Q&A 171: Could James Webb Detect Type 2 or 3 Civilizations? And More...

[@DavidzSimon]

For a long time, the Earth has been watched and studied-the advent of humanity has been watched and studied, humanity’s technological process and progress have been watched and studied, awaiting the time when the Intervention would be attempted. Life in the Universe: Your Relationship with the Greater Community

[@keithinadhd6693]

There are no space brothers waiting to rescue us. That is dangerous thinking. We are out here alone. We gotta deal with it on our own.

[@tjp353]

Wishful thinking and misplaced optimism. Don't assume an advanced alien race would feel the same empathy towards primitive species as we do (sometimes). We'd be, at best, apes in an Earth-sized zoo. Worst case, we'd be in their way - occupiers of a planet that could be exploited as they expand through the galaxy.

[@johnharvey5412]

@@tjp353 I don't think any of Earth's resources would be valuable to them, except what would be ruined by any attempts to conquer it, ie life, biochemistry, culture, history. That's all stuff we'd gladly share in the spirit of scientific collaboration.

[@julieann1975]

@@johnharvey5412 if I may,, Would you share your body? You are Spirit living in a physical vessel. #cloning #dna #plasma #biologicalresources #theylooklikeyouandme #discernmentiskey #whatsinyourbody #eyes2see

[@alwalw9237]

@@keithinadhd6693 I wish we were alone, but alas not. They are here. They want the planet and they want us for biological resources. I agree wholeheartedly though we must fix this ourselves.....but quick.

[@fnersch3367]

Fraser is truly a genius, he converts moronic questions in to a learning experience. Kudos. Keep up the good work.

[@natmol1595]

Here is a clue for you. If i ask him for scientific evidence of 'whatever' say gravity and he cannot provide it although he sounds great responding...that does not make the response valid or scientific

[@oberonpanopticon]

@@natmol1595evidence of gravity: - you are not floating away into space

[@joetaska]

Hey Frasier! No question. Just wanted to say thank you for putting out so much great video! I try to catch everything you put out there and I know that I'm not the only one who appreciates your efforts! Also, so glad you got rid of the green screen! The backyard is looking great!

[@Gladelin]

Love the show as always!

[@timrobinson513]

There’s no point in thickening Mars’ atmosphere. Realistically it will take thousands of years to become useful, which means we’d have been there for all that time without needing it. Terraforming on a small scale such as in craters and Canyons is the easiest and most useful option.

[@richmigala2539]

What if in addition to humanity developing terra forming technologies, suppose we also develop life extension technologies. If Martians live for thousands of years would that make it worth thickening Mars' atmosphere?

[@timrobinson513]

@@richmigala2539 perhaps yea. But that's still quite a long way off and we also need to think about who'd pay for it. No individual company or country would do it so we'd have to have a unified approach. That to me is the biggest hurdle.

[@philipbealluncensored9587]

You are dreamin. Between polar caps and solar wind farts will blow away! Could be a quest, or a launch platform and weigh station, maybe the asteroid belt could hold a telescope array and mars will be important in building our first anchored telescopes. So we can discover long recorded solar weather coincides with super nova explosions long before the light arrives. Just in time...

[@philipbealluncensored9587]

@@richmigala2539 like integration?

[@philipbealluncensored9587]

@@timrobinson513 comm'on man...

[@tauceti8060]

Thanks for answering Fraser.

[@patrickbryan]

Love your show, thanks!

[@johndoeofficial4357]

Would a gravity waves telescope "see" further then the JB telescope?

[@frasercain]

Yes, they could see about 300,000 years earlier into the Universe.

[@NancyLebovitz]

What would 10 Hubbles be able to do? Would 10 Hubbles be combined to make a longer baseline for parallax? Are there design aspects of James Webb which can be used for other telescopes?

[@rhoddryice5412]

I think Fraiser answered this not long ago or maybe he brought it up in an interview. And if I recall the answer correctly it’s because visible light has to short wave length and it would be almost impossible to line up the data. EHT works at about 1mm wave length and it took years for one picture. And visible light is 400-700 nm. Well maybe with much better computers and hardware it will be possible in the future.

[@Raz.C]

Thanks, Fraser, for your answer about entanglement. A lot of people don't get it, or they misunderstand it and start sticking Woo onto it. I'm glad that you always offer a Woo-free and misunderstanding-free response.

[@thedevereauxbunch]

I wonder if our Type 1, Type 2 etc definitions are reasonable expectations. What’s to say they need that much energy or even energy from those sources? I wonder if it would be the equivalent of centuries ago saying an advanced civilisation can be judged by whether or not they’re using all the available horses

[@johnharvey5412]

If they learned to harvest vacuum energy for example, that might be harder to detect, but I suspect they'd still be giving off a lot of infrared unless they've debunked thermodynamics.

[@samuelec]

If they have mastered fusion using any material they could convert any chunk of matter in their way and it would be undetectable and more efficient than harvest energy from their star

[@johnharvey5412]

@@samuelec how would that be undetectable? Wouldn't that give off tremendous amounts of heat, just like a star?

[@samuelec]

@@johnharvey5412 well, if done efficiently, then each reactor would not need to radiate anything outside

[@johnharvey5412]

@@samuelec like I said, "unless they've debunked thermodynamics" 🤷

[@jannovotny8917]

Is there some unbreakable natural law that would prevent type I, II, III civilization to capture and use also infrared part of spectrum? I mean they already have this amazing technology to build Dyson swarm...

[@alphanaut14]

No, and this kind of annoys me about assumptions made about emissions from Type II and Type III civilizations. We have the technology at our Type 0.2 fingertips to extract usable energy from temperature gradients down to 0° C and possibly as low as 4 Kelvin experimentally. Any civilization attempting to extract all the energy of their star would not stop at only visible light. They would be nearly indistinguishable from background emissions. The assumption that they would emit infrared light at 300 Kelvin is not well thought out.

[@frasercain]

They could try to harvest the infrared energy, but eventually they'd have to let it escape. Otherwise you just melt your tech with heat. Unless the laws of thermodynamics aren't real.

[@maxkho00]

@@alphanaut14 We're a Type 0.73 civilisation, not Type 0.2. Lol. Type 0.2 are cavemen (I did the math on that ─ early modern humans around 150,000 B.C. work out at Type 0.206).

[@alphanaut14]

@@frasercain But you make it sound like there is some rule that it has to be 270-300K where the infrared is emitted. This is an arbitrary temperature that would only be held if they were only using the Dyson Sphere (Swarm) to keep their habitats at liquid water temperatures. If they wanted to extract more energy from the temperature gradient- they would just have to move their collectors away a little bit more- the energy density drops with the cube root of the distance from the source. There is a huge amount of usable energy in infrared that could be harvested by thermocouplers and used to provide additional work. Multiple "shells" could be made. The same thermodynamics describing the emissions dropping from 9000K at the star's surface to 270K at a habitable zone Dyson Swarm also allow for 5K at some further distance from the star. We have already shown with the James Web Space Telescope that we can create that gradient with low tech heat shields. Extracting energy from it is not practical on Earth, but should be in space.

[@Pacer...]

Some of the best content on KZbin.

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

James Webb is a daring project.

[@tmarti69]

Hi Fraser back with another goofy Idea, I have allot of good reception, for the concept of 3d printing mini fusion reactors. Current reactors designs can be smaller in size by X^4 the higher the magnetic field, so at 26 Tesla the record and now tinny designs are thinkable. The current designs are all outdated, massively expensive and not keeping up. So, I propose instead of just using Rebco like steel ribbons. Actually 3d printing the superconductor ceramic right in the metal as it is being sintered. Just heat it up to melting point and ink jet it on top of the sintered powder layer. You could try the process in, Inconel, Titanium, even aluminum / similar melting point. Deuterium Tritium could be done with boron chambers, in the blanket in a 30 cm reactor, but it would half to be re-sintered every two years repaired or disposable. Using Helium Three makes sense too, because the proton discharge does not produce neutron damage at all, and makes electricity directly, but it is a harder reaction. That does not matter if the goal is to study plasma designs on your inexpensive desk, instead of a ten billion dollar building project.

[@ericb2017]

you seem like a really nice dude. good stuff thanks man.

[@fugutuba]

Could dark matter be an intermediate stage between matter and energy?

[@diogenesdacynic8656]

Fraiser concerning mars - "life will just be struggle and pain, with no benefit." Sounds like my existence now, so fuck it! On to mars!😂🤣

[@quantonica5348]

The best Bortle point I have been to was a spot in the middle of The Badlands in South Dakota. There is a short boardwalk path above the prairie that leads to a good sized deck and it was the perfect spot for my tripod and large binoculars.

[@Paul_Ch52]

Since you asked for questions: Type-1a supernova as a standard candle. It's just a star in the sky. What is unique about its spectra that tells us 1a vs other star types?

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

About instantaneous communication by entanglement, isn't there a way to not measure the particle, and let it collapse on its own, from the measurement on the other side?

[@ruspj]

do you know of any plans to take a look at a tiny portion similar to the hubble deep field but of the cmbr ? i think most surveys are of the whole sky, and have never heard of small sections being focused on in detail. i dont think there would be a lot to see but you never know untill its looked at & could have unexpected results

[@richhagenchicago]

Here is a question for a future Q&A. My son and I were debating here the net impact of the solar wind on the orbit of the Earth and whether it adds energy to the orbit or takes it away as we pass through the solar wind. If it adds energy to the orbit, then would that, over the long term, lengthen the expiration date for life on earth as the earth warms because it is being slowly pushed outward in its orbit?

[@oberonpanopticon]

I’d imagine it’d slowly push earth away, but “slowly” is a bit of an understatement. I’m too tired to do the math, but I think the effect would barely measurable even over the entire lifespan of the sun.

[@williamwilliam57899]

Fingers crossed that would be amazing i would die to know the answer fr

[@nabormendonca5742]

Hi Fraser! Long time listener, first time asking a question. I think you could better clarify your answer regarding whether any findings of extraterrestrial life would be concealed from the general public. Remember that the finding of phosphine in Venus itself was not made public immediately by the scientists. Also, do you know whether scientists have to sign any kind of NDA to be able to use Hubble or JWST? Thanks and keep up the great work!

[@frasercain]

The scientists didn't reveal their findings right away because they wanted to be sure. If you go public with incomplete information, scientists will tear it apart. You need to be certain before you make a claim. No, you don't have to sign an NDA. It's the opposite. You need to make your data public.

[@keithinadhd6693]

What is a dimension? Is it another place or is it a direction? When it's said that strings need to exist in eleven dimensions for String Theory to work, does that mean strings need to be able to move or vibrate in eleven different directions, needing an eleven dimensional space/time? How can a direction be curled up too tiny to see? What is the scientific definition of a dimension?

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

Imagine the nightsky from space. In these suborbital flights, Earth at the center of attention, but the other side should also be interesting.

[@esquilax5563]

30:16 is it even still possible to see static on modern TVs? I have a feeling youngsters have no idea what people are talking about when they bring that up

[@manfredmaniek]

Hey Fraser! Isn't primordial black holes being dark matter ruled out by the fact that dark matter isn't clumping into disc shapes like regular matter and instead surrounds galaxies as a halo?

[@oberonpanopticon]

Why would it be?

[@indimediaworks]

A question to the current story "A Supercomputer Gives Better Focus to Blurry Radio Images": can this method be applied to those blurry images we have from Oumuamua and if so what more could we possibly see and learn from it? Thank you for your work!

[@RIDDLESWORTH]

love the show. thanks for the reply it was coolworlds ^.^

[@kadourimdou43]

Q. Will we be able to get good images of The Bernardinelli-Bernstein Comet, when it makes it approach? Thanks.

[@Cannabian]

Everyone always talks about mars terraforming but there is also venus which Carl Sagan looked at for awhile. Is there any other planets or moons you think would actually be better then those or ones recently studied for terraforming?

[@TheSCPStudio]

Venus is impossibly deadly to overcome. A rover only lasted seconds on the surface.

[@woody5109]

Couldn’t agree with you more on the Mars base idea, just send robots.

[@AnonymousFreakYT]

Re: Refuel in LEO or on moon? How about entangled comet brought to be the counterweight of a Space Elevator? Space elevator up, fuel up from captured comet, launch from there.

[@paulweiler6494]

Hi! I’ve been missing your” set reminder “ notifications do you usually have a day you put it up Love to hear the “whole show “ Thanks!!!!!!

[@frasercain]

I usually post the next show immediately after the livestream ends.

[@thatguy7595]

I have a playlist of many past live shows on my profile. Maybe you can find some you missed.

[@odysseus5872]

Are there multi-body Lagrange points within our solar system? If so would there be anything purposeful for them?

[@InfiniteBeautyOfficial]

I have a question. If JWST just so happens to be able to see passed the GN-Z11 what do you believe it could possibly find/see?

[@oldmech619]

Absolutely JWST will look further back in time than GN-Z11. What it has is cryogenics. That is the signal to noise ratio S/N. That translate into much older in time.

[@afonsosantos8364]

I doubt searching for K2 or K3 civs would pass the veto of the panel that allocates the JWST time.

[@erosa1983]

Hi, thanks for your work it's awesome! Is it possible for JWST to take direct earth photos ( without the moon ) will the earth be visible totaly in its panorama?

[@oberonpanopticon]

1 - I’m pretty sure that’d damage the camera/sensors because earth is way brighter than anything it was ever designed to look at. 2 - The sun would be in a similar direction to the earth, which is even worse. 3 - I’m pretty sure that the JWST is perpetually *behind* earth, so it could only ever see the dark side 4 - Even ignoring all that, why would we? There are already plenty of telescopes that can and do take images of earth already, far better than the JWST could. The JWST has more important and different work anyways, so why would anybody waste its precious time?

[@ricardosenpai6121]

Is there a benefit of putting a magnetic "bubble" on Earth's L1?

[@jeffmofo5013]

They've already achieved quantum communication. Something like 20 years ago They can manually change the spin. If you understand serial communications. The line is high (5 volts). Then they change it to low ( zero votls), high, low, low, high, low, low, high. The receiving end monitors the change in the line. They do the same thing with quantum entanglement. They force the change in direction from spinning up. To down, up, down, down, up, down, down, up. The other side monitors the change in spin of the quantum entangled particle. The problem with this approach is the decay of the entanglement. The entanglement is easily disrupted. Over the years they have been focused on pushing the distance at which this works. They claim they have a working version up to 30 meters. But it's short lived.

[@ShivkumarSuryabhanSuryawanshi]

Hi Team, How can James Webb telescope can protect it self from Any free flow objects or non objects in space Thank You Shiv

[@LemonsAndSalt69]

I have a question: If, as has been suggested, we exist inside a massive black hole, wouldn’t time be infinitely slow? Or because of the black hole’s massive gravity, does time stop altogether? If so, wouldn’t this prove that we do not exist inside a black hole?

[@oberonpanopticon]

If time was infinitely slow relative to outside of the universe we wouldn’t be able to tell lol

[@deisisase]

You said something about civilizations giving off IR light, could we mistake civilizations for fast moving / far away galaxies or stars?

[@oberonpanopticon]

it’d be hard *not* to detect a type 3 civilization with Webb. You could probably do it with an amateur telescope if you had enough time.

[@woody5109]

Don’t forget the James Web is a three way partnership with Europe an Canada, so no “one” group has a final say on any new discoveries.

[@lumtrebor]

Hey Fraser, will it ever be possible to explore the wavelength's that JWST is built for from an Earth-bound telescope (via adaptive optics or similar), or is Earth just too hot? Are there currently any unexplored ranges of wavelengths that have yet to be probed?

[@CyberiusT]

"Ever" is a long time. The universe invented people is far less than that, and there was nobody directing that project.

[@lumtrebor]

@@CyberiusT oh ya for sure, I understand the point you're trying to make, and you do seem smart, but the sun will (probably) expand and destroy the Earth in 5 - 10 billion years, and more than likely be uninhabitable in around a billion years. I'm not as smart as you, of course, but I think that this is less than the 13.8 billion years that it took for the universe to "invent" people. Could you explain to me how humans would operate an Earth-bound telescope if the Earth became uninhabitable or destroyed? Use simple words please so I can understand real good. I think Fraser would be smarter than both of us and understand that "ever" was limited to somewhere in between the near future and the end of human civilization on Earth

[@CyberiusT]

@@lumtrebor Your sarcasm game is on point.

[@lumtrebor]

@@CyberiusT you were sorta right though, “ever” wasn’t the best choice of word

[@zapfanzapfan]

Have you interviewed anyone from Masten space systems? Just saw a very good 100 minute interview on NSF live about an upcoming lunar lander and lots of interesting tech like spraying a landing pad when landing on the Moon, mining the Moon using a rocket engine etc.

[@overip]

The civilization types concept is based on the fact that solar energy could be used to get energy from it, but also matter can be used for the same purpose.

[@johnharvey5412]

The best source of matter would still be a star. 😏

[@allbymys3lf831]

Any thoughts on the spacex booster tumbling towards the moon?

[@CyberiusT]

It'll hit, and carve out a nice little trench/crater. Somebody might get to see some interesting readings on the freshly-exposed regolith - maybe even a little ejecta. That's all.

[@Videoman2000]

Isn't the Kardasjev definition, that a Type 1 civilization uses the amount of energy received by their planet, meaning that if the they colonize several planets star system, they could use that amount of energy, without ever using all the energy of their planet. The Federation from Star Trek would definitely be such an example. The same for Type 2, they could have colonized a large swat of the galaxy, and using in total the energy of a star or more, but never the one of a single star alone. The Galactic Empire from Star Wars would be such an example.

[@CyberiusT]

Just my opinion: your own words are the answer, there: "the amount of energy received by their planet" - ie: the amount is what matters - not necessarily getting it all in one place.

[@joethestack3894]

If aliens were rocketing around from star to star using their fusion drives, would the James Webb be able to detect them? Or would it see them only if they were directly decelerating toward our solar system? Like if their drive technology was extremely focused in only one direction?

[@jasoncullen7787]

Hey Fraser, I thought NASA said there was no camera on JW. So how was JW able to take pics of its 18 mirrors on its self?

[@LarsRyeJeppesen]

the primary camera

[@tompava3923]

Question: Hey Fraser, is there any way that the unused energy from a star could be fed back into the star, thereby preventing radiation escaping beyond the system? Or, would it be like creating a giant pressure cooker?

[@paulthornton9899]

Say wha?

[@thelaw3536]

Can't you just use a computer to constantly monitor the state of a particle? Also the fact that the particle shifted is information. You just need to make an encoder to count and translate the number of shifts at given intervals to create the equivalent of Morse Code. So long as we can build computers to monitor and interface with these particles, control the number and frequency of shifts, and determine when the shifts are not manually caused we can do faster then light travel. You don't need non random information, you just need any information and a cheat sheet.

[@I_Am_AI_007]

They took back the presence of Phosphine in Venus' atmosphere, saying it was a glitch.

[@auralfire31]

@11:14 Does this assume rocket propulsion is the ultimate way to move things and that there are no other means of heatless propulsion? Even theoretically?

[@oberonpanopticon]

the only way to make something move is to expend energy, and because you can never be perfectly efficient there will always be some energy wasted. plus, the only way we know of to move stuff in a frictionless vacuum is blasting a whole bunch of highly energetic stuff into space for all to see.

[@oberonpanopticon]

it’s less an assumption as it is a consequence of the laws of the universe first law of motion - the only way to make something move is to expend energy second law of thermodynamics - you can never be perfectly efficient when expending energy, there will always be some energy escaping into the void the third law of motion - the only way we know of to move stuff in a frictionless vacuum is to throw stuff in the opposite direction, particularly, by blasting a whole bunch of highly energetic stuff into space

[@eskii2]

What are you more curious about advancing physics/understanding big bang or finding new civilization?

[@zhiyan909]

Hi Fraser, thanks for your time and knowledge and better yet sharing it Mr. Cain I got very difficult question for you. Please take your time and resources then answer I always wonder how vast and big the observable universe(not hole universe ) was after the first second of creation or inflation or big bang how about first year or how about 380,000 years After big bang. Would you please use some valid scientific resources ... Thanks and Respect

[@Christoph1888]

Re ? 1 "Could James Webb detect Dyson swarms"? Infrared radiation is still radiated energy. Would a civilisation advanced enough to build such things also not not be able to harness the infrared radiation as well? Therefore there would be nothing to see in infrared?

[@ranjanbharti8393]

Question: How far starship can go if it will launch in booster from moon ?

[@CyberiusT]

Not Fraser, obviously: Erm, potentially "to Infinity!" The limiting factors in space travel are really time and manoeuvring fuel, not so much acceleration thrust - at least once you actually get into space in the first place.

[@walley2637]

or... could it confirm that there is no one else out there and the universe ends just beyond what Hubble could see? exciting times!

[@dakrontu]

Would it be possible to surround a star with a shield formed of mirrors that deflect infrared radiation so that it is emitted in a specific direction so that from other directions it would be giving off virtually no radiation and therefore be practically invisible?

[@oberonpanopticon]

Maybe, but the mirrors would still get warmed up and glow in the infrared (and possibly visible) themselves. You’d just make the star look like a brown dwarf or something. Also, if you could do that, it would double as a stellar engine.

[@ovidiu9329]

As stars keep fusioning elements, will the chemical composition of the universe change so much over the eons that there won't be any lighter elements left to form stars? Also, is there such a thing as a golden era in what regards the chemical composition of the universe to facilitate the appearance of life as we know it?

[@noth606]

I have some input on your first question, star formation overall is slowing but not on a timeline we really need to worry about. There are multiple factors to this, the expansion of the universe, black holes sucking up particles etc, but we have star forming gravity bound areas too, so it might stop but in tens of trillions of years or more... The second question I'd think is a yes, but it's hard to put a number on because it depends on so many factors, the star, planet composition etc. everything doesn't evolve at the same time, so it will not be a synchonous event across even the galaxy, let alone the universe.

[@genericyoutube]

If a type 1 civilization is using all of the solar energy that lands on its planet, are plants a type 1 civilization then?

[@noth606]

I'd love to be on Mars, I have gone outside maybe 20 times the last 2 years, and I don't like it, I avoid it if I can. I'd need a wheelchair and help, but as a senior software dev I'd be plenty help.

[@iindium49]

It will be a sad day when man firsts sets foot on Mars. Currently earth is populated with organic life and Mars is populated by robotic life. I like that imagery.

[@ryutak4152]

How come we can still see CMB? Shouldn't that light already get past us?

[@frasercain]

We're always seeing new CMB. Every second that goes by we're seeing the new CMB from a region that's 1 light-second farther than before.

[@grygierpeps]

If no information can be used from entangled particles how was this even discovered or proved that it even happens?

[@oaksnice]

You can use the information, you just cannot use entanglement to *send* information faster than the speed of light.

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

From the point of view of the photon, it is absorbed in the same moment that it is created, no matter the distance.

[@sunny_ua]

So dark matter are the Reapers!

[@frasercain]

Hah, exactly. Don’t use the Mass Effect relays.

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

I think that in less than 20 years we will have robotic arms as skillful, or more, than human arms.

[@colinhouseworth9027]

How long do we have until the CMB redshifts into radio wavelengths?

[@oberonpanopticon]

Roughly speaking, about a hundred billion years

[@alexoest]

No capybaras?!? You can count me out, then.

[@joethestack3894]

Is it true that on a really dark night, like Bortle 1 or 2, the Andromeda galaxy is visible to the naked eye, and its extent is comparable to that of the moon? I want to see that so bad!

[@curtishimel]

QUESTION: Have there been any experiments on the ISS on the viability of complex animals to reproduce?

[@oberonpanopticon]

Idk about the iss but in terms of Spaceflight in general, it depends on how you define “complex”

[@lukas_jay243]

Lol.Type 2 and 3 civilisations? And the winner is TV SciFi

[@rayleeson6135]

How old would the oldest civilisation possibly be? After all, if the universe expanded so rapidly the most civilisations must be the same age!

[@CyberiusT]

I don't think the expansion is a valid limiting factor. I think having the right elements for life is, though, which definitely puts a limit on maximum age... Not one we can know for certain at this point, though; life might be possible without phosphorus, for example - but not for us. If you assume life that matches our chemistry, and it happened at the earliest moment it could, however, the heaviest element we know we need is iodine (I think), and that needs neutron star collisions to make. That puts an upper limit at just a few hundred million years after reionisation... say maybe something like 13 billion years ago. So, "OLD".

[@TheWolfHound7777]

I mean, we haven't send a rover the South Pole of Mars, so we can't completely rule out penguins.

[@joshuaadamstithakayoutubel2490]

Where did you study to learn about all this?

[@withnoname1834]

I keep seeing and wondering about type 2 and 3 civilisations but surely if extra terrestrials were that advanced they would have mastered nuclear fusion and so would therefore have no need to use Dyson sphere's?

[@GhostofReason]

Nah, you still use Dyson swarms because it’s otherwise just massive amounts of energy going to waste. The biggest fusion reactor (albeit inefficient) is the star in the system and you can either use it or harvest it for material to use in your own reactor systems, but either way, the space based infrastructure should be detectable

[@eldy938]

I agree, Dyson sphere's are a human concept of producing energy. Type 2-3 civilization's would probably have a good giggle.

[@princecharmingthefirst]

Where do I send in my questions?

[@frasercain]

In any video comments.

[@MdGuardian1032]

Will JWST be able to see Quasi-Stars? (If they actually existed...)

[@oberonpanopticon]

Maybe. But only the largest and most isolated ones, and even then it might be hard to be sure.

[@mattuk56]

Could James webb see a Star Constellation which was never seen before, and it looks like 2pac with a Bandana on and 2pac is winking like on that photo on Google images

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

Is it possible to see significant changes in a nebula over the decades?

[@oberonpanopticon]

Yes

[@timrobinson513]

Could we build a JWST and place it on the moon in a permanently dark crater? We wouldn’t need the sunshade, it would be close enough to service and therefore cheaper/easier to construct.

[@CyberiusT]

It would also have a permanently fixed view of the sky.

[@timrobinson513]

@@CyberiusT it's view would be limited yes but it could still gimbal quite a bit. The question is would a lower cost justify a lower capacity or would the savings not be worth it?

[@craigfarber4614]

Placing it on the moon would be more expensive not less. Instead of just needing to reach orbit to service it you would need to travel to the moon land on the moon and then take off again to fly back to the earth. That would be a lot more involved and expensive.

[@timrobinson513]

@@craigfarber4614 but JWST can't be serviced. It has to be designed to be incredibly robust. The time, money and effort needed to achieve this is why it cost so much. A Luna based telescope would be much simpler, quicker to build and last longer. It would also be far less risky. Imagine If Hubble couldn't have been serviced?

[@denbols]

wat if they would put radio sound wave's on mars

[@rutgervanoudenhoven1188]

What are in your opinion the best alternative theories to dark matter?

[@tedparadiso6916]

Question....... Sorry I can't imagine harness one bit of energy from our surrounding Milky Way ! At large distance the heat energy dies off....... just think of the Sun and Pluto, the light is well dispersed and faint at arrival and with no real heat with super cold temperatures. No such thing as harnessing distant star energy. The only thing that can carry energy at a distance is objects on impact because of their tremendous speed ??

[@philipbealluncensored9587]

Push the space away with neutrons

[@CyberiusT]

... Are you envisioning a shell around the entire galaxy? Cuz that would be both impossible (requiring more matter than several galaxies to make), and dumb even if there were some magic invoked. No, the most primitive K2 situation would have each star would having a little swarm englobing it, like billions of K1 swarms. The other ones are Clarke-tech: indistinguishable from magic.

[@philipbealluncensored9587]

@@CyberiusT space - energy + either way really. Or 1 and 0 ...out there up and down are in every direction; However, for ease of explainin, like air, space is resting on a sea... Figure out how the water is everywhere yet 1 and lemme know what u think. Please

[@codyfox298]

Why don’t they just set up an ai on James Webb to look for the best potential for life and let it keep doing it over and over and over it will learn faster and be able to find life bearing moons and planets better than we could I just think they’d be able to scan the universe so much faster than we could

[@natmol1595]

Is there any VALID HYPOTHESIS from the fields of cosmology or astro physics? 🤪👌

[@GhanaReset]

Hey sounds kind of unscientific (and dumb) but, why is no one talking about possibly JWST sighting Heaven? Or Heaven is completely invisible, that is, if Heaven really exists.

[@bneil4059]

Why would such an advanced civilization build a Dyson sphere/swarm? It seems so inefficient and unnecessary, like a worse version of hydroelectric. As we progress we do more with less, seems counterintuitive to the philosophy of an advancing civilization.

[@ioresult]

Musk wants Spaceship and Superheavy to lift up unce per hour. Let's say you produce all the methane using the Sabatier process powered by the sun. Hydrogen has to be electrolyzed. Water, air and CO2 are abundant and free. How much acreage will it need? Also to coninue launching during the night, you would need battery storage. How much?

[@Sajin688]

Can you not put that high pitch pinging noise during the questions please, when you have earbuds or better headphones on it's really earritating, see what I did there lol. Had to atleast make a complaint fun because I do enjoy your content. But I being one with sensitive hearing can pick that up and it's super amplified

[@Drakcap]

Thanks for bringing this up. I've talked with Fraser, and he's agreed. I've just deleted it from our upcoming edited episode (173), so it won't be in the Q&A episodes going forward.

[@Am_I_really_not_really_I_AM]

Dark matter is probably just the unanswered prayers of all the various religious beings throughout the Universe.

[@HPA97]

Could Mercury have previously been a hot Neptune planet?

[@Kitsaplorax]

If we want to see the furthest red shift, we need a VLF/ULF radio telescope interferometer (a few sites, widely scattered) on the Far side of the Moon. Linked by something like lasers for high data bandwidth comms and no chance of interference. This would allow us to listen to Hot Jupiters, etc. We can't do this type of astronomy on Earth or in orbit due to interference natural and artificial from the Earth. Why isn't the astronomy community clamoring for this? The amateur radio community, at least the VLF/ULF enthusiasts understand the limitations of Earth-based research as well as the potentials. Forget a Webb-class VLF telescope, we'd settle for an IRAS equivalent.

[@TheDJSleek]

Has the search for gravitons ended? Or has its existence been debunked

[@byrnemeister2008]

Not found yet but by no means over.