Welcome to Cosmology and its Fundamental Observations

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Errata: at 39:10, I mis-spoke, they were at Bell Labs in Holmdell, not Princeton. Please watch the updated version here; kzbin.info/www/bejne/rZumoZusnKiXoaM

[@ElectricEric2030]

00:03 🎵 Introduction to Cosmology 00:45 📊 Measuring the Universe 02:12 📚 Introduction to the Textbook 03:22 🔍 Units of Measurement 09:55 🕰 Cosmological Time Scales and Units of Energy and Power 11:42 ⭐ Astronomical Units of Energy and Distance 12:20 🔍 The Importance of Small Scales in Cosmology 16:42 📊 Fundamental Constants in Cosmology 19:37 🤖 Introduction to Plon Units 20:06 💡 Understanding Plon Units 23:00 📊 Geometrization of the Universe 25:03 🌠 Brief History of Cosmology 29:46 🌟 Ancient Greek Cosmology and the Sun-Centered Universe 30:40 🌟 The Rise of Modern Astronomy and the Challenge to Geocentrism 31:20 🌟 The Development of Newton's Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation 34:00 🌟 The Discovery of Stellar Parallax and the Measurement of Distance 35:20 🌟 The Development of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity 37:00 🌟 The Discovery of the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory 39:51 🚀 The Discovery of the Accelerating Universe 41:28 🌠 The Golden Age of Observational Cosmology 43:15 🌃 Oler's Paradox and the Night Sky 50:38 🌠 Calculating the Number of Stars in a Cylinder 52:41 🌠 The Distance We Can See 54:04 🌠 The Brightness of the Paved Sky 59:21 🌠 Assumptions and Limitations 01:09:31 🤖 Isotropy and Homogeneity in the Universe 01:14:02 🛡 Observations of Isotropy and Homogeneity 01:16:15 🔭 The Cosmic Microwave Background and Isotropy 01:18:40 🚀 Density of the Universe 01:20:20 🌐 Homogeneity and Isotropy of the Universe 01:23:20 🌠 The Cosmological Principle and the Steady State Model 01:25:20 🌟 The Specialness of Humanity and the Universe 01:28:00 🙏 Introduction and Context 01:29:21 📚 Chapter 2: Red Shift 01:34:09 🔍 The Discovery of Red Shift 01:46:22 🚀 Cosmological Principle and Hubble's Law 01:51:08 📏 Expansion of Space and Scale Factor 01:53:01 🚀 Hubble Parameter and Velocity 01:55:59 🤖 Hubble Time and its Significance 01:57:21 ⭐ Oldest Stars and their Metallicity 01:59:24 🌠 Globular Clusters and their Ages 02:00:05 🤔 Population 3 Stars and Binary Systems 02:01:00 🕰 Hubble Time and the Expansion of the Universe 02:02:10 🔍 The Hubble Parameter and the Expansion of the Universe 02:05:20 🔭 Ober's Paradox and the Age of the Universe 02:07:06 🚀 The Steady State Model and the Big Bang 02:09:07 📊 Mathematics of the Steady State Model 02:11:10 🌐 The Volume of the Universe and the Steady State Model 02:13:12 🚫 The Big Bang Prevails 02:14:47 🔭 The Steady State Model and the Big Bang Theory 02:16:40 🌐 The Nature of the Big Bang and the Cosmic Horizon 02:20:08 🔍 The Redshift and the Big Bang Theory 02:22:20 📚 Introduction to Chapter 2 of Barbara Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology 02:24:38 🤖 Fermions, Bosons, and Quarks 02:30:16 💼 Qu and Hadrons 02:32:09 ⏰ Protons and Neutrons 02:33:43 🌠 The Building Blocks of the Universe 02:41:46 🤔 The Mass of Neutrinos 02:42:40 🤖 Photons and their Properties 02:47:03 🔥 Black Body Spectrum and Energy Density 02:50:22 📊 Number Density of Photons and the Cosmic Microwave Background 02:51:43 🌟 Photons and the Sun 02:53:07 🔮 Dark Matter 02:59:05 🔮 Properties of Dark Matter 03:01:21 🤖 Introduction and Acknowledgments 03:03:35 💡 Properties of Light 03:05:00 🔍 Properties of Light (continued) 03:06:32 🚀 History of the Cosmic Microwave Background 03:10:55 🚀 The Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background 03:14:09 🔭 The Confirmation of the Big Bang Theory 03:16:25 📊 The WMAP Mission 03:29:40 🔥 Photon Creation and Annihilation 03:37:30 🌌 The Emergence of Matter and the Cosmic Microwave Background 03:39:06 🔭 The Cosmic Microwave Background and its Properties 03:39:20 🔭 Primordial Light Barrier and Recombination 03:41:27 📊 Deriving the Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thanks!

[@dielreis]

@@ElectricEric2030 hero

[@tysonngo8860]

@@ElectricEric2030 Thanksbdude

[@ilaysdalays]

Woke up while this was playing and I simply just watched everything bc it was too interesting

[@burgerpowder8]

LITERALLY SAME

[@morganseppy5180]

Thank you for providing higher education for free for anyone who wants to learn

[@SquidySSS]

Auto play brought me here

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Stay for the cookies.

[@SquidySSS]

@@JasonKendallAstronomer 🍪

[@NephiylusBaphson]

Same! It's like the fourth time I've ended up here. For some reason KZbin has decided that this video, Portal/Halflife lore and that one Hbombrrguy plagiarism video are just what I need at night. And it would be absolutely correct.

[@razercp9322]

@@NephiylusBaphson I always get professor Dave’s debunk videos when I gts

[@Varrothegoat]

@@SquidySSS mine did the info made me stay tho 😂😂

[@Tribecasoothsayer]

I’m in just a short amount. But I already realize This is an excellent presentation and I’m excited to listen to the rest. Thank you!

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@DrDeuteron]

This stuff is top notch. Perfect for layman, with technical accuracy and historic context, and that’s coming from a particular nuclear pro.

[@Truth_Teller_101]

If Jason Kendall had been my professor in college, I would have gotten an A in Astronomy instead of the C- I eeked away with.

[@victorhansson3410]

@@Truth_Teller_101i would've won a Nobel prize, or several.

[@Elegant-Capybara]

Thank you for your awesome work. While KZbin has awesome channels like PBS Space Time, Cool Worlds etc, they aren't structured. This will be invaluable for anyone trying to learn cosmology and Astronomy in a structured manner.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Glad you like them!

[@saultyops8612]

Who else left their KZbin on autopkay

[@ServoSambo]

Hi Jason. I’ve been listening to your lectures for many years and am so thankful you are so generous with your knowledge and time. Thank you.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

You are very welcome

[@theplinkerslodge6361]

To me, Dr. Kendall injects the right amount of wonder and enthusiasm into the topic that if you took a step or two back, everyone should be blown away by. Don't stop being amazed! The Universe is cookie crazy amazing, embrace that...

[@NephiylusBaphson]

I never would've thought to add magnitude prefixes to time units, but is completely reasonable at cosmic scales.

[@Bionic_Rob]

Hi Jason, been listening to you for awhile now. Also Dr Green and Dr Susskind from Stanford. You are blessed by God to have such a good mind and many other gifts. Loving your work on Cosmology and your approach to science in particular astronomy. From the quantum world to the macro universe. For me I'm filled with wonder and thankfulness to God for my life. So interesting to hear of the creation of elements, quantum fields, universal forces and the role they play in creation. Mind boggling isn't it? Look forwards to continuing to listen and watch your work and explanations. For me as I sit here and look out across the bay and listen to the birds, feel the breeze and the warmth of our Sun. I am so grateful to God and for his the salvation thru Jesus. Keep up the good work mate.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thanks!

[@stefanjanik3560]

Like all the other comments I am glad I found these. We need a Jason in Scotland teaching the public astronomy and cosmology.

[@esbenkran]

I feel like you can make a great book out of all this, Jason.

[@curryboi93]

Love having your videos on in the background. Space is so fascinating. I've been studying it as a hobby for a while and I'm sure your lessons will seep into my subconscious and deepen my understanding.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@ДенисПлахотя-о2ч]

I'm lucky to find such an interesting channel to dive in, thanks for invitation , it's an honor for me.

[@dexter8705]

Absolutely love your videos, one question about redshift and spacetime curvature, So distances increase hence spaghettification, so wether entering the gravitational field or leaving the gravitational field these distances increase. That's very prominent in a black holes gravitational field, so it's safe to assume these distances increase the same for a galaxies gravitational field? You would measure redshift because of this distance increase? I don't wanna call it expansion of distance/space because this is gravitational "expansion" of space and not "cosmological" expansion of space or redshift. So 2 rockets travelling one in front of the other at the same velocity/acceleration from our galaxy to the next galaxy the distance between the 2 rockets increase the entire trip leaving our galaxy and still increase distance entering the next galaxy, how is this not proof that this "expansion " is gravitational and not cosmological? I know there is a brief moment where these 2 rockets travelling parallel to a galaxy/gravitational field DIRECTLY perpendicular to the gravitational field the distance between the 2 rockets slightly decrease for a brief moment then the distance between the rockets go back to increasing. This is where I would say if you replace the rockets with light/photon/em wave, so where the distances increase in the gravitational field the light would be stretched/redshifted and where the distance is decreased perpendicular to the galaxy the light would be blue shifted for a brief moment. So for the trip light is being redshifted 99% of the time based only on gravity. Doesn't this imply a steady state model considering all that redshift was caused by gravity?

[@bohol_netherlands]

Love the first lecture. Thanks Jason, for sure will listen the others. Great way to fast gain insights for someone that just started on learning Cosmology / Astronomy.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thanks!

[@funkbungus137]

Oh boy, oh boy… what have I found here? Thank you for doing this!

[@mariabhan9545]

Hi! Just want to say, Your videos have given me SO MUCH happiness, peace, knowledge, joy, better sleep, and more. Thank you, thank you, thank you! If I knew more people, I would share your channel with them. Just know, your passion and work is incredibly meaningful and valuable and brings so much joy to many people!!!! I am honestly shocked that you do not have more subscribers/views- but I GUARANTEE you that gold will always shine through and so will you!! Your channel is invaluable. Your students must be so lucky to have you.

[@themark462]

Thank you for making this video. I love watching astronomy videos and this is a great refresher of the fundamentals.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@daddust]

My kid says he wants to be an astrophysicist but he watches game videos, told him he needs this series as basics

[@toms-cubes-and-games]

Succinct, comprehensive and awesome. Thanks, Dr/Prof./Mage Kendall 👌👍🙏

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Happy to prestidigitate these conspicuous attempts at erudite colloqualizations.

[@Tribecasoothsayer]

Lol, the humor! I would love to be in your class, prof. Kendall

[@Truth_Teller_101]

People are tired of either all the AI garbage videos that spend 15 minutes telling you stuff you learned in 6th grade, or the channels that want you to think everything is proof of aliens. Once real astronomy/cosmology fans discover this channel it will blow up like Betelgeuse.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Hey thanks for that. In order to help it out, it’d be great if y’all shared it around on social media. I have noticed that of my videos that get lots of hits, it’s the ones that’ve been shared from external sources that generate the most traffic. The YT algorithm feeds off interconnectivity. More equals MOAR!

[@Truth_Teller_101]

Will do, but since YT changed their algorithm it's very difficult for small channels to gain traction anymore. You might consider doing simultaneous uploads to places like Rumble to help drive traffic, and I've heard that doing those shorts helps you get recommended more by YT.

[@genericpoptart1]

Its my love for this subject the brings me back to Elite Dangerous over and over again. Its like an interactive telescope of our galaxy.

[@Peremptor]

Excellent distillation of fundamental principles.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Glad you think so!

[@heidannazakami6288]

When I wake up from my sleep, suddenly im in the middle of physics class.

[@heidannazakami6288]

And imma subs you for my lullaby, lol

[@bsbdptsd]

You sir did an amazing work!

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thank you kindly!

[@lorainecross]

What edition are you using for this series? I would like to follow along.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

2nd Edition from 2016.

[@sayantanghosh000]

Great and useful lecture l, Could you please cover the entire book including cmb anisotrpy as there is almost no good resource for cosmology for graduate of undergard cosmology. Thanks again 🙏🙏

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

That is the plan.

[@ramlakkan9056]

Great video Thank you 😊

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

You’re welcome 😊

[@WAGNERMJW]

So then where is everyone else if we are not special?

[@smartassdroner739]

When you say around 17:11 that's the ancients thought it was constant, could you elaborate which ancients had this knowledge?

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

It is fairly well known that in the history of understanding the speed of light, there was no one prior to attempting to measure it who did not think that light had any other speed other than instantaneous. It wasn’t until 1676 that Ole Romer discovered that light does not travel instantaneously and 1865 with James Clerk Maxwell understanding that light was electromagnetic wave that traveled at the speed C. Ask yourself this question: how would you even perceived any speed of light in a pre-technology era where the concept of the electron and the proton and even most areas of modern physics did not yet exist. We have a very parochial attitude because of our deep understanding of technology. It is nearly impossible to understand how people lived differently or even survived without all the modern is that we have today.

[@PepekBezlepek]

I woke up 2h45m into this video an I had the CRAZIEST dreams haha ♥

[@adamcahill6294]

This was playing when i woke up and i feel like ive downloaded something after mad dreams

[@Jckd_0_Lntrn]

Hey, I'm new here, and I'm only 30 seconds deep, but I know I'm going to absolutely cherish this

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thanks!

[@anotherplatypus]

I watched a Kip Thorne vid.. he was talking to 18 year old freshman college students.. The dude tossed out a random fact. A black hole's diameter is longer than its permiter due to the gravitational warping of space. he was like shrugs Einstien understood the definition of pi is BS because of gravitational influence. It's like Kip.. lets jump back to the whole diameter longer than circumference thing... he blew right past it

[@HoTTT_cock_Rooster_Sauce]

Is light year measurement different in places with time dilation , zero graity space.

[@edd.]

Awesome!! I love these long videos!!

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

More to come!

[@instantaneousvisceraloblit7081]

Holy crap, no wonder I had weird dreams...

[@fatbeets4781]

Penzias and Wilson were at Bell Labs in Holmdel. Not Princeton.

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Thanks for the catch!

[@Sourcecode01]

We are but a part of the whole, we will never know it all yet still, I enjoy the human advancements.

[@deltaskyhawk]

What if speed of light slows down with Distance?

[@Truth_Teller_101]

I had a question about radio galaxies. I tuned into one and all I got was static. Why do aliens play such lousy music?

[@rrj6068]

Because not all aliens are hip like we are .......

[@genericpoptart1]

That with a whole sector of space with systems named HIP something or other😅

[@BillyLobster]

Thanks!

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

Welcome! And thank you for your contribution! You’re the first one!

[@jameshayes729]

Brilliant 😮

[@DJR000]

Here to sleep

[@SashaMilos-gd4ln]

Why are we here ? Chocolate for sure!

[@megakeenbeen]

Great find, this channel

[@troyjacobs8530]

Thanks for making this :)

[@JasonKendallAstronomer]

No problem!

[@simrcchannel]

new lecture❤

[@DBFIU]

Wow ❤

[@michaeld8304]

THe presenter/teacher Sounds kind of like "Ciity Planner Plays" :)

[@kohakumina484]

Best sleeping pill everrrr

[@effortless4588]

Now i could get Goku to 7d multiversal