Ukrainian Origins | A Genetic and Cultural History

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The Eurasian region north of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov has long been a crossroads of history, conquest, and migration. The Steppe nations that have formed on the doorstep to Central Asia have built their identities and cultures over millennia. This vast territory has been ruled by a multitude of peoples over the ages. It has always been a challenge to define Ukraine and its surrounding countries.
Modern Ukraine is the largest country located fully in Europe. Its current population is the result of millennia of different populations arriving from every corner of the world. And yet, in the world of genetic research, Ukraine remains woefully understudied. 97 Ukrainian individuals currently living in Ukraine comprise the genome study’s dataset. The specific genetic groups, or haplotypes, that these people possess can be traced back through history, across the Steppe, and back into Africa, from which all our ancestors emerged 60,000 years ago. These first modern humans perhaps displaced or replaced the Denisovan populations of pre-modern humans who lived in caves. Denisovan remains have been found in Central Asia, specifically in a Siberian cave called Denisova, that are over 110,000 years old.
Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Yamnya were the first speakers of Proto-Indo-European languages to arrive on the Steppe. Along with Hittite elements from Anatolia and Maykop from the Caucasus, these cultures forged the backbone of most modern languages spoken from India to Ireland, from Hindi to Persian to Gaelic to Latin. For a thousand years the speakers of Proto-Indo-European dwelled on the Steppe before charging outward, usually to the west and south, in a series of waves known as the Indo-European Expansion from c. 2000-1000 BCE.
Today, while ethnic Ukrainians comprise over 75% of the population of modern Ukraine, the genomes of many other ethnicities are present. The Russian genetic minority is approximately 20%, with a concentration in the southeast of the country, along with other smaller minority groups historically present in different parts of the country: Belarusians, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Gagauz, Hungarians, Jews, Moldovans, Poles, Romanians, Roma (Gypsies), and others.
The modern world is shaped by more than just a collection of ancestral peoples and events. Yet we can never escape our past. As genetics are used more and more to individualize medicine and discover the roots of our past migrations, it is imperative that we identify actual distinct populations whose genetics may respond differently to treatment than others. In the study Genome Diversity in Ukraine, the authors conclude that there are very specific genetic signatures that define the Ukrainian genome. As the authors state, “To our knowledge, this study provides the largest to-date survey of genetic variation in Ukraine, creating a public reference resource aiming to provide data for medical research in a large understudied population.”
This is the ancient history of the land of modern Ukraine. It is a tale of endless migration and conquest, of mixing cultures and ethnicities from every corner of the globe into a unique identity. These layers of history are the rich legacy of the peoples of the mighty rivers, endless Steppe, and Black Sea.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Hey all! Please forgive the seconds long technical issue at the beginning of the video. It only lasts due a few seconds and I hope that you will all enjoy it regardless.

[@RobinLynnGriffith]

It's okay we figured it out that's a great opening scene by the way

[@redwolfmedia1276]

It was fine till you got 3:00 minutes in talking about that old debunked theory of out of Africa bullshit! I could've watch then except you decide to show some light skinned version of supposed early Europeans. That's retarded,impossible and genetically disproven! Genetics actually show the opposite Caucasions actually have a separate beginning and the genetics show Sub-Saharan blacks do not share this until a later date. Hence proven we're separate origins and we went into Sub-Saharan and contributed our unique ancestral d.n.a into Sub-Saharan Africans! We've always been in N.Africa as well. Sun Saharans have never spread really at all and sure the hell not out of Africa!

[@sarfrazmh31]

Was it Censorship issues?

[@stanciuflorin5328]

There are no two peoples, Moldovan and Romanian! Ethnically they are the same people in two different states!

[@SamtheIrishexan]

Great video. And I think it is fantastic you are countering the propoganda that has come from the Kremlin. Its ignorant of all the history prior to Catherine the great it seems. I always found it ironic that Russia would claim Ukraine when they are the evolution of the soviets that destroyed the Russian empire.

[@Kurz-wu1vs]

Some illustrations of sarmatians are not of ancient Sarmatians but of polish aristocracy from XVII century and around that called itself sarmatians due to popular legend about their descent from ancient ones.

[@user-vu3cm5ct1n]

It was very popular in Polish aristocracy and Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossacks

[@carole4119]

Im Ukrainian. I'm 83 My grandparents came from ??And arrive to the USA My grandfather came through Canada as he was trying to evade the Russian army As they were being recruited In those days polish were not Suppose to marry a Ukrainian?? Although my father's brother Was polish..???Figure? My grandparents moved to The Cleveland area.which Was building into Ukrainian area. As I investigated each generation of my family Had the same boys and girls Names from birth. Katherine..Ann...Michael Etc. This is interesting thank uou

[@jampasurprenant1794]

It was awesome to learn about the history of Ukraine and the people of Ukraine , thank you for sharing the great history of Ukraine .

[@MINI-ME666]

ALL THIS IS FAKKE!!!!! why do yo show Russians a say that they are ukraniane? why you mix JEWS with khazars?

[@petrokrasnov2967]

Don’t believe this shit it’s all state department brainwashing it’s identity destruction it’s cultural destruction and it’s tradition destruction they’re conducting another bolshevik experiment on Ukrainians and they still haven’t figured it out

[@foxtrot4755]

What is the “greatness” of a story that only began in 1991? 😂

[@Nooraksi]

​@@foxtrot4755 shhhh, Ukraine is the oldest nation in history of humanity 🤪

[@kjellrogerjgensen60]

To many "new" quazihistoryans here, i stick to older and proven by DNA.😂😂😂

[@libertas5552]

Chronological correction. The Scythians arrived in the Steppes before the Sarmatians.

[@monaliza3334]

Ah it's just UkraNazi's propaganda. Where is Ukrainian kings and queens? They nation never exist before 1922. A lots of BS....

[@yanina.korolko]

Sarmatians were part of the wider Scythian cultures.... (wikipedia) They started migrating westward around the fourth and third centuries BC, coming to dominate the closely related Scythians by 200 BC.

[@ObjectiveEthics]

Thank you for making this informative video. Due to current world politics I have been looking for more information on this geographic area and you delivered! Your hard work is very much appreciated.

[@MINI-ME666]

ALL THIS IS FAKKE!!!!! why do yo show Russians a say that they are ukraniane? why you mix JEWS with khazars?

[@user-lo2rg8qh9l]

7 million were murdered in the UKR at the first year of WW2 so those now in there are mostly transplants .. Nazi Germans and those in the prisons? called the holodome ... stalin sent in soldiers to take all the food at start of winter then waited 2 months and sent soldiers back to demand all hidden foods of survivors. then waited 1 month to return and those still staggering they said they will get a bread for each body they dragged out of houses into the grave and there's photos of guys hauling dead bodies on their backs wearing robes barely clothed bodies on their back with breasts facing out. these videos were taken off dissappeared in 2020

[@karenhughes7185]

I’m Roma and it’s not very often we are mentioned….so I’m happy you did.

[@rebecavillanova7622]

Romas are important fort the history of Europe.

[@nannunbgd]

@@rebecavillanova7622 As a slaves?

[@sivaratnamasabaratnam8946]

@@nannunbgd Even once your ancestors were a slave to Atilla and Ottoman!

[@nannunbgd]

@@sivaratnamasabaratnam8946 Maybe yes,maybe not! And probable not. Wallachia whas vassals of ottomans,and vassals only pay taxes,and sometime with sword pay with blood,and ever,never under the huns or maghiars.

[@sivaratnamasabaratnam8946]

@@nannunbgd Many blonde women were pillaged till harem or bazaar by raiders!

[@HistoryandHeadlines]

On a personal note, my only living grandparent's family came from Lviv. My grandmother considers herself Ukrainian. So, it's interesting learning about this history.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thanks for tuning in Dr. Zar!

[@HistoryandHeadlines]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 You're welcome!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

@@HistoryandHeadlines I’ll be working on our episode soon. Going through quite a bit of transition at the moment and so things are a bit thrown off.

[@HistoryandHeadlines]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Looking forward to it!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

@@HistoryandHeadlines ya better be! I’ll be putting it on TikTok as well and thus making you even more famous! Haha.

[@goddessIv]

Very informative video, very well done! Thank you for the vast information.

[@derekmcmillian6557]

Well put together. Got a chance to see and learn about the History of that region as a whole. God bless

[@cynthiao.543]

Wow! Loved this video! Thank you.

[@lorriewatson7423]

Fascinating! Thank you!

[@honeybeechanger]

what a wonderful presentation! I absolutely loved absolutely loved this video!

[@chaunezkalk9822]

Well Ukraine has had many influences. Fighting has remained with all. Whether it’s the recognized Ukraine or the resistance. It’s about the East regions of Asia and the West. The Great Hoard had many attempts to conquer, but never have.

[@michaldelacruz5139]

Thank you for sharing 🙏

[@cshirmer8416]

Very interesting ! Thank you !🧐👍

[@trojanette8345]

Very nicely done, very informative, and very educationally stimulating for persons such as, myself who doesn't know that much about the slavic regions and people's of the world. Bravo, bravo.

[@MINI-ME666]

ALL THIS IS FAKKE!!!!! why do yo show Russians a say that they are ukraniane? why you mix JEWS with khazars?

[@matthewmotyl1881]

Excellent visuals! It was the primer to the missing piece in my study of ancestral lineage. When are you going to publish a book?

[@sebaestschn1]

A masterpiece of work. Congratulations.

[@Rani-nd6gv]

Great information ❤️ thank you very much

[@mishaknopkin2199]

Kind of interesting BS when some people trying to use genetics to justify the current events. There was no name of Ukraine till a couple of centuries ago, when the pro-Russian nationalists in Austro-Hungarian empire started to realize that they belong to Russian world (because Russian troops were marching to Paris in 1812-1815). Then it turned into a special case of Ukraine. And now things come to their origins. Russian regions of "Ukraine" returned to Mother Russia and more to come. 😁😁

[@19angela71]

Thank you so much for a such great overview of Ukrainian history. Ukraine is indeed the crossroads of Europe with so many invaders coming and going through. That defines the history of people living there and in many cases the history of Europe.

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

I grew up with Ukrainian neighbors in Montreal. Beautiful community here. 😊🇺🇦👍

[@a.miegow]

History? There is none before 1917. Ukraine arose from nationalism movements in the late 19th century.

[@victorotvertchenko2665]

Good review, except that this is overview of Russian people origin. "Ukraine" and "Ukrainian" people are just recent inventions couple hundred years ago. Before that all people in that area called themselves Russians.

[@victorotvertchenko2665]

Funny, how author carefully calls described people as "people of Rus", instead of calling them simply "Russians". But that is exactly how people living in that area called themselves - Russians. That times if anybody would dare to call Greate Prince of Kiev "Ukrainian Prince" instead of "Russian Prince" would be immediately executed, since that would mean "a Prince of Periphery".

[@OksanKa53]

​@@victorotvertchenko2665yeah, so-called nowadays russians are the burglars who stole ukrainian name, because Rus were only today's territory of Ukraine and Belarus particularly. The reason why your peter 1 had to rename Moscowia and moscowit's calling yourself "Rossia", in greek, because everyone then knew where the real Rus was. Spoiler alert! not in Moscowia.

[@user-nx5pg1vb1d]

Even in the days of the Trypil culture, cities on the territory of Ukraine had 10,000 inhabitants each. At the time when about 1 million people lived in Europe, these were megacities. So the Vikings came to ready-made cities. Before that, there was a small handful of them that assimilated after 2 generations. The first time a person sat on a horse was also on the territory of Ukraine, because it was here that the oldest horse skull with characteristic damage to the teeth was found. The oldest figurine of a wagon with wheels also comes from Ukraine. There was no Kievan Rus, this is a later invention of Russian pseudo-historians. There was simply Rus, which was located in Kyiv and its surroundings, everything else, incl. the European part of modern Russia - these were colonial conquered lands. You don't say that you created the British Empire together with the Inus, for example. The difference between Hindus and Finno-Ugric whites is that Hindus are more developed and civilized. And the Finno-Ugric people of that time only got out of the Stone Age thanks to the Ukrainian Ruthenians, that is, until that time, not a single metal object was found on that territory. Also, the ancient Ukrainians tried to Christianize them. But, as we can see, modern Russians have not yet mastered Christian morality.

[@foxtrot4755]

And Jesus and the Virgin Mary were Ukrainians and Ukrainians dug up the Black Sea and the Pacific Ocean 😂

[@nara808]

Don’t hate on the Finns, we took all the indo-European women in the north, and now Finland is one of the best places to live in the world.

[@user-nx5pg1vb1d]

There is such a division of history called archaeology. And this is one of the most accurate subdivisions of historical science.

[@foxtrot4755]

Damn, what kind of “ancient Ukrainians” are you talking about if the first ethnic Ukrainians appeared only in the 1860s? Until this time, there is not a single historical source where Ukrainians were mentioned.

[@BrandonBlomquist]

fantastic work

[@dmytrolehkobyt7380]

thank you for a great video

[@californianorma876]

I am so grateful! Last year a little after this video was made, I read the Historries by Herodotus. It's made me want to discover more about this part of the world. Fabulous video!

[@MINI-ME666]

ALL THIS IS FAKKE!!!!! why do yo show Russians a say that they are ukraniane? why you mix JEWS with khazars?

[@KaanSoloTraveler]

In Ukraine on lands lived many Turkish Tribes its like Kuman-Kıpchaks,Pechenegs,Uzes,Khazars,Avars,Itil Bulgars,The Huns… and many many like that. Respect from Turkey to Ukraine nation

[@wbarzinji9503]

Turkish lies from so called Turkey. Read history of the region realistically then post your comments. So called Turkey Still denies the Arminan genocide and denies the lands of Kurdistan.

[@KaanSoloTraveler]

@Hulagu Khan silly and ignorant comment 😀

[@KaanSoloTraveler]

@@wbarzinji9503 silly and ignorance comment nobody care your idea and comment hahaha😀

[@costeabogdan505]

@علي ياسر In 1740 it had a territorial rapt, the territory between the Bug and the Dnieper belonged to the Thracians (Romanians)!

[@costeabogdan505]

@علي ياسر The Iranians are black, seriously confused!

[@jeanettewaverly2590]

Excellent!

[@lukin4u265]

Excellent content.

[@robertkruchell2988]

Thank you well put together 😎

[@paulking54]

Wow, such a rich, complicated and fairly bloody history of Ukraine and its people. Had no idea that the genetics were so diverse but it figures due to their geographic location. Thanks.

[@jerryf609]

I think all of our histories are bloody. It is in our nature to fight over resources, religion and power.

[@simplicius11]

90% of this video has nothing to do with Ukraine. Ukraine is a 20th century construct.

[@victorotvertchenko2665]

The only thing, before 16th century population of that area never heard about "Ukraine" and called themselves "Russians". Ukraine in all Slavic languages has only one meaning- periphery. No people in the history called themselves "peripheral people". That is demeaning

[@paulking54]

Thankyou for sharing that. I'm still learning about this very diverse and historically rich area of the world.

[@simplicius11]

@@paulking54 You seem to be a nice guy, so I'll give you a similar example. There is a region in the Balkans called Krajina, that was also a construct between two empires, the Habsburg and the Ottoman empire. The region was ethnically Slavic so you can see the similarity (Ukraina = Kraina), the meaning is the same like Victor explained.

[@giuseppelogiurato5718]

Hey SAMA! I'm glad you're doing well and feeling better... Awesome video! 👍😘❤️🇺🇦

[@franol7]

Good job! My best regards!

[@SeniorLifePowerRebound]

Thank you for this very comprehensive information.

[@loosersguild]

Another excellent piece. I think im going to make multiple accounts and like the video because I love it so much.

[@mishaknopkin2199]

Kind of interesting BS when some people trying to use genetics to justify the current events. There was no name of Ukraine till a couple of centuries ago, when the pro-Russian nationalists in Austro-Hungarian empire started to realize that they belong to Russian world (because Russian troops were marching to Paris in 1812-1815). Then it turned into a special case of Ukraine. And now things come to their origins. Russian regions of "Ukraine" returned to Mother Russia and more to come. 😁😁 Hi from USA. People can migrate, like we Americans went to West. So Russian people of Novgorod, Kiev, Vladimir, Moscow went East.

[@thefisherking78]

I have long been fascinated by the development of culture and the movements of peoples throughout that region. Thank you for this piece!

[@MINI-ME666]

ALL THIS IS FAKKE!!!!! why do yo show Russians a say that they are ukraniane? why you mix JEWS with khazars?

[@aclearlight]

Great work!

[@acquanellaogbemudia9930]

Very informative Thanks

[@sandyismylizard]

as a hungarian-american iam loving these deep dives into eastern european lineages!!

[@samsungtv6287]

Learning your history from a Jew. Lololo

[@elisekrentzel27]

Me too. Hungarian Belarusian American me!

[@evaolah7621]

As a Hungarian-Australian really interesting this time and history

[@maxmurphy7306]

@@samsungtv6287 you nailed it, You deserve an Oscar.

[@maxmurphy7306]

I'm an Irish Yankee.

[@yanina.korolko]

Originating in the central parts of the Eurasian Steppe, the Sarmatians were part of the wider Scythian cultures. The Scytho-Siberian world was an archaeological horizon which flourished across the entire Eurasian Steppe during the Iron Age from approximately the 9th century BC to the 2nd century AD. It included the Scythian, Sauromatian and Sarmatian cultures of Eastern Europe, the Saka-Massagetae and Tasmola cultures of Central Asia, and the Aldy-Bel, Pazyryk and Tagar cultures of south Siberia. They started migrating westward around the fourth and third centuries BC, coming to dominate the closely related Scythians by 200 BC. At their greatest reported extent, around 100 BC, these tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian seas as well as the Caucasus to the south.

[@big1dog23]

Well done, as usual.

[@artemisjuno]

Fantastic history but I will have to watch it multiple times to absorb all the facts..

[@heberje]

Us humans are more similar than we are dissimilar

[@StephiSensei26]

Highly interesting study. Thank you for this peek into the history of these wonderful people. My own particular Hungarian / Czech lineage, helps give me some idea, as to the connections in the past, which I've inherited. Thank you.

[@MINI-ME666]

ALL THIS IS FAKKE!!!!! why do yo show Russians a say that they are ukraniane? why you mix JEWS with khazars?

[@rkidlat]

Wonderful work!

[@theresafedoriw5003]

Excellent! Very informative! Thank you so much!

[@atillahan330]

Persians, Turkic, Scandinavian and Slavic tribes combined and created modern day Ukranian culture. Huns, Scythians, Khasars, Cuman/Kipchaks and Finno Ugric tribes still live there. Ukraine is a precious corridor between West and East.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Farslarla ne ilgisi var yaw

[@teoteog3984]

Olbia, Chersonesos taurica, Tyras, Panticapaeum and more other ancient Turkish cities can be found in Ukraine my dear friend Attila 🤷‍♀️

[@mishaknopkin2199]

Kind of interesting BS when some people trying to use genetics to justify the current events. There was no name of Ukraine till a couple of centuries ago, when the pro-Russian nationalists in Austro-Hungarian empire started to realize that they belong to Russian world (because Russian troops were marching to Paris in 1812-1815). Then it turned into a special case of Ukraine. And now things come to their origins. Russian regions of "Ukraine" returned to Mother Russia and more to come. 😁😁

[@frederiquecouture3924]

AMAZONS

[@SxVaNm345]

East Iranians, not Persians.

[@laconically]

28:20 There was no Moscow in 1238 to burn, this Tatar town was founded circa 1272, under Mengu-Timur.

[@xhorxheetxeberria-td1hu]

Moscow was founded in 1147.

[@erikjohnson9223]

Lactase is an enzyme and digests. Lactose (milk sugar) is a carbohydrate and is the substrate digested by lactase. Baby mammals produce lactase to enable them to drink their mother's milk (lactose, in addition to being energy, also seems to help shuttle Calcium cations accross the gut, which may be why glucose isn't the milk sugar). Only those with lactase persistence can still digest lactose and therefore milk in adulthood, though microbes can sometimes take up the slack, and some fermented milk products avoid the (diarrhea) problems that intolerant individuals have with milk itself.

[@lilithsmith1290]

You are telling the History of European.and very technical, it goes over my head.

[@AndyT-np8mm]

I'm interested in the Principality of Halych. It's one of the predecessors of Ukraine, which is a 20th century phenomenon.

[@buddyrojek9417]

There is a town called Halych in Ukraine

[@lesyarozovyk6951]

Galychyna-Volyn principality existed from 1199 to 1349. At the head of the state were the princes of three dynasties - Rurikovych, Piast and Gedyminovych. Before the formation of a single state, the principalities of Galychyna and Volyn existed independently. Initially, the Galychyna principality was more powerful, which happened as a result of the skillful and intelligent policy of Prince Volodymyr and his son, Prince Yaroslav. He also took care of the Galychyna principality's diplomatic relations with other states. Unlike the Galychyna principality, Volyn state was initially represented by a large number of small principalities separated from each other. Only Prince Roman Mstyslavovych managed to unite the disparate principalities into a single Volyn, and it was on his initiative that Galychyna joined the Volyn principality. This is how the powerful Galychyna-Volyn state was formed. In 1239, Danylo Romanovych annexed the lands of Kyiv to the Galychyna-Volyn state. And after the attack of the Mongol-Tatars, he was forced to pay tribute to them. At the same time, it gave him peace and confidence that the Golden Horde would not raid the lands of his state. However, Danylo Halytsky was not going to obey the Mongol-Tatars and did the following: concluded an agreement with the king of Hungary; agreed with the Pope about a crusade against the Mongol-Tatars; built new cities (Lviv and Kholm were formed during this period); organized troops; made fortifications of old cities. Prince Yuriy II Boleslav became the last prince of the Galychyna-Volyn state. The Lithuanian Lyubart, the son-in-law of the predecessor, entered the throne of the Galychyna-Volyn state. Thus, the Principality of Galychyna-Volyn ceased to exist and became part of the Principality of Lithuania. After that, the Polish king Casimir the Great started a fight for these lands. In 1349, Casimir the Great seized parts of Galychyna and annex these lands to Poland. In the 1340s, the so-called Lithuanian-Polish period in history began, when most of the lands of Rus were united by the Lithuanian dynasty into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Zhemaitia, but Galychyna and western part of Volyn became part of Poland.

[@AndyT-np8mm]

@@lesyarozovyk6951 Thank you very much!!!!

[@lesyarozovyk6951]

@@AndyT-np8mm You are welcome. More information in the site Інститут історії Національної академії наук України (Institute of history of Ukraine) but it is in Ukrainian language. So, to find more, you can put in the search bar Галицько-Волинське князівство, Галицько-Волинська держава, Київська Русь, Давньоруська держава, Роман Мстиславович, Данило Галицький.

[@calenbarnes9597]

I find it somewhat hard to find books that have good coverage of prehistoric ukraine and central asia. Can you provide some sources where I could look into it more?

[@brucebullock6432]

Check out the latest video put up by anthropologist Robert Sepher only a few hours ago.

[@plopdoo339]

Tocharian. Yamnaya. Tatarian. Some of the few to look out for.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

@@brucebullock6432 I’d be wary of the references that Robert provides - always ensure they are mainstream.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Good question! I’ll look around and see what I can find, I know Cambridge did a history set on Central Asia as well.

[@sunnyboy4553]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Mainstream?? You mean the official narratives>>> Those sanctioned at this specific time and place and await future revision????

[@dori25t]

Very interesting 👍

[@gidemnas]

BTW Huns were not turkic people. The same way we can call them Iranian people. Do not make creepy statements just to promote some of your ancestors. Wikipedia says : The origins of the Huns and their links to other steppe people remain uncertain: scholars generally agree that they originated in Central Asia but disagree on the specifics of their origins. At the time of Huns turkic ancestors were on the banks of river of Yenisey in Far East Siberia.

[@aftabnaveed]

Welcome back!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thanks friend! Happy to be back!

[@genat2787]

It was a first brave attempt to write a REAL history of Ukraine as a proto- Europeans in many aspects. Naturally , this work was done not perfectly and contains many mistakes . If it was presented in Ukrainian I would find long list of such mistakes. The first obvious mistake is research for `russian` DNK as russian nation .First time today`s `russia` named itself with this word was at the beginning of 18th century ! That territory spoke on different languages , quite often not understanding each other ! ON maps it was named as Tartaria ,Moskovia etc. , but NEVER as Russia ! Word `russian ` didnt exist ! This ` nation` till now doesn`t have it`s own territory as the ethnos `russian` doesnt exist ! This is not an ethnic termin , but politic ! This `tric` was invented by Western historics ! Peter 1 hired them to write fake history as a new European empire history , which did not really exist ! That is why they had `stollen` name of Rus ( It is antic name of todays Ukraine) and `privatized` Ukrainian history together with the name of the Ukrainian country! Who`s DNK were you looking for ? Average russian have very little Slavic gens ! His DNK formed mostly from finno-ugr , turkish , Mongolian , northern Siberians peoples genome ! Exposure of this mystification became one of the reasons to start new russian zar actual EXISTENCIAL war against Ukraine ! Do you understand now the price of such s big mistake in one word ? Putler doesn`t even hide his dream to eliminate Ukrainian people ! He claims it ! In his opinion only one russian people will survive ! OUR war is for that wrong word used in 300-year old political decision and this research too ! We don`t know yet quantity of killed Ukrainians , but we have already about 10 MILLIONS of emigrants from Ukraine ! What all our cities and villages look like all world already saw . Most of them COMPLEATLY depopulated and destroyed ! This is price for one fake word 300 years ago ! That is why I protest against such ` mistakes ` of Western historics before and nowadays ! Look who you hire and quote ! People , be watchful ! New ruscism wants your blood ,not only Ukrainian ! listen carefully what new moskovian furer already claimed in Europe in his Munich speech ! Most people appreciated visual presentation of this science-like video , but for me more important what ideas it promotes. In my opinion If author was not well informed and made has mistake not for a purpose video must be reconsidered and remastered I would recommend to author present his next video first to auditory of country he is talking about . I am obsoletely sure Ukrainian historscs know much more about their own country then foreigners . And yes , you must make it first in national language , and after discussion in Ukraine - in any other . This way you avoid many mistakes and get much more not only mass `likes` but respect and appreciation worldwide !

[@_WitcH_888]

Please, don't confuse rus with russian, rus means belonging to Kyiv Rus (Ruthenia). And yes, coz moscovians stole thus name now they called similar.

[@genat2787]

@@_WitcH_888 I dsdn't confuse rus with russian, and yes , Rus has the only meaning of one of the antic names of the Ukrainian state with capital in Kyiv . ``Kiev Rus`` - one of the moscovian ideological ``invents`` to conpromise word Rus ! This invet aimed on manipulation and replacing the only meaning with multiple ruses ! Rus is the only state and the only capital was in Kyiv ! ANY other Rus didn`t exist !

[@_WitcH_888]

@@genat2787 I completely agree with you and thanks from my heart for open true history to other people in the world. I don't know why but sure you are also Ukrainian as I am ❤️

[@FiercePretzel]

Constantinople was main trade partner of Kyivan Rus at St. Peter Basilica , Vatican, Italy at Chapel is to the right of the main altar of the Basilica you can find "Saint" Vladimir or Wladimir the "Great" and Trident. He is holding a staff with a cross (an emblem denoting he converted Ukrainians to Byzantium Christian Orthodoxy). Also depicted is the St. Sophia cathedral standing in Kyiv or Kiev (Vladimir's mother was called so and convinced him to introduce Christianity)

[@mirorodo5531]

Ukrainians ? You mean Russians.. because in "Ουκρανοί" ( Ukrainians) are not mentioned anywhere in Byzantine documents.. but there are some guys called "Ρώσοι".. try to translate "Ρώσοι" in you language

[@draapulus]

Great video!

[@numenoreaneternity6682]

Historically, genetically and archaeologically, the Ukrainians are of Slavic origin, the territory of Ukraine was swarmed by Early Slavic material cultures, the Kiev, the Penkovka, the Kolochin, and even the Prague-Korchak cultures, the first Slavic state to emerge in recorded history was the Kingdom of the Antes, situated primarily in what is today's Ukraine. The Antes were an Early East Slavic nation.

[@mirekbende2571]

LIAR ! IT WAS WRITTEN "OUKRAINA" LIKE OUKRAINA OF URAL, OUKRAINA OF POMORSK ETC.... ITS REALLY ONLY BORDERLAND, OF RUSSIAN PEOPLE AND EMPIRE ...ALL KINGS ARE WRITTN LIKE RUSSIAN KING, AND YOU CAN SEE IT AT THE WALLS OF KIEV BIGGEST CHURCH "LAVRA"..1O TH CENTURY. NOWHERE YOU CAN FIND THIS FAKE COUNTRY UKRAINA ))) RUSSIAN KINGS CAME TO KIEV FROM NORT CITY NOVGOROD, KIEV WAS KHAZARIAN FORTRESS"KOUIAVA" )))

[@zbigniewhaczek5575]

Demic vs. cultural diffusion and patrilineal Megalithic societies Lord Colin Renfrew | Marija Redivia: DNA and Indo-European Origins

[@mrbaab5932]

@Cicero Thanks for giving me my best laugh of the week.

[@EasternOrthodox101]

It has nothing to do with "Ukraine" which is not a real nation, westerners. It is the story of Russia - the nation of ALL the Rus which includes Belarus and Ukraine! We are not talking about Slavic origins because the Poles, Czechs and Slovaks are also Slavic relatives, but were not a part of the RUS

[@zbigniewhaczek5575]

@@EasternOrthodox101 Czechs 41% Haplogroup H, Poles 15% Haplogroup H. purely Polish H4a 12%. What this means, H group lived in Europe around 13,500 - 15,000 years ago. All R group lived in Europe only 12,000 years ago. Chechs. Slovaks and Poles are the same mixture of people. Rus Ukrainian are distantly related people. That's why 70% Poles does not poses old heritage more than 2,000 years. To figure that out from genetics and archaeology, one needs to study both. Demic vs. cultural diffusion and patrilineal Megalithic societies

[@outlawsbigjsulit920]

new friend here keep safe Ukrainian 😘😘😘😘

[@apihemata]

Wow you go back 100,000 years! What a history!!!

[@TyrSkyFatherOfTheGods]

Thanks for this timely contribution! Love your channel.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thanks for watching!

[@Samuray1955]

Denisov cave's original, before the XVIII century native name is Ayu dash (Bear's stone) cave in Turkic languages.

[@MrZenGuitarist]

Nice work! Very interesting and informative. Especially for someone like me - who doesn't, or at least didn't know very much about the different Slavic peoples, especially in the eastern region of Europe. Perhaps a little too in-depth when it came to the different specific genetic markers, and could perhaps have covered a bit more in-depth when it comes to the different cultural components and various Greek and Roman chronicles for ex. But, as said in this video - the fact that the Ukrainians in particular and the many different 'steppe-peoples' are understudied might very well have played a big part in that lack...hard to 'present' anything that isn't definitively known. But overall a very interesting video! Good job - and greetings from Sweden.

[@kathryncarter6143]

So much history I've never heard before. Thanks so much. Starting at the ice age was really cool too.

[@susanburger3673]

Very nice documentary.thanks for the glimpse. The art illustrations are memorable and beautiful to look at.

[@ColleenJousma]

Very interesting. Thanks for doing this video. Slava Ukraini.

[@woefulfisher]

Nazi sympathyzer ⬆️⬆️⬆️ Btw, this video told about Neanderthals, Scythians, Khazars and Russes, but not a single word about UKRAINIANS))) Bc they are as a nation were created in 1917.

[@mishaknopkin2199]

Kind of interesting BS when some people trying to use genetics to justify the current events. There was no name of Ukraine till a couple of centuries ago, when the pro-Russian nationalists in Austro-Hungarian empire started to realize that they belong to Russian world (because Russian troops were marching to Paris in 1812-1815). Then it turned into a special case of Ukraine. And now things come to their origins. Russian regions of "Ukraine" returned to Mother Russia and more to come. 😁😁 Hi from USA.

[@friedrichszymanski7888]

@@mishaknopkin2199 какой usa, миша?))

[@lorimav]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/nZW6gXStds-Ge9U

[@catnap387]

@@mishaknopkin2199 Ukrainians know who they are and don't need you or that evil elf in the kremlin to tell them who they are!!!

[@FuckGoogle2]

What's the reason for the loss of sound from 0:13 to 0:33?

[@free-birdrocker8809]

God bless Ukraine and all of the suffering people!

[@rajanajovovic6184]

Freedom Afrika ,soth Amerika, Serbs Kosovo and all world of the Nato ocupated

[@thefisherking78]

@@rajanajovovic6184 shut uppppp

[@monikam9069]

@@thefisherking78 Everyone in Eastern Europe knows what Ukraine is to Americans. Second most influential man after ihor kolomoisky( Jew who has been financing the Ukrainian NAzis???) is G.Soros- the EVIL

[@ozzornick]

And ukrainian killed in Donezk and Lugansk by ukrainian army and nazis

[@viktorias63]

@@ozzornick vatnik how are you coming the loss now?

[@kellybenschram4640]

Would love to see a video covering country's covering the change in ecah continents over the last three millinion would be awesome

[@richardjimenez7394]

Thanks for the historical information and it’s amazing history.

[@nulukhud]

its interesting but i'd appreciate more source links, for maps (even for pictures) would be great

[@ratghost25]

Fascinating, but complicated to say the least.

[@pinkgarage]

one of the better documentaries out there about Ukraine and the origins of the people. A lot of info to digest in a short span of time, and, and you went way back- to before the ice age! moLodeTse! One thing viewers should keep in mind is that NATIONALISM is a recent invention, as tribes during those thousands of years were not educated, and people are aligned along loose linguistic lines, following oral traditions, empHasis on ORAL. Once the prinTing press came along, a recent pHenom, and soon thereafter the speed of knowledge, ideas, and boundaries changed drastically, and now we have Nations and Nationalism, in all it's ugly glory, and war. But PuTin's buddy Dugin should see this......

[@chrisulan275]

I decided that the documentary is in the imagination of the producer. Very confusing. The English language used is not based on recent knowledge and history. If a historian does not know the meaning Rus' (Русь) he thus uses it incorrectly. Ukrainian history Ukrainian and Eastern Europe's history has been very well known for more than a century but this documentary seems to ignore what we know of recent history. You can't précis 20,000 years of history into 30 minutes and believe you have it right.

[@pinkgarage]

@@chrisulan275 I decided that perHaps you meanT your criTicism for generaL viewer Comments, because you obViousLy ignoRed my criTicism of NaTionaLism- a mosT recenT inVenTion. Rus' (Русь) = old norse for "men who row" ...meH.. means 💩 today, considering eDucaTed modern hisTorians can go back 300,000 years, especiaLLy since mapping of the human genome was finished in 2018 and couple years laTer, ancienT human DNA. ComBined wiTh the fossil record and mapping of Language Groups, and then overLay the GeOLOGiCaL Record anD- THuS, the Historians of today have an extremLy differenT view of hisTory comPared to the one spiT ouT by insTiTuTionaLised sLave lords and their propaganda macHine, and furTHermore, Rus' (Русь) = these days means💩 especiaLLy because of FearLess leaDer poosTain 💩, leave your sKiDmarK beLow....

[@xhorxheetxeberria-td1hu]

About the Rus. The Russians who later called themselves Ukrainians literally the border people.

[@maureenhannivan8043]

Wow this is a lot to take in!

[@hannibalbarca4372]

3:00 : Reconstruction of individuals (Girl and Boy) from Sunghir burial from Vladimir (200 km from Moskow), they lived during the paleolithic 45000 years ago.

[@nigelhaywood9753]

Obviously the opening music was censored. This has enriched us all and will drive many of us to go out and buy the music (except we have no idea what it was). Yes, I'm being ironic.

[@lj9524]

Very educational and enlightening. Thank you!

[@gidemnas]

The funny thing is. Then they spoke about Sarmatians the picture presented on 16:16 was the picture of Polish Armenian Merchant from 1709. I thought if they present some photos of Armenians to represent as Sarmats 😂😂😂😂 and on 16:32 there is presented the group of Armenian singers wearing national Armenian dresses represented Armenia in Eurovision 2015. The name of the group is "Genealogy". Yes you can speak hours about Yamnaya people and Indo Europeans and origin of Ukrainians how much they differ from their blood bothers Russians and illustrate that with nice pictures of Armenians.

[@lba6859]

In this irony though the archaeological truth is- yamnaya originated from the maikop culture whereas the maikop culture originated from the Bronze Age Kura-Arax culture. Bronze Age Armenia is indeed in th rught context.

[@gidemnas]

@@lba6859 And WHY?! they did not mention this reference of Yemnaya originated from Kuro Araxian that means Bronze age Civilization of Armenian Highland. That means that people had genetic connection to people the who lived in the Armenian Highland and Armenians are now are the direct descendents of the Kuro Araxes people as ingenious population if the region. (Antroplogicaly and genetically proved) Because if we say A we have to say B. They have direct connection with nowdays Armenians. So that B is also in contradiction with "turkification" of Iranian nomads Sarmatians and Skithians and other nonturkic people who directly participated in creation of many tribes there who became after the core of many Eastern European Nations.

[@keithallen5795]

The metal artifacts are incredible! And early.It had to be work to make a single coin.

[@laconically]

28:45 Mongols never occupied Rus on 1240, just raided the country on their way to Hungary. They also never captured the capital of Rus, since king Danilo prudently moved his throne westward to Xolmъ right in 1223.

[@HypnoticSuggestion]

Outstanding video, thanks for sharing.

[@josephfisher6745]

Amazing to hear the link to the Irish language Go raibh maith agat.

[@thelukkman1]

@9:50 .. the facial attributes look like the great hockey player, Wayne Gretsky (Polish heritage)

[@imperija01]

from what i can tell based on 40 years of archaeological and history studies -england has the most experience structure of facilities and people for creating stories and later declaring them as real history. One example is greece ! they have created a country, they installed a english king they develop political system they created greek history so big and so old that goes back more then 3000 years BC ! from which the entire world is fascinated by the incredible fairy tales and stories that nowadays become real written books even installed in the world wide education systems !

[@caprarescuserban4677]

Thank you for the documentary! One comment from minute 14:35: The Scythians were of Iranian origin; they spoke a language which was a branch of the Iranian languages, and practiced a variant of ancient Iranian religion. Among the earliest peoples to master mounted warfare, the Scythians replaced the Cimmerians. The Sarmatians invading Scythians from the East are a Iranian confederation so relatives of Scythians. As far as I remember the Scythians remains are in today's Georgia and Saaka was a name of Scythian tribes.

[@samolevski1119]

Slight away from the topic of Ukraine, Scythians travelled as far as Scotland according to one famous document The Declaration Of Arbroath. When I look at faces of some people in Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia (Western), they would not look out of place here in Scotland, so who knows exactly what happened many years ago.

[@mr.purple1779]

@@samolevski1119 This decloration is medieval garbage.

[@samolevski1119]

@@mr.purple1779 Is it scientifically proven to be garbage, or merely your opinion ?

[@mr.purple1779]

@@samolevski1119 It was the Scythian homeland. 11:49 In Siberia or between. Name at least one reason that the nomadic tribe would be more than 6000 thousand km away, in a hole called Great Britain? This is medieval garbage, at a time when European nobles declared famous ancestors for themselves and nothing else. The Poles and others did the same.

[@caprarescuserban4677]

@@mr.purple1779 I do not want to interfere, but to the North-West of Romania, the border with Ukraine there were also Celts, that part being called Galicia their influence can be seen on the Maramures folklore were people dance standing straight much like the Irish dancers, and who knows? Maybe they mixed with Sarmatians, Celts being red-hair blue eyes.

[@kaloarepo288]

I do know that the Swedish Vikings had a formative influence in the creation of polities in the Ukraine region -these people used the Russian and Ukrainian rivers to make their way to the great city of Constantinople capital of the eastern Roman or Byzantine empire and in the process founded such cities as Kiev and many others ruling over a Slavic substrate.They were responsible for Ukraine/Russia converting to Orthodox Christianity and the names of the rulers like Waldemar and Olga betray Scandinavian origins.Often these people known as Varangians constituted the guards for the Byzantine emperors.One of the Kievan princesses (Anna) married the king of France and many others married into Hungarian and other European royal dynasties.

[@ivan162]

You must watch a new movie The Northman (2022) about the ancient culture of the Vikings and their invasion of Ukraine (in movie it is called the Slavic lands of Rus)

[@flutistnotflautist4740]

I show genetic links to Swedish Viking, Kievan Rus, Avar, Scythian burial sites. This makes sense.

[@alexs7671]

Some evidence points to Variagi not being Swedish, but northern tribe of Rus, with strong Scandy ties.

[@michelemcneill3652]

Fascinating

[@joegalen9264]

why would you put this out with audio problems

[@cosmiceye9357]

I’m of Ukrainian origin. I didn’t know my culture was so old and diverse.

[@jackiemack8653]

Shame shame! Always loved my Ukrainian origins. My grandparents were Ukrainian. Had much fun celebrating Easter Ukrainian style yet in high school people would say " oh you are Russian" I would say " No it is not Russian! My cousin recently was saying that. Now she has learned!

[@pirshinstudio2117]

It is not. It is a myth invented not long ago. People like to believe in those. Makes them feel mor important.

[@mykolaj1110]

Something important to know, for all who are interested in history and/or support Ukraine: Rus’ ought not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine, which is a horrible injustice!

[@viktorias63]

@@pirshinstudio2117 cope vatnik

[@nikosrakos957]

@@pirshinstudio2117 well, actually people can't judge the culture of someone, because everyone has a an ancient culture such Greeks for example. Our origin comes partly from Trziniec and komarov cultures, due to archaeological, genetics and linguistic analysis.

[@wardafournello]

Greek colonization 7th and 6th century BC. Colonies on Tauric Chersonese, and Tauris were names by which the Crimean Peninsula was known in classical antiquity. Panticapaeum (Ancient Greek: Παντικάπαιον),in the present-day city of Kerch. Theodosia (Ancient Greek: Θεοδοσία), present day Feodosia. Kimmerikon (Ancient Greek: Κιμμερικόν). Tyritake (Ancient Greek: Τυριτάκη). Myrmēkion (Ancient Greek: Μυρμήκιον). Nymphaion (Ancient Greek: Νύμφαιον). Chersonesos (Ancient Greek: Χερσόνησος ) in southwestern Crimea (outside modern Sevastopol). Kerkinitida (Ancient Greek: Κερκινίτις )near present-day Yevpatoria. Psoa (Ancient Greek:Ψοας) Neapolis (Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις) near Symferopol Kalos Limen (Ancient Greek:Καλός Λιμήν) Chornomorska. Eupatoria (Ancient Greek: Ευπατορία) ........................................................................................ Colonies on the Ukrainian coast: Olbia (Ancient Greek: Ολβια) , Yuzhne Odessa (Ancient Greek: Οδησσός). Tyras (Ancient Greek: Τύρας. Nikonion (Ancient Greek:Νικόνιον.

[@jamessarsgard1342]

Great, informative video! I am, however, a little disappointed that the Cucuteni-trypillian culture only gets a quick reference. They were certainly a big part of the Neolithic of Western Ukraine. Do you have any insight into what, if any, genetic footprint they may have left?

[@Svarog187]

Cucuteni-trypillian was mostly Haplogroup G wich is rare in todays Ukrainians. Haplogroup I2a wich is the second most dominant in todays Ukrainians is mostly found in EpiGravettian, Vinca, Vucedol, Starcevo in the Pannonian Basin. So Ukrainians are very close to South Slavs.

[@alexandrinastubbs4439]

Have a more complete opinion after you read Levashov's and Formenco's study regarding this subject. Actually the video is scrambling all that history.

[@laconically]

22:35 Proto-Slovenic (Ukrainian) language evidently existed and was widely spread across Central and Eastern Europe on 448 AD, over a century before the Avar invasion, so the very idea of this border-guards-lingua-franca is completely nonsensical and ridiculously unsubstantiated.

[@Andrei-ev7du]

What proto slovenic, you want to say proto slavic, why you invent new words? 😂😂😂, slavic peoples are not a old grup, they were formed between the mix of 2 cultures the balts and sarmatians, balts lived in north Ukraine(learn about Kolochin culture ,a balto slav culture) and sarmatians in south, these cultures influenced each other and formed slavs, look at slavic languages sound like a mix of baltic and sarmatian(iranic)with litle germanic influence, aslo north ukrainians look like baltic peoples(light haired ,light eyed,tall) southern look like south europeans ( dark features, medium height )slavic genes aslo not exist, R1a have many subclades and north ukrainians,balts,finnic peoples,belarussians and south russians have balto finnic subclade of R1a who is very high aslo in estonians,balts,karelians,mordvins etc and aslo N1 balto finnic who is high in baltic and finnic peoples but aslo belarussians and north ukrainians have a high percent but not so high like in finnic o baltic peoples, haplogrups have many subclades like R1b have celtic subclade,iberic, germanic and african(Camerun peoples are black peoples and have very high percent of R1b but have nonthing to do genetically similarity with european peoples like germans o irish, R1a is aslo high in central Asia and aslo in dravidians but the subclade is diferent , N1 is aslo high in samoyeds but they are total diferent from finns for example, I2 of balkan peoples is total diferent from I2 of sardinians etc slavs are just like latin peoples, diferent culture,mentality and genes

[@Andrei-ev7du]

Balts lived from north Latvia to north Ukraine before slavs were formed

[@irinamat4175]

Ukrainian people finally formed as a nation in 1596. Before that they were just Slavs like Belarusians, Russians, Poles, Checks, Bulgarians, Serbs etc...

[@NameUserOf]

Ukraine as a country name was first mentioned atleast in 1187.

[@irinamat4175]

@@NameUserOf Where? The first mention of Ukrainians in the Document - the Revolt of Severin Nalivaiko in 1596. I am a Historian. Can you provide me with the Document you talking about?

[@viktorias63]

@@irinamat4175 he's referring to Rutherians So Irina? whats your history specialty? Especially in Ukraine.

[@irinamat4175]

@@viktorias631): Ukraine as any other Country is a part of World History, not a separate caste. 2):History is a Science based on facts. We can talk anything but it must be supported by facts. As a Historian I can give you a lecture, but this is not a place for it

[@viktorias63]

@@irinamat4175 sure, you didn't answer my question though. people have specialty in history, parts of history. For example, Timothy Snider has a very good knowledge about eastern European history ,because that's his area of study. So what is your areas of study? because world history is way way too general.

[@yvonnegougelet1204]

The first 30 seconds was muted. Was that you or youtube censoring?

[@louiscervantez1639]

For me a great compilation of a lot of vids and articles I have come across - thanks

[@drewbond4992]

Could you do Poland next?

[@JuliaFF562]

polish histroy is fake propaganda of imperialism

[@keenanweind1780]

Interesting presentation. I was under the impression that Kievan Russ persisted until the Mongolian invasions. Here, you make the case that the entity dissolved much earlier (I believe you said in either the 9th, or 10th century).

[@matthelme4967]

It was destroyed by the Mongols in 1240.

[@matthelme4967]

@CipiRipi00 Date dissolved 1240, take it up with historians.

[@matthelme4967]

@CipiRipi00 Yes,my point was it ended in 1240

[@keenanweind1780]

I believe that the death knell had something to do with the last Great Prince of Kiev refusing to travel east to have his authority approved by the Great Khan. By that time, the title of Great Prince was little more than that, a title, with much of the power/authority having been diminished, and carved away by competing ethno-factions (e.g. Bulgars, and Slavs).

[@myroslavajacklitsch6039]

@CipiRipi00 ,Considering the fast approaching end of political entity 'Russian Federation' one would think that russian tax payers moneys would be better spent at, say, launching a production of toilet paper (for upkeep of russian buts) rather than continuing maintaining a staff of media trolls force-feeding the world with the Kremlin's version of the 'History of Ukraine',( with Kremlin being the source of state propaganda rather than that of Truth). ..

[@andrewliberman7694]

Thanks!

[@felipemillomeda]

Where did you get the one hundred thousand years ago please specify..thanks

[@felipemillomeda]

See my chart of generation table please

[@bruceli9094]

Fun fact: Ukraine is older than Russia.

[@anneslot7013]

How?

[@alexs7671]

According to what measure or set of parameters?

[@scyphe]

@@anneslot7013Ukraine is ~400 years older than Russia.

[@anneslot7013]

@@scyphe again how?

[@mirorodo5531]

No one knows why and how .. they want you to believe it.. so just say "ok"