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Water softener resin is the material that is necessary for the ion exchange process, which removes hard water minerals from your water
Small, spherical resin beads are packed in a “bed” inside the tank of a water softener. The resin beads hold a negative charge that will attract any positively charged ions. To perform their role in the water softening process, the resin beads are pre-loaded with a coating of positively charged sodium ions before they are packed into the water softener resin bed.
The calcium and magnesium ions in hard water are also positively charged by nature. When supply water flows through the water softener tank and resin bed, the hardness ions knock the sodium ions off the resin beads and attach to the resin in their place. The sodium ions are then released into the water.
Once all of the resin beads are completely covered with hardness ions, the water softener needs to have a way to get rid of the calcium and magnesium it captured, in order to continue collecting more. That is when regeneration occurs.
During regeneration, the water softener flushes out the hardness mineral ions using a brine solution that is created when salt, or sodium chloride, is added to the water softener. The positive charge of the resin is strong enough to break apart the sodium chloride compound as the salt water passes by, replenishing the sodium layer back onto the resin bead so they are ready to begin the ion exchange process again.