What Is Raman Spectroscopy?

When incident light scatters from the material that it interacts with, the vast majority of the photon scattering happens elastically, which is called Rayleigh scattering. Raman spectroscopy measures the tiny proportion of the photons that are scattered inelastically.
The vibrational state of a molecule can be excited to an energy level above ground state by a photon that loses energy during the Stokes scattering event, or the photon that scatters can gain energy from the drop of vibrational state of the molecule which is called anti-Stokes scattering. These two scattering events are the core of Raman spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy yields information of the molecular structure of the sample.
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