]

Great interview, Fraser, but I have to ask. Do you have any idea of the function of the ceiling sculptures in the room Dr Martens is speaking from ? Perhaps there's acoustic function? Also, do you have any idea what the function of that metallic framing, also suspended from the ceiling?

[@alangarland8571]

This suggests that spacetime can be treated as a fluid. Has anyone yet tried applying ordinary fluid dynamics to this and see what happens?

[@stooartbabay]

Fantastic!!!!

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

Gravity waves ride on spacetime. Black holes severely bend spacetime. Would gravity waves follow the bend around black holes? And bend around any gravity? But specifically black holes: could gravity waves orbit a black hole, like the notion of the theorized firewall for photons but for gravity waves?

[@jwwebnaut7045]

Hey, thinking about baseline lengths, I'd like to propose a Lisa Supermax using the Lagrange Points of Jupiter. That should decisively lower the frequency range once more 😊 Reserving the other Gas Giants for a later day.

[@AndersWelander]

I believe gravitational waves are also affected by gravity and subject to gravitational lensing.

[@dudeonbike800]

Oh yeah, I love how Dr. Martens repeats "Einstein" with "Einschtein" as he speaks. I don't know him, but I can only assume he's from the south of Germany. Swabia would be my more specific guess. I used to say "Einstein" before I spent a summer in Stuttgart. Now I say "Einschtein" too, as the Schwabs love adding "sh" to ALL their "s"s, not just the ones that initiate a German word! PS I had to Google him.... and the verdict is: well, still unclear, BUT he's in Karlsruhe, just west of Stuttgart, so I'm kinda right. Can't find bio info that shows where he grew up, but I'm guessing the south. BTW, he's tri-lingual with German and Russian being his mother tongues and fluent in English. His English is excellent; my German will NEVER be that good! (At least I can order beer with the best of them!!!)

[@mbmurphy777]

It’s interesting. I wonder if we possible use the star link laser system in this way. Clearly it would take a lot of computational power to reconstruct signals from thousands of satellites that are moving all over the place but the newer ones all have lasers to communicate with each other. It would be interesting if some of that bandwith could occasionally be used. Probably the instruments wouldn’t be sensitive enough, but maybe that could be overcome with thousands of satellites and a lot of computing power

[@AndersWelander]

Sounds like a great idea to evaluate. I hope one of those guys thinks about it.

[@Nethershaw]

Can't work in principle. You need to bounce a photon from A to B and _back to A without absorbing it_ in one arm of a Michelson interferometer. Photons used for communication as they are in this application are not suitable for interferometry. Optical digital communication links rely on parallel complementary _one-way_ channels between peers.

[@mbmurphy777]

@@Nethershaw that’s not how they do it in space. They do it in space by timing the delay of the photon based on what would be expected. They explain that in the video.

[@user-hq6ml5uz3g]

Question: can gravitational waves can be Doppler shifted? If so, would that be a useful effect?

[@yourguard4]

Yes, they can.

[@oskarskalski2982]

We can use it to measure hubble constant. Actually they are already using LIGO to measure hubble constant. Although we have too few measurements, do the error bars are huge. Nevertheless with more detections we will have them shrink down.

[@greggweber9967]

Aiming at far away satellites and knowing how far away they are in real time is better than what they did with recording on video tapes and collating them together by time. (miniseries called The Astronomers)

[@willorr1494]

Im thinking about the electron experiment.. how they change when observed...could be the same with outerspace..if not observed would space be different and how would we know......

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

If a gravitational 'wave' passes, and squashes/stretches space/ime as it goes, how come it dosn't perturb the light at the same time/amount and therefore cancel out the interference effects?

[@scottdorfler2551]

So Fraser, If I add Lagrange points 3, 4, and 5, does that equal Lagrange point 12? 😁🤠🤯

[@TheyCallMeNewb]

Is there a hidden scientific meaning behind those unusual ceiling shapes? X, Y, Z data on plot? Extremely specific sound-channeling? Tetris derivative played from the floor wearing V.R. goggles?

[@joederbyshire_]

Not sure if this is a joke comment but if not ill clarify that they are acoustic diffusers meant to scatter and scramble reflections. Usually low frequencies that tend to build up and resonate.

[@johnstoner2]

Another question, is anyone looking at detecting higher frequency waves? How would that work?

[@sergey9986]

I wonder how reaction wheels on LISA operate to avoid vibration

[@bobinthewest8559]

Science community: Let’s put a spacecraft at an exact point in space on the opposite side of the sun. Regular folks: Is this second avenue?????

[@junkmail4613]

How about a tetrahedron orbiting earth, or a 318 times larger than that tetrahedron orbiting jupiter, or 1047 times larger than that tetrahedron orbiting the sun, with 4 equidistant legs from the center out to the apexes, where these equal length legs could simultaneously be compared in pairs, all sourced from a single laser split 4 ways and returned for interference comparison, to completely locate the source in all four pi steradians . She's so SWEET!

[@bmobert]

It seems to me that though the stability of L3 is similarly unstable regardless of the primary/secondary (sun-earth vs earth-moon, for example) the time component of the instability will be longer for larger orbits. Meaning a sun-mars L3 orbit would take longer to show the same deviation compared a sun-earth L3 orbit. Is that an accurate assessment?

[@bmobert]

Also, it seems that one could have three sets of LISA triangles, each orbiting a Sun-Earth Lagrange point, allowing for several overlapping interferometric triangles over a broad spectrum.

[@ahaveland]

Surely you would need at least a 3D tetrahedral arrangement of 4 nodes instead of 3? 4 nodes may be complicated because Legrange points are 2D. Do they really have to be stationary with respect to each other? I suppose phase variations in relative motions could be isolated and extracted.

[@georgespalding7640]

Is it possible that an advanced race could use gravitational waves as a means of communication?

[@frasercain]

In theory, but it's a very weak signal. When you wave at your friend with your hand you're emitting gravitational waves. The trick would be to detect them.

[@georgespalding7640]

@@frasercain Think of it like a very high-end way to communicate only enabled by a few extremely advanced alien species. The only ones who could respond to it would be another advanced race.

[@oskarskalski2982]

Read about CCC from Penrose. He posits that past advanced civilisation can imprint GW signal into the CMB. "Within conformal cyclic cosmology, the cosmic microwave background provides the possibility of information transfer from one aeon to another, including of intelligent signals within the information panspermia concept."

[@jimdotz]

Wouldn't it be just as easy technically to use the L3, L4, and L5 points of the Sun&Jupiter system to create a "LisaSuperMax" gravity wave detector as it would be to create the "LisaMax" gravity wave detector using the Sun&Earth system? And if so, how much more interesting would the "LisaSuperMax" results be than the "LisaMax" results?

[@WaldemarMartens]

It is possible but not "just as easy". The transfer to these orbits would be much more costly, plus we would lose the constant geometry relative to Earth. Overall, it would require a major leap in mission complexity.

[@markc2643]

@@WaldemarMartens Not only that, but Jupiter's L4 & L5 are filled with trojans.

[@Peoples_Republic_of_Cotati]

Thinking on a bigger scale...can a Gravitational Lense Observatory (or network made of them), be used to magnify Gravity Waves?

[@mbmurphy777]

Doubt it. Think about how much energy it takes to create waves

[@Peoples_Republic_of_Cotati]

@@mbmurphy777 that's not what I meant. I am not suggesting an artificial magnification. But would Solar gravity lense affect gravity waves ...enough to be useful for an observatory?

[@theOrionsarms]

Focal length depend on the frequency(the shorter is the wave length the short is the focal length) , since for gravitational waves detectors, (even for future one like those proposed in this theoretical concepts of 250 million km interferometer) it's on the microhertz in frequency ,OK for current detectors would be kilohertzs range but with lower sensitivity , that means that if you use a sun like stars as a gravity lens for gravitational waves, you need to be at tens of light years from the gravity lensing object at least, so in theory you can use other near by stars for that purpose(in theory, practically you can't) , because you can't point your gravitational waves detectors only on a small portion of space, you get all gravitational waves from all the sources and from any directions, that is the thing with gravitational waves detectors , you cannot shield your detectors from gravitational waves that come from a direction that your not interested, so you get all the signals from any directions at the same time, and only the most powerful are obvious and the rest are lost in the background noise.

[@johnstoner2]

what about Neptune? What could we look at with a gravitational interferometer in Neptune's LaGrange points?

[@frasercain]

Bigger is better, but the communication times to Neptune get pretty extreme.

[@johnstoner2]

@@frasercain well it sounds like bigger is better... for lower frequency waves.

[@marijandesin8226]

Both gravity and electromagnetic waves seem to abide by the same 299 792 458 m/s speed constant. How come gravitational waves travel exactly the speed of light. By definition the terms light, electromagnetic waves, and radiation all refer to the same physical phenomenon: electromagnetic energy.

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

The correct term for “the speed of light” is “speed of causation”. 299 792 458 m/s is the fastest that one event can cause another event. Our day-to-day experience is with light so causation and light are used interchangeably.

[@tarumph]

When will we get LISAjove?

[@triskeliand]

yay for le-grange point you could use the LISA data to help calibrate the radio telescope version. I am sure all require atomic clocks?

[@greggweber9967]

Do you need those angles or just know where the satellites are compared with each other? Lasers don't need to be a solid crystal ruby.

[@bgtyhnmju7]

Mostly just need to know where they are, yup.

[@FloridaMan69.]

interesting

[@mr.transposon5017]

You technically don't fall into a black hole as you are composed of energy and mass. You merge with the black hole. You could be billions of light-years away and you both exert a force on eachother.

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Gravitational influence between two object only exists if they are causally connected...

[@greggweber9967]

Is it so sensitive that signals will overlap with each other and get hidden in the noise?

[@WaldemarMartens]

The noise contributions are modelled very carefully for gravitational wave detectors such that they can be subtracted from the signal. The overlapping signals is an issue that is not easy to solve, in particular if many sources are involved.

[@greggweber9967]

@@WaldemarMartens Like three straws stuck vertically close together in the sea and trying to figure out the origin and cause of the wavelets from far away that moved them a bit?

[@WaldemarMartens]

@@greggweber9967 that sounds like a good analogy

[@bernhardjordan9200]

Sorry nothing shorter of Jupiter's Lagrange points is acceptable Ideally Saturn's Go big or go home

[@bernhardjordan9200]

I wonder about redshifting in gravitational waves, to see really ancient stuff it's probably heavely redshifted

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

@@bernhardjordan9200 “red shift” Detecting red shift depends on well understood spectral emissions or spectral absorption lines. We know the spectral lines of the elements and common molecules, the distance between the lines are understood. The exact position on the spectrum of these lines gives the red/blue shift. Gravity waves, as far as we know today, aren’t subject to emission/absorption lines. They can & will red/blue shift but that shift will be indistinguishable from smaller/larger black holes colliding. Smaller black holes will circle around each other faster before merging. But a pair of larger black holes will circle slower, set up longer waves, but could be collectively moving toward us thus blue-shifting the gravity waves to appear to be smaller black holes.

[@bernhardjordan9200]

@@CarFreeSegnitz I understand that a bigger Black hole merge closer or an early smaller Black hole merge can be undistinguishable with out any other data point due "redshifting", I imagine that for early universe and for that I meant before light transparency the elongation of wavelengths due expansion is much more pronounced, the space effect on the wavelength is proportional, double the space double the wavelength, so when it was way smaller doubleings were more frequent than nowadays. Ok with the acceleration in expansion it might change it the future but for sure it still will take some time

[@aapex1]

4:47 "a flexible substance that can bend on its own". And fall into mass and vanish giving the appearance of "expanding space"?????

[@greggweber9967]

46:15 The antenna might be big, but the collating computer to see if this wavefront is seen by each satellite would need to be enormous. Imagine someone saying that they are doing this when they are actually doing this and spying on everyone during their spare time. LoL

[@rosefletcher2881]

So we can stop the AI with the CME

[@ocoro174]

uwu more Fraser 🥰

[@cosmicwolf7101]

Weeb

[@ronaldkemp3952]

Why doesn't GWs slow down by mass and dark matter while traveling through space?

[@3zdayz]

It's kind of too bad that a sub goal of this wasn't to measure the one-way speed of light. It should be basically be a confirmation of the red shift in the CMBR relative to our solar system.

[@oskarskalski2982]

How would you measure one-way speed of light using GW? I thought that it is impossible in principle.

[@3zdayz]

@@oskarskalski2982 using the platform which is using light to communicate anyways you could generate short pulses that include the local timestamps and echo them back and forth

[@3zdayz]

@@oskarskalski2982 0.0012% difference over the millions of kilometers that the satellites will be should be an appreciable amount of time difference between the forward and backward worst case times.

[@oskarskalski2982]

@@3zdayz yes, ok, but as far as I know the measurement in one way would be hampered by special relativity. I need to refresh this topic from Veritassium because I forgot all the problems related to it.

[@3zdayz]

@@oskarskalski2982 I've recently been tackling that. Recent videos on my KZbin channel are pretty short explanations. I find that the Lawrentz transform it's only accurate in a very small frame. But I do have the math for what works in reality... It's actually quite amazing to me that after applying this correct Lawrentz transform and the light aberration from an observer moving at a speed that then looking at it in perspective makes it look just perfectly square. Although to do that I had to also apply a length contraction. And of course there's a time dilation on the clock in that frame. But just because that clock changes doesn't mean the rest of the universe changes. And really the equivalence principle isn't always correct... Even in the classical situation if two boats are sitting in the water side by side not moving just bobbing up and down then the waves they're emitting are circular and yeah the water is a medium compared to space which isn't quite a medium but the waves from a photon are still in a spherical probability just like the waves in the water mathematically they're the same. But then if one boat takes off then the waves he's emitting are no longer concentric and they're skewed to one side and he has a wake behind his ship. He can't then go well I'm not moving it's the other guy that's moving and I don't have a wake it's the other guy that has a wake behind his ship. because the observation of what he's observing from the other boat's waves assume he can only see the other boat by its waves he'll see that it still concentric and it's still sitting still

[@ApteraEV2024]

Every KZbin Serious Commenter needs to make at least One Intro video about themselved🎉We are Important too❤ Sub Optional😅(for more, sharing more of our Crazy 🤪 little life..) 🙏

[@tshwetsodial5609]

First

[@gerulfdosinger9869]

I was sooo close. :....( Makes my eyes rain.

[@frasercain]

You did it!

[@cosmicwolf7101]

67th.... did I win?

[@frasercain]

67th prize is...

[@markreaume]

What is happening on the ceiling above Dr. Martens? Looks like a 3D printer.

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

At 38:59 Dr Martens moves his head to his right giving a decent view of the rig behind him. Looks to me like a boring light fixture. Lacks the drive belt or gears that a 3D printer head would need. My guess: a light fixture that provides some flexibility and preserves whatever that is on his ceiling.

[@GoCoyote]

It is a sound studio that has a ceiling designed to break up sound waves to prevent echoes.

[@WaldemarMartens]

It's my home recording studio. The stuff on the ceiling is acoustic treatment (diffusors).

[@oleran4569]

@@WaldemarMartens Thank you! Many of us would love a "studio" tour. Are the lights for aesthetics, or video production?

[@Yezpahr]

Still hoping every day that Fraser finds Odysee, then I can spend less time on KZbin.

[@frasercain]

You know I go on hiatus every July/August... right? You've got about 6 more weeks and then you'll have a whole summer to recover.

[@NoNameAtAll2]

what's odysee?

[@jasonburrow4551]

@@frasercain lol, he doesn’t want you to go on an odyssey, he wants you to post on odyssey. It’s more free speech oriented, for those of us who have or want to quit KZbin and all of its censorship shenanigans.

[@jasonburrow4551]

@@NoNameAtAll2 app for indie creators. More free speech oriented I believe.

[@Yezpahr]

@@NoNameAtAll2 A slightly flawed platform that in no way will ever match KZbin. But I'm starting to look around for other platforms because KZbin is slowly becoming a pain. The algorithm has gone haywire on my account at least, in more ways than I care to elaborate on.

[@willinwoods]

You shouldn't have called it 'ludicrous' cos now we'll demand a PLAID one. And a shrubbery. Sorry (not sohry).