What Caused The Cambrian Explosion?

[@SoraHjort]

Gez, betterhelp is really trying to do a redemption tour/history sweeping with all these sponsorships on various channels after the stuff that went down a couple years back when they got caught mishandling patient info and unqualified professionals they hired. Selling patient info to various people should have destroyed the company... I mean when you get the FTC going after over it, you know you've screwed up.

[@thecianinator]

They're just doing what NordVPN did after they leaked every single one of their usernames and passwords: doubling down on advertising and hoping people forget.

[@rockstdy2154]

www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/blog/2023/03/ftc-says-online-counseling-service-betterhelp-pushed-people-handing-over-health-information-broke

[@theo6741]

Also monopolized/corporatized mental health treatment sounds ominous

[@carterrrrrrr]

@@theo6741 i mean thats the america we live in lol pov private healthcare

[@antoniohorta5656]

Hope you like the content, negative Nancy

[@jasperdragon00]

glad your channel is getting sponsored, but i must remind people that betterhelp does not have the best practices and they have mishandled medical data as well as hired therapists without qualifications that have severely mistreated patients. just want people to stay safe

[@tamarausher60]

There are channels sponsored by whisky, Coca cola, sigaretts and medicinal drugs. By military- industrial consortiums and by countries with dictatorship type of government.. so always we are at risk, and that are we who need to have some common sense and dont criticize such a very good channel that need be sponsored to continue making this superb content.

[@KenikoB]

​@@tamarausher60 Yeah and those suck too also the way sponsors work is that the company will stop sponsoring a channel that doesn't get them any business. comments like these are to make sure the people watching don't go use the service just because they see it on this channel.

[@NathalieCwiekSwiercz]

​@@tamarausher60first of all, the VAST majority of people knows that alcohol and tobacco is dangerous. But with companies like better help that's not the case, (and it's really serious what they have done) especially when it comes to subscribers/users with disabilities or mental illness and such, they can be very trusting and easy to take advantage of, wich better help does and they have done A LOT more than that. Its disgusting. And listen, this channel has over 50000 subscribers and they have a few other channels with even more, this isn't one or two persons doing all this hard work on their own, this is more or less a company/business, so no, they do NOT "need" sponsors. They choose to have sponsors. And they are ABSOLUTELY at fault for chosing money over their subscriber's health and wellbeing. Betterhelp has done disgusting stuff, inexcusable stuff, and people know this, especially those who choose to work with them like this channel, you always look into your sponsors, especially channels as big as this, and they still choose to support them, that's disgusting. Don't put KZbin channels on a pedestal, even if you enjoy their content, do your research always and please dont support behavior like this, call it out, that's how people grow and this world gets better

[@OneVoiceMore]

The video itself is mishandling information, so it seems thematic.

[@0Logan05]

Fitting..Pseudo intellectual Sponsorship for a channel pushing Satanic Theories as Fact. This is the great deception..Lies lies and more lies to cover Reality.

[@SenorTucano]

A change in ocean chemistry may have played a significant role in the Cambrian explosion. A gradual change from acid to alkaline would have permitted calcareous exoskeletons to evolve.

[@alexcontreras6103]

true

[@o1-preview]

that's how particle life works, I think we kinda solved where we came from to be honest.

[@PartyMusic775]

If you mean primordial soup, every scientific experiment and test to try to validate the theory has failed, @@o1-preview

[@travisa.992]

More likely that this just means the amount of fossilization changed, while the actual animal abundance was more or less the same.

[@BeckBeckGo]

This makes sense! I keep a coral fish tank and I have some marine snails in there. And I have to watch the pH (lots of factors but definitely pH) very carefully

[@Oberon4278]

My favorite part of KZbin is how they time ads perfectly for when I'm almost but not quite asleep.

[@patrickwatrin5093]

Absolutely maddening

[@shortbusbully]

And they are 10 decibels louder than the video

[@dr.briandecker496]

This is like the main reason I pay for premium. Was ruining my favorite way to fall asleep

[@iainballas]

@@dr.briandecker496 Had to pay for it... I use it for a lot of background music in DnD games, and adblock got too unreliable. I hope most stay strong though./

[@Mooondoggy]

Sponsorblock + DeArrow have changed my life and save me 13 quid a month

[@PaleoEdits]

Finally! My favourite earth-history channel returns! Edit: wonderful job, loved it. Very thoroughly presented, with some cool metaphors.

[@gabbyn978]

I once read a biography about Wallace. In that book, it was said that Wallace (who gave the Wallace Line its name) contacted Charles Darwin, in order to discuss his own findings. Whithin the correspondence, he asked Darwin to publish their common idea in his book, as Wallace had the feeling he was not confident enough and would not be able to deal with the backlash that such a thesis would cause. So there was no competition at all, Wallace simply left this task to Darwin.

[@llanitedave]

It's true that Darwin thought Wallace deserved more credit for the theory than he ever claimed. He wrote to him “You are the only man I ever heard of who persistently does himself an injustice & never demands justice” (14 April 1869). But Wallace recognized that Darwin's work on the theory not only predated his own, but explored it in much greater depth than Wallace had ever envisioned. Wallace mostly claimed credit for being the impetus that pushed Darwin into the action of actually publishing his long-delayed book. Later, Darwin and Wallace corresponded extensively and shared their ideas freely, each helping influence the evolution of the other's evolutionary ideas, even though those became increasingly divergent over time.

[@SmartWentCrazy.]

⁠​⁠​⁠@@llanitedaveWow, that is rather heart warming. Also, It’s a little bit ironic because survival of the fittest if (crudely) “applied” to the scenario would predict a far more adversarial approach to their respective academic contributions.

[@llanitedave]

@@SmartWentCrazy. If crudely applied, perhaps. But the concept of "fitness" actually allows for a lot of finesse in the real word. A feature or behavior that is "fit" depends greatly on the local context in the current environment. Big, strong, and confrontational is not always the most successful combination. In humans, reproductive success involves the skill of maintaining interpersonal relationships and cultivating cooperating peers and allies. That quality also has a bonus when it comes to sustaining a civilization.

[@robotboy719]

@@llanitedave All true and it raises an essential about why Darwin was able to develop the theory to greater depth. Put simply, Darwin was a rich gentleman, a member of the ruling class, and Wallace was a working stiff. While Darwin was able to muse in his garden for years, Wallace was in the hot zone trying to make money. In fact, it was only being knocked out for months with a tropical fever that allowed him to put the paper together that shocked Darwin into action. Wallace and Darwin understood that if Wallace came forward as the promoter of the theory, he could quite easily be dismissed, ridiculed, ignored. Whereas Darwin was well-connected with the scientific establishment and would at least get a hearing.

[@llanitedave]

@@robotboy719 That's partly true. Darwin, as a member of the upper class, had a certain amount of credibility from the start. But for the most part, the credibility was hard-won. Darwin's grandfather Erasmus was also a member of the upper class, wrote on many issues, and even had an idea that species might be changeable. But none of his musings got any traction, primarily because in addition to being upper class, he was thought to be a bit of a flake. So even then, there was more to credibility than class. Darwin was already a famous and respected naturalist before Wallace even entered the field, his voyage on the Beagle was already the stuff of legend, and his expertise and scholarship was well-known. The fact that Wallace was a relatively unknown quantity was not merely because of his more humble origins, but simply because he had less experience and less of a track record than Darwin did, a fact which he readily acknowledged. It's true that Wallace's reputation rose greatly because Darwin was his mentor, and its true that Wallace's version of the theory would have gotten very little attention had it not been for Darwin. But it's also true that Darwin's work was far more developed, broader, deeper, more well referenced, and had a much larger store of data backing it up. Wallace's insight was amazing, original, and mostly correct, but it's not unfair to say that Darwin's theory was already largely complete before Wallace wrote him about it, and deserved primary credit.

[@erictaylor5462]

One thing to keep in mind, a "moment" in the geologic timescale could be 10's of millions of years.

[@lobban2]

That's true. We're talking many thousands of generations at the very least.

[@ginnygin7141]

A moment is relative when billions of years are the timeframe

[@SpencerBilodeau]

You said 'meow'. Like 'meow tian shan shales'. I respect this. Any good documentary should have a narrator squeezing a 'meow' in somewhere.

[@AldrinAlbano]

This episode was a 'Tour de Force" to explain our current understanding of the Cambrian Explosion [of life] on Earth. Worth every minute of my Christmas Holiday vacation. Thank you so much!!

[@adrian_6693]

dong dong dong dong 🎉🎉🎉🎉 happy holidays🤗 ayaw kol😂

[@gerardjones7881]

A good therapist doesn't give advice or try to run anyone's life. Anyone who does that is playing god.

[@christianhoffman7407]

@@gerardjones7881 What are you talking about? Are you ok?

[@user-qu5nw1ss2w]

​@christianhoffman7407 i think they meant to reply to a completely different comment about the sponsor 😂

[@MrBucidart]

Thank you, Leila Battison and the crew for the video. By far the best series on the tube.

[@ominous-omnipresent-they]

Nah, that would be AronRa's comprehensive _Systematic Classification of Life_ series.

[@popman48]

Leila, Pete, and David, this series is, in my opinion, the best series on KZbin. From research/writing, to editing, to presentation, it is absolutely top notch. I watch a lot of content on KZbin and some of it is well done, but none as good, in total, as what you do. Just Wow! Thank you for the hours and hours of work that go into each episode. I learn so much from each one. I wish everyone had the luxury of time to experience these gems.

[@neongreenon]

I love your channel, but I wish the sound was more smooth~ like the music in between thoughts/sentences is always so much louder than the narration.

[@Just.A.T-Rex]

Use the stable volume option in settings (gear icon at top)>additional settings>stable volume on/off

[@The_InfantMalePollockFrancis]

I love your channel but I wish you wouldn't use commas before conjunctions, unnecessary punctuation such as a tilde and use an -er comparative with a single syllable adjective instead of using "more" like why did you say "more smooth" instead of smoother yet you used "louder"

[@araceli2827]

​@@The_InfantMalePollockFrancis you know that maybe that person is not English native speaker? (Like me) You can correct people without being that salty

[@araceli2827]

​@@Just.A.T-Rex Thank you, I didn't know this was an option. But it deactivates 😢

[@KosmiekAltertainment]

i have to agree. These topics deserve a little more peace and quiet, the music is just a bit too present at times.

[@HGGundamPlays]

One of the theories I've heard that I like to explain the Cambrian Explosion is the ending of one of the many Snowball Earth era's, all the extra mineral material being washed into the oceans gave life a much more diverse chemical and mineral soup to evolve from.

[@alexcontreras6103]

interesting

[@moneyandtimefreedom3352]

Would this have happened as asteroids hit earth bringing new life along with new food available for life in the form of new chemistry or minerals? Making it available to these organisms and emerging life forms ?

[@TheGuyCalledX]

​@@moneyandtimefreedom3352panspermia is possible, but would likely have happened much earlier. All life discovered today shares a couple hundred genes which point to a bacteria-like single-celled ancestor -- LUCA

[@Kevin-jb2pv]

I see the Cambrian explosion more like when a procedurally generated game like Minecraft or Dwarf Fortress makes a new world and starts throwing pure RNG at the wall to see what sticks and then starts weeding out the mistakes.

[@OneVoiceMore]

LOL

[@j.campbell4497]

Just amazing how you consistently turn out the highest quality content on KZbin. Thank You!

[@simonmasters3295]

Not the highest, just some nice pictures and a soft voice. Listen to what is being said and it is not 100% top notch, nor fast paced, authoritive or gritty enough to eliminate the "maybe it happened this way, we don't really know" voice. We know. We know earth was a snowball just before and then eukaryotic life "exploded"... plus hard exoskeletons remember? Perhaps the key is in the evidence that survives. Has exoskeleton chemistry received enough attention?

[@gaminawulfsdottir3253]

@@simonmasters3295 I would add that the nice pictures cannot be trusted. at 12:29 they misrepresent an African antelope (and a background that is obviously African, not North American) as an American pronghorn antelope.

[@zachlaabs5257]

​@@simonmasters3295yeah but I mean dudes churning out multiple free documentaries a month that are high quality and very interesting. He really is one of the best channels right now!

[@kittypencils4463]

@@simonmasters3295Then what is the highest?

[@AnidHarker]

Throwing confetti at the news that this will finally be up in just a bit longer after waiting for so long for it. Thank you, team!

[@erikm8372]

12:30 -FYI, this antelope is a type of African hartebeest (not sure the exact species or subspecies). They’re members of the genus _Alcelaphus_ in family Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats); American pronghorn belong to the family Antilocapridae, of which they are the only surviving members. Their nearest relatives are giraffes and okapi. 😊 hehe

[@scottydu81]

Do they like ear scritches and belly rubs?

[@kellyharrison5184]

I noticed that, too. A minor mistake, but worth mentioning.

[@SortaLost11]

@@scottydu81they are the fastest land mammal in North America. They would be about a quarter mile away before you blink if you try to pet one. But they are very cute.

[@scottydu81]

@@SortaLost11 I wanna pet one!

[@JamesBohlscheid]

That's what I came here to say.... Sloppy that.

[@30DegreesBank]

It os great that even though there are two additional channels already, you still continue to tell the History of the Earth. I was so waiting for another episode! Amazing one!

[@powerforu94]

I've been waiting for this ever since I found this channel more than an year ago!! Great early Christmas gift from you guys!

[@journeythroughearthshistor5600]

"It's the Cambrian Explosion!" - Bill Wurtz

[@laleluna8053]

"Wow, that's animals n stuff"

[@Libbyyyyyyyyyy]

now that 6 second jingle is gonna be in my head all day, along with the lasor thing.

[@CallMeMimi27]

but we are still in the water! can we go on land? N O why? T H E S U N I S A D E A D L Y L A S E R

[@-KingGanon]

@@CallMeMimi27not anymore there’s a blanket

[@Sagan-yw8ji]

@@-KingGanon Now the animals can go on land! Come on animals, let's go on land!

[@aaronwimmers8904]

Your videos never fail to fascinate and educate. Thank you for these.

[@kenwarner]

Can't help but feel such a deep gratitude to the minds who figured all this out, and also to the creators of this video for their detailed presentation, made available on KZbin for free. What a time to be alive!

[@purplehaze2358]

So basically, this could be summarized as; "What caused the Cambrian explosion?" "Yes."

[@homuraakemi493]

Perhaps.

[@sizanogreen9900]

I'd personally guess that it really was a combination of all of the above as well as maybe some other factors. Maybe that moment was us overcoming a Great Filter and such extraordinary convergences were needed for that jump.

[@pauleohl]

Think radiation and not in the biological sense. Intense volcanism brings up radioactive elements that alter the DNA of existing organisms. Most are fatal, hence cancer, but some are beneficial and you have a modified organism.

[@theoldman5896]

@@sizanogreen9900 We're probably the only forms of life in this entire super-cluster of galaxies that miraculously overcame such a ridiculous hurdle of improbably and coincidence. Probably why we're all alone.

[@antonyloc]

And AI too, somehow even gets a mention lol

[@Malconeous]

I would say the diversification and phylogenetic placement of the Ediacaran biota is a greater mystery, but I'm still grateful for this video

[@bmolitor615]

As soon as I heard about the Ediacaran, my main thought was along the lines of "Whoooa, look, The Original Slime Layer figured out how to coordinate and communicate between cells such that now we've got attractive non-random tissue-like growth patterns! Kids, the world is your oyster, what are you going to do with TISSUES?" And indeed, the Cambrians [etc.] went nuts with this great idea…

[@Ashitaka-gx2od]

The two mysterious are really closely related, so much so they almost can't be discussed separately. Most of the Ediacaran biota can't be related later Cambrian biota, so either most Ediacaran forms died out with no descendants, and complex animal life appeared twice, or there is a lot of missing fossils that bridge the gap between Cambrian and Ediacaran forms. Likely there is a mixture of the two at play. This is not to mention that a lot of cambrian forms are hard to place in the animal family tree as well.

[@Malconeous]

@@Ashitaka-gx2od they're not exactly related they occured at different times under vastly different conditions. The only relation is that in some unknown way, the Ediacaran influenced the setting of the stage for the Cambrian. Geologically and Biologically they are extremely alien to eachother.

[@theoldman5896]

@Malconeous Given that they both "dovetailed" off of the nearly billion-year-long Proterozoic era of single-celled organisms is worth noting at least. It's weird. Especially since multicellularity took so long to "evolve" normally, for it to just happen twice in geologically quick succession is suspicious (unless they're related, or, as you put it, one created the conditions needed for the other) One "could" argue that humans created the conditions for AI to spontaniously "evolve," so say in millions of years from now, it would be nessesary to study "ancient humans" AND "AI" together to fully grasp the situation, even though, technically, AI didn't evolve "from" us directly. We'd still be related subjects.

[@dosadnizub]

There was a whole episode dedicated to ediacran, it was really nice

[@RootsMj]

You made geology very, very interesting. You, good sir, have a super power and I'm happy to be able to experience it. Thank you!

[@Mikelaxo]

Geology had always been very very interesting, what are your talking about?

[@Wandering_Chemist]

I was the one who kept bothering yall for a new episode of History of the Earth for what 6 months now? And gentlemen, you made the wait worth it more than you could ever know! I fucking love this series. Thank you 🙏 and hope you enjoy your holidays cheers 🍻

[@characterblub2.0]

I honestly wondered if they dropped it with all the other channels going on 😂

[@Wandering_Chemist]

@@characterblub2.0 trust me dude…so did I lol that’s why every community post I would just post asking about this channel lol 😂

[@maidatenpulamea]

1:33 hours of video and 95% of it is trash. Either it's the same information available anywhere on youtube (but in a much more concise form) or the narrator just goes on and on with endless questions. In conclusion, a pointless video, neither showing the history and the plethora of theories about the cambrian explosion nor anything new about it.

[@Just.A.T-Rex]

I made the one posted after this happen. Gang gang

[@Just.A.T-Rex]

DEFINES A MOLLUSCS

[@Mishn0]

@12:29 I think your Pronghorn antelope is really a Topi antelope from East Africa.

[@Headtalk]

It makes so happy to see someone else also compare literally everything to how matter seems to go through cycles of building micro-structures which then become pieces in more complex structures which then become the small pieces in even more complex stuff.

[@tyranmcgrathmnkklkl]

Which includes us, the human, right? We're all part of something

[@tommym8trix]

It's why there is almost certainly life on other planets

[@lemonstealinghorsdoeuvre]

Not literally everything. There is a theory nobody seems to have come up with, one that I think is obvious, but I have yet to publish. I end up watching most docs like this, all published papers, and attempt to hear as many lectures as I can find, just to make sure I don't get beaten to the punch.

[@sp_ce.]

Just yesterday I looked at your channel checking if you’d uploaded. Thank you for the early Christmas present!

[@solitudessilentgroove]

Constructive criticism on audio edits - I often fall asleep listening to KZbin. When the narrator has a nice voice it helps me sleep. This narrator is perfect, but the music edits that go up in volume in-between his words is very distracting and even wakes me from sleep. I suggest just leaving the music volume steady and not making it go up and down with the talking. Thanks for awesome content.

[@keirawillow]

I noticed this too, I wonder if its a new editor because the weird subheadings at the bottom left of the screen are new too.

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

try 2xing the vid - the music become more interesting and the voice less boring.

[@MalcolmSnelgrove]

The music seems more noticeable and wildy disjointed in this video compared to previous ones. I also listen often when falling asleep (no ads with subscription) and end up listen to each video many times.

[@amandine512]

If you want good videos to fall asleep to, check out Classic Ghost Stories Podcast.

[@TwinkleTwinkleTruly]

Yeah, and it can be somewhat distracting too. I use the videos when I play games, and I really enjoy when there’s just low background music that doesn’t change in volume. That way there’s no need to fiddle with it and they just need to focus on the audio quality of said music and the voice. So far there hasn’t been any issues with the narration, but I know of some channels where an otherwise wonderful video gets ruined because the voice is fuzzy, there’s a faint echo or they don’t keep the mic in front of them properly, so their voice changes whenever they move their head. It’s such a shame, cuz it is so distracting when that happens! Although, I suppose there’s less risk of that happening here, since the narrator isn’t on screen and can fully focus on talking instead of looking at the camera.

[@Hellbender8574]

I love the Paleozoic. I can't wait for the next episode! Thanks for creating these.

[@wolfpackastrobiology3690]

Hopefully it'll be about the Ordovician Radiation.

[@Hellbender8574]

​@@wolfpackastrobiology3690yeah, me too. I love the Ordovician period because my son found an Ordovician fossil bed near our house and I always want to learn more about the ecosystem from back then. And see them colorfully swimming and wiggling around, rendered in CGI.

[@chrischester1353]

At 12:30, the animal in the film is NOT a pronghorn antelope. And this footage, as evidenced by the tree in the background, was taken in Africa.

[@jlzombiecat]

Also evidenced by the un-pronged horns.

[@georgegrader9038]

ha caught that too!

[@timfredericks5018]

yeah looked like a khudu

[@grantjones8690]

at time 12;40. Not a pronghorn. kind of shadows the credibility of the whole video

[@neildavidson4115]

Not kudu … topi (common in Maasai Mara)

[@jakemoeller7850]

This is such a fascinating time in Earth's history. I am looking forward to the video!

[@waveney42]

What a fabulous series. I came across it yesterday morning, I've watched them all in 2 days. Information dense, real information, really good.

[@HappyFunNorm]

I'm still not convinced there WAS a Cambrian explosion. I tend to think there are just more fossils because harder body structures evolved.

[@GuardianSoulkeeper]

Thats... what the Cambrian explosion was.

[@Daneki]

Hold the phone, hundred years of science - this one guy isn't convinced

[@theoldman5896]

@Daneki DON'T QUESTION MY RELIGION! (Seriously, don't be silly. Nothing is ever 100% proven in fields like this. Questioning narratives should ALWAYS be encouraged. Even if it sounds goofy at first. That's the heart and soul of scientific freedom.)

[@SiriusSphynx]

​​@@theoldman5896unless you want to make something into a religious argument when religion was never mentioned. Like why even bring it up

[@SiriusSphynx]

​@@Danekiread the response above you

[@oobrocks]

Incredible doc, including “we don’t know and maybe we never will “.

[@MeanBeanComedy]

Nah, that's loser talk.

[@NerveBag]

Enjoyed the video. But why does the background music change every ten freakin' seconds? Very jarring and distracting.

[@eokic]

I love these videos but can you please reduce the music volume throughout? And the jumps in volume when the narration stops are quite annoying

[@brainsthecatandhisfellowfe9710]

Turn your volume down somewhat

[@jasondashney]

I unsubscribed because of that.

[@DomesticAlmonds]

​@@brainsthecatandhisfellowfe9710that doesn't work when only one of the audio elements of the video is loud at random times. It's not consistent and it's not the ENTIRE video that's too loud, it's just the music that, for some reason, is loud as hell when he isn't talking.

[@suzbone]

Go to the video settings and turn on volume smoothing. It's AWESOME

[@mwolkove]

​@suzbone hoping you can help me out, cuz I can't find where that setting is in the android app.

[@swagtachiuchiha1501]

Can't wait to watch this throughout my day tomorrow

[@rkozakand]

At 12:47, you mention pronghorn, but the video shown is of an African antelope, likely a hartbeast.

[@scottydu81]

More likely a urmommabeast

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

it's all about stock footage.

[@neildavidson4115]

Topi

[@atanacioluna292]

Loved your build up and the depth of perspective .

[@bradenhoefert2109]

A great video, as usual. But glyptodonts didn’t evolve into armadillos. Glyptodonts and armadillos share a common ancestor which was small. The larger glyptodonts went extinct while the smaller armadillos remain.

[@vee1267]

What a wonderful Christmas gift! 😄 it’s been a while since the last video but it’s excellent as always!

[@Landrew0]

Something is wrong with the sound on this one; It sounds muffled, bassy and lower volume.

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

why aren't you 2xing it?

[@OutbackCatgirl]

​@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 that doesn't fix the issue from my testing. plus, watching at 2x makes it harder to absorb the content imo.

[@ahabkapitany]

the Cambrian Explosion of the most fascinating topics in paleontology

[@ahabkapitany]

​@jamesmills2087 I said paleontology

[@Libbyyyyyyyyyy]

of course, "it's the cambrian explosion." Bill Wurtz

[@baraskparas9559]

Usually the simplest answer is the most accurate. First of all 'explosion' is a misnomer since the phenomenon began in the Ediacran. The second cause is the end of the Snowball Earth era allowed the increase in size , driven by cold that affects smaller animals more than larger, began to be driven by the arms race to survive in a macroscopic world dominated by a predatory mode of nutrition.

[@Uhtred-the-bold]

Dude makes great videos! I’d like to see some more from History Time, but these are great too!

[@PhantomHouseplant2018]

Ommgg this is amazing. The cancer-like cell multiplication idea was incredibly fascinating to me!!

[@kylezo]

This is sooooo weird if you actually pay attention to it. the sudden music shifts, unrelated footage, the way he repeats himself and continually changes the way he pronounces things, lol. it's really actually even more hypnotic in that way. it keeps you kinda dizzy lol

[@Anton-tf9iw]

GPT 4.0 used in this "docu" I presume?

[@AM-qk7ox]

And probably an AI voiceover

[@alecity4877]

@@AM-qk7ox no, if you watch the older videos, you will see the voice is of the same narrator since before AI voicing was a thing. It's simply a narrator that has got his own cadences and tones nailed down to a standard.

[@AM-qk7ox]

@@alecity4877 yeah I know I've been subbed for a few years. Just wanted to bait some know it all into responding to me. Congrats!

[@alecity4877]

@@AM-qk7ox ... Ok I guess.

[@RealAICCl]

Nobody by BetterHelp better help is a scam

[@uwuwuewuewueunjetjemuwueub2385]

If you can’t find a psychologist and there is a mile big line waiting, by any means, you’ll end up waiting longer as you should, using better help

[@RealAICCl]

@ except the psychologist is a scam. What are they gonna do for you? Other than prescribe you some medication that you probably don’t need especially if you’re getting it from some online doctor they’re not gonna know you need it for sure.

[@jermainec2462]

😂😂😂😂

[@Gildedpetal]

Use chatGPT as a therapist. Trust me. Better responses, just as much education on psychology and empathy through the roof. I'm not even kidding.

[@shanathered5910]

also, can we applaud that he hyped up the phrase "cambrian explosion" so well that he didn't even need to say it until 8 minutes in?

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

I 2x these vids - so it was only 3.5 minutes in for me. thks

[@Ian_sothejokeworks]

Right?? And it has the word 'Explosion' in it, even!

[@garrethopwood8178]

I've been excited for a video on the Cambrian Explosion to come out here, and it did not disappoint! The analogy to AI is an impressively relevant and elucidating one. Thank you for creating these!

[@arteckjay6537]

I may be late, but its worth pointing out that the creation of AI and biological evolution are only *vaguely analogous, not to be taken for anything more than an extremely simplified similarity. Artificial intelligence really leans into the "artificial" part, where humans have fine-tuned and shaped its design. Referring to it as a "mirror" of evolution is inaccurate, and could lead to a misunderstanding of how evolution works. Natural selection is a process of natural pressures, not curated creation with a goal.

[@erichtomanek4739]

12:29 That is not an image of a Pronghorn Antelope. It's a Topi from Africa, or at least a species of Hartebeest. tsk tsk tsk.

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

it's not the territory, it's the map! The stock footage is not real.

[@igorzkoppt]

Love your work, I usually watch each of your video several times over, to refresh what I learned the last time.

[@paulgush]

Maybe removing CO2 and carbonic acid from the ocean was as significant as the rise in O2 concentration in the ocean, because it made it easier for calcium carbonate exoskeletons to form?

[@SenorTucano]

💯

[@lazbing8224]

Loved the video. Exceptional quality as always. However, it was probably 40 mins too long for the content which meant that the visuals were repeated way too many times detracting from the overall effect. Less would have been more in this context. Otherwise, excellent stuff.

[@BanjoGate]

Whoever chose the background music and did the mixing of it fading in with the narration fading out... home, you're drunk.

[@fruitbatcat]

yeah, narration is good but far too quiet up to the backing music which becomes a distraction as it's so loud at times.

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

You gotta 2x these vids and don't watch them - then just read and respond to comments. hahaha

[@OutbackCatgirl]

are you just using the video as interesting background noise with occasional blasts of insight mixed in? because that would explain a lot

[@jimc.goodfellas]

I love these channels. Thanks for the early Christmas presents friends

[@robotboy719]

It seems that you've incorrectly conflated Gondwana with Pannotia and Pangaea [1:00:08]. The super-continent Pannotia formed when Proto-Laurasia was added to Gondwana c. 600 Ma. However, Rodinia was 'short-lived' and came to an end 550 Ma when Laurasia drifted away: "The break-up of Pannotia was accompanied by sea level rise, dramatic changes in climate and ocean water chemistry, and rapid metazoan diversification." That is to say, the fragmentation of Rodinia provided at least some of the diversification you attribute to the Trans-Gondwanan Super Mountain. Gondwana never did make up a 'single, immense supercontinent' as it lacked both Euramerica and Siberia. Euamerica and Siberia did join Gondwana around 335 mya in a supercontinent known as Pangaea (which then began breaking up around 180 mya).

[@michaellamb134]

Evolution is not so hard to imagine once you grasp the scale of time's magnitude. Here's a new life form that survives in a specific manner. Here's one offspring that includes a gene that has a chance to randomly mutate. A million years pass, what would will be more likely to survive. The niche survivor?.. Or the randomly varied array of randomised species.

[@PlumBerryDelicious]

Fantastic video! Thanks for your hard work!! 💜💙💚💛🧡❤💜

[@michaelbirbeck9554]

It's an outstanding series. A balm for the mind and soul. Beautifully produced, informative, and intellectually stimulating.

[@Dadas0560]

Why is anybody searching for "the one thing"??? Why should there be any one thing? It's always a lot of things working together...

[@annastebelskyj580]

Wowee, your most thorough deep dive yet! I've always loved your writing style, and this installment is top notch work from a top notch writer.

[@vusimdudu9033]

A most excellent and illuminating video, thanks. I hope you are going to produce more of the same. ❤❤❤❤❤

[@VOMITQUEEN]

I’VE BEEN WAITING SO LONG FOR THIS

[@alterego634]

Amazing documentary like every other from “History of” Its only shame that DJ had to drop sick beats every third word, it’s demolishing through earphones. Would be better if speaker voice was frontline, but thats only my opinion, keep on rocking History guys!

[@rworded]

3 days late here but I'm excited for a brand new episode!

[@Steven-mv4bb]

I use these vids for sleep and would honestly love them with no distracting background music. Keep up the good work!

[@alewiina]

That AI tangent was quite out of nowhere, after a few moments I actually checked to make sure the video hadnt changed somehow haha Hope you guys will be releasing another video soon!!

[@lucasjames7524]

While I understand how it is impossible to appreciate the difficulty of reaching a new realization about something once that new level has been reached (i.e. "hindsight is 20/20"), it still amazes me that evolution was not developed as a theory until the 1800s. That's so recent, in the grand scheme of things. It seems like that came so late, and that it is something that would have been better suited to emerging in the Renaissance or something. Just wild how things go in the course of history.

[@daleowens7695]

Im sure some of the more receptive people through history suspected something similar. Usually takes someone with a unique intellect to formalize these sorts of things.

[@Yankees640live]

I’m sure religion is to blame for this one

[@Aliandrin]

I don't think religion is entirely to blame. People selectively bred animals since much earlier so they knew exactly what was going on because they had their hands on every part of the process. The idea that it was how complex life started, or that the pigeons you meticulously breed for prettier feathered feet were once dinosaurs, is where the massive leap comes in.

[@dianahill5116]

​@@Yankees640live Religion is a derivative of narricissim.

[@dianahill5116]

​@@Yankees640live Religion is fiction.

[@coreycourchene7379]

Can't wait to watch this 10 times in the next month :D

[@SotraEngine4]

Please don't take sponsorships from BetterHelp

[@Francis-zb2tt]

Y

[@OutbackCatgirl]

​@@Francis-zb2ttb cos = bad

[@ricardo-larosa]

I’ve been waiting for this for a long time 🎉

[@wafikiri_]

The key to the Cambrian explosion might be mobility. Mobility allows to quickly find new niches, new opportunities to survive and evolve.

[@trilobite3120]

That very well could be it.

[@lemonstealinghorsdoeuvre]

You're on the right track, just not in the right direction.

[@prototropo]

At 12:29, the animal shown is definitely not a Pronghorn, whose anatomy is very distinct, being more closely related to giraffes and okapis than antelopes. Their horns, characteristically, have a forward pointing prong, which is clearly missing in the video's example. In fact, the tree in the animal's background looks more like African than North American flora.

[@johnscanlon8467]

Stock footage fail: at 12: 37 that's not a Pronghorn (Antilocapra) but an African Hartebeest (Alcelaphus). But it's a very Lewis-and-Clarkian error.

[@brendandunne4401]

Thank you! That was well worth waiting for. Well done Leila! Superb text!

[@psirotta]

Andrew Parker's "In The Blink of an Eye", in my opinion, answers this question definitively: Atmospheric changes>increased illumination in the oceans>evolution of eyes and vision> increased effectiveness of predation>explosion of defensive forms as an arms race. He observes that the CE was an explosion of forms, but not of phylology, i.e. did not result in new phyla, all of which already existed but in simple, similar, vulnerable forms, lacking defensive morphology. The appearance of the eye was the trigger. It's a good read!

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

thanks! Yes Andrew Parker's work needs to be known - it's all based on quantum diffraction gradients to evolve eyes.

[@zv7ws]

Sounds very plausible. Interesting theory for sure

[@Richardj410]

Great explanation. Ediacran period is just as interesting thanks for doing that too. Thanks for teaching me so much.

[@danielrayner7681]

Absolutely brilliant, I would give this 1000 likes if I could, top stuff this channel ❤

[@tcapdungeon]

This was a totally unexpected and wide ranging explaination, super awesome and interesting!

[@rssharkey40]

The pacing of this episode seems off compared to previous installments somehow, and way less tightly edited. Still both informative and pretty though.

[@Cancoillotteman]

Yeesss !! We've been waiting for this channel to publish ! I am trully elated ! :D

[@Andrew7923]

You're giving modern AI WAAAAAAY too much credit.

[@theoldman5896]

AI, text-to-speech, VR and 3DTVs are consistent fads that get shilled every 5-to-10 years by big marketing firms looking to hype the masses for grants. Yes, they've been gradually improving, but this is 40-year-olf tech. The ChatGPT mass language models just take advantage of a a few quirks in the massive data sets available to them. tldr; this is old-tech, 60% smoke-and-mirrors, and not very impressive. Most of it's lame hype for grants and investor-bait.

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

@@theoldman5896 I worked as a Relay operator for the DEAF community - we typed as fast as people talked. Yes that was 20 years ago and we did get automated. Then I had a paper shuffling job for phone database - that got automated as a "speed dialer." Automation is the number 1 cause of job loss - hence those self-driving taxis in China just replacing a million workers or whatever. hahahaha

[@theoldman5896]

​@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885automation ended slavery too, which is pretty nice. Anyway, the problem I have with these Large Language Modles (like ChatGTP) is that they're being marketed as "intelligent," with is giving the general public an almost religious reverance for it. That's obviously stupid and dangerous.

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

@@theoldman5896 Slavery has not ended! There's a lawsuit against Cargill, the world's largest private corporation, for relying on child slave labor in Africa for cocoa production. A Cargill heir sits on $5 billion in assets - not that far from me. Slavery is still very "lucrative" (some people actually use this word still like it's a positive thing). Dubai was constructed from Slave Labor - passports stolen, wages not covering basic needs for living - yet Dubai led our global warming conference? hahaha. People worship technology indeed - a good book on this is "The Religion of Technology" by Professor David F. Noble - formerly at MIT. He knew the evils of automation so much that he refused to use email.

[@theoldman5896]

@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 Technically every economic system world-wide that incorporates usury or money-lending is a form of tyrannical "debt-slavery" anyhow. In this specific context, I was refering to Combine Harvesters having a positive effect on the American South (taking the "jobs" away from the enslaved). About technology, I seem to remember a certain eco-terrorist writing a popular manifesto about the dangers of automation and industrial society...

[@sedatolcer6799]

Very well written (and spoken) documentary on this difficult and fascinating topic..

[@tysonwastaken]

im so sick of these religious zealots commenting their silly pseudoscientific anti evolution bullshit lets stop arguing with them

[@recycledwaste8737]

Nah, we should keep arguing with them. Every time they fail to back up their nonsense is a good day for scientific literacy.

[@nicoleblechfeder9075]

This was simply incredible. Thank you for teaching us in such a detailed, yet easily understandable way.

[@TheAdeybob]

Always wondered if the earth was being hit by radiation from a local supernova at the start of the cambrian, and other notable diversification events

[@Landrew0]

Sorry. but that's not how it works. Radiation does not drive evolution, natural selection does. Radiation causes more disorder, but evolution is about increasing order.

[@salamander554]

​@@whatabouttheearthwoe, radiation (supernova)most definitely has some part in speciation. Do you have some fossils from the Precambrian? Wouldn't mind seeing them. Or are you talking about the Ediacaren fossils a few million years before the Cambrian.

[@salamander554]

High energy particles literally shoot thru your DNA causing mutations. It's possible to pass these mutations on

[@salamander554]

@@whatabouttheearth the video we watched was about life that's multi cellular popping up abruptly.

[@Landrew0]

@@whatabouttheearth Nobody believes that.

[@yee9543]

masterpiece, your snowball earth video was what made me subscribe

[@CodeCasanova]

@12:28 isn't a Pronghorn, I'm afraid.

[@glynnphillips9703]

This was a wonderful show 💯 thank you

[@AbbadonOfTheKey]

I believe the Cambrian explosion occurred due to the fact that biological specialization increases the speed in which biological advancements occur. In the same way that job specialization increased the speed of technological advancement in our society (due to people devoting their whole lives to perfecting their job/way of surviving) these organisms began to specialize into very particular niches and focus entirely on that niche. They consequently exponentially evolved in that direction.

[@BeckBeckGo]

Right but we know this. The question is what triggered life to begin specializing so aggressively? And so suddenly. On an evolutionary and geologic time scale, literally a split second had passed. What was the impetus?

[@AbbadonOfTheKey]

@BeckBeckGo oh, I see! Thanks for the clarification! That's a very tough one. We would have to understand why and how rna forms, why, and how single-celled organisms form super-organisms that can evolve into multi-cellular organisms before we could really begin to explain anything after. If we can't repeat this in a lab, we have to look at fossil evidence, which there's almost none of, with this Era. My speculation is that these superorgansims began doing a new thing, growing a shared nervous system between organisms within the super organism. This let them communicate with one another, and probably led to the development of the brain, and ultimately free will, but thats pure speculation, and doesn't explain much else.

[@dustinheese]

Great channel. I started putting the videos on in the background but I really enjoy your visualizations of the material. Very nice narration and I don't recall hearing anything I disagreed with..in fact I know I've heard some things that I haven't heard from anything other than papers and lectures.

[@stefantkalcic1491]

I'm just here for the comments shitting on BetterHelp for misusing customer data.

[@lottieew135]

I have had to restart your video a few times last night because it put me to sleep 😅 I fell asleep at 10:30 last night, just after the beginning where you discussed Darwin. Woke up at 2am when my brain realised there was nothing playing in the background, so I started the video again and fell asleep not long after. Woke up at quarter to 7 but couldn't start again because my husband gets up at 7 and I don't want to have him beat me in our 'competition', so I couldn't start it again until after he'd gone to work. I still fell asleep 😂

[@philliplopez8745]

Neither uncharted nor wild . The native Americans were surviving quite nicely.

[@CoffiBot2dotoh]

They didn't have maps (didn't need them) and didn't try to control nature. So it was uncharted and wild.

[@JacobPan-u3h]

Finally, thank g-d you’ve finally uploaded

[@HappyTheNeko]

I’m confused as to why KZbin felt the need to post a link about climate change when this video is about a time hundreds of millions of years before humans existed…

[@keng9272]

Extinction happens.

[@jkatttt1699]

Auto filters pick up on phrases and words, not context. I dont know why people are so annoyed or confused by this.

[@brianburnetee9381]

Climate change doesn't happen without humans. Come on, they need their carbon tax.

[@lucianazolotoi3238]

Been waiting for a new one for long, so happyyy!!❤️