Incredible Discovery of an Entirely New Organelle That Fixes Nitrogen

[@jounik]

An organelle fixing atmospheric nitrogen is a pretty important find. Kudos to Anton for prompt reporting!

[@TheReferrer72]

Yes add it to plants what can go wrong?

[@sindrek8]

​@TheReferrer72 nothing at all! Its not like Nitrogen is, *checks notes* 78% of the atmosphere!

[@ginnyjollykidd]

That is, beyond legumes and kudzu.

[@ginnyjollykidd]

​@@TheReferrer72Plenty! Kudzu grows fast and can fix nitrogen. It can grow over other plants, cut out their source of sunlight, and outcompete other plants. Rangers say jokingly but seriously, "When you're cutting kudzu, you don't stand in one place for very long." Plants created with these nitroplasts might work, but you'll have to watch them like kudzu. I wonder if they can be introduced into cotton so it could be grown year round?

[@seanmadson8524]

​@@ginnyjollykidd I imagine this would only be introduced into plants we want, like crops, and probably in controlled environments at first, but the benefits could be worth it

[@NemencioRas]

Imagine mitochondria, chloroplasts and nitroplast, all integrated into one sigle organism. Such organism can thrive anywhere there's water, CO2, N2 and light.

[@spanner5940]

Yea that's just a legume. Last time I checked Kidney beans haven't taken over the world yet

[@Whatisthisstupidfinghandle]

@@spanner5940yet

[@jasonlow6943]

Crisper we have a big ask in mind...

[@NemencioRas]

@@jasonlow6943... like: Crisper can I be modified so I can have my own Nitrogen fixing and fotosynthesis under my skin and then say good-bye to the food industries? haha 🤭

[@tommy-er6hh]

Would we call it....a triffid?

[@michaelkennedy8270]

Once in a while Anton imparts something that fractures my scientific viewpoint and makes me mouth 'wow' at what I'm hearing. This is one of these moments.

[@Sergei_kv82]

Well, science constantly changes that's how it works until better science is discovered and proven.

[@cosmicraysshotsintothelight]

I wish I was a tenth as smart as this guy. Hello, Wonderful Instructor!

[@EricDMMiller]

What is so surprising about this?

[@cosmicraysshotsintothelight]

@@EricDMMiller I guess then that you do not number among the smart asses, even though it appears that you are trying very hard.

[@Skeptical_Numbat]

I know what you mean & I already know plenty of science. I hope I never get to the stage where science is no longer wondrous to me, when I stop going wow at some astonishing new discovery.

[@AlleluiaElizabeth]

The possibilities for plants that could fix their own nitrogen are awesome.

[@rubenperez181]

I am currently doing an internship in a Munich lab studying this topic. It will be very hard, but promising :)

[@ruthnovena40]

Why break what is not broken..

[@thorr18BEM]

​@@ruthnovena40the system is already broken. Something like 50% of the billions of people on the planet works starve to death if we stopped using nitrogen fertilizer. If the species had stopped growing several billion ago, I would agree with you. We are currently enslaved to a fertilizer process which pumps ridiculous amounts of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. That atmosphere is nearly broken now as well and we won't be stopping any time soon.

[@AlleluiaElizabeth]

@@ruthnovena40 Mitochondria and chloroplasts were a win.

[@abduking.]

i dont think they would be considered plants anymore. This may be the beginning of a new kingdom of life

[@ENDESGA]

*THEY FOUND ME!*

[@DickGallo-dk7wi]

😂

[@Dilbert-o5k]

Now its your turn. Count to 100

[@Atok595]

Jesus or aliens?

[@VanBurenOfficial]

Ladies and gentlemen we got em

[@MartinDxt]

You are so 12 sided!

[@Yaivenov]

A nitroplast enhanced chlorophyll plant sounds like the world's most invasive species just waiting to happen.

[@RED911]

Outstanding work!!!putting a lot of very complex information to make sense of our world with significance. Thank you so much!

[@Apeiron242]

I want to know who is breaking all the nitrogen in the first place.

[@jessicatymczak5852]

Mushrooms

[@Adallace]

😑

[@DrTed3]

Thanks for the dad joke.

[@Gelatinocyte2]

Us eukaryotic cells.

[@einyv]

John Wick

[@brosephbroman7564]

*A NEW HAND TOUCHES THE BEACON!*

[@Seredhieal]

Thats what it reminded me as well! Skyrim will be always special!!

[@brosephbroman7564]

@@Seredhieal Always indeed!

[@FirstLast-ml7yf]

Thanks for covering inner space as well...

[@tompowers8495]

Anton.....you get the best cutting edge science......I really enjoy your content and presentation.....looking forward to more ........😊.

[@belial666ukr]

I feel like its my birthday every time anton posts not boring black hole/dark metter video, but tru science content. I learn here a lot, thank you

[@stevedavis1437]

Totally fascinating. Thank you, Anton! Yours is absolutely one of the best channels on KZbin :-)

[@muzzac3408]

There is this common idea - and one I used to share - that the endosymbionts were 'engulfed' by their host bacteria. But I know there are people in the field who are advancing the idea that the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell was actually a colony of cells, each specialized in some way. So the internal structures in eukaryotic cells arose from the superstructure of the colonies.

[@johnsmiff8328]

The return to biology is great to see!

[@fredmac1000]

Thank you for all the wonderful information that you are providing us,,,🌷🌷👏👏🙏🙏

[@tearren1]

One of the most interesting aspects of this to me is the pentagon shape arrangement of the organism.

[@lobabobloblaw]

Thanks for another awesome video Anton. 🙏

[@robertlane6431]

This is kinda off topic, but that shape would make an excellent semi-rigid inflatable tent! Or even a system of rigid panels that could fold in on itself for transport and storage. Another great video from Anton as usual. Thankyou for all the amazing content you create.

[@silicon1138]

Absolutely fascinating. Biology completely humbles me in it's complexity, even more so now! Thank you for Another mind blowing video Anton - you rock!

[@grudev]

love your in depth and yet explained like for a 5 graders topics! Your channel is awesome Anton, but why no monetisation (ads)? Did youtube being youtube again?

[@Relaxbrother18860]

Absolutely wonderful educational as always. I watch these twice to enjoy and learn hands down one of the best. Thanks million.

[@paulmccaffrey2985]

I think we should let nature handle introducing nitroplasts. However, it could be an interesting terraforming technique.

[@Gelatinocyte2]

That's never going to happen in nature alone.

[@2019inuyasha]

Perhaps this could ability could be given to bacteria that is then used as a safer fertilizer.

[@Gelatinocyte2]

@@2019inuyasha Bacteria already do that, and they're already present in the soil; the problem is how the plants can make use of them more effectively, if at all. Of course the solution is to make an endosymbiont out of them, and it turns out they already exist which is the subject of this video.

[@mOTHgOBLIN]

Hello, Anton! One thing that I've wondered about is how much time you generally spend a day finding and reading research articles/papers? It amazes me that you consistently find such incredibly interesting topics to discuss.

[@seedofbayne.]

"A NEW HAND HAS TOUCHED MY BEACON..." don't pick it up anton, it starts everyones least favorite quest.

[@shmackydoodRon]

The chloroplast is the solar farm of the cell. The Golgi body is the post office of the cell. This new organelle is the Dow Chemical of the cell.

[@stevenlewis4376]

Fossil fuel derived fertilizer is the backbone of the world food supply. Nitroplasts could give us a sustainable option. Amazing.

[@asinglebraincell6584]

It's hard not to love Anton, bringing us interesting science and deepening our understanding and appreciation for the world and universe. Thank you Anton !

[@SB4F]

Anton you are the only [science] KZbinr without a PhD I listen to. Anytime I research topics you cover, I find you stay true to the science and the only assumptions you seem to make are when you first give us an opinion warning.

[@TheStrykerSeven]

Holy shit! This is huge potential!!! Not only is this a vector for having autonitrophic food crops that basically have mitochondria's nitrogen loving cousin in their cells, but it ALSO uses literal *calcium carbonate* to make those very prominent shell structures?? Folks, would you like to have a way to rebuild coral reefs, reduce ocean acidification, and tie billions of tons of fixed carbon to the bones for those reefs while doing it? How about literally doing away with most industrial level nitrogen fertilizer use?? The potential here is incredible.

[@MaNNeRz91]

The smile at the end caught me off guard 😂😂 I looked away from my phone. Looked back and nearly died

[@lpeabody]

Was wondering when you'd get around to covering this!

[@drewstead316]

The main difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria is that chloroplasts actually start as more of a programmable generic organelle before developing into a chloroplast with a plant cell.

[@semicell]

When i saw this yesterday, I told myself Ill wait til Anton covers this tomorrow

[@alicewelsh7662]

Do we know what the krebs/calvin cycle equivalent equation is for this thing? That's so intriguing and I want to know exactly how it works.

[@gustamanpratama3239]

Mitochondrias, Chloroplasts, Chromatophores and now Nitroplasts! Cool!!

[@alisturkericmacnanty159]

Your topics FACINATE ME!!!

[@Ducky69247]

I've been reading about this lately. Absolutely blows my mind. It's always confused me why we didn't evolve any way of fixing nitrogen when there's so much more of it than oxygen

[@revlimitallday5478]

Possibility because there was such a easy source of nitrogen in the ground

[@1964_AMU]

There are vegetables like beans that can absorb lots of nitrogen and even feed the soil around them with, but this is through molecules they produce and micorhyzes.

[@DeltaHydrixian]

LOAD UP THE NITROPLAST

[@Adallace]

The nitroplasts are coming for us 😱

[@maxdoubt5219]

This new endosymbiotic relationship increases the probability of complex life existing beyond Earth.

[@vicvict4172]

English has been getting better . Like your videos . I respect I'm learning from you . God bless

[@BOBMAN1980]

Imagine. . .. All those centuries with microscopes. All those students, graduates, professors, and scientists looking at cells. And this went HIDDEN until now.

[@Hybridog]

Space alien: Wow! What's that giant green blob over there? Other space alien: Oh that's that planet where they made the plants able to fix nitrogen directly.

[@Agapanthah]

Could this be how Amazonian 'dark earth' was created long, long ago? Intriguing.

[@paulwallis7586]

Good survival move. Nitrogen is a key component of living things. The nitroplasts may be what everything needs. Anyone else see a whole new class of biotech?

[@PasqualItizzz]

You shouldn't that lemur licking your hair, that's how I lost mine.

[@AlexHerrera-wk6lq]

"A new hand touches the beacon." "HOW TF?! IM A MICROBIOLOGIST! NO, NO, NOOOOOOOO"

[@Elephantine999]

Interesting. I'd worry that a plant modified to have nitroplasts might turn into a superweed in the wild. We need to tread carefully with hot-rodding organisms.

[@ronnie4697]

I love that the name of the nitrogen fixing bacterium looks like it could be pronounced "Uckin' A!"

[@ibeetellingya5683]

If we can figure out how to scale the production and harvesting of nitrogen compounds from nitroplasts, it could potentially revolutionize the production of pharmaceuticals that treat cancer, pain, inflammation, and prevent blood clots that can cause heart attacks and strokes.

[@julianSomosi]

Space is big.. really big (insert HHGTTG narrator) This look inwards was .. some of the best stuff I've seen in ages . From bacteria to organelle. Please follow this topic . If it becomes a viable nitrogen supply to plants especially. Q. Is it possible to create purpose built organelles?

[@chris_in_a_box]

I recal seeing a viedo about a self fetilizing species of grain that was grown somewhere. It had a wierd syboyotic relationship with a nitrogen producing bacteria that grew on the plant and driped into the surrounding soil. It was something like giant mountain corn in south America.

[@keyscook]

Fantastic DESIGN, indeed!

[@EnkiWesley]

😎 your videos are fascinating I remember watching them from a different email

[@The_ViciousOne]

Damn, I'm constantly amazed by what strange things life does, to ensure is existence and to adapt to it's surroundings. But if you think about it, life itself is really a weird concept. Especially when you consider what "life" is and how it seems to work. 😮

[@josephpaulduffey873]

Great stuff! Happy Earth Day, also. 🌎 🌿 🌊 🔥🌌🍻. Same comment on this as the Sierpinski enzymatic structures: The question, IMHO, is always, "How does the genetic material build these structures?" Every seed bearing organism shows that structural, as well as temporal, "blueprints" extrapolate from core patterns. In the case of a larval metamorphosis (🐛 🦋) that becomes a quintessential mystery. Are these individual autotrophs actually a collective organism? That's rhetorical.

[@TheTubejunky]

Anton do you have any links to the 3d models in this video? I would love to use them to teach others

[@kingnarothept6917]

Could it be used in applications for agriculture to re-nitrogenify the soil?

[@OldieBugger]

Thank you for this very interesting information.

[@IndigenousUndergroundPrimate]

Breathtaking, Dude! Now I have a question for you: With such a smaller brain the ant has than people, how are they able to accomplish their group goals & separate tasks more efficacious than us? Is the problem with us having too large of a brain or our brains have evolved Fear and Bias as a working every day method or tool? It`s gotten us this far but is no longer working well in large & isolated societies.

[@YTDeletes90PercentOfMyComments]

Ants are not capable of society as we know it. They are incapable of things like greed which helps them but at the same time they rely on pheromones for many things which can easily be "hacked". Google ant death spirals.

[@Jamex07]

we could give ourselves nitroplasts along with the pathways to synthesis the remaining essential amino acids. We used to have the shikimate pathway. Also, since we evolved the 10 step electron transport chain from the 6 step NADH+ pathway in bacteria by adding 4 more steps making it 3x more efficient... does that mean we could engineer a cellular respiration pathway that's potentially many times more efficient than the one we use now? Meaning sugar could provide many more times the amount of energy to our cells as it does now? Hard to believe so many of our calories are actually wasted due to inefficiencies.

[@helloyes2288]

This could be huge for agriculture.

[@joostonline5146]

So human bodies are an entire echo-system of lifeforms

[@jurgenkranenburg1309]

If we where to genetically modify plants to include nitroplasts into the cell, this will possibly be helpful for farming. But this most likely will be catastrophic for all other plants that won't be able to compete anymore with the gmo's, and it will be catastrophic for the fine balance between the root microbiomes of plants. I think if these genetically modified plants ever escape from a lab, they will cause massive extinction events.

[@wouterx333]

Could they be used in hydroponics? or do they require salt water?

[@JasonAtlas]

60-100 million years ago, so pretty recent then? Timescale planets work on is mind boggaling.

[@183lucrido_ase]

Where can i find this beautiful colourful visualization of cut off cell? Ask for educational goal.

[@Sk8trgod420]

LMAO that Thumbnail totally looked like the Pokemon "Kakuna" on the left.

[@braddofner]

That's a really cute D-12! But... How do you roll it??

[@grantschiff7544]

Great for katana damage

[@UrFavv_Mike]

Amazing creation

[@truettbyrom4388]

💥Nitroblast💥 That name is sure to catch on!! And it’s ALIVE!!

[@JBulsa]

Where would CO2 go in a 30% increased oxygen pressurized tank? In water and high pressure and cold, dark high salt water. Mitochondria was forced into cells to survive through nitrogen knives 4,600 years ago. Plant Microorganisms are forced into each other to thrive. Then eaten. What would have been the first meals off the Ark?

[@ilanle]

A very similar process happens in the root nodules of legumes plants, where rhizobium bacteria infects the root, enters a cell and becomes a Bacteroid. The Rhizobium bacteroid fixes Nitrogen, and the cell (which also changes) provides the Rhizobium with a low-oxygen environment, as its nitrogen fixing protein is sensitive to oxygen Perhaps that is an early evolutionary stage in the formation of an Organelle?

[@Edzward]

6:50 A NEW HAND TOUCHES THE BEACON.

[@shmooveyea]

Finding that endosymbiont -> organelle example, and N fixation in algae no less, HUGE deal. Big missing link uncovered.

[@TheTubejunky]

Symbiotic relationships are also key with Fungi. Mushrooms.

[@ValidatingUsername]

Would be sus if biologists knew most features in cells started out as bugs and then claimed a single eukaryote was a common ancestor to every living being.

[@devonharmon2245]

*“A new hand touches the beacon”*

[@HankMeyer]

I just worry that a plant full of nitroplasts would not be as safe to eat. Mostly because we didn't evolve to subsist on them.

[@madhatter1662]

If they did successfully introduce the nitroplasts to the plant cells. I wonder how that would affect the nutrient quality of agriculture?

[@hhf39p]

good one!

[@AscendantStoic]

Now imagine if that had happened with the organisms found in complete darkness that could feed on nuclear radiation, we would be having a very different conversation now!

[@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515]

If you have any access to papers on chemosynthesis, like in riftia, or other vent dwellers, that would be very interesting. Thanks

[@BarryMueller-j7v]

Say we have those nitroplasms, how do we spread it on roots under the soil? Aquaponics and Hydroponics are the only ones with roots exposed but I don’t think the way setup works will keep the nitroplasms on root, they'd just washed away

[@robinedwards8796]

Introducing nitroplasts into land plants could alter the composition of our atmosphere.

[@DavidRose-m8s]

Plants provide services for the rest of the soil biome, and in so doing behave for the soil like mitochondria in our cells for the production of ATP to power our body by in their situation extruding sugar exudates ( Energy)into the soil to power the soil biome in exchange for products that the plant needs to grow.

[@effectingcause5484]

6:21 "It's not clear why" Well i think i know what the shell is for. That would be to block out oxygen probably. If it works anything like nitrogenase, then O2 may be too similar to N2 and so O2 needs to be blocked out so that the machinery doesn't get interferes with by the O2 which also has an oxidizing effect (at least in the case of nitrogenase enzymes)

[@ITellsItLikeItIs]

I'm glad nitrogen got fixed; it would be terrible if it was still broken.

[@kreynolds1123]

It would be interesting to take a few human cells from a donar hist. Then modify those cells to produce certain essential amino acids and vitamins that humans can't produce on there own and have difficulty getting enough of through duet. Then make an artificial organ to contain those cells and transplant the organ into the host.

[@moistmike4150]

Scientist-1: "Earth is overpopulated." Scientist-2: "Nitroplasts will allow us to grow WAY more food!" Scientist-1 "You aren't listening."

[@bernardthongvanh5613]

so an organism go into a cell, somehow the organism genome gets integrated into the cell core and the cell actually build those modified organism as if they were its own organ, that's wild

[@chuckwhite3033]

Much better than the Haber Process.

[@eternaldoorman5228]

9:37 that is a terrible idea! Fucking with the nitrogen cycle.

[@paulbork7647]

It would be unfortunate if such changes were to occur and it made these plants toxic to animals.

[@kreadapelu8813]

Well this could definitely lead to yummie deep space food.

[@ChadOHara98]

Best youtube channel

[@brianz7362]

I love the biology videos!

[@ThatsMrPencilneck2U]

"Nitrogen fixation?" No, I can think of other elements, but.... How can you NOT think of Nitrogen?

[@thesundrinker]

You can take the gold Engrams to Rahool and trade them for exotics.