Pipa Concerto “Rama” 琵琶協奏曲《羅摩》 राम by WANG Chenwei 王辰威

Pipa Concerto “Rama” 琵琶協奏曲《羅摩》 राम by WANG Chenwei 王辰威 | 琵琶：梁家寧指揮：葉和中臺灣國樂團

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The “Rāmāyaṇa” retold through music of the Pipa and Chinese orchestra 琵琶與國樂團演繹印度史詩《羅摩衍那》
本影像由臺灣國樂團提供 Video courtesy of the National Chinese Orchestra Taiwan
琵琶協奏曲《羅摩》取材於兩千年前的印度史詩《羅摩衍那》。琵琶獨奏扮演了主人翁羅摩的角色，隨著樂隊的伴奏與梵文詩詞的念誦，通過三個樂章演繹故事中的幾個重大事件。
一、《阿逾陀篇》：年邁國王宣布讓位給太子羅摩，阿逾陀城的民眾歌頌著羅摩的美德，准備加冕典禮。宮廷內卻醞釀著陰謀：非羅摩生母的王后（由板胡代表）為了讓自己的親生子繼位，脅迫老國王發配羅摩到森林裡十四年。老國王被逼無奈，悲痛不已。羅摩為使父王不失信義，甘願被放逐，羅摩之妻和弟弟自願陪同流放。市民們依依不舍地送走三人。
二、《森林篇》：高胡的淒美旋律是羅摩之妻悉達的主題。羅摩與悉達的主題對位性的交融表現了夫妻間的恩愛。他們在森林裡過著簡單平靜的生活。有一天，一隻奇妙的金鹿出現在他們屋前。悉達被迷住了，叫羅摩趕緊抓住它。金鹿引著羅摩越跑越遠，直到羅摩拔箭射中它，使它原形畢露--原來那是隻妖怪偽裝的（由嗩吶代表）。妖怪模仿羅摩的嗓音高聲呼救（由樂隊中的琵琶代表），以從悉達身邊引走羅摩的弟弟。此時，毫無防衛的悉達單獨留在屋中。當羅摩發現中計趕回屋子，悉達已經不見蹤影。
三、《戰斗篇》：羅摩與猴國的盟軍進攻楞伽島（斯里蘭卡）解救被囚禁的悉達，與十首魔王的軍隊（由吹管組代表）激烈交戰。最后，羅摩以一支神箭射殺了魔王。羅摩與悉達團圓，而此時正是流放期滿，羅摩回國登基，阿逾陀城進入太平盛世。
王辰威於2016年創作的《羅摩》由琵琶演奏家蔡友國委託並首演。
附加信息：
• 琵琶獨奏的定弦為 AEEA，即 D 弦調高到 E
• 羅摩主題的節奏來自於梵文詩詞的 anuṣṭubh 韻律
“Rama” is a Pipa concerto inspired by the “Rāmāyaṇa”, an Indian epic in Sanskrit that has profoundly influenced the culture and performing arts of South Asia and Southeast Asia for over 2,000 years. The Pipa solo portrays the protagonist, Rāma, with the orchestra accompanying and chanting Sanskrit verses to depict the main events of the story across three movements.
I. Book of Ayodhya (Ayodhya Kāṇḍa)
The piece opens in a festive mood as Ayodhya city prepares for the coronation of prince Rāma, whom the old king has just appointed to succeed him. As the people sing praises of Rāma's virtues, queen Kaikeyī (represented by the Banhu), who is not Rāma's birth mother, invokes two boons granted to her by the king long ago-demanding Rāma's exile for 14 years and the coronation of her own son. The king is devastated but cannot break his word. Rāma calmly accepts her demands to uphold the king’s honour. Rāma’s wife and brother choose to join him in exile, while the citizens reluctantly bid farewell to the trio.
II. Book of the Forest (Araṇya Kāṇḍa)
The Gaohu’s lyrical, bittersweet melody represents Sītā, Rāma’s wife. The themes of Rāma and Sītā interact in counterpoint, expressing their love. One day, their peaceful life in the forest is disrupted by the appearance of a beautiful golden deer, represented by the Chinese flute. Sītā is mesmerised and asks Rāma to capture the deer. It leads him further and further away until Rāma finally shoots it, revealing its true form as a demon, represented by the Suona. The demon imitates Rāma’s voice and calls out for help (represented by the Pipa in the orchestra), thus luring Rāma’s brother away from Sītā, leaving her defenceless. Rāma realises the ploy and rushes back to his forest hut, only to find that Sītā has already vanished.
III. Book of War (Yuddha Kāṇḍa)
Rāma and his allies from the monkey kingdom track Sītā to the island of Lanka (present-day Sri Lanka), where she is held captive by the ten-headed demon king Ravana, represented by the wind instruments. Rāma and Ravana’s armies engage in a fierce battle, culminating in Rāma firing a magical arrow that kills Ravana. Rāma and Sītā are reunited and return to Ayodhya, where they are welcomed by elated citizens. With his exile now complete, Rāma ascends the throne and rules over a prosperous kingdom of virtuous people.
“Rama” was composed by Wang Chenwei in 2016 as a commission from Pipa soloist Chua Yew Kok, who also premiered the concerto.
Trivia:
• The Pipa is tuned to AEEA in this piece instead of the usual ADEA
• The rhythm of Rama’s theme is derived from the anuṣṭubh meter of Sanskrit poetry
Sanskrit verses and translations: 梵文诵词及翻譯：
wangchenwei.wo...
琵琶协奏曲《羅摩》（臺灣首演）
作曲：王辰威
演奏：臺灣國樂團
指挥：葉和中
琵琶：梁家寧
音乐会：《星聚點》
2018-03-21 臺北市國家音樂廳
Pipa Concerto “Rama” (Taiwan Premiere)
Composer: WANG Chenwei
National Chinese Orchestra Taiwan
Conductor: Ho Chung YEH
Pipa: LIANG Chia-Ning
Concert: Convergence of Stars
2018-03-21 National Concert Hall, Taipei