Whatever Happened to Millimeter-Wave 5G?

[@racheddar]

Turned the frogs gay

[@dulouser1751]

At least ducks are still free...

[@Aikurisu]

@@dulouser1751 Alas, they're dead after coming across a few wind farms...

[@vincenzospaghetti]

Not even close. But if a gold star makes you feel better 🌟

[@rigell2764]

No, no, no, chemicals turned the frogs gay. 5g is for mind control and seeing into your house.

[@davidallen8611]

😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@jimmyhester826]

As someone who got a PhD in this area and has been following the industry for quite a few years, I just want to congratulate you and Tal for this video. You nailed it.

[@somethingsomething404]

As someone typing this on an iphone 6, I think you’re wrong. I will not offer any reasoning for that claim. Prove I’m not wrong. /s

[@mdog6726]

PhD in radio, so like Jill Biden?

[@Shocker99]

Yikes. 👀 It shows that not all qualifications are equal. I've got a PhD in the technology used in mmWave 5G, and i can easily say he got things wrong and he skipped over stuff that actually differentiates mmWave 5G from the other Gs.

[@mdog6726]

@ and yet you didn’t bother to name one.☝🏻

[@lotusalchemist]

We dont have to have a phd but soe technical stuff yes, to see how it destroys harmonious work of the cells, and crystallisation for exmple in water. Everything is wave...do you think it has not effect on your own mind and body? Well mabye you were not listening to bóthe biggest mind in history who already found this ut... and working with waves are the most ancient thing. YOU can heal and you can harm. We have to realise there is no more choice for ignorance because nature will proove itself sooner or later. Those who are inignorance fro comfort...will (sooner then you think) pay the price...

[@tommihommi1]

5g FR2 went exactly as anyone with an understanding of radios expected: Only used for point to point connections and some industrial applications, something between rarely and never for true mobile use.

[@DelgardAlven]

Say it to marketers, who put 5G label on every can of tomato soup

[@DoctorMandible]

Just need to build our houses out of origami. Problem solved!

[@abrahamdsl]

@@DelgardAlven now that was 2019-2021. It's now "AI" on everything XD

[@JosephDAndrea0121]

I literally disable it in my phone. I have had "full bars" of 5g and experience horrible latency and speed and got great performance on 4g. A lot of the push for fast mobile speeds other than marketing is there is a though that all device will just be front ends for completely cloud based back ends, this extends to gaming PC's, gamin consoles. Heck even cameras on mobile devices do most of the image processing with "AI" its highly advantageous to turn mobile phones into glorified SaaS appliances which in a lot of ways they already are.

[@russellzauner]

If MetroFi hadn't been so poorly timed and executed, in tech as well as deployment, we'd have public WiGig meshed over most cities by now. There's no way any government could possibly want that for their people; not only does it make it easy to congregate it makes it VERY easy to pass a lot of data in realtime to a distributed audience. They can't get ahead of us if they can't block us from talking to each other, conversationally, over great distance, time, and terrain, at will.

[@thunderbeam9166]

I’m a Project Engineer for a company who builds, maintains, and upgrades cell sites. MMWV is still used in dense urban areas, but outside of that it’s rarely used. The most common load-out for a tower is 700/850 MHz (low band), 1900/2100MHz (high band), and C-Band (3.6-3.9Ghz) for 5G with the occasional provision for CBRS or MMVW.

[@hithere7382]

There's a few tiny areas in Little Rock Arkansas where I've seen north of 1 gbps cellular data at night.

[@vnadarajah9730]

So basically, for majority 5g is waste of money, and their foretold ideology is always true that it never delivered what was promised.

[@markharman7011]

Run out of C-band capacity please!

[@michaellegg9381]

I'm a mountain engineer building mountain's for the last 42 years and mm wave won't wash a rock 😂😂 so expecting mm wave everywhere outside of city centres is dumb mm waves ain't gonna be transmitted hundreds of miles 😆 it's at best going to be transmitted build to building to cover over the streets of the city but as soon as it has to travel more than a few hundred metres it's not ever going to happen!! We want calls not pop popcorn in every home around the country 😂

​@@michaellegg9381As long as it works in the cities, who cares about the hillbillies?

[@vikramsekar1512]

Fantastic overview! Small nitpick from an RF nerd: Power amplifiers are only in the transmit path. In the receive path, the emphasis is on low-noise amplification. That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise. The emphasis is to not maximize power in amplification, since we are not transmitting it. But only make it large enough to allow downstream electronics to handle it well. "Antennas are not perfectly isotropic, like marriages on Instagram" -- epic! :D

[@ferrumignis]

_" That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise"_ To be more accurate LNA's don't leave out noise, they amplify the signal whilst adding as little extra noise to the signal as possible.

[@ShuRugal]

@@ferrumignis right? they're called "low-noise amplifiers", not "noise eliminating amplifiers"

[@pcbona]

Just wanted to comment the same and then saw your post. To add some context: Mobile devices usually sends data with around 100-500mw (that's 0.1-0.5w) to save power. So whatever little signal reaches the antenna needs to be amplified in order to be understood. The Tower usually sends with around 20W so the mobile device receives a much clearer signal that does not need amplification to be understood. But yeah, complicated topic but great video nonetheless...

[@hennsbreit]

❤😂

[@thunderbeam9166]

@@vikramsekar1512 Fun fact, cellular antennas are obscenely sensitive to outside interference. The radios will have a fit and set alarms off if there’s a rooftop AC unit 100 feet away.

[@parkerbond9400]

Sauron was just looking for good cell strength

[@Chubbchubb2313]

😂😂😂

[@stage6fan475]

😂😂😂😂

[@BillAnt]

At 0:52 oh that Hertz so badly!! :D :D

[@floodo1]

lol

[@InJouHande]

AND INTO IT HE POURED HIS MALICE

[@hypercube33]

Here to leave a comment about car rental companies. Edit: MMWave is great for tight areas with dense population, or people super close to towers and stationary hot spots for home internet. The cool tech is the low power 5G but thats rarely talked about. There is also "Fake 5G" where the tower is really 4G with 5G station technology - so its a mix of both, with 4GLTE speeds but allows VPN backhaul to the carriers allowing virtual providers. Edit 2 : on Verizon's network, using Visible, I've seen them swap over to 5G mm in a ton of places around the 4th of July, 2024 - and yeah, a mouse farts and the 5G mm drops and falls to 4GLTE and it drinks power for breakfast.

[@kingkrrrraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa4527]

Next video topic?

[@quinnocent]

It's not talked about because the crazy potential bandwidth (though rarely achieved) of high and midband 5G gets ppl's attention, but low band 5G has been a godsend in a lot of places. Even in some parts of some big cities, the topography and other circumstantial factors mean low band 5G provides adequate speeds where other options fail. This has brought good coverage to areas where even LTE on similar frequencies didn't perform well.

[@exponentmantissa5598]

5G is superset of 4G.

[@gamagama69]

wireless home internet has been shit for a long time. literally none of the latency benefits of wired internet, none of the benefits of being able to have a true public ip, and now with cgnat they exported ip sharing to the home. fuck this shit i jsut wanna have a website without buying a static ip

[@exponentmantissa5598]

​@@gamagama69 Running a website from home is destined to have performance problems. Why dont you get it hosted. the cost is dirt cheap. What are you running on your website that makes latency such a big issue?

[@assassinduke1]

As someone that is actively studing wireless telecom, I appreciate you calling it "unholy rituals". That perfectly describes my Modulation Tehniques and High Speed Data Transmission classes

[@marilynlucas5128]

All the ideas you guys are learning there are archaic knowledge

[@TI.T.O]

You should probably be made aware of remote neural surveillance embbed in all our cellphones. It's the real reason why we 5g. Everything has a military application first and before it ever gets to civil use.

[@TI.T.O]

You should be made aware of remote neural surveillance. The real reason behind 5g. Everything has a military application first, before it ever gets to civilian use.

[@andrewkinsey8754]

This is why we love Asianometry. Excellent video and breaking new ground, I can't wait until you go further down this rabbit hole and make a video about stealth and radar :)

[@janklamer]

The real dark magic is massive Mimo and beam forming.... Nice bid!

[@MrZoul77]

SDR/RF guy here to say that you've done a fantastic job explaining how transceivers work, from basic principles. Next time someone asks me what I do, i'm sending them this video.

[@Ben_3113]

Agree, great video

[@the_magnus]

Former telecom engineer: such a delightful video. I took the time to watch it together with my morning coffee. A treat 🙏 (640 Mbit downlink ~22ms delay from the best side of my house, on my 5g phone)

[@frequentlycynical642]

No doubt your videos and social media download a lot faster..... /s

[@ihatesignupsgrrrrrrr]

@@frequentlycynical642 640 isn't really needed for single-user, but is for multi-user. 640 for single-user is large file transfer, which very few people actually need when a large file transfer can easily be planned overnight for example. Multi-user that bandwidth just ensures that one user doesn't have major latency, but a properly tuned gateway can fix that.

[@markbuckler4793]

This is my favorite video of yours because you embrace how absolutely batshit insane RF electronics really are. The first time I saw a "Smith Chart" I legitimately wondered if I was being shown witchcraft.

[@tyronewalker5764]

😅😅😅😅

[@markharman7011]

They standard chart says 'Black Magic Design' on the top for a reason. It's both vastly simpler and more complex than it seems.

[@nekomakhea9440]

mmWave has so many physics limitations that it won't catch on except for precision radar for robotic vehicles & maybe mobile satellite uplinks. For high density deployments you'd be better off with the mid bands that can still go through most walls but with micro cells that can be densely packed together by using low transmitter power to have a small coverage area, and using those densely packed small coverage areas as a form of spatial multiplexing to get more effective bandwidth to meet demand.

[@jannegrey]

For some of those applications FMCW radars are used. And I do wonder if they use those bands if they are called "5G radars"

[@cm94814]

“It won’t catch on” Look, maybe it’s destined to all be torn down; but in US cities, it has caught on, and there are cities with nearly entire downtown areas are covered.

[@possiblyinsane6995]

I live in relatively small city 80,000 poor people and we have 5gUW which is mm wave

[@jannegrey]

@@possiblyinsane6995 OK. First of all 80.000 people is not small. That's actually decent number to make it viable. But also for good 2 years now 5gUW doesn't mean exclusively mm wave. So it's possible you have one. Or it's possible that you have medium-band. Which is still faster than 4G or low-band 5G.

[@possiblyinsane6995]

@@jannegrey maybe but i can hit 300 to 400 mbps, regularly.

[@amarissimus29]

Thanks for noting the 'we' issue. KZbinrs tend to say things like 'we invented the electron microscope' or 'we use quantum electrodynamics to find the amplitude of the wavefunction,' for example, when they've most likely got no clue what color an electron is, and couldn't tell the difference between a superposition and itself. It's a turn of phrase, to be sure, but boy is it annoying sometimes to hear people lump themselves in with geniuses who are, for all intents and purposes, a different species. I didn't crack the Enigma. I didn't cure prostate cancer. Anyway. You're the best. We love watching your videos and correcting your pronunciation. We can all do that, at least.

[@raylopez99]

Are electrons broken down into smaller particles like quarks that have color? I haven't kept up with quantum physics.

[@dziban303]

lol jesus christ, listen to yourself you insufferable quim

[@Иван-у7т7п]

Eh... So one guy built an electron microscope in his garage... So what? We're still in - ass.....

[@moors710]

When I was working in the electromagnetics group at Boeing Aerospace 35 GHz was relatively inefficient under battlefield because smoke screens and fire smoke were highly absorptive and 96GHz were restricted to satellite communications. Millimeter wave is so absorptive in air that small cells need to be so close that it is not able to deployed outside of very dense urban environments.

[@McSlobo]

And e.g. in US 83% of the population lives in cities, worldwide 56%. Did you btw use highly directional antennas (beamforming)?

[@cj09beira]

@@McSlobo but even then most of those people are indoors, or somewhere where those mmwaves will be disrupted, thus the only 5% number found in that study the video showed.

[@moors710]

@@McSlobo With the 100 m limit of dependable cell service that means only a 30,000 square meter area. Further since these signals are generally blocked by ordinary building materials, the number transceivers per person only has an economic viability where the population density is going to be on the order of 20,000 people per square km. This is not just urban, but specifically urban cores. So profitable density achieved only for about 10% of the population. Given that population is generally in the upper quartile of income.The mm wave systems did use beam forming usually with plastic lenses.

[@0MoTheG]

There are windows of low absorbtion.

[@moors710]

@@0MoTheG Those windows are relatively small so have narrow band width. The small distances used are in the relatively low absorption windows the high absorption regions are not used.

[@nma83]

I was a small-cell modem baseband designer till recently. Great explanation on the modem chain and the black-magic RFIC. At the expense of making the video a little longer, it would be nice to explain what a 4G/5G core means.

[@himanshusingh5214]

The core is where all the traffic passes. It is part of the data plane. It is a server in a data center which applies some functions on the packets passing through. It runs software (core software) developed by telecom companies. You can also say that it is a complex version of a simple router. In 5G, the core is UPF (User plane function).

[@edmarciniak7612]

The real problem with higher frequency in cellular is that the path loss increases with frequency. If the aperture size at both ends was fixed the power required for a fixed distance would go down. If either end can’t effectively use antenna gain, or in effect efficiently use the same size aperture, the power required goes up. At around 1GHz, with an omnidirectional antenna you can get enough gain. At closer to 2GHz, the cells end up using three or more sectors of antennas to deal with it. Going still higher in frequency, arrays with multiple antennas help make up the difference but multiply the cost of the hardware. At millimeter wave, the required cell density and hardware costs don’t make sense except in ultra dense areas like malls, airports, concert venues, stadiums and the like. My prediction is that while the mid 3ghz spectrum will provide more bandwidth the cost to use it will about double. It’ll be hard to recoup the costs. Meanwhile, t-mobile bet the farm on low bandwidth spectrum and has done quite well with band 71, where in outskirts of big cities and rural areas they can get away with towers further apart and better indoor service. The marketing execs and business leaders failed to consult physicists and engineers and get familiar with Shannon’s limit and how close they already operate to the theoretical best case.

[@QuantumEX]

I agree! No amount of beamforming and beamsteering can overcome the path loss at such high frequency. The antenna arrays for mobile phones are a joke. QTM modules were a cash grab by Qualcomm. That is why C band cost 80B, while mmwave was only a few billion. To deploy mmwave would have far exceeded 100s of billions. But marketing people need something to market.

[@merlingriffin3861]

Isn't that always the case? The execs don't listen to their technical experts.

[@QuantumEX]

@merlingriffin3861 The execs do listen to their lab engineers, but it is the marketing engineers that make the final decisions. Without marketing people, the lab engineers wouldn't even be able to sell you a time-traveling machine. It is all about selling and very little about technical achievements. Just look at Apple. Most of the sale pitch is focused around iPhone colors. Any real engineer will tell you that there is nothing wrong with an iPhone from 5 years ago 😉 Apple would not be a 2T dollar company if you picked an iPhone based on your needs.

[@tylerweigand8875]

You can still compensate it with phased arrays. If you normalize to physical area the path loss is equal (as you would expect based on physics intuition). On top of that you get another factor of improvement due to the ability to beamform. Of course that results in a lot more complexity that is difficult to deal with but that's part of the challenge with the high frequencies. The real issue isn't the free space path loss but the fact that at high frequencies the signal gets significantly attenuated every time it reflects off a surface

[@edmarciniak7612]

@@tylerweigand8875, my whole conjecture is that there is a frequency at which beamforming doesn’t fully make up for the path loss. Even ignoring the drain efficiency of power amplifiers there are limits on the user equipment side complexity.

[@bjorntorlarsson]

I'd like to see an episode about Ultra Wide Band UWB, transmitting over a wide range of frequences so that some of them always(?) penetrate walls and people passing by and stuff. Allowing localization indoors where GPS is blocked. I can loosely imagine lots of applications in all sorts of commerce and industry. But although now installed in all new smartphones, practical applications still seem to be rare. Why is that?

[@nbooky]

Excellent episode. Several years ago, I wrote business plans for a 5G modem supplier. The physical limitation of mmWave was well known even back then. The consultants worked so hard to come up with potential 5G use cases such as FWA, remote surgery...etc. In my eyes, 5G is no more than rebranding 4G spectrum and add mmWave to it. Great hype. I am still very happy to use a non-5G phone (iPhone 11). I doubt if the industry even need 6G.

[@dennisp8520]

Go to any densely packed event like a football game and watch how the LtE network stops working when everyone try’s to get on their phone. 5G was absolutely needed. The way we use our phones has changed and the amount of data we consume continuously increases year over year as new use cases continue to arise and new devices get onto the network

[@DUCKDUCKGOISMUCHBETTER]

You're absolutely wrong about every single point you just made in the last four sentences.

[@marilynlucas5128]

Yes I have developed my own 6G standard and it’s the best ever

[@geonerd]

Another great video. Thank you! Gamma Ray communications may be somewhat unhealthy, but just think of the bandwidth! Besides, "not all mutations are harmful!"

[@asandax6]

Downloading The Whole Netflix library in an hour when?

[@kiyoponnn]

1)lame joke, that is if you were joking 2) MMwave 5G is still microwave, and microwave frequencies are far below even infrared which you would know if you've ever set foot in a classroom.

[@merlingriffin3861]

LOL, when that happens then people will have a legit concern over the health effects of that cell tower by their house.

[@himanshusingh5214]

@@merlingriffin3861 They will die before getting concerned (GAMMA RAYS, not UV).

[@johnthomas2970]

16:14 - I was in the middle of writing a comment about how my telco used NSA for their 5G and hence it isn’t really 5G - just 4G technology on 5G radio - but you covered it! Thanks!

[@whophd]

Since LTE stands for “Long Term Evolution”, surely it makes sense that somehow 4G works with 5G radios

[@whophd]

I mean, forward compatibility is magic and never guaranteed, but nice to see

[@petersimmons7833]

I do like the joke about Hertz.

[@pete3897]

You love it because it's Hertz! :) (remember the old jingle?)

[@Chubbchubb2313]

I like the smooth way he said: sun's reflection off windows Heat Ray birds and cars. I had to listen to it 3 times because it sounded so "college lecture hall " monotone and boring. Small hidden gems 😊.

[@ashwinrawat9622]

I haven't hertz it

[@daverobinson6110]

I’m laughing so hard it hertz😂

[@PhilippBlum]

The crazy part I can't wrap my head around in beam forming: They use the different antennas to modulate the signal. Basically they create interference in order to create the direction. It really is black magic.

[@pizzablender]

All the antennas have the same signal. If all the signals are at the same time, the antenna transmits head-on. If they are delayed a bit on one side compared to the other, the beam will veer off to the delayed side. The delays can be done at baseband frequency - that makes it way easier. That is maths magic if you want.

[@Rkcuddles]

Finally learned something in these videos. Had no idea the car rental company had such an impact on physics

[@JeanSamyr]

when the 4G came out you really felt the difference in speed and latency, but the 5G for much of the time is just 4G premium.

[@OH2023-cj9if]

4G with faster backend...

[@JeanSamyr]

@ basically.

[@Browningate]

It's no joke. There were places where EvDo was having trouble cracking 100kbps on the downstream, while LTE was hitting upper single-digits (Mbps) for the same. Even in a best case scenario, I don't think I ever experienced speeds above 1.3Mbps on EvDo, so even then, LTE was nearly a 1000% improvement, mathematically.

[@zachkurth]

What a great video. Thank you for taking the time to make it!

[@katrinabryce]

My experience of going from 4G to 5G in the UK: At home, in a residential suburb, practically next door to a mast, I have a perfect signal that is the same speed as my wired internet connection, they are both connected to the same street cabinet, so it is basically the same connection. Here, I didn't notice any difference going from 4G to 5G, the backhaul is the limiting factor, not the wireless signal. Going into the city centre, previously on 4G, that would be quite a bit slower than at home, now on 5G it runs at about the same speed as my 4G signal at home. So for me, the upgrade to 5G has been worth it, not for faster speeds, but for more consistent speeds.

[@0MoTheG]

What does 5G mean?

[@reeddeer793]

@@0MoTheG5th generation iirc

[@SSFighter1701]

I appreciate your way of breaking things down alot. Good Job!

[@jarrodcath7835]

10:15 I honestly expected "the PA is the powerhouse of the cell phone", but I guess what you said makes more sense.

[@maladaptedmalarkey]

Truly a missed opportunity. 😂

[@SCP-POOL]

Im confused, why is this not a 500K+ subscriber channel??? The topics are always on point, accurate, well researched & relevant.

[@tomschmidt381]

Great overview of the technology. Got a chuckle on your use of a cement truck as a mixer.

[@ParticularCoconut]

5:45 To mention NYU without highlighting Rappaport would be a disservice. He and his lab have been the foundational drivers behind the commercialization of 5G technology. While 5G mmWave use cases may not yet have delivered the anticipated revenue to fully justify the investment, Rappaport’s pioneering work has made FR2 a viable and instrumental band for non-military applications-a contribution I believe is worthy of a Nobel Prize. Disclosures: 2007-11 worked in a lab that competed with Rappaport. 2010-2023 worked on Consumer and Commercial Applications of 4G-LTE/5G mmW.

[@samfedorka5629]

We used his book in Wireless Communications class, which was an excellent introduction. His "it will work" paper on mm-wave is also very good. Unfortunately the Nobel Prize committee doesn't like handing out prizes for things like this. Fortunately IEEE has been recognizing his accomplishments and will continue to do so.

[@ValuedTeamMember]

Like my grandma would yell in church and my stepdad would say down at the mill.. BINGO! You nailed it. Thank you for the video. The check is in the mail. Cheers from So.Ca.USA 3rd house on the left (please call before stopping by)

[@alec3107]

This one of my favorite videos that you made. Topic is fascinating

[@RyanS_Himself]

A lot went into this video. I appreciate all the little intertwined jokes. Thanks for your work, Sir!

[@mattmgmhs]

I just stumbled across this channel and I’m so glad I did. Your videos are so awesome and diverse topics. As an engineer, this stuff is awesome… thanks for producing and sharing these, I’m really blown away by your channel. GREAT WORK!!

[@konga382]

I remember when one of the pitches for 5G was that it would result in so much total bandwidth that it would be possible to offer it nearly for free for everyone, everywhere. How's that going?

[@CatnamedMittens]

@@konga382 too cheap to meter meets capitalism

[@skoovee]

capitalism :D

[@0MoTheG]

You just trade issues. Instead of limited bandwidth you get limited range and reception.

[@0374-x7c]

Idk why but I always love to watch your videos when I’m stoned lol. I’m even more locked in than usual and it’s so entertaining

[@Alex-yq2tf]

An episode on Starlink would be awesome!

[@ChuckSwiger]

totally - the the steerable patch array you stick on the roof uses 37.5-42.5 and 47.2 to 50.2 GHz the ai says, that's more like the 5g dream.

[@stevengill1736]

Yes, and it's gotten so good with steering that active phased array that you can drive a motor home with a Starlink antenna around and it still maintains the connection! I remember when those were new & the US DOD built those giant cold war versions....huge cement cubes with one face covered with little metal antennas....or like the USSRs "woodpecker" (Duga) near Chernobyl....

[@vilian9185]

It isn't asian related

[@duch11]

I love how I can see your markdown headings in the subtitles! #markdown gang! 🔥🔥🔥

[@rollinwithunclepete824]

I feel somehow more informed... but Jon, you load your videos with so much information... I think I need to upgrade my brain to 5G.

[@chiluco2000]

This was well prepared and could easily be introductory material for any advanced course in telecom👍

[@jpierce2l33t]

Dude I've been fascinated by this stuff and reading a lot on it lately and I haven't found ANYTHING ANYWHERE that has broken it down and explained it as well as you have! I understand the basic fundamental concept now and can build on that based on what else I've read so far, and it makes soooo much more sense now. Long time viewer here, really appreciate your work!

[@GavinSteele-c7k]

Thank you for maintaining integrity and correcting yourself in the description

[@drewwollin3462]

Very good video covering very complex technology. I would like to see a video on RFICs. These are essential devices and very complex digital and analog technologies. The main players seems to be Qualcomm, TI and Analog Devices, but are there others? I have never been able to locate any Chinese companies making RFICs.

[@nicholasgad]

That was an excellent video, one of your best. I just cant believe how little I understood about mobile phone communication. Thank you!

[@blackwidowrsa]

"wifi" in 60ghz is extremely popular in the WISP space for fast, low latency and shorter backhauls.

[@enthuscimandiri1640]

for backhauls i also interested with that frequency

[@davidkaye821]

0:56 omg, that was gold! Oops, I left a comment about that, sorry.

[@SpamMaster57]

"don't leave a comment about that" smh

[@seeker4430]

Grandpa's radio is a receiver not a transceiver

[@martin_emrich]

He explicitly said "2-way radio". Think Citizen Band or ham radio.

[@barryobrien1890]

Grandpa is the trans part of receiver

[@RadiofieldOperator]

Love the way people think its granpa radio, have you seen the equipment used by some hams today? Look up the ic905 from icom or the 7610 for hf, then theres kenwood,yaesu,elecraft or hilberling😂 from KHz to GHz theres plenty of kit out there

[@jasonphilbrook4332]

Great video of a difficult to explain subject. Mixing a radio signal is sort of like playing a chord on a piano, and filtering out the lower note. You get the interaction between the notes, but not the low note itself. In rural Maine, the low 5G uses old UHF TV frequencies in the 500-600mhz range that were not available with 3g/4g. The coverage is a big improvement in consistency because of the longer distances (path loss calcs as mentioned) and attenuating factors mostly trees. Speed remains similar due to the similar channel size.

[@ManMountainMetals]

They were once measured in Penske's, but they switched to Hertz with the rise of metric measurements.😂

[@lexington476]

Herz paid more for the naming rights 😀.

[@gus473]

Avis tried harder, but they were on a Budget.

[@JasonJrake]

They industry wanted to call them “enterprises,” but Paramount threatened a Trademark lawsuit.

[@lumberjackdreamer6267]

“You’re not Penske material”

[@germancaperarojas4023]

Penske was also the name of an Indy racing team

[@betapacket]

0:39.000 - 2:29.000 Beginnings 2:29.000 - 4:02.000 5G 4:01.990 - 6:08.000 Millimeter Wave 6:08.000 - 6:59.000 RFICs 6:59.000 - 8:28.000 Upconversion 8:28.000 - 10:15.000 Path Loss 10:15.000 - 11:08.990 Power Amplifier 11:09.000 - 12:39.000 Antennas 12:39.000 - 14:11.000 Line of Sight 14:11.000 - 15:16.000 Densification 15:16.000 - 16:14.000 Deployment 16:44.010 - 17:57.000 United States 17:57.000 - 20:02.000 Pullback 20:02.000 - 21:28.321 Conclusion

[@silverismoney]

As a radio enthusiast (SDR etc) this was a great episode. You can also increase data by changing the bit patterns used eg 1024-QAM vs 4096-QAM but i was waiting to see mmwave appear. Supposedly they were going to do it on top of street lighting here in the UK but I haven't seen it. However the EE network here does use mmwave in some very rare (test) locations. Now if we could just get SA too that'd be great.

[@samfedorka5629]

I studied this in school and I agree, it was a great episode. I remember the first time I saw a 4096 QAM constellation when wi-fi 7 was being developed and the first thing I thought about it was the linearity constraints it puts on the PA. For mmwave, I would check out sports arenas and the like, they sometimes deploy a femtocell just for the event / location.

[@daylechipps7124]

Thanks!

[@rightwingsafetysquad9872]

I am a cellular network technician, I travel a large portion of America installing and maintaining this stuff. As for health concerns, if you have a phone in your pocket, any phone, 3G, 4G, doesn't matter, you're already as screweed as you ever will be with mmWave. Your skin blocks it all. The older, lower frequency stuff has much more penetrative power and it can't do much more than make you nauseaous and give you a migraine. The only thing I'd be worried about is accelerating macular degeneration of the eyes, but I haven't even heard anyone else mention that, so I doubt there's anything there. In the United States, most major metro areas have a lot of mmWave already for both Verizon and AT&T. By the end of next year most major urban areas will be nearly fully covered and secondary areas will have a lot of coverage. Just in time for the 6G hype engine to roll around. At least, this is the case for the eastern third of the country, might be different out west. Every day I question the prudence of this investment because of its extremely limited scaleability. However, thr infrastructure must be in place before the use case can be implemented.

[@igors_lv]

Excellent video. Clear, to the point. Keep it up :)

[@srdau2]

Your statement about path loss at 11:29 is the wrong way around. Path loss is INVERSELY proportional to the square of the wavelength (or proportional to the square of the frequency). The Friis equation is not on its own a formula for path loss.

[@James_Knott]

I noticed that too.

[@shadowpapito]

I just started the video. Great script and voiceover. I am going to pause the video, come back and enjoy the show! THX

[@Planetside223]

Is this why when my internet mysteriously stops working I have to keep spamming airplane mode until I get an error that my phone can’t connect to the network and then it begins working again?

[@KokkiePiet]

I wanted to write a comment about how phased array technology can improve efficiency and bandwidth in a cell, but you covered that as well. Well Done! Bravo

[@AricBolf]

4G is good enough for me. If there is a video i want to watch, i just wait until i get home. There is nothing out there that i have to watch RIGHT NOW. Besides, i get enough video at home, i don’t need more while I’m out and about. Maybe it sounds stupid, but using up my monthly allotment in 5 minutes on 5G doesn’t make any sense and neither does paying twice as much for an unlimited plan that still has limitations. Maybe some day a wireless will come along where i wont need to pay for 2 internets and get rid of the cable internet.

[@causewaykayak]

Thats me as well. Life's too short to be spending much time on the phone. If I'm going to be late home the family will just have to do like our parents did - - and wait. Same goes for my buddy's new baby ... I will chose a paper card with care and hand write a few lines. A circular email at Xmas will not please me. A regular card or a nice BRIEF word on the phone will suffice. Boring etc etc.

[@AC-jk8wq]

When the fancy optical fiber delivered WiFi stops working in the house… Plan B is using the cell phone connection… Cable that works 24/7 costs extra… 😃

[@AricBolf]

@ i did need the cell phone a few times in my pc gaming days

[@James_Knott]

Cell tech, up to 4G, was largely about cell phone use. 5G will be used for much more.

[@3800S1]

I was going to say, I don't think I have ever watched anything on my phones over the years except for when I want to show someone a 3 sec YT clip of a Simpsons quote. Watching videos on a phone is horrid anyway, as with any internet related activities really given they are so cut down and limited on mobile. If I want to watch videos in comfort which I do a lot, I live on YT basically for content like this, I use my laptop. Bigger screen, desktop.

[@ZOCCOK]

For me, 5G consumes more battery and the high speed is only noticeble when I am downloading something (5G downloads something in 6-7 seconds, while 4G might take 30-40 seconds). The rest of the time, the difference between 4G and 5G speeds is virtually imperceptible, yet 5G consumes far far more battery than 4G. I had kept 5G for the novelty, but stopped paying for the service once the novelty wore off.

[@nvelsen1975]

14:03 From my work (urban planning) I have to understand wave field strengths and potential harm. For the Netherlands (most restrictive on this topic, best I know) Based on 2005 precautionary norms updated in 2023, prolonged exposure to wavestrengths over 0.4 microtesla can potentially by harmful to little children, but not to adults. Prolonged means 'You live there', basically. A couple weeks or months of exposure doesn't do anyting. Can potentially, because nobody will get ethical clearance to research this, stuff a couple hundred babies right underneath a 380 Kv powerline, raise them there and see how many develop medical conditions. I mentioned a super strong powerline? That's because you need that level of power to generate a potentially-harmful strengths. For a 110 KV mast we know the field's only harmful for 30 meters in each direction with the worst being a 380 kv 'Donau' style mast with a zone of 75 meters. Compared to that, the concept of a transmitter that's way, way less powerful (case in point: power lines power transmitters and entire towns) generating a wave strength enough to cause even potential hypothetical harm, is laughable. Of course we knew the conspiracy nuts were wrong, but they are wrong by orders of magnitude into the thousands.

[@bbirda1287]

Your channel is so informative, so many people could learn a lot by watching (i/e Nintendo started out selling bingo cards to Yakuza) , but due to the information bubble everybody who watches is already an RF engineer with degrees in Biology and Knowitallery. The kids aren't even interested in the LotR memes! sigh

[@Xeonerable]

9:05 "In the real world a perfect isotropic radiator, like a perfect marriage on instagram, does not exist." LMAOOO

[@kkitzhaber]

Thanks for the update. I'm an electrical engineer and one of my professors got his PhD in "wave guide" technology, working at the bleeding edge of GHz new tech 40 years ago. I learned some things today. Thanks.

[@Kyzyl_Tuva]

Great video. Whatever happened to WiMax? Was supposed to use GaN.

[@silverismoney]

WiMax was popular in Russia 10 years ago. I have no idea since, think they got rid of it now, but I found the speed impressive at the time (2013)

[@stanhanel4743]

Very good presentation and summary that answered my questions. There was much hype about MMWV a few years ago but also the acknowledgement about the need for densification and more base stations. Thank you for your insight on what the different carrier services were trying to accomplish. Great job.

[@grizwoldphantasia5005]

@12:05 The description of steering the radio signal sounds like electronically steered radars. Is this the same principle?

[@James_Knott]

Given radars use radio tech, it's exactly the same.

[@siberx4]

Great work covering this incredibly complicated topic, keep it up!

[@JupiterDrifterX]

The car rental joke was actually hilarious

[@Bankosek]

I've got intro to electronics class this year and I'm highly enjoying it, in part thanks to your videos. ❤

[@fabianwenger7133]

@Asianometry The Friis equation is often misunderstood and so also here, at all frequencies the ideal dipole antenna is equally efficient to convert input power to energy density of the electromagnetic wave at a given distance in the far field, but the effective cross-section of the receiving (e.g.) dipole shrinks with the square of the wavelength which at large separation effectively absorbs from a plane electromagnetic wave. To reach a certain gain with an antenna made up of resonating elements will consume less area, so the point with mm-wave is that it becomes practical to design directive antennas on consumer and network devices. Maybe time to make a video on antennas, I promise one step deeper it becomes even more confusing.

[@sabinesa08]

There are other frequencies that are hot harmful to health, animals and nature. Do you remember the press telling us of the tops of trees turning brown and look like being burnt? I wonder why 🤔

[@sabinesa08]

The studies are available that show a relation from mobile phones and health issues and diseases.

[@robertkeyes258]

5G mmw is a boondoggle. This is clear to anyone who is honest and knowledgeable in RF. But we went on anyhow, wasting large amount of money. 2.5 years ago, I came across some fellows with a trailer of a scrapped LTE site. It had been US Cellular upgrading from 4G to 5G. I live in a rural area which has poor cellular coverage because of its mountains. And yet US Cellular was willing to spend vast amount of money on this impossible technology. I later found out it was for fixed broadband, because many areas had no broadband and the US government was paying for rural broadband upgrades. While there;s been a large rollout of fibre and this is good, I the US Cellular lost out to Starlink, which is cheaper and easier to use. I don't think we're near Starlink saturation here but I know probably 2 dozen people here who use it. That's about 5% of the town. I've not met one using fixed 5G.

[@dianapennepacker6854]

5g was for a different urban saturated market. It definitely isn't trying to compete for rural areas. Star Link is hard to beat already for some, and will only improve. I hear 5g will be needed with more and more phones requiring so much more data. Apps are getting crazy heavy just to use, cars want telemetry, cloud computing AI, etc. Please correct me if I am wrong, as I read that in passing. Yet there is only so much traffic right? They say there is 6g already nearly here in under five years, but not sure what it will be compromised of. Some say terahertz. Which is nuts if we have issues sending gigahertz. Still waiting on those blimps shooting lasers.

[@PatrickOnEngineering]

telecom engineer here: 6G work involves satellite connectivity. so with rollout in 2030s, there'll be more adjustments, to make sure there's better interoperability between satellite and cellular.

[@gregvanpaassen]

Like the man said, mmwave is good for sports stadiums, theme parks and conference centers. Really crowded small spaces, usuallly in big cities. Not much use elsewhere. And only useful in those places when they're full. Other parts of 5G - software defined configurations - made it attractive over 4G because it avoids engineers having to travel out to the towers to change things. Some of the time, anyway. That's why cell companies tried to sell us on it - it saves them money on maintenance.

[@James_Knott]

@@dianapennepacker6854 The problem with Starlink is it's owned by Elon Musk! 🙂

[@needlebacklessons4950]

The big carriers vastly expanded 4G/5G coverage in rural areas in the last 15 years thanks to huge government investment (which wasn’t well spent, but that’s another story). There is a fairly persistent barrier to getting that last few percent of customers well serviced by cellular technologies, and it’s unclear if the US has the collective will to overcome it. Satellite constellations will come into play, but that isn’t a silver bullet either. It’s going to take a mixture of technologies and funding strategies to fully service the most rural areas.

[@MatthewMullins-f6f]

Very educational and well put together piece of work. Thanks for the great content

[@craby987]

Great overview! I think talking about the Shannon limit formula could be an additional motivator for higher frequency deployments.There is also the complication of licensing. Qualcomm is a large patent holder of mmWave RFIC related IP. It's all very complicated with many actors involved!

[@SBSB-so7ep]

There are other player too Like Intel 5G cellular technology bought by Apple and Mediatek.

[@xMepper_]

Thank you for the friendly, entertaining, no-nonsense education. Genuinely grateful for the work you put out; you positively impact the minds of many. 👨‍🏫

[@jesus2621]

The problem woth 5g is that it came just after operators where building its 4g network so there is no money to implement 5g and also the transport network must be at least fiber optics due to the bandwidth necesary

[@James_Knott]

The operators started building 4G in 2011 (I know because I was doing some work for a Canadian company back then) and 5G started around 4 years ago. There's typically a new generation about every 10 years or so. Upgrading networks is a ongoing process.

[@Curt-0001]

I'm all here for radio communications technology videos. Thanks!

[@tomhalla426]

I tried to get fixed base internet service with this sort of tech, but there were too many trees. To some extent, the non-ionizing radiation, i. e. microwave health hazard scare was Soviet dezinformatsiya to counter the NATO phased array air defense radar installations.

[@The_Dark_Lord-69]

So, did it work?

[@tomhalla426]

@@The_Dark_Lord-69 Literally, the installers climbed on my roof, and tried to see a transmitter antenna through the trees. They could not, so they did not do the installation.

[@jimedgar6789]

Freaking awesome. I rolled out 4G with AT&T. The fact any of this works is PFM. Driving round in the stealth van reading signal strength around Seattle.

[@leightonolsson4846]

It definitely screws up my Google maps timeline!

[@waylonk2453]

Dang, I did not realize that phones have arrays of antennae for millimeter-wave frequencies. This must enable them to beamform too by varying the timing of the signal across the array--never thought smartphones could do this. This video was a real pleaure to watch.

[@pxl_shoot3r602]

I have completely turned off 5G on my phone. Here in Germany 5G is most of the time worse than 4G in my experience. 5G pulls more power, is way more inconsistent in latency and speed and has most of the time worse speeds compared to 4G for me.

[@m.streicher8286]

I’ve done the same. It’s not like I can’t stream video on lte

[@persemake6090]

That's mostly because, the cheap ass operators in Germany buy their gear from Huawei.

[@IvanMarjanovicLDN]

Nicely put and concise.

[@POVwithRC]

Wigig stuff: I had a vive pro with the first party wireless adapter that used wigig. It was heavy and hot, power hungry, and fairly sure it left the seeds for brain cancer behind. Did not like do not recommend.

[@sparky60ful]

Great video again. Some learning curve for me!

[@ericgulseth74]

0:25. I'm a recent Ham and this statement is so true.

[@Chad_Thundercock]

Honestly radio theory is proof that Lovecraft's Old Gods must be real. Because down that path lies madness.

[@nostro1940]

I'm a presunto

[@ericgulseth74]

@@nostro1940 Prosciutto. Is that like the GMRS of the RF world?

[@nostro1940]

@@ericgulseth74 its the hips of the pig

[@coon155]

My company has to sacrifice a goat to the Silicon lord every time we tape out an RFIC. (Other mixed signal IC we just use a mouse)

[@matt.stevick]

i swear this was a huge thing as the next up and coming technology in 2021, as whispered through wall street. i never forgot and wondered how it seemed to just die in the wind. thx for this excellent video and information.

[@lastmetroid2948]

Turned people woke

[@oshea2300]

Amen.. so did satan. We all have a God-shaped void, that we try to fill with counterfeits that only Jesus Christ can fill.. he wants a relationship and fellowship with us. He loves us and wants to spend eternity in heaven with us. We need to be sorry to God for what the Bible says is sin. Only once we realize we're lost can we be saved by trusting and the life, death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ. He shed his blood for us taking our sins upon him, and he gives us his righteousness when we put our trust in his finished work on the cross, asking him to forgive us and save our souls from hell.

[@aliced7505]

Thanks for my beginner's course. Gave me a place to start.

[@FrankHarwald]

1:20 pickle meters???🥒

[@joemartin8888]

Thank you for covering this topic!!!! Nobody seems to want to talk about it

[@JordieG8]

I have found 5G to be brutally unreliable. If I enter a building my phone becomes pretty much useless and it really lags switching over to LTE. I’ve honestly just keep 5G off and I really don’t notice a speed drops, but reliability and battery life are far better.

[@Steyreon]

Great video, thanks for the good information! It came to my mind how miraculous it is that we can send a video through the air anyway 😮 We forget about these wonders.

[@philfortner1805]

6G with JizzWave technology busts nuts on all the competition. Oh oh ohhh, the competition can't take all that 6G!!!

[@jaysonrees738]

The biggest place I can see it being helpful is in delivering internet service to remote areas. There are actually 60GHz stations being added where I live for that purpose. It of course requires line of sight and short distance, but it's neat that I might be able to get fiber speeds in a place where fiber will never see the light of day.

[@zickzack3106]

1:15 Truly an unholy meat obelisk, an amalgamation of several pigs!

[@zickzack3106]

7:30 God had no hand in the creation of this abhorrence.

[@ZZFilm]

What’s the story with 5G and China, and them wanting to head up the next round of signal standards and developments?

[@havencat9337]

my dude is biased...he doesnt want to talk anything about CN if possible. especially not in something where CN dominates 5D tech and coverage