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We need to reform our financial system if we want to make houses affordable again.
How our financial sector is regulated is a very important but poorly understood topic.
Changes to the way our financial sector was regulated had very serious and detrimental impacts to our country, albeit it has taken a number of decades for these impacts to be felt.
Clearly this topic is a question of degree. You don’t too much regulation but at the same time you don’t want reckless behaviour that ends up in markets crashing or an uneven playing field.
Three areas where financial deregulation failed in the 1980’s are:
1) The complete lifting of capital controls. In 1985, the major banks had $8 billion in foreign debt. By 2008 the major banks had $800 billion in foreign debt. Most of this money was lent against housing causing house prices to rise to 12/13 times average earnings up from 4/5 times earnings. This meant two parents had to go back to work which created the institutionalised child care sector. This is turn lead to a decline in education levels.
2) Derivatives no longer had to be hedged. This meant that financial speculators (using your superannuation) sitting in their inner city ivory palaces could control the price of commodities and metals rather than producers and consumers. This caused greater volatility in the markets and drove smaller players out of the market allowing big players to get a larger share of the market and ultimately profits. Many of these players were foreigners who displaced Australian producers.
3) State banks were allowed to engage in merchant banking. This was reckless to say the least. As a result, both the State Bank of Victoria and SA collapsed because they were allowed to engage in high risk lending that a decade before was not allowed.
In summary, we need to restrict how much foreign capital banks can borrow and stop speculative derivative trading.
If a public bank is created it should never be allowed to engage in high risk lending.