What is a Concussion? With Neil deGrasse Tyson, Leonard Marshall, & Heather Berlin

What is CTE? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly discuss concussions and emerging information on chronic traumatic encephalopathy with former NFL lineman Leonard Marshall and neuroscientist Heather Berlin, PhD.
What is it like to sue the NFL? We break down Leonard’s journey with brain injury, his book When The Cheering Stops, and some of the inequities within the league. Why are football careers notoriously short? We know how many tackles Leonard had, but how many times was he tackled? Should that be a stat? Neil makes a calculation of how much energy it would’ve been to be hit by Leonard in his prime.
What does it feel like to get diagnosed with a disease normally identified during autopsy? Leonard details his journey to diagnosis, his thinking about the future, and what eventually led to his advocacy. How is CTE different from a concussion? What cultural changes need to be made to help current and future players? Do football pads actually make the game more dangerous?
Next, Heather helps us understand the neuroscience behind CTE. How do tau proteins in the brain contribute to neuronal death? Learn about the difference between white matter and gray matter. What does repeated head trauma do that a single concussion doesn’t? Can the brain feel pain when it’s injured? We explore brain mapping, developing experiments for neuroscience research, and why the brain can’t rewire in cases of CTE. Finally, will we be seeing our heads treated differently in sports going forward?
Thanks to our Patrons Walter Johnson, Ali AlWaheedy, Armen Gevorgyan, Jenny K Leasure, WIGwigWIG, Denny, MaKayla A Holloway, Anna Dupre-Whiting, Allain Brideau, and David for supporting us this week.
NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free.
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About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
0:00 - Introduction
4:16 - Part 1 w/ Leonard Marshall
5:43 - When The Cheering Stops
10:13 - Compensation in the NFL
12:05 - Getting Hit
17:30 - Leonard & Heather
19:43 - Leonard Marshall’s Diagnosis
25:40 - Concussions and CTE
30:13 - How Many NFL Players Have CTE?
36:37 - Concussion Legacy Foundation
38:17 - CTE Advocacy
41:05 - Part 2 w/ Dr. Heather Berlin
42:30 - Diagnosing CTE
44:13 - Head Trauma & TAU Proteins
50:33 - Can The Brain Feel Pain?
53:32 - Brain Regeneration
54:40 - What We Don’t Know About The Brain
57:13 - Leonard Marshall’s Case
1:00:43 - Closing Notes

[@MrSqueasil]

ima retired US army vet. Ive had several severe concussions. great video. i have all those things. suicidal tendencies, memory loss, and chronic headaches and migraines.

[@Antelopesinsideme]

Thank you for your service, I'm sorry to hear that. I wish you well!

[@fairygurl9269]

Respect

[@quantumskittles]

Thankyou for your service💜 wishing u the best

[@enadegheeghaghe6369]

I hope you have been able to get help

[@jeremiah_the_godlife3729]

Stay in the fight, there’s help out there!

[@thomasthompson5613]

Chuck had a brilliant straight face with that "I would." Good job Mr. Nice.

[@StarTalk]

You can tell he's a real pro.

[@ngnatural]

Such a profound interview. Learned SO much. Big respect to Leonard Marshall!

[@ryanhaag8091]

I had a vivid traumatic brain injury December 2nd, 2010. It was not a “car crash” per se but multiple subarachnoid hemorrhages, almost epileptic sessions, and hit my left noggin from my car to a steep concrete curb. I was driving home from a friend’s house when shortly after turning onto my street, I suffered a series of multiple strokes. As what I can only describe as an unfamiliar numbness on the left side of my brain and right body. I somehow continued driving until nearly reaching my driveway. Fortunately, I managed to not hit anything before arriving home. As I’m pulling in I ended up crashing into my garage. I quickly reversed my car, parked, shut it off, took the keys out, and sat for a moment. I still remember thinking to myself, “All you need to do is walk inside. You can do this, you’re almost home..” On 3, I decided to open the car door and begin to walk. “1, 2, 3!” I took my seatbelt off and opened the car door to start walking. I stepped my left leg on the ground and tried to get out. That’s when my right leg failed and I immediately fell, slamming the left side of my head onto the concrete. At that moment I attempted crawling to my front door. Feeling extremely nauseous, I vomitted several times and noticed there was blood. Then I suffered a wave of multiple seizures. Instead of immediately calling 911, I tried calling my buddy for help but they were not answering. In hindsight this decision was a crucial mistake on my part. I called for what must have been a half hour when suddenly I received a call back. I answered saying “Help me, please!”. The last thing I remember 2 friends carrying me inside the house.... Brief summary; I died six times, fourteen surgery on my noggin, Doctors said I'll be a vegetable, mute, wheelchair..etc.... I thought, thank you but I want more! Step by step, practice makes perfect and now I can talk and walk like a pro…ish😏plus I got a degree in social and behavioral science after. Yes, feels like it was forever and a half yet I made it. Wow wait… tRump was our President…I took ‘Merican and global politics and 2 philosophy classes…should I run and did the right thing?🤔oh, am not 35…never mind play ball😏

[@StarTalk]

Wow! What a terrifying story with an inspiring ending. We commend your bravery!

[@ryanhaag8091]

@@StarTalk oh I like talking with random folks. What I don’t is their connects. Trust me, I have plans but who wants to risk it for a purpose ya dig😏

[@loudtim265]

My wife suffered a fall a few years ago where she fell down a few steps and landed on the front-right of her face & head. A few months later she began suffering from seizures where she hit her head on our hard tile floor 4 separate times. After that her personality changed drastically and we are teetering on the edge of divorce (her decision 100%). I’ve made some pretty serious mistakes (no cheating or anything like that) but this new personality is angry and vengeful and miserable, she “keeps score” on everything. It’s absolutely heartbreaking and we have an 8yo so doubly crushing. I hope one day they are able to effectively diagnose and treat brain injuries much, much better than they can now. It’s so common.

[@tomgardner8825]

so sorry for your troubles. life ca e devastating sometimes hoping for a better future for your family.

[@loudtim265]

@@tomgardner8825 thank you for the kind words.

[@dript7686]

My T.B.D caused development of epilepsy. It's horrible, my thoughts and prayers to you, your wife, and all of us who are and may deal with this.

[@PhoenixProdLLC]

Stop beating your wife.

[@ab-mi2xo]

i have suffered brain trauma myself from thousands of individual incidents due to my upbringing which was extraordinarily violent. in fact not everyone survived.

[@mattevans-koch9353]

A ding is where someone bumps the side of your car with their door and leaves a mark on your door. What Leonard Marshall was experiencing was the equivalent of a Formula One impact wreck. Bless him for bringing this to Star Talk and brining it to our attention. Thank you gentlemen.

[@aaronpincus6095]

That's what I was thinking. He wasn't getting dinged, he was getting Sledge Hammered.

[@barrywhite8747]

I'm woken in the morning a went through that where it's taking me a few moments to realize where I'm at. I've also had a lot of concussions and post-concussion syndrome.

[@jimfox8139]

Thanks! Super important show with Leonard Marshall.

[@StarTalk]

Thanks, Jim!

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil, you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@lalah9481]

Soldiers who were in war zones need to be scanned! Even when they’re not close to impacts, there is a physical concussing that occurs when bombs explode. When exposed multiple times a day for months and months on multiple deployments, these military members have lifelong issues. It’s barely acknowledged, and rarely recognized right now. The VA needs to get this technology immediately.

[@Buckleboy]

This was so informative-and also so sad… re: exploitation in pro sports, unreasonable expectations of masculinity and gender, the prevalence of athletics-related injuries, and US health care inadequacies. Thank you to all of those who are trying to fix these issues. And thank you for this important episode.

[@StarTalk]

Thanks for the comment!

[@mshafer2006]

I suffered a TBI 9 years ago. This really hit home for me. Thank you so much for this. It has taking me all these 9 years just to feel like I was before the injury and I am still not 100 percent per say. Everyday is a growing experience. I have done so much research myself on neuroscience and still learning daily.

[@scottg6754]

My daughter has had several concussions. She is hanging in for now. She was genius level and probably lost 20 IQ points. Doctors would say she was faking it because the MRI/MRA didn't show enough damage (14 years old tech). A lot of military people concussed by IED's also got in trouble because this dynamic. It changed her a lot and we have all excepted at some point CTE issues are coming. A lot of neurologist's (my personal experience) are incapable of admitting they don't know how to diagnose nor treat these types of conditions. It is all a bit of a nightmare.

[@AkshayKumarX]

The mentality of ruining the lives of hundreds of people so that 1 mythical person who might be profiting off of the system does not deceive them.

[@richardgrayson3241]

In my experience with Doctors, they are genetically incapable of admitting they don't know, with rare exceptions.

[@crocpotmonster91709]

Chuck is 100% right about the equipment attributing to damage. I played in a mens league after high school- no pads at all/two hand shove (anything but a wrap up tackle). People certainly went home with some bruises and stuff, but we almost never clashed heads together and played the game just as physically. The helmet at this point is like 95% weapon.

[@durragas4671]

I think it's known now that American football is a lot higher impact than rugby because of all the gear they have. Kind of like how in boxing with boxing gloves they do a lot more brain damage than the old way where you'd break your knuckles if you hit too hard.

[@stanlenhart7259]

Good conversation! Dr. Berlin is so gracious , ty star talk!!

[@aaronpincus6095]

Every concussion dramatically lowers the amount of force needed for the next concussion. Don't forget that many of us with CTE were not pro athletes. Just a bit crazy and reckless growing up. I rode motorcycles before helmet laws.

[@bladesolar1]

Star talk has changed my life. I'm forever greatful. Thank you Niel and the folks that work in Star talk.

[@kenntankerous7163]

what a lovely and true man Lenard is. world could do with more like him

[@theoteddy9665]

I love Gary.. He amazes me, football players are famous for not being very smart in general, but Garys mind is so brilliant, his questions always show how deep he thinks about all things, this host trio is my absolutely favourite..

[@Kevin-wy9dv]

I agree I love him as a co-host.

[@SteveC38]

Great show, everybody! I really hope we continue to make rapid progress in this field so that accurate diagnosis and treatment can filter to everyday average people.

[@StarTalk]

We're with you-it's an area of great importance!

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil. you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@SgtStang]

10 seconds into the vid and I'm already laughing. This is why we all love star talk.

[@Olga-jm5xf]

A fantastic full hour of knowledge and fun! Yes, MORE than an hour will be welcomed on extensive topics such as this. Delighted, very delighted and grateful.

[@StarTalk]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@nels7347]

I grew up playing hockey baseball and football and I have had over 10 diagnosed concussions and I can't even think straight most of the time I don't know what's going on and I just wish all of it would end I allowed my daughter to play hockey and after her first concussion her mom and I told her that if she sustains one more head injury then she's no longer allowed to play which happened about a year later so we pulled her out and now we wish we would have pulled her out after the first one

[@dript7686]

Some ppl tried to merk me with a vehicle. Severe TBI, I'm very thankful that this is being talked about at all, especially with sincere knowledge and experiences. I hope the best for everyone. That Ding is a concussion p. Sure. I've definitely been there once.

[@terrytorkildson2831]

Great interview! This is a subject we all need to promote. Not to pile on what many others have said, but I’m just your average 57 midwesterner with Treatment Resistant Major Depressive Disorder, who lost his executive level position three years ago. I’ve been treated for depression for over 20 years before someone finally asked the right questions and diagnosed me. I have taken the written CTE test, my wife and I both heard the Dr say I had all the symptoms of CTE except dementia. When we received a written report I suddenly had no symptoms. At age seven I suffer a compound fracture of my left temple and a TBI. Starting at age 5 I had my first concussion, since that time I stopped counting at 20. It’s a testament to how poorly this country diagnoses mental health problems, and their abysmal record of treatment…it’s been 50 years since my TBI and no one has ever given me an MRI or EEG. I definitely do not want to taken anything away from what happened in the NFL, that was a willful disregard of human suffering and has cost to many lives. I’m selfishly saying, what about the rest of us and our families? The families suffer too. Thank you for taking on another difficult topic, keep up the good fight, and alway keep looking up. Hunter S. Thompson summed up a mental health sufferers life with meaning to, “The Edge... there is no honest way to explain it because the only people who really know where it is are the ones who have gone over”.

[@Gooseswe]

Thank you Neil and Chuck for bringing up this important matter. Always interesting watching Star Talk. Im a Patreon but rather watch you on YT. Keep up the great work

[@StarTalk]

Thanks for your support!

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil. , you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@DaBlondDude]

I remember reading about Owen Taylor, the family's struggle for information and the response of college ... or rather the lack of response, even complete denial and indifference. It's progress that things have changed. This is the first I've hear of bunting maybe become past tense.

[@TheExplodingGerbil]

Thank you for raising this issue. So Important

[@cianfurlong6336]

Very important talk, thanks Gary

[@crabman3722]

What a beautiful episode.

[@sunylou3992]

Awesome episode! Love the way Gary asks the questions in my head!

[@StarTalk]

Gary's always got the best questions!

[@mollybell5779]

Thank you for the education on this topic.

[@jmanj3917]

24:15, Having "enjoyed" multiple TBIs compliments of my military career, I am more than familiar with this and other tricks we need to play on ourselves just to remember what we're doing.

[@Solo-696]

Tomorrow makes 4 weeks since i was hit by a firetruck on my track bike. I had a subarachnoid hemorrhage on the language processing part of my brain, but luckily I've been having a speedy recovery. My main issue is generating words fast, but i can still talk to people normally. Could've been so much worse.

[@of7076]

I am glad you are recovering well! Makes me not want to ride my bicycle anymore before i get a new helmet. May I ask if you were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident?

[@theysisossenthime]

Wow, thank you for bringing more attention to this issue. I had some awareness but no where near the understanding of how wide spread it is.

[@StarTalk]

Glad it was helpful!

[@stax6092]

This is really important.

[@michaelpurcell9956]

How many other cases of "dementia" may be attributed to this type of trauma from many of the sports and activities when people were young? Is CTE a more encompassing diagnosis than just from sports (NFL) players?

[@Zurpanik]

Leave Gary alone! haha loved the episode! So grateful to learn the details about this very important topic

[@tericarter2019]

I was diagnosed with a tumor on my pituitary gland next to my optic nerve and I was told to have my prolactin levels checked to ensure the tumor is not growing and benign, Something regarding my adrenals and cortisol levels I cannot remember. I keep getting sent home when I ask for help with a diagnosis as I attempted to ask for a ct scan where I was later told they did not see anything that raised concern but I feel like I can feel the condition as I watched your show with a tennis ball under the base of my scull. My question is what kind of tests do you ask for for brain health and what type of tests specifically should you ask for ? I love your show and I would love to meet your father who I learned was an artist ...or at least see his work for starters. I will keep looking up as you say ..my favorite thing to do when I have my tennis ball under my scull in the evening time for relief.🌼

[@Synathidy]

Fascinating discussion. And some laughs as usual. Heather Berlin is great at talking neuroscience.

[@softerliving]

I had a brain injury from a rolling car accident. Haven't been the same since, over a decade ago. I practice brain training every day and am in the 98th percentile in all subjects. That doesn't negate the injury. It means I can think through headaches, visual disturbances, tremors, hypersensitivity, and what feels like fire through my brain and spine. As for those who are racial norming saying cognition has anything to do with the condition, they are not following the science. I'm smart, and I'm hurt. They aren't the same thing. Some days I have to think harder than others, and some days I have to sleep off the fog, but overall my cognition is intact.

[@anwarsoap5053]

Dr,Tyson, I congratulate you on conducting such a great show on a very serious topic. I am just an ordinary person so therefore I can only pray for Leonard & others who are suffering from this illness may Almighty God bless them with best of health & they remain with their families for long time. Ameen. Naved F. Fareedi. Sacramento California.

[@StarTalk]

Thank you for the kind words!

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil, you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@garystevenson3627]

Thank you

[@ayinke1481]

Thank you for another powerful, insightful eposide of Startalk 🙏🏽

[@StarTalk]

You are so welcome!

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil, you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@tayloralvidrez4342]

My TBI, 12/18/18 - 1/9/19 caused some noticable changes. My perception of temperature changed(feels a couple degrees cooler now) couple others I'll keep to myself

[@tanbui7869]

Another startalk banger!

[@kayanims]

Very important topic

[@johncombest6180]

Question; Can Finite Element Human Body Modeling (using a detailed brain) help facilitate CTE research? I am a ME working in this area (FE HBM) for 30 years and we have made great progress in understanding Concussion injuries, but I am not aware that we have extended this work for CTE (cumulative stress/Strain levels, white/gray matter shear levels, directionally, material fatigue...).

[@SuperMcgenius]

Thank you, helpful . Over ten concussion

[@flyfree78644]

Four years of high school football and two years of college football have left a mark on brain and body. Used to see stars a lot and knocked out several times. Now at 72 I have major concerns about memory and intellectual deficits. I teach college chemistry courses so I notice any lapse that occurs. Very frightening.

[@BeeReadyToday]

Thanks!

[@StarTalk]

Thank you!!!

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil.D,T, you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@waltermanson999]

YOU ARE MY HERO + AVENGERS AND TEAM !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! You are probably .... at least 20 - 50 % why I decide to live. LITERALLY. THANK YOU !

[@lalah9481]

How/where would someone get these tests (I’m assuming in combination of mixed scans and cognitive neural testing) accomplished and properly diagnosed??? How can we inquire as to the qualifications to even receive this level of care? I feel helpless watching my husbands decline and struggles.

[@PhoenixProdLLC]

You'd think in an hour long show on an important topic, they'd have considered on advance these questions would come up and had answers available. Otherwise, it's an hour of chatting about themselves and little else.

[@enadegheeghaghe6369]

@@PhoenixProdLLC if you are concerned you or your loved ones may have CTE the best thing to do is to start by talking to a neurologist.

[@Kplqw7601]

Mr. Tyson, im a 17yo student in Greece who is inspired from your speech, almost two years now, to become an astrophysicist. Although, im so excited from this branch I don't see any videos referring to all these fascinating theories because i think I'll lose my Passion. You know, this job is very theoritic, so i try focusing on the methodologies and keep my fantasy restricted for this and next year. I don't know if you are you are knowledgeable of the education system in Greece (that we sit on exams to go to the university of our choice) but whats your advise on my decision? Is it actually that fascinating this branch? Will it be difficult for me to go at an astronomy university abroad?

[@exile9844]

Give him an award pls

[@markw3953]

I can remember each of three distinctly. Saw some tweety birds for a minute, forgot what i had for breakfast, then carried on.

[@popbottle1000]

Hey there Neil, could you one day explain the significance of the Hypatia stone.

[@stephenhammond6962]

Leonard rules 👌

[@jessedirazonian9742]

Can mushrooms b used to help mend cte because of the neurotrophic effects

[@alstud1]

When you guys mentioned Joe, were you speaking of Theisman?

[@frogz]

Chuck, never change also, if im ever in NY, i'll fill you a bowl :)

[@murasaki848]

51:38 Reminds me of the brain surgery scene at the beginning of Buckaroo Banzai: "You can check your anatomy all you want, and even though there may be normal variation, when you get right down to it, this far inside the head it all looks the same... no, no, no, no. Don't tug on that. You never know what it might be attached to..."

[@willmpet]

See the TED presentation by Kim Gorgens about concussion.

[@ramkumarr1725]

9:58 The humble Neil ✌️

[@anthonylicalzi8771]

smart people are so funny and and in the know, ,, love it

[@erniemorales4416]

YEAH, We got a BID YOU to keep looking up!!a

[@aaronmcewin1618]

The bullet analogy is very insightful. A hit by a defensive end hitting a quarter is equivalent to an AK rifle bullet. Ding...

[@singingwater69]

No neurons in the brain? Why then do we so feel much pain with headaches (esp migraines) and at other times too ?

[@lynnlobliner3933]

Frank Gifford had it when he died. Don't know if he was diagnosed previous to his death. I love how Leonard Marshall refers to Dr. Tyson AS Dr. Tyson.

[@SHendrixx2]

Great interview… This dude is SHARP!! I hope he gets the help and makes the impact to bring about change and get the older players the pay they deserve!

[@MemeMakerMaybe]

Very interested video! I do have a question for a possible future video, are there more animals that have the same consciousness as humans? Like, do other animals know there are higher intelligences then them?

[@aaronmcewin1618]

There's a lot of animals that ram heads to mate. I wonder if those animals suffer concussions.

[@MemeMakerMaybe]

@@aaronmcewin1618 Yeah

[@wizard1404]

you are a great liar, Neil.D,T, you have deceived us for years. The sundial throws the sphere to the ground. They have lied to us.

[@tonyhorn2954]

CTE has become a big issue in professional wrestling as well. Classic case is the Wrestler Chris Benoit who upon autopsy was found to have the brain of an 87 year old alzheimer patient. His finishing move was the flying headbut where he dove off the top rope and drove his forehead into the chest of his opponent. Even considering the cushioning of the ring and the pulling of the actual impact, his brain was constantly undergoing small bursts of trauma virtually every time he was in the ring.

[@tysonmckinney5494]

Check out "The Crash Reel", ( an award winning documentary about..) and Love Your Brain, a 501c.3 started by the Kevin Pearce, focused on yoga and meditation for people with TBI's.

[@RohanKSharma]

United States really needs to fix healthcare! The stories often heard are completely bizarre from an outsider perspective. No health insurance for retired soldiers or players or for that matter anyone with a health problem is plainly inhumane!

[@nHans]

Well, one doesn't get to be the richest and most powerful country in the world without breaking a few eggs!

[@fraliexb]

I've seen chuck in a commercial once or twice.

[@Impaler722]

Neuro science guru, Heather Berlin!!! w00000

[@joseimpact]

marshall is a legend!

[@thisisbrotherhood769]

neil, are you going to address why so many sports players, especially in soccer, are dropping dead from heart problems all of a sudden

[@enadegheeghaghe6369]

How many soccer players are dropping dead compared to previous years or decades? What are the numbers?

[@thisisbrotherhood769]

@@enadegheeghaghe6369 nearing 100 in last year when it used to be near 0

[@NC-PTU-TITAN]

R.n.a helps a lot.

[@arlisallen5731]

Hey Neil tyson poem nothing can hide time until what's hidden is revealed experiences have appearances to excamine doubt without suffering is a void that needs to be employed the tears are clear the fears are near thanks to you for making your thoughts appear

[@arlisallen5731]

Have a blessed day

[@arlisallen5731]

Have a blessed day

[@arlisallen5731]

Have a blessed day

[@ddpwe5269]

Look at rugby players, they may not be as big as football guys, but they have some pretty big boys and at most, they wear boxing headgear, JUST to protect their ears from being ripped off.

[@dfresh834]

Besides being beautiful, Heather's hair is amazing!

[@JBNC37]

Moth and the 🔥 I understand

[@amomandherminions407]

This also covers anyone who has had brain surgery. I struggle daily.

[@MidwestDankAlumni]

I have a tbi

[@dropshot1967]

why would we use our hands in football/soccer? Then we would have to change the game's name for the same reason American football as it is played now should be renamed. LOL. Seriously though, this was very informative and it taught me another reason to be glad I stuck to Track and field instead of soccer.

[@squadwipesyt3639]

Can you run this calculation for me? How much energy transfer from a car going 60 while hitting the brakes hitting a 5 year old child in 1989 New Years Eve, sending them flying and landing face first in the middle of the street. Sliding across the street getting road rash on the entire left side of the body and leaving them unconscious for almost 24 hours. Only alive because they didn't see the vehicle speeding through an s turn with the view blocked by trees. Waking up and barely remembering their own name or the 2 people in the hospital room waiting for them to wake up.

[@colonelkurtz2269]

RIP Junior Seau

[@fairygurl9269]

Sometimes my Head Hurts so Much it feels like My Brain is trying to Ooze out the Top of My Head... I have Been Under the Assumption it was Flashbacks...cause I recall my Memories Somatically....

[@TyDie85]

...and this is why medical insurance, especially being tied to employment, is BS! Everyone deserves the best health care possible.

[@sandsmarc]

This is wrong. Health care is a service provided by humans to other humans. No one “deserves” any service and there is no “right” to health care or any other type of care. The fact is, care costs money, and you don’t get to steal money by forcing others to provide you with “free” care of any kind.

[@tysonmckinney5494]

This also I think goes to the idea of a modern "Colosseum Effect", or a way for controlling entities to regulate discord in populations and create a sense of ready made community. Who are we willing to "sacrifice", or instill a sense of "pride" and bravado, for the vicarious "pride" /pleasure of the masses. I played a lot of sports from age 6 into my 20's. Football was the worst. Last count was around 30 concussions, not to mention a lot of the smaller head traumas. The mediation and yoga really do help, though CBD and the like are also good.

[@loudtim265]

Neil, you’ve never seen Mannequin?? Lololol. I kid, I kid.

[@carlitocash]

I'd love for my brain to get scanned from playing football and wrestling in my earlier years.

[@nashonator8544]

Thats how the brain talks to the brain. LMAO

[@king5phenom]

Hit then with another 1✌🏻🇺🇸🚀💫🌟

[@montanamike7948]

why is everyone sharing people they know that had concussions lol

[@emperorgizmo3014]

Chuck you don't need to worry about the Robots CPUs or show any consideration for robots. Now if they start to develop sentience then I think it's time to discuss giving them rights.

[@tylerboothman4496]

I've had 3 or 4 by the time I was 9

[@willmpet]

American football combines the worst two aspects of American society-needless violence and committee meetings!

[@ramkumarr1725]

America is just good. No challenger ✌️

[@lavendula6759]

Sometimes it's not a topic that jokes work in...

[@SpudBro1]

Can someone tell chuck about timing and when to jump in with a joke…