*Addendum* - Flat != Smooth, _please_ don't fill the comments with hate.
@graealex3 жыл бұрын
Did you know that "flat" and "smooth" means different things? 😉
@maxmustermann53533 жыл бұрын
@Breaking Taps pin it to the top!
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
@@maxmustermann5353 Whoops, cheers. Pinned!
@2lefThumbs3 жыл бұрын
Yeah was going to comment on the colour, then the lambda/x thing. Lambda /20 means the surface as a whole doesn't deviate from being flat by that much, they generally give a scratch/dig or similar rating along with that for local deviation/ roughness. A lot of flatness testing in general metrology is done using sodium's yellow lines btw, optics suppliers favour 633
@kubeek3 жыл бұрын
can you please elaborate on how "RMS roughness (Sq)" is obtained? Is it the same thing as RMS of points on a single sweep line, just accounting all the height measurements in the measured area? And the peak numbers at say 2:45 are 30nm above the average and 9nm below the average?
@ross1235403 жыл бұрын
please do a harddrive platter.
@jameswkirk3 жыл бұрын
And a hard drive read/write head...
@tootalldan57023 жыл бұрын
@@paulvolz720 thanks for the link
@TheAlanSaunders2 жыл бұрын
@@tootalldan5702 I do not see a post from @Paul Volz or a link.
@TheAlanSaunders2 жыл бұрын
@@jameswkirk and @Ross Harrison: I was a CE with IBM UK in the 1970s and 80s spanning the era of large multi platter "removable disk packs" to large multi platter fixed disks. I often gave presentations with diagrams showing the flying height of the heads compared with a particle of smoke or a fingerprint. IIRC, the heads had a radius of ~200' (~60m) to enable them to fly like an aeroplane wing. With my limited understanding of aerodynamics I believe that the surfaces of both the disk and the head would need some regular variation to provide optimal lift; much as an aeroplane, especially a glider (sailplane) flying close to the ground obtains an advantage compared to flight at altitude. I doubt that even modern HDDs with 5 nM flying height can compete with 'the smoothest surface' but they probably have strict limits on the variation of the maximum and minimum deviation from the mean.
@josephking65152 жыл бұрын
Oh yeah, good one! 👍👍
@bkm834422 жыл бұрын
I worked in the semiconductor industry for 12 years. We could regularly achieve thin films (e.g. Titanium Nitride or Silicon Nitride) on silicon wafers with less than 0.1 nm roughness and flatness.
@dustinyoung30692 жыл бұрын
Thats... less than 100 picometers- wowzers. I get why quantum entanglement is a concern for those tiny-ass logic gates.
@owencarter64172 жыл бұрын
@@dustinyoung3069 your thinking of quantum tunneling
@caterpillar62982 жыл бұрын
@@owencarter6417 that too
@janami-dharmam2 жыл бұрын
Just to have a reference, 0.1nm is smaller than the diameter of a hydrogen atom. A single molecule layer of Si3N4 will be much thicker than 0.1nm but the smoothness will be dependent on the underlying layer geometry and topography
@lightlaserstarwars2 жыл бұрын
The silicon he showed is bad. Silicon out of the box should be up about an angstrom roughness over a few micron scan. Measuring roughness with an AFM is limited by the tip. Older tips will blunt and give a lower roughness
@mcdoj27633 жыл бұрын
"Do you want to experience true level, Morty??"
@Molb0rg3 жыл бұрын
yes, yes, i'am lol
@Guilherme-vh6co3 жыл бұрын
LAMBS TO THE COSMIC SLAUGHTER!!!
@Ranch3213 жыл бұрын
@Emory Mason was about to say i was about to say a similar joke b4 i saw this
@palleppalsson3 жыл бұрын
Yup, found the comment I was looking for.
@erkintek2 жыл бұрын
I expected this joke
@tonyb7748 Жыл бұрын
My mother worked for Rec Silicon back in the 80's. she was a machinist and also a lab engineer. sometimes when a wafer would be out of spec, she would make insanely thin throwing stars or snow flakes from them to give to us as little presents. We would also get huge globs of silicon that looked like 5" slugs that melted. Some had some pretty interesting shapes to them, top hat, sausage, spaghetti etc. don't know what happened to them but she told me on several occasions that the materials were worth about 150k a pound before they were messed up.
@andymouse3 жыл бұрын
We used to use Mica for LEED or ' Low Energy Electron Diffraction ' because of its atomically flat surface it was used as test samples to put the instrument through its paces, I cant get enough of this stuff !....cheers.
@tootalldan57023 жыл бұрын
I wonder if the Mica surface coating with a plasma spray would be just as flat.
@jimbobjoe2 жыл бұрын
those high points on the slide are most likely caused by roll "pic out" when the glass is floated, the roll's that lift it out of the tin bath are touching glass that is 1200ish F. The glass is still slightly tacky, and the roll's can stick and cause these little tiny pulls on the glass as it conveys down the line.
@Obladgolated2 жыл бұрын
Nice info, thanks!
@wouldntyaliktono3 жыл бұрын
You are the reason I am now being aggressively retargeted by atomic force microscope advertisers on KZbin.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
😂 Sorry! haha :)
@noelsnave93953 жыл бұрын
Just buy one
@anotherriddle3 жыл бұрын
Haha, the same here. The funny thing is, I don't mind at all. That stuff is really cool! I also had a phase where I got ads for 5 Axis simultaneous CNC machining centers, Oscilloscopes, function generators, ... And Amazon is asking me if I want a business account. No, this is for my hobby, lol. Would be nice if I didn't have to pay taxes. xD
@Dmanning113 жыл бұрын
I don’t need one, but it’s now on my Christmas list 😅
@DankNoodles4203 жыл бұрын
ooof no ad blocker
@CR3W1SH03S2 жыл бұрын
Mica is crazy!!! Nature blows away the very best man has to offer. It really is an amazing world.
@cactiman65932 жыл бұрын
It blows away the best of what most of man could do. Scientists could do better
@MakeTechPtyLtd3 жыл бұрын
The 3d scans you've made are so awesome! Well done.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Blender is super rad :)
@jcsjcs22 жыл бұрын
I think it's a 2D scan. Height is measured and used in the plot. Definitely nice.
@alexeynezhdanov23622 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTaps Actually, it might have been better if you aligned these 6 pieces not by the lowest point but by the average point. This way you wouldn't have these plateaus.
@onegerard1 Жыл бұрын
@@alexeynezhdanov2362 might that not be due to the speed of the chisel? say yes please i am so sure
@wsshambaugh2 жыл бұрын
You have all the pieces to do a project I’ve been thinking about for a while. A few years ago as I was leaving an aerospace job, our mechanical guys were raving about a new surface finishing method coming onto the market. Basically, you’d do a Fourier transform of the surface roughness to extract the spatial ‘frequency’ content. Then you’d put your object into a tub filled with a uniformly sized sand-like media, and vibrate it at those frequencies (I forget how they transformed freqs from distance to time), and you could notch down the specific frequency content of the surface roughness. Apparently it gave much much better polish to complex geometries that are hard to polish otherwise.
@ramradhakrishnan93822 жыл бұрын
Frequency, yes. But how would the phase be controlled - would there not be a kind off bad phase-lock that would dig the valleys deeper?
@wsshambaugh2 жыл бұрын
@@ramradhakrishnan9382 I don't remember all the technical details. But I don't see how that would dig valleys deeper - it could widen them to be sure, but an impact normal to the bottom of a valley would be just as likely as an impact normal to anywhere else. Phase shouldn't matter too much.
@MagicMahn3 жыл бұрын
I work in a fab where wafers are very prominent. Some moron stacked a bunch of wafers on top of each other. Let me tell you getting those apart took some work.. even trying to slide them apart was difficult. Felt like magnets. Cool to learn more detail about them.
@michalchik2 жыл бұрын
I wonder if soaking the stack of wafers in helium or hydrogen gas at a reasonably high temperature would have been a way to separate them especially if you stack them on their side so they didn't have any gravitational force pushing them back together. Basically the gas would intercalate between the sheets and maybe allow them to gradually move apart, especially if they were under tension of some sort
@MagicMahn2 жыл бұрын
@@michalchik Inside a vacuum,, our machines actually use helium on the bottom side of the wafer to try and push it up when it's stuck. The surface it sits on is so fine that it too feels like a magnet. The surface also gets turned up to 60C to help relieve the stuck-ness. If we attempt to push it up pass a certain flow of helium (5-15 sccm) we risk blowing the wafer to pieces when it releases.
@MoDawdy2 жыл бұрын
work at a fab too.... breaking wafers is far more interesting....
@deividasleonavicius50712 жыл бұрын
@@MoDawdy And that's why we have a chip shortage
@ralanham762 жыл бұрын
So when you work at the fab do high five and say fabulous 🤩
@felixpelletier42963 жыл бұрын
The flattest surface is the Earth, of course 😉
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
I very nearly made a joke about that, but decided not to tempt the fates / internet 😂
@felixpelletier42963 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTaps I've got you man
@mattfleming863 жыл бұрын
Shhhhh.... they'll find us! We might want to barricade up.
@ChrisHarmon13 жыл бұрын
In all seriousness, this is not a joking matter. Idiocracy was a prophetic documentary...
@StormBurnX3 жыл бұрын
@@ChrisHarmon1 the smoothness is in the flat-earthers’ brains, then.
@UncleKennysPlace3 жыл бұрын
I grind lenses and mirrors as a hobby, and flat (and smooth, as well) is more difficult to achieve than a figure of revolution. We settle for "quarter wave" but aim for the limits of our [optical] measuring capabilities. For smoothness and final figuring we use a lap of pitch, and cerium oxide or rouge to polish. Great fun for an introvert. PS: I've been buying stuff from Edmund for half a century.
@peteabc13 жыл бұрын
That's something I want to learn. How it's done? With the 3 flats?
@Obladgolated2 жыл бұрын
I got to visit a factory in which a lot of Edmund products were manufactured. Gratings, Ronchi Rulings, reticules, first-surface mirrors, all that sort of thing. It was in a formerly industrial area of Philadelphia, and was owned and operated by a somewhat eccentric (but brilliant) man who once worked on the team that developed the guidance system for the Sidewinder missile, back in the 1950s. He told me a fascinating story about how they got that missile to home in on an infrared source in flight, using all analog electronics, no microprocessors, no stepper motors. Truly impressive level of ingenuity.
@alwayscensored68712 жыл бұрын
Use a big piece of Mica?
@petermgruhn Жыл бұрын
@@Obladgolated Right up my Dad's alley. He probs would have liked to talk to the guy.
@richtomlinson70909 ай бұрын
@@peteabc1 i worked in an Optical lab, and sometimes we would need Plano lense. I would grind the lenses on a Coburn lens generator, and grind at the flatest curve possible and reposition the lens four times, and it would be bumpy. We take that lens to a Sphere Pot, and use our 0 diopter lap, and rock it in and out of the center, and after awhile it gets quite flat. We sometimes needed a lens that was just Oh So close to flat, but when using the sagometer, it would read just a hair convex, and when we would epoxy it to a flat dive mask, it wouldn't trap bubbles between the stock mask and the Optical lens, and it would seem totally flat, but not quite. When I would grind carbide in a machine shop, we had a large diameter lapping table that would create the first reference side to grind all other sides for carbide cutting tool inserts. It's almost easier to create a pretty good flat, than to purposely miss the mark and make a minute curve I now work in a Granite shop, and Granite countertop materials are only real close to flat, but appear flat.
@allyourcode2 жыл бұрын
TSMC: Check out this super smooth wafer. Mica: *laughs in atomic flatness*
@5thearth3 жыл бұрын
Re: the oxide (glass) layer on silicon wafers: I used to have a job at a wafer company. One step of the cleaning process was a soak in hydrofluoric acid, which would dissolve the oxide layer and expose the bare silicon. You could tell when the process worked because silica is hydrophilic, but silicon is hydrophobic. A pre-HF wafer would be "wetted" when rinsed with water, but afterwards the water would bead up.
@eagames4562 жыл бұрын
Quick question: Does the oxide layer on the wafers prevent the semiconductor contacting the cooler/ heat spreader on top of the chip? I always wondered why conductive materials could just be squeezed onto CPUs without messing with the transistors underneath.
@5thearth2 жыл бұрын
@@eagames456 finished CPUs and other chips are coated in a protective layer of epoxy. You never actually see the silicon itself in a finished chip.
@stuartgilroy2 жыл бұрын
I knew they used hydrofluoric making chips because of a terrifying story I heard from a friend who worked for Microsoft in the 90's, but I always wondered what it was actually used for. Thanks Ian
@Mae_is_gae2 жыл бұрын
Oh damn, bone hurting juice
@squelchstuff3 жыл бұрын
Wow! I knew mica could be cleaved to restore its optical properties in furnace windows, but I wasn't aware how flat it actually was. Another eye opening episode. Oh, and I chuckled at the shirt.
@coryroberts75192 жыл бұрын
This is insanely impressive! We have outcrops of mica around where I live and as kids we would sit sometimes for hours peeling the layers of this mineral!
@SoulDelSol Жыл бұрын
Same
@thewokal56413 жыл бұрын
That one dislike was a disappointed flat earther
@lordjaashin3 жыл бұрын
na it was your smooth brain.
@numby16793 жыл бұрын
@@lordjaashin no u
@livedandletdie2 жыл бұрын
It was probably someone who is against the unethical Mica mining which is basically 80% Child Slave Labour.
@bazoo513 Жыл бұрын
I don't know what is more fascinating: your videos or a wonderful bunch of experts and/or knowledgeable nerds they attract. 👍
@GabeUnger3 жыл бұрын
You are such an underrated channel. You explain things so wonderfully, and your passion about the topics are evident. I love it!
@Bl4ckw0lf12 жыл бұрын
I think that he ranks up there with Destin, Kevin, Steve Mould, Tom Scott, Captain Disillusion and Beekman.
@lotharerkens81542 жыл бұрын
Have you tried to microscope slide's other side, too? One side was in direct contact withe tin bath and will have tiny particles of tin bonded to it, the upper side was only in contact with air and should have no contaminants embedded. For windows we actually have to identify the "tin side" as it has slightly different reflective properties.
@imdrunken2 жыл бұрын
Was looking for this comment!
@terrygoyan2 жыл бұрын
How do you identify the tin side?
@EricLS2 жыл бұрын
@@terrygoyan second this question
@Taydrum2 жыл бұрын
@@terrygoyan By looking at it, and you can tell because of the way it is.
@mayhemdiscordchaosohmy5732 жыл бұрын
1st time on your channel. I enjoyed it immensely! I knew mica was molecularly cleavable but did not know it was molecularly flat! Here's one for you to check, Scalpels, there are specialized scalpels that use obsidian for the cutting edge because it can ubtain and hold a sharpness down to that molecular edge! I'd be curious to know the actual thickness and what, if any variation on the exact edge is?! (EDIT - My apologies, *OBTAIN not
@WoodenWeaponry3 жыл бұрын
How your channel has not blown up completely is beyond me.
@warrax1113 жыл бұрын
Its because youtube algorythm doesnt recommend his videos very often. I see it first time recommended, and first video watched, and he's up 3 years. So that's the reason.
@springbloom59402 жыл бұрын
I ground my own 1/16 wave secondary, from a pyrex blank. The technical term for 'flat', is 'infinite radius'.
@johnnyxmusic Жыл бұрын
Some guitar players like it that way.
@springbloom5940 Жыл бұрын
@@johnnyxmusic I prefer a 9.5" radius
@johnnyxmusic Жыл бұрын
@@springbloom5940 I don’t think many players really prefer a flat fretboard. I’m just trying to make a joke. I mean classical guitars have flat fretboards.Even super-shredder guitars have like a 20 inch radius. 9.5 inches sounds like a wonderful improvement over 7 1/4 inch Fender original. I’ve never played a guitar with a compound radius…that might be interesting.
@springbloom5940 Жыл бұрын
@@johnnyxmusic Im missing my index and middle fingers, so a tight radius and narrow neck give me better access up at the nut and more leverage in my grip. Fender started using 9.5" in the 90s I think.
@gabewrsewell3 жыл бұрын
very cool! i was able to guess what the smoothest surface was going to be after i saw that atomic terrace surface in the unoxidized silicon wafer scan in that paper there! so i guessed about 5 seconds in advance, i count that as a win
@WJRHalyn-jw2ho2 жыл бұрын
Not only a win, but possibly an 8 outta 10 on the psychic forecasting scale!
@gabewrsewell2 жыл бұрын
@@WJRHalyn-jw2ho rockhounding as a kid has paid dividends!
@TheEvertw2 жыл бұрын
I think the flattest and smoothest surface you can readily find will be a hard-disk platter. They have a roughness of about 0.1nm (!), according to the first source I found on the internet.
@paulvolz7203 жыл бұрын
great video! aluminium has a better reflectivity than silver in visible light. it is often used for mirrors in high precision instruments because of that. silver is only commonly used in mirrors because of its corrosion resistance.
@jimurrata67853 жыл бұрын
As long as there are no traces of sulfur in the environment. Otherwise silver does tarnish quite readily. It doesnt develop pits like aluminum oxide does
@primus7113 жыл бұрын
Why silver isnt used for contact pads in electronics even though its the best conductor
@jimurrata67853 жыл бұрын
@@primus711 Silver tarnishes very easily. This creates a lot of resistance. It also doesn't have a high melting temperature, and that could be important if you are passing a lot of current. Meanwhile... I have a bunch of high current relays with silver contacts. 🤷♂️
@Sembazuru2 жыл бұрын
@@jimurrata6785 I've occasionally come across old silver coated component leads. You need to remove the tarnish layer (either mechanically or chemically) to properly solder it. The RMA fluxes that I usually use for soldering does nothing to cut through the tarnish layer. For relay contacts, hopefully the contacts are designed to provide a small amount of mechanical wipe when closing to break through the tarnish layer to get to the conductive silver.
@DjBigRed10002 жыл бұрын
I am usually hesitant to watch videos with "click-baity" titles (like ______will surprise you!), but I gotta say, that WAS an incredibly flat surface, and I actually WAS surprised by the source! Fair play, sir. Subscribed.
@th0m Жыл бұрын
Was pretty sure I knew where this was headed from the beginning but it still blows my mind every time. The natural world is so dang cool if you know where to look
@rockspoon65282 жыл бұрын
If you ever do another part, could you do a fiber optic cable? We cleave those to get an atomically-flat face as well.
@DVL_Main2 жыл бұрын
I just finished the second Three Body Problem book. The scene where they discover the probe is a perfectly flat surface and what that meant was awesome. Cool to see that even the most flat item you could find is still bumpy by appearance at a micro level is neat.
@pyjamakid39822 жыл бұрын
"Nothing but a flat surface" Mica-chan: "b-b-baka! Im not flat !!"
@mayhemdiscordchaosohmy5732 жыл бұрын
Hahahahaha
@ihaveseverefrootsnackism2 жыл бұрын
rushia chan ;)
@FriendlyCynic2 жыл бұрын
Another way to think about smooth vs flat is like this: I can take a solid wooden bench whose flat from one end to the other, but somewhere in the middle take a razorblade and scratch it. The whole table is still flat from end to end, but the surface is rough because of the scratches from the razor.
@waldovanderwesthuizen45573 жыл бұрын
I really love your work and your videos really communicate the concepts you deal with well. On the other hand I am very curious about how you went from machining videos (breaking taps 😅) to full on physics (breaking minds... 🤯)... I'll be back for the next one... 😌
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! And haha yeah... definitely changed the content a little over time :) So the main reason is that I wanted to run some home experiments and projects a few years ago, but kept wanting/needing custom metal parts. Throw in a bit of This Old Tony binge watching and a cheap milling machine for sale locally, and I got distracted from my original projects and started learning machining instead. Thought it would be fun to document on YT and then one thing led to the next and here I am scanning mica with an AFM :)
@waldovanderwesthuizen45573 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTaps I completely understand how a person can get sidetracked working on physics experiments. For me, my greatest manufacturing hurdel is needing custom glass parts (scientific glass blowing) rather than metal parts. I want to replicate the early (middle to late 1800s) vacuum physics experiments that was built using glass. Things like the Sprengel pump and Crookes tube.
@owenruff47962 жыл бұрын
Something interesting to look at would be a mechanical seal since their flatness is measured in helium light bands, probably not as smooth as some of the other surfaces but they are pretty darn
@EricDalgetty3 жыл бұрын
So was the mica you scanned the piece that you had just sliced? Or does it look that nice right from the beginning? Really cool video!
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Different piece, I filmed the cleavage bit the day before so I ended up cleaving a fresh piece for the actual scan. If you let the freshly-cleaved surface sit too long, it starts to react with the environment and pick up defects (the crystal has a lot of dangling K+ ions, which start to react with water and CO2 to produce tiny carbonate crystals on the surface over time) But it's pretty representative of what you see. Super flat and free of particulate, although if you're unlucky it is still possible to land on a "step" where the layer breaks and you go up or down to a new sheet. You can see those "steps" on the piece I cleaved as little concentric circles. They are like millimeter sized though so pretty easy to avoid.
@normanhairston14112 жыл бұрын
Originally, Corning's fusion glass process was to make car windshields. However, the float process was invented at the same time and float had adequate flatness but was much cheaper. Corning kept its fusion glass process running making microscope slides. It was useful as microscope slides because it was virtualy perfectly flat as the glass surface was not polished and was never touched by anything but air. The particles on the slide you have are probably chips from the slied cutting process. Of course, eventually LCDs came along that needed fusion glass flatness and that is the primary use of fusion glass today.
@mvadu3 жыл бұрын
Any chance you have an old hard disk metal platter and source a newer generation higher density shingle drive platter? It will be an interesting way to see how the storage generations improved overtime and shrunk at a nano scale..
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Hmmm... definitely have plenty of old HDDs sitting around. Unsure if I have a newer shingled variety, will see if I do (and/or obtain one). Not sure if anything would show up but I agree it'd be interesting to check!
@maxmustermann53533 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTapsThat would be cool! 👍
@jeffreyyoung41047 ай бұрын
Depending on the size of mica you need, there are large sheets sold for wood stoves, and they were used for many years, as they didn't have high temperature glass when mica was used.
@TheSpeenort2 жыл бұрын
I had to pipe gases through stainless steel and was surprised that smoothest interior surface had a matte appearance rather than a mirror. The reason was that the polished mirror surface had sharp crystalline edges when seen under an electron microscope and the etched matte finish had rounded crystalline edges.
@markp57262 жыл бұрын
I wonder if they were processed with abrasive fluid machining (AKA hydroerosive grinding). A former employer made diesel injectors, and used AFM to radius the orifices and (IIRC) adjust K-factor. Pumping a diamond-powder-bearing fluid around at high pressure... now that's a recipe for a self-destructing machine!
@TheSpeenort2 жыл бұрын
@@markp5726 We were told it was hydrofluoric acid etched.
@LaserJake992 жыл бұрын
632.8 is red HeNe transition, not green. It is typically used for flatness specs so 1/20 lambda would be 632.8/20 I believe the 589.5924 sodium D lins is used for refractive index measurements. No real reason not to use a green wavelength such as 532 yag SHG, except the HeNe lasers are easier to control single frequency or Zeeman split modes for very long coherence length which is needed for precise interferometric measurements. That's why 632.8 is a standard today.
@jamesmauer7398 Жыл бұрын
I was going to comment on this also - glad to see someone else noticed.
@Alexander_Sannikov3 жыл бұрын
hey, some good stuff! was quite surprised to learn about precision ground quartz, about normal glass slide and mica.
@hbmike472 жыл бұрын
Your mention of glass slides brought back a flash memory from about 50 years ago. I was working a summer job at hospital lab and for a time was assigned to the PKU lab. There, one person was responsible to run all the PKU tests (Guthrie heel blot cards) for a very wide region. Economy of scale was key in what was a total manual process. Anyway, the lady who ran the lab brought in silk fabric and had me hand polish hundreds of new glass slides Apparently it cleared roughness that interfered with the test. Why silk? Apparently it's quite strong stuff so the threads on a tight woven silk fabric resist friction wear and shredding and can polish the small pulls or contaminates off the glass surface without scratching. Anyway, it's an easy experiment you might try.
@BobWidlefish3 жыл бұрын
I love high precision work, awesome!!! I’ve never done anything with flatness or smoothness, though I have played with very small increments of time. Some of the things you have to measure in computers and networking only take a fraction of a nanosecond, so you have to think and measure in pico and fempto and yakcto seconds. :) High precision is difficult though fun!
@whatelseison89703 жыл бұрын
Gesundheit
@WJRHalyn-jw2ho2 жыл бұрын
"femto" "yocto" IF you're going for "precision"... (micro-, nano-, pico-, femto-, atto-, zepto-, yocto-, etc.) (And there are still people who believe "zepto" was one of the comedic Marx brothers. ;-D )
@wirebrushproductions1001 Жыл бұрын
You ought to mention that the mica is only a perfect surface over a certain range. At about 7:46 you see lines where you're jumping from one crystal plane to another. Showing a scan of an area with that change would be really interesting, in order to show just how big the steps are. At any rate, it's easy to find uniform surfaces larger than the FOV of of your microscope, but they are not arbitrarily large.
@BreakingTaps Жыл бұрын
Yep that's a good point! And that the surface degrades over time as it's exposed to air.
@iamtheomega2 жыл бұрын
mica very common in rocky areas of midwest, find chunks of muscovite stacks at random. i think was used as window material before glass in the West
@jimquinn3 жыл бұрын
I suggest the book "The Surface Texture Answer Book" by Malburg and Musolff (2021) for the definitions of roughness, waviness, form, lay, and profile. When you say "RMS", I assume you are referring to Rq or Sq. Great video, again!!
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Oh, rad thanks! Will check it out! Definitely not my field of expertise, as evidenced by the sketchy explanation about flatness and roughess (I realized halfway through explaining I wasn't quite sure... you can see the panic haha). But yes you're correct, the RMS numbers I was quoting were "RMS roughness (sq)" values straight from Gwyddion.
@joelwatson9233 Жыл бұрын
I work in metrology, specifically with CMM's and not with optical measurement. Those spikes on the glass slide look a lot like dust particles on a scan done with touch probes. You'd be surprised how small dust can get, I typically use compressed air to get rid of that
@ChimeraActual2 жыл бұрын
Jointers and other carpenters who make flat surfaces in wood know that there are three different qualities of flatness and use different tools to address each. Just considering hand tools; Jointing planes, like Stanley #7 and #8 remove waves, smoothing planes, like the Stanley #4 remove bumps, and hand scrapers remove pics. Pics are those those pointy ends of grain runout that lift off the surface when you coat a plank; which is why you use a sanding sealer before the final scraping. Great video, BTW.
@benjamincolumbus3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! I find everything in your videos so interesting, but don't have the means to do this kind of thing myself. I find your videos to be very valuable learning resources.
@edwaggoner74032 жыл бұрын
I worked for a quartz crystal manufacturing company 1974 to 1980. The crystals were used for frequency control in the electronics field. We regularly polished 3/8 " diameter quartz blanks to less than 3 angstroms flat. We did not have an electron microscope. If we had imperfections the product failed.
@billpeiman89733 жыл бұрын
How long do these scans take?
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Really fast scans (128x128) are 10-20 seconds, I use those to roughly find interesting features. Moderately fast scans (256x256) are about 80 seconds and I sometimes use those to sanity check a region, make sure there aren't any super large features that might cause problems, etc etc. Most of the scans I end up showing are done at 512x512 which take 3-4 minutes iirc. Haven't timed it but something in that ballpark
@billpeiman89733 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTaps Thanks; faster than I expected. I did electron microscope install/repair in the '70s and kept my interest in microscopy.
@nozyspy49672 жыл бұрын
I once read somewhere they if you scaled a billiard ball up to the size of the Earth, the Earths surface would actually be smoother.
@marcelo558693 жыл бұрын
Rushia-chan fans: "Well I know about a surface that is even more fla... AHHH!!!"
@Protect_all_ljf3forms3 жыл бұрын
=^) I think the answer of why YT put this in our recommendations
@bug56542 жыл бұрын
@@Protect_all_ljf3forms Can confirm. See you on the other sid-
@jcsjcs22 жыл бұрын
We used Mica to demonstrate the proper AFM function of some of our devices. The goal was to obtain an atomically resolved image. Depending on the settings you used, the atoms could look like huge elevations because the cantilever would stick and bend as the piezo scanner continued pulling or pushing the cantilever over the surface. The optical detector would interpret the bending as a normal force, not only a lateral force, making the atoms look like mountains compared to what the should have been.
@hamburgerhamburgerv22 жыл бұрын
8:03 smoothness of a Twitter user’s brain
@valerystpnv11802 жыл бұрын
if a sufficiently large NaCl crystal is cleaved with a knife, then very flat areas with “zero” roughness can be found on the cleavage. The multibeam interferometer even shows the exit lines of dislocations. This gives a step of 5 angstroms - the thickness of a monatomic layer. But, of course, the surface quickly floats under the action of atmospheric moisture. I used this method 40 years ago to calibrate a microhardness tester :)
@codyhufstetler6432 жыл бұрын
"this silicon wafer I had around the shop" Goals
@dennisk58182 жыл бұрын
This was a fascinating discussion. I got to thinking that in the end, as a visual system, the resolution of our eye is so bad when compared to these surfaces, that they all appear 'flat and smooth'. I've also enjoyed the technical aspects of many of the comments.
@canrex75402 жыл бұрын
Loved how the Mica deviation was essentially invisible when each sample was given the same scale!
@Skeptical_Numbat2 жыл бұрын
Very intriguing. Now I have to wonder which materials would exhibit ultimate "flatness". What sort of factors would there need to be for better "flatness"? • Would it need to be metallic/metalloid, or could organic materials (like diamond) demonstrate impressive "flatness". • The crystalline structure of the material. Logically smaller crystals would be better, but do they in reality. • Density. Can highly dense metals can be ground/polished to greater tolerences? • Hardness. Diamond & some more esoteric materials.q • State. Does it have to be a solid, or could a liquid exhibit ultimate "flatness" (under certain circumstances)? • Temperature. Can temperature microfluctuations in the surface of the material affect the reading? • What haven't I considered? Specific materials I'd like to see: • Graphene - structure • Diamond - rigid crystalline (monocrystalline?) structure • Iridium - density • Tungsten - Very hard • Molten Tin - already used to make the very smooth float glass. • Water - perhaps under rotation, or centrifugal force. There's also the methods used to cut/grind a smooth, "flat" surface, such as diamond/corundum grit, splitting along the crystalline lines (eg: as you showed with Mica) & then there's using narrow wavelength lasers to both cut & "polish" surfaces.
@Calupp2 жыл бұрын
bro this lighting is so good it makes you look like a render
@camdenfurry51875 ай бұрын
After 2 years of being in my reccomended here I finally am. You got me youtube. I caved
@TheRealFreznoBob2 жыл бұрын
I was of the understanding that all float glass was ground to flatness, floating was insufficient alone but aided it
@i-never-look-at-replies-lol2 жыл бұрын
Mica was really abundant where I grew up (along with tufa and obsidian). I loved to pick pieces up and peel off the flakes to see how thin I could go!
@rashakawa2 жыл бұрын
I have absolutely no idea what you're talking about but I liked it.
@eugenetswong2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the explantions, and the images.
@jamesrosenberg16122 жыл бұрын
I've run AFM on mica sheets before when we were trying to put nanotubes on them to measure individually! super cool how flat it is.
@DrHarryT8 ай бұрын
Scan the glass slide first to identify the imperfections, then apply and scan the nanoparticles then remove the imperfection considerations from the final scan results.
@paranormalackivvity48662 жыл бұрын
i was supposed to be doing schoolwork but here i am looking at a guy explain the flattest materials
@Pronobozo2 жыл бұрын
wow splitting that mica is insane.
@nicknorthcutt76804 ай бұрын
So interesting! Thank you for your hard work and great content! 😊
@napalmholocaust9093 Жыл бұрын
The truest surface most people have cheap and available is the backside of a mirror. I've only used it for flat sanding. Also float glass. Backside only.
@simontist2 жыл бұрын
For float glass, the roughness is probably so low because of surface tension.
@inamdarkapil Жыл бұрын
7:36 I remember first time handling a mica sheet I tried removing the layers assuming it was just a plastic lamination protecting the real deal.
@o0julek0o2 жыл бұрын
Finally, a suitable printbed for my 3D printer
@finickybits80552 жыл бұрын
Nature once again pulling off shit we can’t with all the tech in the world! Love it!
@techraptorx2 жыл бұрын
Great!!, You can use this to make multiple scans and then use it as a calibration piece...
@bentindale75332 жыл бұрын
I believe smoothness can be characterized by the theoretical flat area of a region divided by its actual surface area
@ghlscitel6714 Жыл бұрын
The wavelength of the test ray related to the precision denomination lambda/20 is between 490 and 575 nm (green), not 632 nm (which is red-orange)
@terieffo8 Жыл бұрын
Very interesting video. As a retired engineer as far as home based engineering projects go inc. grinding an astronomical mirror goes there's no need to go anywhere near these ultra fine limits.
@aquacultureafrica2 жыл бұрын
Best You Tube video I have seen in a long time! You don't need to be apologetic, you did a perfectly fine job of telling us ignoramuses all about it.
@Sk0lzky2 жыл бұрын
Me, a hobbyist bladesmith: so this is what the kind of person that returns an order because "the polish is actually not smooth" looks like!
@thetalantonx2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, oh mighty algorithm, for bestowing this wonderfully niche yet fascinating video upon me. I have made the Sign of the Thumb and Rang the Crimson Bell, may the mighty algorithm favor this content and share it with others.
@DeltaSierra1812 жыл бұрын
IMAGINE. Being so tiny, that you reside in the valleys of mountains, whilst living on a piece of MICA.
@mikemullenix69567 ай бұрын
Another interesting use of mica is in the construction of alfa particles measuring probes. One of the few materials used in pancake Geiger counter probes. That let's alfa radiation through for counting particles.
@3dgar7eandro6 ай бұрын
Why I'm watching so many videos of this channel.... 😂😂😂
@badgermike12312 жыл бұрын
There's nothing flatter than a good Norm MacDonald joke told by Norm himself.
@blueplasma55892 жыл бұрын
This follows along my GDT class I took 8 yrs ago for Inspector training. Thank's Yes, I have experience breaking a tap or two, LoL
@constellationshots38938 ай бұрын
I like how some of these images look like the maps of the bottom of the ocean
@Killer_Space_2726-GCP2 жыл бұрын
As a hobby geologist, I knew it was going to be mica, but there were other items on this list that I found interesting!
@travelvideos7999 Жыл бұрын
Good to try a cleaved silicon facet and yttrium iron garnet monocrystall as it grows huge and pure. Those are easy to get and interesting to test.
@en2oh2 жыл бұрын
excellent presentation. In fairness, you stated the color of 631nm so effortlessly, I almost believed it Regardless, this was first rate. Anyone who knows what they're talking about would appreciate it. Those who hate (and who know) are on the Spectrum and lack interpersonal skills! Take care and thanks! Doug
@Monkey_D_Luffy562 жыл бұрын
Am I the only one find " Flat " hilarious? 🤣🤣 Don't know when it started but whenever I heard that word I'm laughing
@gman2c3712 жыл бұрын
There are two types of comments on this video, 1 being insanely smart people making recommendations, and 2 is "hehehe no booby funny"
@dalenassar91528 ай бұрын
GREAT VIDEO!! One little thing: 2:20 The 632.8nm is the RED wavelength of a HeNe laser.
@laurynk42092 жыл бұрын
this guy didnt have too much social interaction growing up. you can tell by the way he speaks
@rdmZero2 жыл бұрын
what the fuck man
@ABaumstumpf2 жыл бұрын
Picking up air currents reminds me of University. For the cube-sats the magnetic guidance was a lot of "fun" to test for when it kept randomly picking up huge random fluctuations.... it was the Tramline some 200m away.
@stuartgilroy2 жыл бұрын
I work at a recycling depot where we have signs asking patrons to flatten their cardboard. Many people put a box on the ground and jump on it. I try and explain to them that this is not infact flat. Perhaps I can now refer them to this video.