Whatever Happened to Millimeter-Wave 5G?

[@hypercube33]

Here to leave a comment about car rental companies. Edit: MMWave is great for tight areas with dense population, or people super close to towers and stationary hot spots for home internet. The cool tech is the low power 5G but thats rarely talked about. There is also "Fake 5G" where the tower is really 4G with 5G station technology - so its a mix of both, with 4GLTE speeds but allows VPN backhaul to the carriers allowing virtual providers. Edit 2 : on Verizon's network, using Visible, I've seen them swap over to 5G mm in a ton of places around the 4th of July, 2024 - and yeah, a mouse farts and the 5G mm drops and falls to 4GLTE and it drinks power for breakfast.

[@kingkrrrraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa4527]

Next video topic?

[@quinnocent]

It's not talked about because the crazy potential bandwidth (though rarely achieved) of high and midband 5G gets ppl's attention, but low band 5G has been a godsend in a lot of places. Even in some parts of some big cities, the topography and other circumstantial factors mean low band 5G provides adequate speeds where other options fail. This has brought good coverage to areas where even LTE on similar frequencies didn't perform well.

[@exponentmantissa5598]

5G is superset of 4G.

[@gamagama69]

wireless home internet has been shit for a long time. literally none of the latency benefits of wired internet, none of the benefits of being able to have a true public ip, and now with cgnat they exported ip sharing to the home. fuck this shit i jsut wanna have a website without buying a static ip

[@exponentmantissa5598]

​@@gamagama69 Running a website from home is destined to have performance problems. Why dont you get it hosted. the cost is dirt cheap. What are you running on your website that makes latency such a big issue?

[@tommihommi1]

5g FR2 went exactly as anyone with an understanding of radios expected: Only used for point to point connections and some industrial applications, something between rarely and never for true mobile use.

[@parkerbond9400]

Sauron was just looking for good cell strength

[@Chubbchubb2313]

😂😂😂

[@stage6fan475]

😂😂😂😂

[@BillAnt]

At 0:52 oh that Hertz so badly!! :D :D

[@geonerd]

Another great video. Thank you! Gamma Ray communications may be somewhat unhealthy, but just think of the bandwidth! Besides, "not all mutations are harmful!"

[@asandax6]

Downloading The Whole Netflix library in an hour when?

[@kiyoponnn]

1)lame joke, that is if you were joking 2) MMwave 5G is still microwave, and microwave frequencies are far below even infrared which you would know if you've ever set foot in a classroom.

[@ManMountainMetals]

They were once measured in Penske's, but they switched to Hertz with the rise of metric measurements.😂

[@lexington476]

Herz paid more for the naming rights 😀.

[@gus473]

Avis tried harder, but they were on a Budget.

[@JasonJrake]

They industry wanted to call them “enterprises,” but Paramount threatened a Trademark lawsuit.

[@lumberjackdreamer6267]

“You’re not Penske material”

[@germancaperarojas4023]

Penske was also the name of an Indy racing team

[@the_magnus]

Former telecom engineer: such a delightful video. I took the time to watch it together with my morning coffee. A treat 🙏 (640 Mbit downlink ~22ms delay from the best side of my house, on my 5g phone)

[@petersimmons7833]

I do like the joke about Hertz.

[@pete3897]

You love it because it's Hertz! :) (remember the old jingle?)

[@Chubbchubb2313]

I like the smooth way he said: sun's reflection off windows Heat Ray birds and cars. I had to listen to it 3 times because it sounded so "college lecture hall " monotone and boring. Small hidden gems 😊.

[@bjorntorlarsson]

I'd like to see an episode about Ultra Wide Band UWB, transmitting over a wide range of frequences so that some of them always(?) penetrate walls and people passing by and stuff. Allowing localization indoors where GPS is blocked. I can loosely imagine lots of applications in all sorts of commerce and industry. But although now installed in all new smartphones, practical applications still seem to be rare. Why is that?

[@nekomakhea9440]

mmWave has so many physics limitations that it won't catch on except for precision radar for robotic vehicles & maybe mobile satellite uplinks. For high density deployments you'd be better off with the mid bands that can still go through most walls but with micro cells that can be densely packed together by using low transmitter power to have a small coverage area, and using those densely packed small coverage areas as a form of spatial multiplexing to get more effective bandwidth to meet demand.

[@johnthomas2970]

16:14 - I was in the middle of writing a comment about how my telco used NSA for their 5G and hence it isn’t really 5G - just 4G technology on 5G radio - but you covered it! Thanks!

[@jarrodcath7835]

10:15 I honestly expected "the PA is the powerhouse of the cell phone", but I guess what you said makes more sense.

[@vikramsekar1512]

Fantastic overview! Small nitpick from an RF nerd: Power amplifiers are only in the transmit path. In the receive path, the emphasis is on low-noise amplification. That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise. The emphasis is to not maximize power in amplification, since we are not transmitting it. But only make it large enough to allow downstream electronics to handle it well. "Antennas are not perfectly isotropic, like marriages on Instagram" -- epic! :D

[@ferrumignis]

_" That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise"_ To be more accurate LNA's don't leave out noise, they amplify the signal whilst adding as little extra noise to the signal as possible.

[@nma83]

I was a small-cell modem baseband designer till recently. Great explanation on the modem chain and the black-magic RFIC. At the expense of making the video a little longer, it would be nice to explain what a 4G/5G core means.

[@racheddar]

Turned the frogs gay

[@dulouser1751]

At least ducks are still free...

[@Aikurisu]

@@dulouser1751 Alas, they're dead after coming across a few wind farms...

[@vincenzospaghetti]

Not even close. But if a gold star makes you feel better 🌟

[@rigell2764]

No, no, no, chemicals turned the frogs gay. 5g is for mind control and seeing into your house.

[@davidallen8611]

😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@rollinwithunclepete824]

I feel somehow more informed... but Jon, you load your videos with so much information... I think I need to upgrade my brain to 5G.

[@moors710]

When I was working in the electromagnetics group at Boeing Aerospace 35 GHz was relatively inefficient under battlefield because smoke screens and fire smoke were highly absorptive and 96GHz were restricted to satellite communications. Millimeter wave is so absorptive in air that small cells need to be so close that it is not able to deployed outside of very dense urban environments.

[@McSlobo]

And e.g. in US 83% of the population lives in cities, worldwide 56%. Did you btw use highly directional antennas (beamforming)?

[@sub-vibes]

Next video: The rise and fall of Australian Telcos, and how turning 3G off broke 5G emergency services

[@John-nd7il]

Explosions and fire and a hilarious rant on this, spurred by him seeing an old video of himself wearing a shirt about the telecom disaster in Australia

[@CatnamedMittens]

Sounds like you should just do it

[@Ram84_1]

making some modern phones rendered useless too created e-waste

[@repatch43]

The breaking of emergency services was less about the turning off of 3G, and more about the moronic blacklisting of phones and providers deploying non standard VoLTE configs meaning standards following phones that weren't spefically designed for the Aussie networks fail, despite working everywhere else. The Aussie telcos are worse than the absolute garbage we have here in Canada, and I never thought that to be possible.

[@SupraSav]

@@repatch43 Whoa Whoa you're giving the aussies the crown?? Robbers and Hell do a bang up job taking care of Canadian mobile users..

[@seeker4430]

Grandpa's radio is a receiver not a transceiver

[@Rkcuddles]

Finally learned something in these videos. Had no idea the car rental company had such an impact on physics

[@craby987]

Great overview! I think talking about the Shannon limit formula could be an additional motivator for higher frequency deployments.There is also the complication of licensing. Qualcomm is a large patent holder of mmWave RFIC related IP. It's all very complicated with many actors involved!

[@tomschmidt381]

Great overview of the technology. Got a chuckle on your use of a cement truck as a mixer.

[@ParticularCoconut]

5:45 To mention NYU without highlighting Rappaport would be a disservice. He and his lab have been the foundational drivers behind the commercialization of 5G technology. While 5G mmWave use cases may not yet have delivered the anticipated revenue to fully justify the investment, Rappaport’s pioneering work has made FR2 a viable and instrumental band for non-military applications-a contribution I believe is worthy of a Nobel Prize. Disclosures: 2007-11 worked in a lab that competed with Rappaport. 2010-2023 worked on Consumer and Commercial Applications of 4G-LTE/5G mmW.

[@samfedorka5629]

We used his book in Wireless Communications class, which was an excellent introduction. His "it will work" paper on mm-wave is also very good. Unfortunately the Nobel Prize committee doesn't like handing out prizes for things like this. Fortunately IEEE has been recognizing his accomplishments and will continue to do so.

[@RyanS_Himself]

A lot went into this video. I appreciate all the little intertwined jokes. Thanks for your work, Sir!

[@drewwollin3462]

Very good video covering very complex technology. I would like to see a video on RFICs. These are essential devices and very complex digital and analog technologies. The main players seems to be Qualcomm, TI and Analog Devices, but are there others? I have never been able to locate any Chinese companies making RFICs.

[@MrZoul77]

SDR/RF guy here to say that you've done a fantastic job explaining how transceivers work, from basic principles. Next time someone asks me what I do, i'm sending them this video.

[@siberx4]

Great work covering this incredibly complicated topic, keep it up!

[@edmarciniak7612]

The real problem with higher frequency in cellular is that the path loss increases with frequency. If the aperture size at both ends was fixed the power required for a fixed distance would go down. If either end can’t effectively use antenna gain, or in effect efficiently use the same size aperture, the power required goes up. At around 1GHz, with an omnidirectional antenna you can get enough gain. At closer to 2GHz, the cells end up using three or more sectors of antennas to deal with it. Going still higher in frequency, arrays with multiple antennas help make up the difference but multiply the cost of the hardware. At millimeter wave, the required cell density and hardware costs don’t make sense except in ultra dense areas like malls, airports, concert venues, stadiums and the like. My prediction is that while the mid 3ghz spectrum will provide more bandwidth the cost to use it will about double. It’ll be hard to recoup the costs. Meanwhile, t-mobile bet the farm on low bandwidth spectrum and has done quite well with band 71, where in outskirts of big cities and rural areas they can get away with towers further apart and better indoor service. The marketing execs and business leaders failed to consult physicists and engineers and get familiar with Shannon’s limit and how close they already operate to the theoretical best case.

[@davidkaye821]

0:56 omg, that was gold! Oops, I left a comment about that, sorry.

[@SpamMaster57]

"don't leave a comment about that" smh

[@neu1414]

You are so good at explaining complex topics

[@ValuedTeamMember]

Like my grandma would yell in church and my stepdad would say down at the mill.. BINGO! You nailed it. Thank you for the video. The check is in the mail. Cheers from So.Ca.USA 3rd house on the left (please call before stopping by)

[@lossless4129]

RF engineering, when you think you understand Radio, you can be sure you don’t understand radio.

[@andyt1313]

More often than not 5G is so damn slow that I just simply have to turn it off. Although I do think I’ve noticed a small improvement over the past year.

[@Alex-yq2tf]

An episode on Starlink would be awesome!

[@ChuckSwiger]

totally - the the steerable patch array you stick on the roof uses 37.5-42.5 and 47.2 to 50.2 GHz the ai says, that's more like the 5g dream.

[@stevengill1736]

Yes, and it's gotten so good with steering that active phased array that you can drive a motor home with a Starlink antenna around and it still maintains the connection! I remember when those were new & the US DOD built those giant cold war versions....huge cement cubes with one face covered with little metal antennas....or like the USSRs "woodpecker" (Duga) near Chernobyl....

[@vilian9185]

It isn't asian related

[@brendanquinn6894]

Great presentation.

[@nicholasgad]

That was an excellent video, one of your best. I just cant believe how little I understood about mobile phone communication. Thank you!

[@ericgulseth74]

0:25. I'm a recent Ham and this statement is so true.

[@Chad_Thundercock]

Honestly radio theory is proof that Lovecraft's Old Gods must be real. Because down that path lies madness.

[@jpierce2l33t]

Dude I've been fascinated by this stuff and reading a lot on it lately and I haven't found ANYTHING ANYWHERE that has broken it down and explained it as well as you have! I understand the basic fundamental concept now and can build on that based on what else I've read so far, and it makes soooo much more sense now. Long time viewer here, really appreciate your work!

[@silverismoney]

As a radio enthusiast (SDR etc) this was a great episode. You can also increase data by changing the bit patterns used eg 1024-QAM vs 4096-QAM but i was waiting to see mmwave appear. Supposedly they were going to do it on top of street lighting here in the UK but I haven't seen it. However the EE network here does use mmwave in some very rare (test) locations. Now if we could just get SA too that'd be great.

[@samfedorka5629]

I studied this in school and I agree, it was a great episode. I remember the first time I saw a 4096 QAM constellation when wi-fi 7 was being developed and the first thing I thought about it was the linearity constraints it puts on the PA. For mmwave, I would check out sports arenas and the like, they sometimes deploy a femtocell just for the event / location.

[@pittyman]

1:25 14G will be a gama-ray standard.

[@Steyreon]

Great video, thanks for the good information! It came to my mind how miraculous it is that we can send a video through the air anyway 😮 We forget about these wonders.

[@Frank-Thoresen]

Very informative content. Thank you

[@markbuckler4793]

This is my favorite video of yours because you embrace how absolutely batshit insane RF electronics really are. The first time I saw a "Smith Chart" I legitimately wondered if I was being shown witchcraft.

[@assassinduke1]

As someone that is actively studing wireless telecom, I appreciate you calling it "unholy rituals". That perfectly describes my Modulation Tehniques and High Speed Data Transmission classes

[@brlin]

Thanks for the information!

[@blackwidowrsa]

"wifi" in 60ghz is extremely popular in the WISP space for fast, low latency and shorter backhauls.

[@POVwithRC]

Wigig stuff: I had a vive pro with the first party wireless adapter that used wigig. It was heavy and hot, power hungry, and fairly sure it left the seeds for brain cancer behind. Did not like do not recommend.

[@Kyzyl_Tuva]

Great video. Whatever happened to WiMax? Was supposed to use GaN.

[@silverismoney]

WiMax was popular in Russia 10 years ago. I have no idea since, think they got rid of it now, but I found the speed impressive at the time (2013)

[@JupiterDrifterX]

The car rental joke was actually hilarious

[@zickzack3106]

1:15 Truly an unholy meat obelisk, an amalgamation of several pigs!

[@zickzack3106]

7:30 God had no hand in the creation of this abhorrence.

[@konga382]

I remember when one of the pitches for 5G was that it would result in so much total bandwidth that it would be possible to offer it nearly for free for everyone, everywhere. How's that going?

[@CatnamedMittens]

@@konga382 too cheap to meter meets capitalism

[@skoovee]

capitalism :D

[@JimFeig]

Low band 5g is actually very different, it uses more efficient encoding and smaller slices to increase capacity.

[@erkintek]

I ve read one comment on phase array antennas, Marconi s time has ended! 😮 because you don't radiate to wide area, you beam to one spot. I think also need to mention, beaming, aiming is super fast, under micro seconds so tower can serve thousand receivers as if it is symantanius

[@PhilippBlum]

The crazy part I can't wrap my head around in beam forming: They use the different antennas to modulate the signal. Basically they create interference in order to create the direction. It really is black magic.

[@WDCallahan]

I laughed harder than I probably should have at your mixer icon. Thank you for that.

[@tdkoc]

Excellent video with lots to learn from, despite being a bit of a quasi-fanatic wireless nut and used to be actively lurking in S4GRU (not a problem here, but my interests changed, slightly, a long story). And thanks on the SA vs NA - I wasn't too certain on this, except that forcing one's phone/device to go SA only, you'd get faster speeds before that carrier hacks you back (another long story). Thanks!!!

[@amarissimus29]

Thanks for noting the 'we' issue. KZbinrs tend to say things like 'we invented the electron microscope' or 'we use quantum electrodynamics to find the amplitude of the wavefunction,' for example, when they've most likely got no clue what color an electron is, and couldn't tell the difference between a superposition and itself. It's a turn of phrase, to be sure, but boy is it annoying sometimes to hear people lump themselves in with geniuses who are, for all intents and purposes, a different species. I didn't crack the Enigma. I didn't cure prostate cancer. Anyway. You're the best. We love watching your videos and correcting your pronunciation. We can all do that, at least.

[@raylopez99]

Are electrons broken down into smaller particles like quarks that have color? I haven't kept up with quantum physics.

[@dziban303]

lol jesus christ, listen to yourself you insufferable quim

[@aliyusx]

This video by alternate scott will totally blow up on ksp sub reddit

[@robertkeyes258]

5G mmw is a boondoggle. This is clear to anyone who is honest and knowledgeable in RF. But we went on anyhow, wasting large amount of money. 2.5 years ago, I came across some fellows with a trailer of a scrapped LTE site. It had been US Cellular upgrading from 4G to 5G. I live in a rural area which has poor cellular coverage because of its mountains. And yet US Cellular was willing to spend vast amount of money on this impossible technology. I later found out it was for fixed broadband, because many areas had no broadband and the US government was paying for rural broadband upgrades. While there;s been a large rollout of fibre and this is good, I the US Cellular lost out to Starlink, which is cheaper and easier to use. I don't think we're near Starlink saturation here but I know probably 2 dozen people here who use it. That's about 5% of the town. I've not met one using fixed 5G.

[@dianapennepacker6854]

5g was for a different urban saturated market. It definitely isn't trying to compete for rural areas. Star Link is hard to beat already for some, and will only improve. I hear 5g will be needed with more and more phones requiring so much more data. Apps are getting crazy heavy just to use, cars want telemetry, cloud computing AI, etc. Please correct me if I am wrong, as I read that in passing. Yet there is only so much traffic right? They say there is 6g already nearly here in under five years, but not sure what it will be compromised of. Some say terahertz. Which is nuts if we have issues sending gigahertz. Still waiting on those blimps shooting lasers.

[@PatrickOnEngineering]

telecom engineer here: 6G work involves satellite connectivity. so with rollout in 2030s, there'll be more adjustments, to make sure there's better interoperability between satellite and cellular.

[@gregvanpaassen]

Like the man said, mmwave is good for sports stadiums, theme parks and conference centers. Really crowded small spaces, usuallly in big cities. Not much use elsewhere. And only useful in those places when they're full. Other parts of 5G - software defined configurations - made it attractive over 4G because it avoids engineers having to travel out to the towers to change things. Some of the time, anyway. That's why cell companies tried to sell us on it - it saves them money on maintenance.

[@BobHannent]

Apparently most smartphones in the UK don't have mmWave capabilities and no operator has deployed mmWave. There's a planned spectrum auction for mmWave cellular spectrum but i am curious as to how much demand there will be for this when 4G was already enough for most people. To add I don't want cars that are dependent on wireless technology for safety features, i want the car to be mostly isolated and independent. I know people who are using 5G for broadcast contribution, replacing satellite links for links from cameras at sporting events, but their bandwidth demands are just hundreds of Mbps at most, often 50Mbps will do!

[@AricBolf]

4G is good enough for me. If there is a video i want to watch, i just wait until i get home. There is nothing out there that i have to watch RIGHT NOW. Besides, i get enough video at home, i don’t need more while I’m out and about. Maybe it sounds stupid, but using up my monthly allotment in 5 minutes on 5G doesn’t make any sense and neither does paying twice as much for an unlimited plan that still has limitations. Maybe some day a wireless will come along where i wont need to pay for 2 internets and get rid of the cable internet.

[@causewaykayak]

Thats me as well. Life's too short to be spending much time on the phone. If I'm going to be late home the family will just have to do like our parents did - - and wait. Same goes for my buddy's new baby ... I will chose a paper card with care and hand write a few lines. A circular email at Xmas will not please me. A regular card or a nice BRIEF word on the phone will suffice. Boring etc etc.

[@AC-jk8wq]

When the fancy optical fiber delivered WiFi stops working in the house… Plan B is using the cell phone connection… Cable that works 24/7 costs extra… 😃

[@AricBolf]

@ i did need the cell phone a few times in my pc gaming days

[@DrBovdin]

To me it seems as if the most beneficial use of mm-wave radio, apart from specialised IoT and similar as mentioned, is for semi-stationary installations akin to the backbone links discussed and connectivity for residential networking. It could have some use for mobile access if deployed as pico- and nano-cells, but as a standard link for mobile stations, I have a feeling that only the continuous adaptive beam forming requirements combined with the bands inherent RF characteristics may currently be a bit too power hungry for it to be truly useful outside niche use cases. That said, it is great that the frequency space has been opened up for general communication and I expect to see interesting new applications opening up over the coming years.

[@katrinabryce]

My experience of going from 4G to 5G in the UK: At home, in a residential suburb, practically next door to a mast, I have a perfect signal that is the same speed as my wired internet connection, they are both connected to the same street cabinet, so it is basically the same connection. Here, I didn't notice any difference going from 4G to 5G, the backhaul is the limiting factor, not the wireless signal. Going into the city centre, previously on 4G, that would be quite a bit slower than at home, now on 5G it runs at about the same speed as my 4G signal at home. So for me, the upgrade to 5G has been worth it, not for faster speeds, but for more consistent speeds.

[@seepoowoop]

Excellent video

[@MultiZirkon]

The mobile phone is really, really important for me. But... I need 5G as much as I need a mood ring from the seventies.

[@rydplrs71]

Have you done a video on ESD protection yet? The real black magic to me was ESD protection not rf. I really don’t understand how they calculated the load or the timing of the discharge. I know our final discharge circuit was always adjusted for every design, and occasionally it needed its own process loops because there wasn’t a way to piggyback it on the base process flow and function and fit packaging demands.

[@cato2906]

It does not seem plausible to me that the antenna array on a handset is capable of actually sending out a focused beam aimed at a tower, a narrow cone in it's general direction maybe but not an aimed beam. A cone would already allow energy savings of around two orders of magnitude for the same signal strength on target over sending out a full spherical signal I guess sure, but describing them as directed beams seems like over simplified magical thinking to me.

[@GroovBird]

In April 2023 I stood on Miami Beach with my European iPhone 14 pro, and I had about 800Mbps down during a speed test. So I’d dare to say that European models also supported this mmWave band?

[@iankester-haney3315]

We are not going to see a lot of mmWave unless you are in a denser environment. I see the pillars in my Area, but you generally don't see it indoors. Certain areas dump back to 4g in some instances as the 700Mhz slices are good for hilly areas.

[@Indrid__Cold]

It is quite intriguing to observe the advancements in wireless modem technology and the substantial revenue it generates for Qualcomm. Apple's decision to develop its own modem silicon can be seen as a strategic move to reduce its reliance on Qualcomm, considering the latter's significant earnings from modem sales to Apple and its competitive stance in the CPU market with the Snapdragon X Elite running Windows. Apple's actions may be perceived as non-competitive, but it's just a business as usual for them. Grab a competitor by the throat and crush the life right out of it. Remember when Microsoft decided to challenge Netscape by "cutting off its air supply"? Same here.

[@tomhalla426]

I tried to get fixed base internet service with this sort of tech, but there were too many trees. To some extent, the non-ionizing radiation, i. e. microwave health hazard scare was Soviet dezinformatsiya to counter the NATO phased array air defense radar installations.

[@The_Dark_Lord-69]

So, did it work?

[@ArthursHD]

Higher QAM alone gives two-digit percentage points compared to 4G :) How about Wardriving?

[@leightonolsson4846]

It definitely screws up my Google maps timeline!

[@MarkoCloud]

I live in a rural area in Ontario, and our mobile operators are not incentivized to upgrade their infrastructure so everything is low and mid band NSA 5G. But even the minimal upgrades, there are quite significant improvements that I can measure over LTE. Throughput is significantly better, but the real impact is the lower latencies of 5G. I ysed to find it difficult to do many things from my phone which are now possible with 5G even though it's NSA at the moment

[@Catge]

Mid band is awesome. Around 600-800 mbps speed is more than solid with good range

[@ForestBlue7]

1:22 along with every other cell..

[@pxl_shoot3r602]

I have completely turned off 5G on my phone. Here in Germany 5G is most of the time worse than 4G in my experience. 5G pulls more power, is way more inconsistent in latency and speed and has most of the time worse speeds compared to 4G for me.

[@ronch550]

It's crazy how humans have learned to harness the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit every type of information at lightning speed.

[@MoritzvonSchweinitz]

But do we get the other 5G benefits like that reliable and low latency link on the low and mid frequencies, too? Does mmWave only boost bandwidth, or are there other benefits?

[@AgentOffice]

Very high speed very low range

[@rydplrs71]

I’m not supporting any theories, just explaining a principle. As for cellular damage factors, specific wavelengths that cause damage are scattered and specific. Kind of like an EDX readout or ideal neutron speed for a given element for fission . What wavelengths are dangerous for causing cellular damage I don’t know. I haven’t seen anything I trust yet. Depth of penetration is generally inversely related to wavelength, although certain wavelengths above will reduce penetration depth increases in collision probabilities. Rf I can understand to a point. I never got into circuit design specifically, and I have only dealt with materials/process at a device/cross-sectional understanding of function. As for any of the process equipment I knew you can’t be too safe locking out and discharging rf sources they were not to be treated lightly even though they were everywhere. The real black magic to me was ESD protection. I really don’t understand how they calculated the load or the timing of the discharge. I know our final discharge circuit was always adjusted for every design, and occasionally it needed its own process loops because there wasn’t a way to piggyback it on the base process flow and function and fit packaging demands.

[@grizwoldphantasia5005]

@12:05 The description of steering the radio signal sounds like electronically steered radars. Is this the same principle?

[@thelandofnod123]

Meanwhile down here south of the antipodes, when the wind blows, the string between the two cans bends and makes calls problematic.

[@ZZFilm]

What’s the story with 5G and China, and them wanting to head up the next round of signal standards and developments?

[@askmedov]

G standards should stop focusing on speed/bandwidth and instead focus on reach, reliability and cost. What's the point of having all those "up to" speeds if you have next to no improvement since HSPA?

[@Y2Kvids]

It is very important for Smart Cars and highways

[@Koffiato]

I'd honestly prefer if telecom companies went for somehow increasing capacity on 4G. It's already plenty fast, 150+ Mbps easily when not congested. That gets you absolute flawless social media, media consumption and browsing experience already.

[@ethzero]

I propose we get rid of Tiktok. Unrelated to 5G. I think this would benefit humanity.

[@atlasfugged9044]

I personally have installed several 60ghz 1gbps wireless network bridges. If you're interested the most turnkey thing is the Unifi UBB

[@emmettturner9452]

“Whatever Happened to Millimeter-Wave 5G?” Nothing? My iPhone 12 Pro Max has the UW5G logo in the status bar right now (Verizon model with the extra RF window on the side).

[@hellsing56666]

You're sure you don't want comment about hertz ? Made me crack a smile 😁

[@autohmae]

Unholy, I didn't expect that word, caught me off-guard. 🙂

[@kkitzhaber]

Thanks for the update. I'm an electrical engineer and one of my professors got his PhD in "wave guide" technology, working at the bleeding edge of GHz new tech 40 years ago. I learned some things today. Thanks.

[@michaelmoorrees3585]

The rental company Hertz, should really be spelled "Hurts", if you've paid attention to all the incidents, that made it on the news, they've inflicted on their customers.

[@chengong388]

The silicon area dedicated to wireless communication in a phone is bigger than both the CPU and GPU, maybe both added together.

[@ewerybody]

Ouuuuch! That Hertz! 😅

[@sporkstar1911]

It doesn't do jack squat for PING though, so its pretty far down the degree of diminishing returns compared to 4G. Bandwidth wont make the signal go faster down the line to the server and back again.

[@rkan2]

5G even without mmWave has provisions for better latency. However usually maintatining backwards compatibility with LTE means most telcos don't see the benefits...

[@drakelangham4412]

It seems like a great solution for a very narrow range of applications, as you said. Stadiums, convention centers, airports, etc. Other than that? Meh...

[@Merle1987]

I remember when 5G was the wave of the future.

we need more, more more - the software and web is getting more bloated every day - more bandwidth and processing power is always the solution - or is it??

[@michaelmoorrees3585]

12:12 - So the Eye of Sauron is the evil cell phone company ! Now, that movie makes sense !

[@talkinghat88]

5G mm would need to be on a flat rate to work but it’s difficult to justify investment for a flat rate tariff.