Hog farming has a massive poop problem

[@Vox]

Thanks for watching. It’s worth noting that North Carolina is not the only place where the lagoon and sprayfield system exists. A lot of large-scale pig farms in the US store and dispose of waste in this way. In states like Iowa that experience more frequent freezing temperatures however, farms store the waste in deep pits under the hog buildings. Other states require lagoons to be covered. And, small-scale farmers graze their pigs. But I couldn’t find anywhere a version of a wastewater treatment plant that most advocates are calling for, aside from the pilot projects funded through the Smithfield agreement in North Carolina, one of which we show in the video. It seems clear to me that changing this system would require an industry-wide sea change, led by corporations fronting the cost and more government regulation. For our international audience: Does your country raise hogs in a way that looks different than this? If so, I’d love to hear about it below. -Laura

[@superninja2022]

Yw

[@9977-s9z]

❤ for your hard work

[@stevebulbowmd7142]

To Vox: I´ve been granted Patent Pending status by the USTPO that specifically deals with the pig waste issue. It addresses & resolves all the issues mentioned in this video. Experienced on the subject & have been doing this for 7 1/2 years. It helps the environment(by dramatically reducing G.H. gases, ON TWO FRONTS). It helps the soil by not having to dump nitrates & phosphates as fertilizers thus, protecting underground water reserves as well. It also helps in the food sustainability chain. My process is cheaper than anything that has been mentioned in this video AND money is either made or saved(depending if you´re on the buying or selling side?). North Carolina alone has the potential for a new, $456M dollar/yr industry in UTILITIES. In other words, they´d actually make money for cleaning up their environment, the land & underground water reserves!

[@esgee3829]

thank you for pointing to the anu sinstead of showing us the feces in the thumbnail. That way we can still feel a little removed from it while eating our double carnitas burrito.

[@zeitgeistx5239]

Disappointing you guys didn’t bring up the studies showing how rates of skin and respiratory infections in hog farming counties.

[@youngsixty7395]

The fact that we get free documentaries on KZbin by Vox is truly a gift 👍

[@drnotuseless]

Ok

[@Dino14345]

Something that isn’t discussed is that hog waste can contain antibiotic resistant bacteria. When that waste flows into waterways, people downstream can get antibiotic resistant infections. The NC waterways discussed flow into the sounds and ocean where fishing and tourism are major industries.

[@atikulislam3973]

This is so FRIGHTENING considering current pandemic situation.

[@Kay0Bot]

Antibodies evolve as well...just a race

[@WoodChoppa911]

@@Kay0Bot depends on how they handle antibiotics. There are super bugs that adapted to almost all, and cannot be destroyed by our immune system. Basically a fatal infection, but probably a digestion one.

[@orangemoonglows2692]

pretty much all animal waste, including human, has antibiotic resistant bacteria.

[@serpentmaster1323]

Did you say antibiotic resistant bacteria? The harmful kind of those are freaking terrifying.

[@impendio]

Extremely good series, everyone should know these things. We can’t give away our future just for cheap meat today…

[@eliopalombi]

Not the best alternative for the environment, but switching to chicken instead of going full vegetarian or vegan is already a great step forwards. Plus red meat is so much worse for your health!

[@G_Flash84625]

@@eliopalombi The day meat is banned, is the day I hunt my fellow man....starting with all the vegans

[@G_Flash84625]

@🏃‍♂C54-VCCHEI I firmly believe in a balanced diet, it's what our ancestors ate so why change it?

[@tanjoy0205]

Maybe lab grown meat ?

[@G_Flash84625]

@@tanjoy0205 Far too expensive for that, perhaps in the future when the tech gets cheaper

[@crimsonghost4107]

It's disgusting that the health board made the church pay for the problems that the industry created.

[@lightningboltt5437]

And they say the US is a place of equality

[@sm3675]

Shame to the government.

[@fluffybadboy]

@@sm3675 let’s go Brandon

[@GregHuffman1987]

well usually the churches dont pay their fair share haha

[@JatPhenshllem]

@@GregHuffman1987 Honestly, you're pretty wrong there

[@marwin436]

Here in Germany we have this problem as well, we also have increased nitrate levels in ground water. its not close to being this bad tho

[@sinoroman]

we min-max over here

[@rolfs2165]

Germany also pays regular fines to the EU over this, because that's cheaper than actually doing something about the issue. Well, maybe the new Green minister finally will.

[@cameronpeterson896]

So I don’t understand, why can’t they put this waste through the sewage system? Seems like it’d make so much more sense

[@nostro1940]

@@rolfs2165 the only thing the new government will do is bring more illegal migrants

[@matthiasrambally1899]

Germany population vs america population and you'd see why it ain't that bad

[@isimerias]

It’s an issue here in Quebec too. The government touts eating local but when this local produce is industrial hog farms that are poisoning our groundwater it’s quite ironic…

[@ylstorage7085]

"eat s**t" "well... at least that's local too"

[@Etaoinshrdlu69]

Speaking as an Albertan hog farmer I say let the free market sort it out. Hog on.

[@sarahm4669]

Do you live in an area affected by this? I live in Montreal so I don't know much about how the farming outside of the city works

[@Flow86767]

Le pire c'est que l'industrie porcine au québec n'as jamais été développée dans un but local, mais dans un but d'exportation aux marchés internationaux. Pour être autosuffisant et mieux produire local, il faut diversifié nos produits agricoles, qui malheureusement est domminée par les porcs. Donc le "manger local", on ne s'en rapproche pas avec cette industrie qui ne sert pas ce but!

[@blackpowderkun]

As if the government don't want people to have free water.

[@jedro86]

This is simply a peek at a much larger issue related to the entire meat production industry. Meat prices have to go up (or maybe the conglomerates can simply accept a little less profit) or municipalities need to assist farmers if they are to afford these proven technologies.

[@hurrytoworry]

Well meat would be more expensive if not for subsidies

[@draunt7]

They need to remove the meat subsidies and force the meat production companies to pay for their waste.

[@sm3675]

Pig farms for kilometers is not healthy. Monoculture, but with animals....

[@jeffersonott4357]

@@draunt7 where is the lab meat?

[@JohnSmith-eo5sp]

Time to get these Southerners to stop eating their favorite meat: PORK. No pork consumption means the mass industry dies out

[@WorldsOkayestSorcerer]

My grandparents kept hogs. They stink in a way that I can’t even adequately describe. I can only imagine the gruesome stench of a farm solely dedicated to the mass raising of these animals. Imagining what the “lagoon” must smell like - let alone the danger to health it must pose - is enough to make my stomach do flips. We have to re-think the way we get our food in this country. It’s going to come back to bite us in a catastrophic way.

[@cdjhyoung]

Not every commercial hog farm 'stinks'. Whether the farm stinks or not is very much an issue with how the hogs are managed.

[@JohnSmith-eo5sp]

So stop eating pork :-!

[@WorldsOkayestSorcerer]

@@JohnSmith-eo5sp Working on that, actually. I’ve cut all meat intake by 3/4 since turning 42; with a goal of eliminating it completely in the next year.

[@casedistorted]

Oh yeah it’ll be too late soon too. America is a reallly f’d up country to live in

[@The40yearoldVegan]

@@WorldsOkayestSorcerer 8 years no meat for me. I did for ethics bc I worked in this industry.

[@acmulhern]

Environmental issues are also human rights issues. Once we realise this and act accordingly we can tackle both issues at once.

[@Random17Game]

Did they really tried to make this about Race, like the city has a conspiracy plot to try and be racist, oh god, the video would have been good without this conspiracy theories it hurts the main and valid message of the video that we could try for better ways of waste disposal mabye through subsidies, at the end of the day the Hog Farms must be somewhere

[@acmulhern]

@@Random17Game communities of colour are usually poorer, so they live in areas that are cheaper. That's also where farmers buy land. Don't think anyone is implying that the farmers intentionally stink up black neighbourhoods, but that's what the statistics seem to show.

[@bananawitchcraft]

​@@Random17Game People of color in the US started out at an economic disadvantage, and have never had a chance to catch up. Class and race are therefore inextricably linked, and anything which disproportionately affects the poor, disproportionately affects people of color. No conspiracy required. Pollution as a racial inequality issue is a highly documented and researched phenomenon.

[@Random17Game]

@@acmulhern I agree with your first part, thats what happens, but VOX seems to imply that the County or whatever only gives permits nearby black communities with the intention to be racist when it isn't the case

[@gianlucazanon1505]

How about animal rights?

[@arvisvalit7960]

Pigs aren’t naturally inclined to wallow in their own filth. That is a stereotype created by the industry that breeds and exploits them. They are clean and intelligent animals but we treat them as machines.

[@Wasserkaktus]

They want to wallow in wet mud when it is hot, but when that is in short supply, they have to use their own filth.

[@ryanhajekVEVO]

@@Wasserkaktus correct, that’s because pigs lack sweat glands

[@Wasserkaktus]

@@ryanhajekVEVO They lack sweat glands AND they can't pant like other mammals to cool themselves off.

[@jordanclarke5747]

@@Wasserkaktus they can pant fyi

[@zoeredadams]

@@jordanclarke5747any mammal can pant at least a little bit - but pigs can’t pant effectively in the way dogs can.

[@Zeverinsen]

There are many viable solutions, but they must be forced into law in order to be implemented. Corporations will NEVER do what's best for anyone or anything but their own profit, regardless of who it impacts and how, as long as it isn't someone who can make legislation.

[@chikinspicy6021]

I absolutely agree that these practices are unequitable, but your sentiments do not apply to all farmers nor corporations.

[@cheryllewis3059]

100% accurate in what you say Severinsen!!!

[@mikolowiskamikolowiska4993]

You like tyranny don't you. Force goes around then comes around. One day you will be forced to do something you don't like.

[@laesonated]

However, if we make the solution to the problem more profitable than continuing to perpetuate the problem, they'll immediately switch over. It's just a matter of how do we do that.

[@cheryllewis3059]

@@mikolowiskamikolowiska4993 ummmm isn’t that what’s happening now ? What r u saying ?

[@CP-012]

North Carolina has a unique problem that is easy solved. They can do what other jurisdictions in North America have had to adopt. Cover their holding pits, and INJECT the manure into the field soil via the pumpout hose method. They will have to be state monitored for nitrate levels in the soil, and they must have adequate acres to use the manure for crop growth. If not, then the manure must be trucked to a distant field where it can be used safely, Or move the farm. I’m an independent hog producer and I’ve done this. It should not matter the size of the operation, it must be environmentally friendly, or it must be scaled back or closed.

[@cdjhyoung]

Animal waste management is probably the next item Federal intervention will be needed for. Some solvable issues I see with South Carolina's hog waste problem I see are: first, the density of the over all number of hog farms is too high. The industry needs to decentralize so the over all impact to one area is reduced. Second, manure digesters work, and can be made economical to run. One exists on a huge dairy farm in my area. It was built with private funds and has been cost effective since construction. It is more than 20 years old, so it has been successful even though new, better technologies have been invented. Three: spray on field disposal of wastes needs to be stopped. Locally to me, there is a company that specializes in emptying lagoons and field injecting the waste. The stench from this lasts only a few days in the worst of seasons. It is not an answer that can be implemented year round, but it works much better for the impact it has on the rural neighbors than spray application of waste. Four: Permitting mega farms must be ended. Research the minimum sustainable operation and limit permits to that size. It is not just the number of animals, but also the available acreage to dispose these wastes. Five: Waste disposal should not be the goal: fully retrieving the components of animal manure should be the goal. Injecting the proper amount of digested waste into the soil can improve fertility and not contribute to run off if done at appropriate levels. Six: Bust up these mega packer into a more competitive business model. I have watched the change in the meat packing industry as medium size meat packer closed in the face of the mega operations we have today. Like all businesses that become oliographies, the only benefits derived from the multi-tiered business are bestowed to the owners at the top of the pyramid. The farmers and other industries in the pyramid have no control of the business as far as pricing or free markets or input costs, but bare virtually all of the risks and liabilities.

[@CP-012]

@@cdjhyoung I couldn’t agree with you more.

[@Waddayatakamefor]

A very similar problem arises in the cattle industry and basically everywhere livestock is being raised and held. Large death zones in the oceans where literally nothing lives and the oxygen levels are very low while nitrogen levels are particularly high have been connected to manure runoff...

[@stephenshoihet2590]

Several years ago I watched a show where they were flying over pig farms to check out their waste usage and one had an impulse sprinkler that was stationary and discharging directly into a creek.

[@tinayoga8844]

That is certainly not a normal situation. What is the norm is what has been shown in this program. It is in no way a good solution, but not like the one instance you described.

[@rontropics26]

Those aren't "adult" pigs as stated. Pigs can live over ten years and most pigs are slaughtered in just 6 months.

[@cillyhoney1892]

Young meat is tender, old meat is tough. They grow them until they reach their maximum size. They do the same with poultry and cattle. Steer are slaughtered at two years and they live for 30 years. I might be wrong about the exact numbers though. Same principle though. Why maintain an animal once it's reached it's maximum size and is only going to cost more to feed and maintain and gets less valuable as a meat product the longer it lives?

[@mysticalsoap]

@@cillyhoney1892 It's about wording. Most people probably delusionally think that the animal killed for the meat on their plate lived out some semblance of a full life, when in reality they don't even reach the equivalent of teenage years in humans.

[@tinayoga8844]

In most places an adult human is anyone who has reached the age of 18 years. Adult does not differentiate between a 18 year old or an eighty year old. So the term 'adult' in the program is correct. They are adult pigs.

[@verdeilcyprien4102]

The problem of livestock (mostly pigs) is well known in France specifically in Bretagne. The waste lead to mass reproduction of green algae which acoast on beaches releasing deadly gas which lead to the death of many animals and people. The government officials would (and still don't for many) not admit that it is a consequence of intensive and irresponsible farming, pressured by the lobby of the agro industry (and tourism industry). One of them was Macron's agronomy counsellor... Most farmers cannot convert to a sustainable way of farming/ raising cattle as they own a lot to the big companies in the agro industry, companies that have the power to decide which cattle farm makes money and which do not (by various means of pressure). The problem is deeply rooted in the system with an enormous corruption problem. That's one more exemple showing how intensive agriculture in our economic system cannot and will never be efficient and sustainable.

[@PetitPoneyDuVercors26]

I was going to talk about that too, but you explained it quite well :) Malheureusement à part en parler pour que ça devienne un sujet hyper présent dans les médias et les esprits c'est trop bloqué pour que ça change vite...

[@verdeilcyprien4102]

@@PetitPoneyDuVercors26 Thank you, I made some English mistakes tho :(. Eh oui je suis entierement d'accord avec toi ! J'ai lu la BD Algues Vertes récemment, je te la recommande si tu ne la connais pas, elle dresse un très bon portrait de ce sujet, et je me suis rendu compte à quel point c'était compliqué en plus du fait que c'est encore complètement d'actualité...

[@phils6582]

In the EU, already for 30 years there are limits to the total amount of animal manure/fertilisers you can spread on agricultural land, which match the nutrient load applied to the crop requirement (Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC). It would probably be necessary for the owner of a large pig farm like those shown to tanker slurry to other farms to be spread so that the limits are not exceeded. It is also hard to imagine a system of manure/slurry spreading that could be worse for ammonia and odor emissions. In several EU countries and the UK, there are (NL) or are proposed (IRL) restrictions to Low Emission Slurry Spreading methods to reduce environmental and human health/nuisance damage. *Edited typo

[@sophiatomlinson1231]

Still, many regions in the EU with intensive pig farming suffer from high nitrate levels in ground water even though these directives exist :(

[@Yeahyeah116]

We have the exact same regulations here. Every farm is required to file a nutrient management every year that determines the amount of nutrients that can be applied per acre based on the status of the soil, the nutrient content in the manure and the nutrient demand from the crop being grown. There are some different regulations in parts of Europe with unique circumstances such as Holland being almost entirely below sea level.

[@CPRodrigues8]

That is such a GREAT piece of journalism! Here in Brazil this issue is also present in many of our new farming frontiers, also damaging Amazônia in it's expansion.

[@hydroxd0]

Honestly this is really intresting and you guys have really good editing. That's actually how I found the channel good job

[@kwanlinus6999]

But can you feed your people otherwise? That is the question. P.S. not in support of industrial farming

[@avykh99]

@@kwanlinus6999 honestly I'd rather just go without pork.

[@kwanlinus6999]

@@avykh99 But this isn't only a problem with pork. Its worse with Beef and Mutton. Seems like chicken is the only one which is sort of sustainable, and then there is avian flu.

[@hydroxd0]

One more like then 100

[@Delvy787]

2 parts: 1)Reduce consumer consumption. Eating todays current amounts of meat is still relatively new compared to the rest of human history. 2)Incentivizing industry to handle their waste via more regulation focused on consumer, environmental and animal protections.

[@dannyvu5207]

Trying to imagine how amazing our societies would be without animal factory farming...

[@hurrytoworry]

Seriously though.

[@zorkmid1083]

They would be societies without much meat unless you could afford it.

[@JohnSmith-eo5sp]

A lot would go hungry in the short term

[@RK-cj4oc]

Very hungry.

[@bebepopsr]

Excellent series, I've learned so much. The scale of it all is frightening, I'm going to further reduce meat consumption

[@jmckendry84]

That's great. Ultimately if less meat is getting sold then the total environmental impact is reduced. People ought to understand what the impact of their meat consumption habits really are, not just in abstract terms of C02 emissions and whatnot, but also that ordinary working people to like them are having their lives and health negatively impacted by this.

[@Wasserkaktus]

Meat should only comprise at most 10% of a human's diet (it should be closer to 5%).

[@lolm4ker994]

@@Wasserkaktus Totaly agree. I see way too often people arguing that since meat is "natural" it is okay to eat it to every meal in high amounts. Back when we were "natural" we didn't have supermarket-access to meat

[@Wasserkaktus]

@@lolm4ker994 At no point in human history have we consumed as much meat as we do now (apart from hunters who had ample game in the Pleistocene Steppe and in the Arctic North). We are omnivores but our diets should be very, very plant-centric, which is frankly better for our health anyways.

[@sandracartica4932]

Reducing meat consumption is not the answer.

[@fredi50]

Once again a great Video by you guys, I just have one complaint. You have a lot of international viewers, and converting the imperial system all the time is a hassle for me, so if you could just also mention, or put up the metric values on the screen that would be great!!

[@edgeofsevnteen]

Ikr, I don't know why we don't just convert already! The rest of the world uses the metric system! Just one of many big or small issues I have with this country.

[@fghjkl4083]

I live in Europa with its metric System, but I understand it's USA and tolerate to their measurements

[@superninja2022]

@@fghjkl4083 Only USA, Liberia and Myanmar use imperial system. Rest of the world uses metric system, not only Europe.

[@Mystro256]

@@superninja2022 except for some countries that have a confusing mix of both systems... *cough"U.K.*cough*.

[@TheRealSykx]

​@@edgeofsevnteen even more ironic: the US was an original signatory to ratify the "treaty of the metre" way back in 1875, but instead of rolling out the metric system we just made all our "standard" units a conversion of metric units..ridiculous

[@kittymervine6115]

There is a small hog farm near where I live, the kids like to stop there, as the pigs all live in a huge field where they run around (often with babies) and have nice little huts for rain and sun and in winter are moved to another enclosure with warm sheds for them. I'll admit they sure have made a huge fun looking mud zone out of their acres of free space to run, but if pigs could be happy I think these pigs are....but it is on a very small scale and all the pork is sold locally. In fact you can just stop by and pick up what's on sale that day. While not eating meat is probably best, buying local meat (it's often out there if you look for it), is also a nice option. At least for our local pigs.

[@ernstschmidt4725]

those pigs are not only local, but also much better raised with much more space (for starters they can actually walk). however those field farms probably produce less pork at higher costs, that's why the horrors of factory farming happen, to cheaply feed the great urban masses.

[@smorgis]

I've gone 90% plant based these last 2 years because of educating myself

[@PatrykKarter]

Awesome! Keep it up :) I've been vegan for over 5 years and never felt better. It's up to us consumers to vote with our money and stop funding the animal agriculture which is destroying the planet.

[@grmpEqweer]

I've been vegan for about 20 years now. I think it's a good choice.

[@jeffreyslater6556]

I’m a proud carnivore because of my education.

[@smorgis]

@@jeffreyslater6556 So what you're saying is you've never been educated on it

[@bolasblancas420]

@@smorgis if one chooses to eat meats, one is uneducated?

[@bagasputra8590]

Ahhh… the United States and its love affairs with industrialized farming. Gotta love unethical treatment to animals and environmental degradation.

[@ANJIN-p4q]

Can't keep bacon off them

[@timalexander1811]

It‘s not just the US. It‘s capitalism and efficiency

[@corey2232]

@@timalexander1811 And it's not just capitalism... Look at other economies like in the USSR, it's even worse, as the government needs to find the cheapest/fastest ways to feed their population by any means necessary. Otherwise, widespread famine occurs, resulting in the deaths of millions (again, seen in non-capitalist countries) where government takes over all food production & distribution.

[@jreed1701d]

I don't think I would have ever known about or thought about this issue if this video was not made. Thank you.

[@Kimmaline]

I grew up across the road from a similar facility for chickens. We were extremely poor, on well water, and when my mom would do her typical disappearing act for days or weeks at a time, the owner of the chicken farm would come spray the manure on our pastures--claiming he was "helping" us by fertilizing the land. I was *always* sick, and didn't even realize how abnormal it was until I got out and moved to the city.

[@taylorbug9]

Farming animals on the scale these companies are doing it on should just be made illegal outright. We all know it's bad in every way possible, there's literally nothing good about it. I lived in a town with an oil refinery in it when I went to college, my tonsils swelled up the first night I was there and they didn't go back down until I moved back home. Air quality is seriously important. And so is quality of life of the animals.

[@RealManasBose]

Lol. If food industries are made illegal then most poor people will starve to death because of the increase in food prices.

[@codguy12]

@@RealManasBose that's why have few kids or none at all to prevent overpopulation and wide economic inequality.

[@grmpEqweer]

@@RealManasBose A few people do need to eat meat, but most people... probably don't.

[@codguy12]

@@RealManasBose India is one of the worst example of income equality and overpopulation because people like to make more kids and make more problem for the government and the economy. In the future India will have 7billion people. With that population size, India is doomed to become bankrupt.

[@codguy12]

@@Paonporteur I was just exaggerating

[@WABiscuit]

Mass industrialized farming is a problem. This isn’t just a local environment problem, there are countless studies to demonstrate the impact these farms have on the global environment and producing feed to feed poorly kept animals. It’s up to the consumer to understand where the meat you buy is from and avoid mass farming and make these farms not “economically feasible”! People can make a difference by simply buying better quality meat which in turn will save your local community and the global environment

[@TheRealSykx]

consumers can't implement systemic change without a revolution. governments have to change the system

[@dmitriedenichkin3006]

And you want for people to buy more expensive meat and became poorer

[@WABiscuit]

@@dmitriedenichkin3006 meat should be a premium product, there are plenty of alternatives, eat it as a treat. We shouldn’t be getting poorer if you eat meat a few times a week in fact it’s probably cheaper. The world needs a compromise otherwise we won’t have one left, we don’t need to be vegan but we need to decrease our meat intake and promote sustainable farming.

[@WABiscuit]

@@TheRealSykx I agree that governments have a lot of power to change the system such as tax unsustainable farming and make the consumer choice easy. I don’t think revolutionary change is needed. The real problem is getting governments to act, consumers buying less meat from unsustainable means will help. You need to increase the demand for more sustainable practices as well, this needs to be gradual shift and that starts with the consumer.

[@andrewhall908]

A few notes: "biogas" is a marketing term. It is simply gas. Similarly, reducing dependence on "fossil fuels" is not the issue. Carbon emissions are. I don't think this video was meant to intentionally mislead, but the terms are confusing and muddle the issue. Long story short: any time someone purports to "solve" an environmental issue by burning more carbon, it is not a real solution.

[@killcat1971]

It's burning gas that started life as carbon in food, it's carbon neutral.

[@m2heavyindustries378]

It's methane, calling it 'gas' confuses/muddles it with the stuff that goes in cars and natural gas from a well. If you want to talk about purporting and muddling the issue start with your own comment.

[@andrewhall908]

@@m2heavyindustries378 irrelevant to carbon emissions. If it's carbon based, it's the same in the it needs to stop.

[@supreetsahu1964]

@@killcat1971 true. Fossil fuels are problematic because we are releasing carbon that was locked away underground. That is not the case for biogas.

[@sidremus]

The arrogance of declaring that a solution to the waste water treatment would only be acceptable if it's "economically viable" is sickening. You create a mess, then you clean it up. If it costs a lot to clean up, well, maybe that should've occurred to you sooner...

[@caracrabtree715]

Noting the largest piece of the methane pie was enteric fermentation, cows aren't supposed to eat corn. Also should switch back to many smaller scale ranches and small independent processing ad distribution. Because of consolidation were ruining our food and health.

[@Tagbadger3]

Many of the farms in the story are already small. The issue is the concentration of the animals on the small farms. It likely isn’t economical to have fewer animals, and they’d have to compensate with owning larger land if they reduced the concentration, which in turn means more expensive meat. It’s all give-and-take. Now we need to decide what costs we’re willing to accept.

[@ivyyoung521]

@@Tagbadger3 In CA the bacon is going way up. We will not have any pork product from bad farming. This should be world wide, not just here in the states.

[@Tinky1rs]

Grass also leads to enteric methane production in cows, perhaps even more as they'd need to eat more of it for a longer period of time to reach slaughter weight.

[@WhatIsMisophonia]

YES WE KNOW THAT, god... You can find that info anywhere. What's oddly not being mentioned almost anywhere is just how much methane these lagoons produce overall; Everyone just skips over it for some reason. I've only found one source that mentioned it so far, and supposedly even though some two thirds of methane from livestock is from enteric ch4, another third is produced by these cesspools. Seriously, why are local governments not taking care of this when there are solutions?!

[@alyssonmachado1254]

I had no idea this problem was that serious, great documentary!

[@domramsey]

How is it even legal to keep animals like that?

[@Tustin2121]

Lobbyists

[@s-statik]

Because it makes money because you are buying it

[@Catofminerva]

Billions of people choose to eat these animals. To meet that demand while making any sort of profit, animals in farms have to be treated like commodities.

[@domramsey]

@@Catofminerva No. No they don't. Look at the farming standards in the rest of the world, especially Europe. Plus, there's plenty of evidence to show that meat just tastes better when animals are less stressed. You of course are free to eat whatever you like. But it is incorrect to suggest that cramming animals into sheds is the only way to do it profitably.

[@Catofminerva]

@@domramsey Cramming farm animals into cages is not banned in the EU. You are delusional if you think there’s enough land and capital to sustain what you’re calling for. You know what would be a good solution though? Stop making those demands with your wallet. Every animal is bred into existence to be killed prematurely for your 5 second taste pleasure, even in the ‘humane’ farm in the world.

[@lovetoliveandlaugh]

Also...phase out factory farming altogether. It harms the ppl who live nearby, it makes the lives of the animals worse, the conditions can't be good for those who work there either.

[@LeviVillarreal]

*phase out ALL animal agriculture. There is no reason to exploit animals and cause unneeded suffering in modern society

[@LeviVillarreal]

@HunterBidensCrackPipe Not true, raising animals for meat is terribly inefficient, and most plants farmed (at least in the US) go towards animal feed. if animal agriculture didn't exist, we could feed much more people at a significantly lower cost, both economically and environmentally.

[@travisjohnson6558]

@@LeviVillarreal *no reason except for reducing the food shortage while simultaneously improving the soil quality through regenerative agriculture.

[@LeviVillarreal]

@@travisjohnson6558 animal agriculture is usually devastating for the environment, and is currently the main cause for deforestation. Not saying plant agriculture can’t also hurt the environment, but it is definitely much better, plus it doesn’t directly cause animal suffering +death! Also, I’m copying my comment from above, re: food shortage: Not true, raising animals for meat is terribly inefficient, and most plants farmed (at least in the US) go towards animal feed. if animal agriculture didn't exist, we could feed much more people at a significantly lower cost, both economically and environmentally.

[@m2heavyindustries378]

Omg factory farming is bad ppl hashtag go vegan. What a hoot of a comment.

[@kimaya.3563]

my old neighborhood had pig farms too, and they disposed of the waste into rivers which is really nasty and it always smells so bad

[@nunya___]

Vox's reporting has improved 200% over recent years. Excellent work! 💖

[@nate_kang]

I like how this video shows the sides of both the non-farmers who are affected negatively by the waste problem as well as of the individual farmers who are powerless to stop the problem that the industry at-large- that is, the *corporations* - has created because they can’t afford to really do anything about it

[@jeanbrandt2624]

I live in Iowa, we consider hog poop an asset, especially as the price of synthetic fertilizer has recently gone up drastically. Farmers are required to have enough land to dispose of the waste before building a new facility. Waste must be worked into the soil immediately. Doesn’t smell like lilacs while the waste is being applied, but the smell goes away pretty quickly.

[@user-kv1po2dm5j]

i live here too, and i 100% agree.

[@bryantanderson430]

Why don't you just eat the poop?

[@TimChuma]

Any industrial farming has this problem. Has caused big problems with fertiliser runoff onto the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the dairy industry in New Zealand and the sea farming of salmon in Tasmania.

[@cononthegreat806]

Good video and good job showing both sides of the story and not villianizing the farmers while also emphasizing the flaw in the system. Vox makes some of the best videos

[@DSNCB919]

I live in Raleigh but work down east some days you can smell it all out side of the manufacturing facility I work at depending on how the wind blows

[@dymondkittync]

Agreed. I live in Raleigh but there are so many areas I visit and you can always tell that hog farm smell 🤢

[@shay8916]

My family is a from this area in NC. Hyde county. It really smells like hogs everywhere. And most people in my family have well and the water taste so horrible. The water smells like poop. I rarely visit because of the smell

[@TesserId]

3:38 "...coastal flood plain." Well, be interesting to see how rising sea levels affect that.

[@TheRealSykx]

what could go wrong

[@tysonmcjunkin708]

Most of the area is high enough above sea level that sea level rise wont directly effect it. Increased flooding from hurricanes absolutely will be a problem though. In 2018 when Hurricane Florence hit the area, floods washed thousands of tons of hog waste into the Cape Fear river and made the ocean near the mouth of the river dangerous to swim in, as well as giant algal blooms that can choke out marine life. We're probably going to see a lot more of this in the future.

[@ernstschmidt4725]

well you can see it when hurricanes hit the coast.

[@prata1019]

BTW, Enteric Fermentation is another name for livestock body processes (so 36% of America's pollution problems are directly a result of animal agriculture).

[@realmountainman]

the chart was for methane emissions not total pollution but you still have a good point

[@TheRealSykx]

apparently a certain kind of seaweed can all but eliminate cow burps (methane) with only ~1% of their diet, hopefully that gets going soon

[@XxBloodSteamxX]

I'm sure fining those companies less than 5% of their yearly income will surely be the move that gets them to act right.

[@Bishka100]

They would not get away with it in Europe... I'm so glad I don't live in the USA.

[@bibidiboop5697]

I first went vegan 7 years ago and I still keep finding out more and more reasons why it was the right choice!

[@knottyheadrich5887]

I live in North Carolina. Smithfield packing is one of the largest hog processing plants in the world. It does affect the local residents.

[@stapleman007]

Basically everyone in the video gets their money from pigs, one way or another.

[@vvav]

Before watching this video, I'm immediately assuming that it's another case where a business externalizes the costs for society to bear while privatizing the profits. Because THAT'S never happened in the United States before...

[@bw2020]

Decentralized, regenerative agriculture is the answer

[@FowlorTheRooster1990]

Permaculture too.

[@MrJcalvino]

God bless Greg and Salatin

[@grmpEqweer]

Yes. That will produce less meat. ...I actually think a lot of meat isn't healthy for most people.

[@TheRealSykx]

@@grmpEqweer it's not, it increases your risk of heart disease and strokes

[@sandeepprasad8353]

"Clear water is not black and white issue, it's a human issue" Dude is right...

[@podbites_snippets]

The fact that youtube gives me Uber eats ads on this video is hilarious

[@PRDreams]

Mine was a Heineken 0.0, which is the best non-alcoholic beer ever made. It taste like the original and I'm all about it.

[@kaijab615]

Hello! Great Video highlighting ag waste and its problems! I actually study ag/bio engineering at NC state and have worked on a research project involving nutrient recovery and Recyling for hog waste. A couple of things about hog waste and NC. 1. I appreciated the fact that it was included that most hog producers in NC want to change, but can't due to financial hardship. Too often when assessing the major problems of hog waste management in eastern NC, it's the producers that are demonized. Most hog growers in NC are contract producers. To put it more bluntly than the video this means that the ONLY things that the farmer actually owns are the buildings on the property and the waste. Like it was pointed out, the cost of waste management falls on the grower, even though it is the property of the corporation (the actual hog) that produce the waste. Really the reason for the Nitrogen and phosphorus issues in NC comes from the fact that we are taking in N and P from the midwestern states. NC does have one of the highest productions of hogs in the nation but we are very very low in crop production. In fact, there are not enough crop fields in NC to feed the large population of hogs. Because of these most hog feed comes from the Midwest. This feed is the origin of N and P in hog waste. Corn grown in the Midwest removes N and P from the soil, is transported across the country and released back into the environment as hog waste in NC. In reality the most sustainable system would be to send the hog waste BACK to the Midwest so that it can replenish the soil, rather than the extracted N and P to be brought back to the soil via the spreading of synthetic fertilizers. But again the problem of that is economics. I also wanted to highlight that at 15:36 when she talks about how "they have made billions of dollars of these communities" this is the industrial Hog COMPANIES, NOT individual producers. And it should be these profiting companies that should have to take on the financial burden of implementing any of the dozens of sustainable hog waste management technologies and practices that have devolved in the last 30 years. 2. the reason that in NC hog waste is sprayed onto fields as more of a waste disposal method rather than for fertilization is because NC has WAY more hog producers than it does crop producers. In NC so much hog waste is produced that it would be impossible to dispose of all the hog waste on to crop fields. Thats why hog lagoons (and the problems they cause) are more prevalent in NC than mid-west hog producing states. There you have large scale crop farming near(ish) to hog producers, so spraying crop fields is actually a feasible, and useful, disposal method. 3. you actually can reduce ammonia volatilization in hog lagoons, but to do so you have to get the ph suuuper low (like 2 or 3) and it would be super expensive to get pH's that low. Also you then just have extremely acidic hog lagoons (can hold thousands of gallons), which can be as much of a problem as the raw waste.

[@Maklaka]

It's just incredibly depressing how complicated and intractable the negative externalities of concentrated industrial activity are. Nearly every Vox and Vice News report on the environment and industry can be reduced to that concept. By concentrating industrial activity, we save so much money and share the fruits of that efficiency with the whole nation/globe. Yet, we impart expenses on the local residents that are huge, unwieldy and tragic. The tension between "buy local / expensive" and "Buy cheap / expensive to someone else" is an economic and human reality that seems unsolvable. How can we spread negative externalities more tolerably thin while keeping costs low? What combination of genius and political will can help us achieve that? Is the transition even possible when so many entrenched powerful interests have a bigger say in our world than the general populace? What if the impacted parties are largely (as is often the case) a minority group that the rest of the populace doesn't even care to consider? That's not a coincidence, is it? Yet, are environmental problems reeeeaaally solved much better when white people are impacted? Better, sure, but acceptably better? It's a lot to think about...and it's super demoralizing. It serves to remind us that everything humans do is a shot in the dark. We're all doing our best to primarily benefit ourselves and even if we wanted to do better -- we don't even have the mental capacity to plan ahead and do something right the first time around.

[@stapleman007]

It's not that complicated. If humans live in dense population regions, their waste is treated before the resulting water is dumped into the river / lake. Note that this can actually IMPROVE the river water quality, because the treated water is superior to the natural water. Historical note, this has only started to be done since the 1950's. Same thing applies to hog waste, but no one wants to spend money on solutions, they want the lawsuit money to buy church steeples.

[@grendelsmomsboyfriend]

If dogs were kept in conditions such as those pigs are kept in, people would freak out.

[@cpcastar]

Thank you ... They made sure not to address the cruelty of the industry .... it's easy to control waste... stop buying what they are selling... I would bet a huge percentage of the folks complaining ... still buy the products... they want it .. they just don't want it by them...

[@karolinakuc4783]

Pigs despite being inteligent beings don't make good pets. Maybe that's why

[@rudylikestowatch]

Right away I thought of Mad Max:Thunder Dome. SIMPLE. But as the farmer said, bio gas production doesn't eliminate the other environmental issues.

[@ztac_dex]

Imagine living in 2022 and your country never adopted biogas (methane from animal waste) plants

[@farmsim_usa9235]

When Smithfield pays for the installation, I'm all for it.

[@ScytheNoire]

Confined animal farms should be illegal. They are not only cruel, but destructive to the environment and our health. Punishment cannot be fines, but prison time for those who own and run these disgusting places.

[@codelunatic]

Hight time ppl hunted animals they want to eat, how dare they sit in offices and expect to eat animal protein

[@reidclagett4359]

The is one of the many reasons why my family switched from rasing hogs to cattle in the 80's, we had pasture raised hogs for over 30 years but the industry basically made everyone switch to confinement buildings.

[@Nardo_stpierre]

I’ve lived in North Carolina my whole life and I didn’t know we where one of the largest producer of pork. I see chicken trucks and chicken farms all the time but I have never seen a big farm. I constantly see Tyson trucks driving around but have never seen Smithfield trucks ever.

[@JohnSmith-eo5sp]

You don't remember that ecological disaster from about twenty years ago when heavy rains overflowed those pigshit lagoons - - and flooded out to the ocean where it caused an algal bloom that killed all the fish in the coastal area? Boy that was a run on sentence :-)

[@Nardo_stpierre]

@@JohnSmith-eo5sp I honestly don’t 😂

[@ricardoxavier827]

If the waste be on corporations responsibility, they will centralize all waste and create a fertilizer business. Fertilizer industry, are much more economically efficient to be at corporation scale, than to be local producer scale.

[@cillyhoney1892]

Farmers need to band together and demand that the corporation amends their contracts for the corporation to take care of the waste produced. Also they need more humane conditions for the animals. Living on a concrete floor in a steel box surrounded by fences is no way for any creature to live especially intelligent animals like pigs. They need outdoor space and fresh air and room to move.

[@miker7032]

Vox has consistently been one of the best media channels on KZbin

[@stapleman007]

All these problems detailed in the video have well tested solutions. Dealing with human waste is not much different than hog waste. And so I ask, "Where the **** is all this lawsuit money going?" Instead of using it to solve the problem, people will put up with the problem as long as they get their cut of the money. At which point I have zero sympathy for any of this.

[@howdy111]

Great job vox. This is journalism at it's finest. A bridge between people and the government. Letting govt know what they should be doing by giving incentives, loans. Hope this problem finds the solution, coz otherwise it will seriously affect local people generations.

[@ksasidhar2980]

the amount of struggles the meat companies make just to make it cheaper than crops, trust me people plants are much more efficient to grow and consume them

[@frawich4253]

Whenever I watch videos like this I always think to myself: ok we've got similar problems here in Germany too, but the US just takes these problems and multiply them by ten.... I don't get why they do that though

[@Yeahyeah116]

We multiply them by four…because we’re four times bigger. Plus, maybe Germany is not the best country to lecture the world about creating problems? You folks don’t exactly have the best track record.

[@thomaslong8448]

@@Yeahyeah116 they now have a higher life expectancy than u.s.

[@MrAyrit]

I live in Iowa in a very highly pork-populated county. We have lots of issues related to this. Our water quality is terrible. Please, consider coming and doing a follow up piece in Iowa.

[@LilyWinchester]

Doing an essay and using this as one of my sources.

[@Jly531]

It is very sad that this is happening, thank you very much for the information

[@bridgettewood1713]

We used to live in Duplin County, and yes your right on everything!😉 we don't live in NC anymore, Missouri is our home now hog free!😉

[@jodyaugust5087]

Most of the problems between global warming antibiotic resistant bacterias and diseases come from farming in animals but we're all going to complain if we can't eat meat three meals a day and portions bigger than any other food on our plate this is more than just a pig problem and stuff like that this is a meat problem people learn to eat meals without meat and only once in awhile ate it or learn to use it much less we would solve a lot of these issues or at least have less I don't expect people to become vegetarians like I did but really look at what's on your plate if you're complaining about these problems

[@shadow0-x2x]

This is a problem I am currently facing , there is a big farm near my neighborhood and they release these waste daily . Right on time for the dinner , the moment you take a bite your house is filled with pig smell and you can not go out now. God there are kids and newborns here. I really hope this problem goes away without any problem for any of the party involved.

[@scott.ebusiness]

One solution would be to use a tank to separate the solids and then use the liquid in a hydroponics system. You would have to adapt this solution but as the water only ever touches the root the produce should be safe to eat

[@Fireclaws10]

Hydroponics is expensive

[@scott.ebusiness]

@@Fireclaws10 yes but productive, the initial cost could be the biggest hurdle but interest free loans (either government or from big pork producers) would solve that. In addition it’d provide a lot of employment. Do something along the lines of what the Netherlands does but using hog waste. If it was feasible the biggest issue I’d see would be too much demand for farm labour so it may need to be staggered to allow the labour force to catch up…. Unless unemployment is high in the area and then bingo

[@Yeahyeah116]

@@scott.ebusiness the process to separate solids is extraordinarily expensive. Hydroponics is 5-7 times more expensive than conventionally grown food.

[@pteechka1]

Hydroponic crops are not inherently more expensive, but the higher upfront cost means the farmers will concentrate on more valuable crops (strawberry over potato, ex)

[@9mmshort254]

Thanks for the arrows in the thumbnail, I didn't know where poop comes from

[@peterwarner553]

OMG, why do they literally turn a potentially lucrative income stream into an environmental disaster? As noted in the video animal waste makes awesome fertiliser, properly treated the pig waste could produce tens of thousands of tons of valuable fertiliser.

[@ernstschmidt4725]

apparently the logistics of manure industry aren't profitable enough for the meat companies. biogas production seems more profitable at the moment. though afaik you can get both products with a well designed production system.

[@Yeahyeah116]

@@ernstschmidt4725 You want to know what the problem is for biogas production? The farms aren’t big enough. To make the projects feasible, the farms need to be bigger….much bigger than the average size farm. There are only a handful of farms in the country that are big enough for this to make sense. Even then, they have to be close to pipelines because 95% of the profit is selling carbon credits because the gas is worth very little.

[@crimsonghost4107]

I live in NC, thanks for talking about this issue!

[@gabriellabrune3377]

The pain and suffering of these pigs in their short lives radiates outwards in many ways - racism, environmental degradation, and human health problems. We can’t escape the consequences of our actions.

[@aboutjulian]

Great episode! The big issue is that this industry is subsidized… which means tax payers are paying them, and having them saying they can’t afford to spend more is such an irony. Either we stop subsidize or they take care of their sh**(literally)

[@hurrytoworry]

Exactly. Most people wouldn't even be able to afford meat on a regular basis if it wasnt subsidized. The government is purposelly supporting these industries while fully aware of the negative effect they have on the environment, and on people and other animals living in those environments. Then again industrial farmers will pay off politicians and legislators and anyone they can to falsify evidence etc. Its all corrupt to the core.

[@Yeahyeah116]

The livestock industry is very minimally subsidized. You can argue that they benefit from lower feed costs due to massive subsidies paid to crop farmers, but so do every other use.

[@MyKnifeJourney]

Pig farmers don't know or didn't know about the waste problem? Why allow contracts where waste is not addressed. Require the contracts to contain waste treatment clauses that require Smithfield deal with the waste.

[@TheRealSykx]

that would require a government that actually does things to benefit the people

[@robinwallas437]

In the report about hog farm spraying slurry causing health hazzards, they forgot to mention the added chemical toxification of the land, water and food grown on the chem soaked and steralised land.

[@velcoin]

Oh the places you’ll go surfing KZbin at 6 in the morning!

[@GD-mw1kd]

Be glad KZbin can't carry the smells

[@velcoin]

@@GD-mw1kd You can say that again. 😂

[@MadeByMeny]

State/Federal governments should force the bigger companies to foot the bill to help save the environment. If everyone is dead who will you sell your pork to?

[@triadwarfare]

Ironically, this is not a problem in the Philippines by just making hog farming small scale. It's inefficient, but it makes things more manageable. However, every other house in the province has a small pig farm and it could be unsightly. But who cares as they're not the ones making money.

[@ADobbin1]

If people used manure as fertilizer instead of the synthetic stuff then this goes from a problem to a source of revenue for the hog farmers. Problem is far too many municipalities ban manure use to protect the water from the run off. The problem with manure slurry is that it is green and has been untreated.

[@stevebulbowmd7142]

I have a Patent Pending solution on the way for this specific problem. It helps eliminate G.H. gases on two fronts AND it actually make/save money doing this process.

[@TimothyTeo]

Any links that I can read about this solution?

[@Pat_KraPao]

Does it in any way involve bitcoin mining?

[@TanmayChaudhary-lk3ex]

🤣

[@stevebulbowmd7142]

@@TimothyTeo No link. It´s currently under patenting process & I can´t divulge the trade secrets just yet. Have been doing this for 7 1/2 years. Highly efficient & it´s saved me a lot of money!

[@stevebulbowmd7142]

@@Pat_KraPao Nothing to do with Bitcoin. The process not only gets rid of pig waste before it starts to decompose, it also helps the environment(on TWO fronts), the soil & underground water reserves. During the whole process(& depending on what side of the process you´re on), you´re either making or saving money!...& helping the planet & food sustainability.

[@SDKwarrior]

have to say lagoon is such a cool sounding word, including the goo lagoon. really need a new name for the pig poo ponds

[@goodpocky2]

I haven't ate meat in a year now and was literally just thinking of succumbing to eating a bowl of pork ramen... But this reminded me why not to...

[@abbykagari1972]

Again, excellent journalism. I’m always blown away

[@celestesenters1052]

Feeding seaweed to livestock reduces methane significantly. Seaweed farming is a new industry and should be revolutionary

[@merrymachiavelli2041]

Not too sure about that in this case - the study that found that was looking specifically at the effect of seaweed on emissions form cattle digestion (farts and burps). Pigs aren't ruminants so they don't have same level of methane production from digestion. More importantly, the methane here is being emitted from decomposition not fermentation within the animal's stomach - I'd be happy to be corrected, but I imagine lakes of animal waste produce similar levels of methane no matter what they were fed. But regardless, there are over 2 billion livestock animals in the world. Growing enough seaweed to feed even a fraction of them would require a _massive_ shift towards seaweed production, which doesn't seem practical.

[@Mystro256]

I don't think this affects pigs since the methane emissions come from the waste, not via digestion. Seaweed would only help the latter (digestion).

[@noclafcz]

The 2000 agreement is a real fun and I don't know why you didn't point out the clear caveat - how ANY high tech can be cheaper or the same price (i.e. "economically feasible") than just letting the waste lie on a ground and spray it to the field? That was just an easy escape for the meat industry.

[@ernstschmidt4725]

tech improvements are supossed to be economically feasible when either it reduces costs or increase income, creating profits. in this case most pig waste solutions don't reduce costs but are a way to make an income from waste. either as manure, biogas or both.

[@sskullnox]

Build less of the expensive sludge facilities and build pipeline across all the farms that take the waste to the facilities placed in strategic points. You can build a few at a time and see how it goes.

[@mikechrys4044]

Those last words are very wise and this is the story with every problem of this nature.

[@GordonSeal]

Solution: Stop eating animals, and go with lab-grown meat if you can't live without it. Better for the animals, better for the environment, better for the humans ... but not so good for the profits of a few corporations which thrive on exploitation.

[@jameshaydel4203]

Read a similar story about this about 40 years ago. Listeria was the problem if i remember correctly, polluting the streams. Nothing changes.

[@AU-cs6er]

I see a lot of people here say overly simple and radical solutions like "stop eating meat" or "go vegan". But, what if the majority of people turn to a plant-based diet, do you think there would be no foreseeable environmental and/or health concerns at all?

[@raynor582]

One thing stands out: you have to get in an airplane to know they are there. The NCDNR regulates the manure system second only to nuclear waste--no way the farms are a sizable source of pollution. Sincerely a Duplin County resident.

[@createed692]

I searched KZbin with the terms "feces to gas fuel" and got plenty of recent videos on biofuels including one on cattle farm in california

[@tinayoga8844]

Sure. But at what cost? There is no incentive to move to a more expensive option. As has been stated in the program, the site farmer is responsible for the disposal.

[@createed692]

@@tinayoga8844 cost? I am suggesting selling the wastes for money. the high density of farms in the state turns out to be advantageous for a few large fuel plants. collaboration of approximately twenty farms to sell the wastes to one intermediate processing plants(reduce logistics required). and many intermediate processing plants can sell to a final larger fuel plant. a few sets of such processing per state to generate additional income from waste propose this to a banker for financing to get an idea of feasibility

[@expansivegymnast1020]

This was one of the best videos y'all have ever made.

[@hillmanhung3846]

Question, who provided the sprayer? Did the farmers build it themselves or was it supplied to them by some company?

[@zorkmid1083]

Most likely supplied. There are probably vendors who provide this, since there are a lot of pig farms.

[@williambutler1644]

The farmer/contract grower is required to furnish and pay for all of the spray field equipment. Our system at Butler Farms LLC consists of a John Deere 4 cyl diesel-fueled engine, a high-pressure Rainbow pump, (130 to 140 psi @ 180 to 200 gallons per minute), an Irrigation reel with 900 feet 0f 3" hose, 10,000' of underground pipe with outlet hydrants to connect the irrigation reel.