Who Were The Denisovan Humans?

In 2010 it was discovered that a mysterious human relative had once lived in a cave in Siberia. After a decade of research on these Denisovans a lot has been revealed about them - from their distribution, to their interbreeding with modern humans, and possibly even what they looked like.
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Sources:
www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan
repositori.upf.edu/bitstream/...
ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
advances.sciencemag.org/conte...

[@WORLDCRUSHER9000]

I think many people underestimate how weird and fantasy-like the prehistoric world was. Encountering other human species while spreading throughout a wild, untouched world must have been like making contact with aliens.

[@iliveinsideyourhouse3943]

Should have made an RPG game out of this.

[@Mona-kg6hy]

@noobenstein aren't you original

[@davidgould9431]

I suspect that, given their lack of DNA-sequencing technology, they'd have thought: "OO: s/he's a bit bigger/smaller/hairier/whatever than me, but I quite fancy him (or her), so let's give it a go". The fact that they bred means they must have recognised each other as breeding partners and weren't totally put off by the smell/eyebrows/whatever. On the other hand, I think I remember reading that primates will basically stick their willies into any available, suitably-sized hole. The jury, as they say, is still out.

[@admiralsquatbar127]

@noobenstein and what are you doing about it?

[@dibdap2373]

@noobenstein getting tired of you self-hating people projecting and clogging up comment sections.

[@panqueque445]

It blows my mind how much information we can gather from just a couple pieces of bone.

[@nourbodaq918]

And it’s all based on assumptions I don’t think these information is accurate 100%

[@abbyacb]

@@nourbodaq918 assumptions or facts its still mind blowing what a few pieces of bone could do.

[@ManahManah77]

@@nourbodaq918 no, it's based on science.

[@kanyewests6676]

@@ManahManah77 theres a little truth in everything

[@matthewsandifer2673]

Science is a big guessing game, which is why it's fascinating.

[@ManahManah77]

A Denisovan walks into a Neanderthal bar. The barkeep says "Why the long face?" -Neanderthal joke found on cave wall

[@chabelitaestal5697]

Hahhaa got' em 😂😂😂😂😂

[@wolfgang4043]

😀😀😀 Great!!!

[@domib.3924]

Yeah, no way in hell.

[@randellhillspeaks753]

That's Racist lol

[@ManahManah77]

@@randellhillspeaks753 twice! 🤣

[@Gribbo9999]

My wife is Melanesian from Eastern Indonesia. I am from northern Europe. I think it's really exciting that my daughter will have some Denisovan and Neanderthal genes in her. How fascinating the movement of humans over history is. I am thrilled that modern humans have been walking, hunting and gathering across the land that is now my garden for 40,000 years and maybe more, here in Australia.

[@hunterG60k]

The study of human evolution throws up a lot of questions as to what is a "human", and for that matter, what is a "species". Various hominids interbred successfully yet we can see clear skeletal differences. I wish I had a time machine!

[@gumunduringigumundsson9344]

And destroy everything with germs and viruses? You'd need a sterilized spacesuit.

[@gumunduringigumundsson9344]

@MinutemanSam oh, handy. How about your safety? I guess if you get sick you just use it to travel 15 minutes and be totally cured of anything. . I want that kind of machine too m8. There is one last problem.. If one goes back In time and disturbed even the position of an air molecule.. one would have started a completely different timeline. Hard to get around that one.

[@dindinprivate3477]

@MinutemanSam Why not LOL

[@romella_karmey]

The real question is that of all species on earth, why are we the ones capable of having immense intelligence. To even destroy this planet at such a tender existence. I know other animals have the capability to build stuff and have social hierarchy or civilization of their own like ants. Are we alien of this planet?!

[@hunterG60k]

@@gumunduringigumundsson9344 Ok, just a crystal ball then, so I can watch without disturbing anything :P

[@rursus8354]

There are lots of unidentified archaic human bones in Chinese research collections. Some of them *could* be Denisovans.

[@ngantnier]

I mean we all are ridiculously closely related. Humans have been around for a couple million years, a blink of an eye. I would be surprised if humans and chimps aren't capable of hybridizing. We just seem to show more phenotypical differences than others which just split.

[@osmosisjones4912]

Why is their only one Species of human left today because its politically incorect to say otherwise

[@Mona-kg6hy]

@@osmosisjones4912 I'm having a stroke trying to read your comment

[@gtc239]

@@osmosisjones4912 Sorry it's *INCORRECT* not *INCORECT* and *THERE* not *THEIR* .

[@jps101574]

@@gtc239 People who spell (their-there) and (to-too-two) wrong should be banned from commenting on the internet and sent back to elementary school.

[@dennismitchell1934]

To make a long long story short- Humans will mate with anything or anyone that COMES ALONG ! !

[@MrRedberd]

More like rape and pillage anything or anyone that is in their path.

[@ShadowSumac]

@@MrRedberd I think there is more to it to humans that this.

[@dannya1854]

I don't think rape was a thing until warring tribes and civilizations were.

[@ShadowSumac]

@@dannya1854 LOL, considering that animals do rape...

[@shawnwales696]

There is by no means universal agreement that Neanderthals were a separate species. They were as human as modern human beings and though did have some distinct differences (more pronounced brow ridge, lack of a prominent chin, larger than average nose (probably)), and while Neanderthals were probably not classically beautiful by Homo Sapiens standards, and you might not want to meet one in a dark alley, they were within the range of human variation. They weren't "animals" (though we all are animals, I mean sub human) they were humans. Having sex with one wasn't bestiality, it was sex with another human who looked a bit different.

[@liamredmill9293]

Didn't mention the fine sowing needles found in the cave, being so old, tells a story beyond genetics, good show, thanks

[@mitchellskene8176]

They didn't mention the bracelet either

[@apophisxo4480]

Over 200,000 years the Neanderthal technology changed very little. Not sure if it was an inability to pass information on to the next generation or just an inability to innovate. Since their populations were sparse and spread out, they probably suffered from the proverbial failure to communicate. In any event in a relative blink of an eye modern humans literally ran circles around them. Sewing needles and bracelets could have been copied from modern humans. They should have mentioned the length of time these artifacts can be found in Neanderthal caves. Not to say that they weren't smart. Even if they had the potential to be the greatest chess players, it wouldn't be of any use if they couldn't communicate or learn the rules and strategies of the game. (Studies have been carried out that show chimps can outperform humans at certain short term memory skills, so intelligence is complicated). Human knowledge and technology builds onto itself. In that without a Newton there would be no Einstein, or even more importantly without the "Principia Mathematica" there would be no "Relativity: The Special and the General Theory ".

[@JEMmusic-sn9qm]

@@apophisxo4480 humans outcompeted everyone else mostly because of their large groupings. Most hominids lived in smaller groups whereas moderns humans lived in very large groups due to their disadvantage in size and strength compared to other hominids. A society is much better at sharing and teaching skills and knowledge than a small tribe.

[@cdoublejj]

hey Liam if you dig that stuff, check out uncharted x channel, the tube drills video and the time line video are pretty good however they are kind of long but, only cause it's packed with so much info

[@jmitterii2]

@@JEMmusic-sn9qm Can be more advantageous. The genetic bottleneck in Africa 75,000 years, before the theorized greatest migration out of Africa ago was a major threat to humans. Mt Toba eruption nearly wiped our species out. Species spread out further geographical areas would be more secure from extinction from regional events like a super volcanic eruption.

[@ekszentrik]

It blows my mind that there were once dozens of different human species, and if things went a little bit different, we would be Denisovans of Neanderthals right now talking about extinct Homo sapiens.

[@robinchwan]

how do we know homo sapiens survived? we could Actually be denisovans and neanderthals ( having incredibly simillar dna to homo sapiens but we call that dna homo sapiens for some reason) thinking we're homo sapiens. it's all how you think about it...

[@ShadowSumac]

Unlikely. Modern humans have become what they are because they were smarter and capable of better adaption. No matter how you turn history around, Neaderthals or Denisovans were not capable of that.

[@Mona-kg6hy]

@@ShadowSumac Exactly. The only way I'd imagine it'd be the other way around is if, for some reason, our numbers were less than theirs so when we bred with them, it'd be more like "denisovan with homo sapien DNA" rather than the other way around.

[@ShadowSumac]

@@Mona-kg6hy I think it's not the case. In the nature those who can adapt best usually survive. If, for some reason humans were to be extinct before Denosivans and Neanderthals, we would simply ended up with less advanced civilizations or probably not any kind of human-like civilization at all. Think how dinosaurs had all those million years to turn into sentient species and how many of dinosaurs were around, but they did not. So, it is not a matter of numbers.

[@JoJo-zd5tm]

@@ShadowSumac it’s crazy to think that Denisovan and Neanderthals are gone because they weren’t like us in that way and lacked that cerebral development we have.

[@bird2034]

Mad props on being able to keep up regular uploads in these trying times. Love your stuff man, stay safe :)

[@Tyronejizz]

He works indoors at home. If anything he shpuld be making more? 🤷‍♂️

[@oldleatherstocking3185]

@@Tyronejizz that guy is another one that thinks you tuber is a hard job. research on a computer, editing on a computer, no need to ever leave the house.

[@jordanmatthews8351]

@@Tyronejizz was gonna say the same. Not trying to take credit away from him, but it's true.

[@burnsmybritches5857]

He definitely has enough time to litter his video with ads!!! Garbage!!!!!!!

[@reineh3477]

@@oldleatherstocking3185 it depends on what kind of videos you do. To gather information might take hours and hours.

[@tjw9985]

Human ancestry is interesting. I hadn't heard about Denisovans before. Even if this video gets outdated fairly quickly, it is what started my interest. So it will always be relevant.

[@mushmush4980]

Denisovan skull impression: Strong build, bold eye ridge, longer jaws Actual denisovan face: *w i d e n*

[@cookeymonster83]

Also: Lived in sun starved Siberia Conclusion: dark skinned

[@soheil527]

@@cookeymonster83 politically correct

[@dafeels3085]

@@cookeymonster83 isn't light skin a fairly recent trait like 10,000 years ago with humans? Like with chedder man who had light eyes but dark skin. So, that particular DNA sample could have simply not had the trait. Imagine thinking you're smarter than scientists in their own field.

[@_youmadbrah]

Did people even have small jaws back then?

[@Daniela-kd6ln]

@@cookeymonster83 the idea that dark skin only comes from climate comes from some racist dude btw. It has no scientific backing and it was based on how Germans happened to tan in the sun

[@cyborg1320]

Ben - If you're European it's not a case of *probably* having neanderthal DNA It is a case of *definitely* having neanderthal DNA

[@michaeltnk1135]

Yeah every European has between 1-3% Neanderthal

[@dindinprivate3477]

"A team of scientists comparing the full genomes of the two species concluded that most Europeans and Asians have approximately 2 percent Neanderthal DNA." genographic.nationalgeographic.com/neanderthal/ NOTE: Most not all.

[@paddor]

Michael TNK had?

[@michaeltnk1135]

Patrik My bad, typo

[@cyborg1320]

@@dindinprivate3477 From your own article: "Everyone living outside of Africa today has a small amount of Neanderthal in them, carried as a living relic of these ancient encounters" . Consider yourself mocked. :-)

[@ambulocetusnatans]

This is so fascinating to me. I hope I live long enough to see a more complete family tree, including H. naledi and H. floresiensis.

[@HebaruSan]

The elephant in the room is the question of whether we were somehow special compared to them, or if we just got lucky. I've heard a lot of conflicting reports of other human groups' ability to sustain culture and abstract thinking.

[@dogwithacoolhat]

we had aggression and way more large scale group organization. we killed anything weaker than us and used numbers to kill anything stronger than us. edit: just want to say we may not been the most aggressive but we had the social complexity and novel thinking to kill on large scales in new effective manors ,also we got creative with killing things, just think of one innovation that wasn't used to kill or help in killing.

[@RutraNickers]

probably the biggest diference was the way we grouped more. Even whales and dolphins have accents and some kind of language, imagine something so similar to our DNA that we can literally fck it to extinction

[@berserkasaurusrex4233]

We can throw. Humans, cro-magnon man that is, are unique in the structure of our shoulder joints. Neanderthal couldn't throw a spear or rock the way we can, they had to run up and stab prey directly, at great risk. We can attack at range. That's a huge advantage.

[@PeeperSnail]

We survived because we chose ranged weapons over the melee style that our main competitor, the neanderthal, chose. We took on animals without risking getting mauled or trampled.

[@Wirmish]

People with DNA from the 3 main human breeds are more resistant to viruses, and they have a higher average IQ.

[@Mika_etal]

How does this channel not have more subscribers?? Such thorough and extensive research, backed up by pure science and told in a cohesive comprehensive manner. You sir are a rare combination of scientific and creative mind in a perfect balance. Cheers indeed

[@soulvaccination8679]

(Robert Sepehr) channel is another wonderful channel to subscribe to,.

[@ujwolshrestha8143]

Denisovan Jaw bone was discovered in Tibetan monk. Possibly the origin of Yeti legend

[@SB-uk5wx]

I love learning about ancient humans and their interactions. It's amazingly cool that we are a mixture of all these unique ancestors. Please keep making these videos and keep us updated 😊👏

[@beatglauser9444]

Let us face the fact; .Let us face the fact: Our ancestors where not only physically stronger but they had to be extremely creative in order to survive all the challenges they were facing. The were at least as intelligent as most modern humans are if not much more clever. Nowadys every moron in our society is able to survive.

[@mrx4022]

"It's dark out here... and we're the last humans left."

[@lizaramirez-garcia5944]

I am Unicron that we know of

[@hannes_mlbx9599]

Ahhh yes, depression turtle.

[@thinblacknoodles]

🤣🤣

[@heyfamitsmetammy2417]

@@lizaramirez-garcia5944 are you really a unicorn?

[@MrRedberd]

@@heyfamitsmetammy2417 "Unicron is a prodigiously large robot whose scale reaches planetary proportions, and he is also able to transform into a giant planet.""Also known as the Lord of Chaos, the Chaos Bringer, and the Planet Eater, he is dedicated to consuming the multiverse. His massive form is powered by the consumption of planets, moons, stars, and even the very fabric of existence." -Wikipedia -Transformers Wiki

[@domhuckle]

I love the fact that, when it comes to DNA, no hominid ever really died out

[@mouseorange4404]

thanks for saying that Um~ true , even if only poetically true ;'-))

[@SchwarzSchwertkampfer]

10:40 Star trek? How far part generically are we talking about here. That is pretty far apart. Vulcan an Human etcetera. Genetically are very different, it requires medical intervention to produce offspring. And I am not talking about Bajorans an Cardassians. It makes more sense as Elfs an Human comparisons.

[@r-t9266]

This chanel is so good ! It's the first time that I've heard about the 3 different groups of Denisovans. Thank you for another great video.

[@ujwolshrestha8143]

Denisovan Jaw bone was discovered in Tibetan monk. Possibly the origin of Yeti legend

[@shmuelparzal]

Very interesting! Although I'm from Sri Lanka, I have one ancestor from a few generations back from East Indonesia, and consequently I have 4% Denisovan DNA. I also have 2% Neandertal DNA. I have been interested in these hominins ever since I found out from a DNA test.

[@osmosisjones4912]

Turns out some times paternal mitochondrial DNA does get passed down

[@patrickmccurry1563]

@@osmosisjones4912 I've heard that too. Though so far it's very rare, and most likely connected to mitochondrial disorders last I heard. But the research is very new, so things are subject to change.

[@Wirmish]

People with DNA from the 3 main human breeds are more resistant to viruses, and they have a higher average IQ.

[@MendTheWorld]

Wirmish Still fake news w/o sources & citations.

[@doolittlemaccarrone8126]

Long line of ancestry

[@abcdef-cs1jj]

What sometimes grinds my gears is when people draw that edgy grimdark picture of prehistory: Meeting another tribe or kind of human meant war until genocide, interbreeding is attributed to rape etc etc. I don't doubt that there has probably been violence in every era of human existance BUT I'm pretty sure that you'd actually have a greater chance for a peaceful encounter the more you go back. Why? Our ancestors lived in a vast, hostile world where wild animals like bears or great cats could potentially be the end of a group if they weren't careful enough, where sickness, hunger or unforeseen weather events could spell doom. They lived in a dangerous place that they could only survive in if they worked together. Lands and resources were to be had in abbundance that isn't easily grasped by us today - manpower was the limiting factor though. For us today it is the other way around: The world is tamed, we have food aplenty, weapons to keep us safe, houses to shelter us from the elements. As a consequence, there are humans everywhere and to expand one's wealth or territory often means to get into conflict. It's sometimes hard for people to change perspectives but there is little reason for a group of prehistoric men to wage war over this valley or that in a land as vast as Eurasia when there are thousands upon thousands of valleys like that to be had and you have not a single man to spare over something as trivial. I could see making contact with another group being a happy occasion to be honest. One where you could trade for things you don't have or don't even know about, where you can possibly gain knowledge about the environment and where - not least of all - you can intermarry. Small groups of humans being isolated for a long, long time means incest and while that might go okay for a while it would certainly be invaluable to marry a woman from another tribe here and there. Killing other humans on the other hand isn't a very good idea if you think about it: + There might be something to be looted, but most likely nothing you couldn't have made or copied yourself or even traded for if you asked nicely. +/- You now can settle in their lands but again, that means little to nothing in that age. - You cannot profit from their knowledge. - You cannot intermarry with them (you might be able to force women to join your group but that isn't the best way to go about things if you want healthy children and cooperation from them). - You might lose men. The last point can't be stressed enough. Tribes in prehistory probably didn't have very many male lifes to spare in stark contrast to later human societies that grinningly took the trade to throw a few thousand boys and young men into the meat grinder for a chance of resources or land. Every single one of your guys might well be crucial for the survival of the whole group and initiating violence with another group of humans means risking losing everything for very little gain.

[@deanne1671]

Very valid points made, points I had previously thought myself. It's nice to see someone else besides myself, have a more positive outlook on ancient man. I completely agree with you that lack of resources (or at least an agreed upon state of 'not enough to go around') is the cause of most human conflict and strife. I also agree that ancient man would have been stronger in number, not weaker (like today) and needed to depend on one another, as well as trade of both information and resources, with other groups/tribes. I agree with absolutely everything you've written, and love your well spoken comment. All the best, thank you, for your beautiful mind. Xo

[@manofcultura]

We did evolve the ability to emphasize with things that are not us, or like us. The human penchant for pets and the like is definitely a sign that we were selected from people who cooperate first and genocide later.

[@sprout5606]

@@manofcultura No it's not 'definitely a sign'. We had pets because we found a use for them, i.e hunting dogs, protection dogs, dairy cows and horses/donkeys/camels to get us and heavy items places faster than we could without them. Not because we wanted to cuddle up in bed with a puppy and watch netflix. That's a modern 'use' for a pet.

[@ExplosiveCreeprs]

@@sprout5606 If that were not the case how can empathy be explained? per-say its only purpose was to allow for better interpersonal connection/cooperation, in that same vein early canines were in a mutually beneficial relationship with early humans, they learned to stick around human camps and in turn helped us hunt and got food for our groups, and their pack, that relationship led to a genetic shift in both humans, and dogs where dogs use eye contact as a form of communication, which is proven in the real world to develop "languages" between pets and their owners. Sure we had a use for them but they also had a use for us, after all we were able to empathize with them and develop very personal bonds with them, with various canine/animal bones being found alongside human bones. this learned trait of empathy is pretty notably shown through this relationship and through the fact that, like @abc def said, it would have been much more beneficial to cooperate with dogs, human adjacents, and other animal we now call livestock, we helped them, they helped us, and that is a direct result of empathy on our part. we wouldn't be here today had they not know cooperation and how to peacefully exist and not just kill everything in sight.

[@isaweesaw]

very well said. I agree 100%

[@ruththinkingoutside.707]

This is excellent.. as usual!! Thank you for this update on the progress. I’ve been wondering how things were going with studies, it’s all so new and exciting!

[@MaryJo22]

This is one of the best videos this channel ever had. Congratulations to you guys, happy Easter and stay safe!

[@jillmerrell9672]

Really informative and well put together video. Easy to understand. Well done!

[@quintenwhyte6660]

Happy Safe Easter, Ben G Thomas!

[@someperson3390]

I love binging these during quarantine, great job!

[@Zalidia]

I have a funny feeling that denisovans are still alive, but we just haven't noticed yet.

[@sue195423]

Wow, exceptionally well presented and the details covered were brilliant 👍 keep up your great work 🙂🌏🌻

[@lisarochwarg4707]

Denise the Denisovan.

[@MendTheWorld]

Don’t forget about Denephew. Takes two to tango.

[@GriLtCheeZ]

Thank you for your work on this video. Top notch stuff!

[@CouchCommander5000]

This is your best vid yet. Thank you for what you do

[@craniifer]

I feel compelled to binge your videos whenever I play Far Cry: Primal.

[@voivodadracula1936]

Other human species: * exist * Denisovans: **$ƏX MODE ON**

[@erinsmaill8160]

To be fair its also a case of human walks along and sees something else that looks remotely similar and the the human be like "How you doin"?

[@vaszgul736]

@@erinsmaill8160 given the fictional monsters - and even inanimate objects people get horny over now, I'm not surprised at all that people were happy to procreate with other human species

[@KingHalbatorix]

@@vaszgul736 _now?_ people were sexifying all manner of nonhumans at least 2,000 years ago. japan being an obvious example

[@SMiki55]

Modern humans: how dare you date that black boy Jessica, you betray our race Archaic humans: this bipedal creature's DNA will be worthy addition to my collection

[@StergiosMekras]

@@SMiki55 Humans: zerging it up since before recorded history.

[@dyslexiusmaximus]

this channel is so great, i love it so much ❤❤❤thank you so much for extending my knowledge and inspiring my curiosity.

[@Souljahna]

I love your videos. Great work, lots of research and new information to wonder over. Thanks a bunch, Ben.

[@robertfletcher3421]

This is one of the best videos I have seen on this subject, you have done so well, what great research. A few years back I took part in the National Geographic "Genographic" project looking at deep ancestry. On my hominin ancestry if gave Neanderthal 1.4% and Denisovan 1.6%. A bit too heavy for my understanding. Ben if you are interested just let me know and I will email the login info. Once again thank you for a great video.

[@osmosisjones4912]

Turns out some times paternal mitochondrial DNA does get passed down

[@TheShootist]

the 2018 neanderthal conference is posted on youtube and is quite good.

[@robertfletcher3421]

@@TheShootist Thanks for that info I will be watching it today.

[@cathjj840]

@@osmosisjones4912 How would that work? It must've come from a line of mothers before that, no? I suppose the research is very recent - has it been replicated? Have they found this phenomenon in widely diverse populations?

[@iwillroam]

@@cathjj840 it's only in exceptional cases, it's very rare, they don't know why

[@Miraihi]

Thank you for the video, Ben! I knew about Denisovans for quite a while, thanks to the Russian anthropologist and science communicator Stanislav Drobyshevsky. That's really great that now you've presented this topic for a wider international audience.

[@themonsterbaby]

Such an underrated channel. But I am glad you guys are starting to get the recognition you deserve. This and Henry The Paleoguy are 2 of the absolute best channels on KZbin.

[@robertbennett270]

Amazing...this doesn't need saying but please keep us up to date on discoveries around the Denisovans and other early humans. Excellent!

[@noah5664]

Very good video, your anthropology videos are always my favorite. And I’m glad you guys finally aren’t using that drawing of Denisovans that resembled a Yeti. That always bugged me

[@1wor1d]

Whether it's inspiration for a new invention, an optimistic view of humans future, or a true representation of how humanity interbred in the past, it always comes back to Star Trek, Live Long and Prosper!!

[@dannybrown5744]

Most of this information I have gathered, but this is so good . I've had to hear it multiple times to get it to sink in. Love it!! So well done.

[@pallmall5014]

This was very informative, thank you!

[@beanoptodon]

Happy Easter you two!! Much love for you and your channel! ♥️

[@rebekkahdavi8493]

According to the National Geographic genome project, to which I submitted a cheek swab, I have 1.9% Neandertal and 2.4% Denisovan DNA in my genome. I thought that was so amazing!

[@marlenemartin4967]

Fascinating info! Thanks for making this video and sharing. the knowledge with us.

[@joecross1329]

Awesome video Keep up the good work Very much appreciated

[@Fe.Cata.]

Amazing videos and content!!! I discovered about the Denisovans today hahahaha.. and thanks for speak so clearly and in a easy way! Keep this great work going mate!! Any idea if any of one those DNA tests on the market tests for Denisovans? I know they do for Neanderthals. Thanks

[@Katzztar]

Yes, I enjoyed this and certainly learned something today. … I'm likely to forget it so I made sure to save it to a playlist

[@RS-nh9gu]

Excellent video ! Congrats !!! It brings light to a lot of unanswered questions ! Thanks for sharing.

[@simonpenny2564]

Thanks, great overview of an exciting and rapidly changing subject!

[@user-iz7mq6cp6x]

They are human, but why do we make them look so non human...

[@plinyelder8156]

Wtf? No, they’re trying to humanize them. Are you even paying attention to the video?

[@user-gm3rp4fp4g]

As always very interesting It is impressive what can be done with only a finger fragment

[@AthenaSchroedinger]

Thanks for sharing this information. I find this study of human relatives quite fascinating. You gave me more information that I previously had known about the Denisovans. and Thanks and oh yes I'm a subscriber now too!

[@rogersledz6793]

Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me to get through the pandemic!

[@sourlemon3337]

Can you do a video on the enchoteuthididae, giant cephalopods from the Western interior seaway? Tusoteuthis resembled a cuttlefish but was 3 metres long and Enchoteuthis might have been bigger.

[@osmosisjones4912]

Turns out sometimes paternal mitochondrial DNA does get passed down

[@CC-yh2yq]

I study biological anthropology and i have been studying osteology and also fossil hominins and potential ancestors of hominins. This stuff is just fascinating.

[@Tigerfan50]

Thank you for your research and the production of this video. I look forward to seeing what discoveries scientists reveal in the future.

[@stevenlouton6381]

Thanks very much for the great and interesting video. Keep up the great work and take care.

[@jeffmwise719]

This is a subject that fascinates me but sadly knowing I can't seem to enthuse anyone else - respecting and honoring our ancestors has fallen out of fashion these days. None of my friends care about being 5% Denisovan or 2% Neanderthal but the *Out of Africa* model fails to capture the diversity and richness of humanity and human origins and I think it's doing us huge disservice.

[@useodyseeorbitchute9450]

Tell your friends to demand a minority status. ;)

[@bosnakedisniksic]

ugghhh

[@greigupton1784]

Time team

[@tracefleemangarcia8816]

How did you take this video as a rejection of the Out of Africa hypothesis? It's explicitly mentioned in the video.

[@DeterminatusUSA]

Out of Africa is a political/cultural statement, its a world view, not a scientific theory.

[@NDWest]

I wonder if Aborigines from Australia would have some connection to Denisovan's? I find their looks to be so interesting.

[@freespirit995]

Excellent and very informative. Thank you!

[@rafaeldenuzzidias2523]

Amazing! What an outstanding channel!

[@Triceratops98]

Great video! I have to ask an unrelated question tho, what are the latest updates on t rex integument?

[@danic8639]

Amazing that anything was found from a human 52,000 years ago..biological content is so easily lost to environmental components even animal remains r hard to find even 1 year after death.

[@rhondadenis3469]

Loved it. I learned a lot. Very interesting

[@jokerfacebitch]

Thanks for this. I've been really interested in this since they announced the finger bone discovery

[@genkiferal7178]

That was fascinating! More videos on the subject, please, in a few years when new findings are...found. I'd love to know about the origins of blood types, too. I think no scientists know yet, though. But, some blood types supposedly have been proven to have different qualities regarding disease or even nutrient deficiency.

[@bladed.i.6547]

Fascinating overview, thank you! I had my DNA analysed a few years back, and I was informed that I have approximately 2.3% Neanderthal, and approximately 2.5% Denisovan DNA -- I can't help but wonder if my DNA sample helped inform what is currently known.

[@marcus9304]

Yes. Excellent show. This stuff is so interesting.

[@Syagrius62]

Thank you for this remarkable video.

[@LeoDomitrix]

I'm always fascinated by the assumptions made in science, and I say that being in STEM. We see such interbreeding between various felids and canids, but we refused to consider it in hominids. Yet we're not *that* different in appearance, and obviously, our ancestors weren't so different that they couldn't rpoduce fertile offspring!

[@marktrain9498]

It’s very political. They try to keep the peace by classifying every living hominid as homo sapien sapien, but then are forced to include an ever broadening group of ancient and modern breeds as the interbreeding is revealed.

[@BLuddenify]

I heard years ago that a body said to be Neanderthal, although now I suspect Denisoven, was found in the Hight Himalaya. Yet Iv never hear anything since. I wander if any one ever collected that one. It appeared in the pictures to be a complete body.

[@patrickmccurry1563]

DNA is irritatingly fragile, so none may have survived. But with how we know a gene for low oxygen environments was acquired from Denisovans, I'd lean toward thinking any robust hominin found that high up was likely at least partly Denisovan.

[@HenrythePaleoGuy]

Source?

[@robertayoder2063]

@@HenrythePaleoGuy up yourass

[@normalbird1139]

@@robertayoder2063 so rude

[@hayliedlr]

@@HenrythePaleoGuy maybe this? www.wsj.com/articles/ancient-humans-dwelled-at-great-heights-scientists-find-11556730001

[@anthonywoodroof2800]

Loved it !

[@tsopmocful1958]

With so few people of any kind back then, I'm sure that it was mostly pleasant to meet someone different occasionally.

[@dindinprivate3477]

If they lived in tribes or fairly complex family groups likely the 'someone different' was enslaved.

[@viktorbimmel4007]

​@@dindinprivate3477 Before the late neolithic, the small group size made violent conflict less suitable. If 10 of your group of 50 die in a battle, that is a massive blow to your population. And what would be the point of taking slaves then? A slave can rebell and thus must be guarded, wich binds manpower of your group. Also surviving members of their group might try to free them. So you only feasibly can take slaves if you outright genocide the other group. Thereby risking more of your populations health as they fight people who have nothing to loose. I am not saying it didn't happen. But at that time it was less practical.

[@romella_karmey]

@@dindinprivate3477 or even cannibalized.

[@sizanogreen9900]

@@dindinprivate3477 I think there was quite a bit of spectrum between willing intercourse, traded/stolen from their original community and outright enslavement. It is not like they had any book of instruction or law to base their behaviour on so I would assume they did what was most feasable at a moment based on their traditions and circumstances.

[@5Genjoyer]

Depends on the group. Each group of early humans would have developed their own culture, norms, and moral sense.

[@gator_teeth]

I love learning about other types of humans. Denisovans are my favorite type of human, barring current humans of course.

[@metoo3342]

I think the more slender build of Sapiens looks better than neanderthals and denisovans

[@jerrynoruega1625]

Great video, thank you!

[@bruceprins3305]

Excellent video.

[@tphvictims5101]

1:13 MAN, that’s a better manicure than I’ve ever had.

[@BFDT-4]

This is a MUCH BETTER video than Doug's from today, which only had about 17 seconds of any kind of real content. I like how you work the graphics. Happy Easter. ;)

[@osmosisjones4912]

Turns out sometimes paternal mitochondrial DNA does get passed down

[@williamjackson5942]

@@osmosisjones4912 Post your supporting data or blow up...sheeesh!

[@osmosisjones4912]

@@williamjackson5942 scishow is one . Also Google paternal mitochondrial. Or sperm mitochondria. It's quite easy to find links

[@williamjackson5942]

@@osmosisjones4912 LOL!

[@RoyPounsford]

Thankyou for your research

[@M76Q5]

Thank you. Great job!

[@ArturdeSousaRocha]

Would be interesting to know how they viewed the differences between them, or if they even cared. We will never know, and modern humans are hardly an indication here.

[@joeschultz2]

Artur: That's true. Apparently Neanderthals and Denisovans crossed populations so many times that we have to wonder if they viewed themselves much like we view someone from a foreign country today-as being _a little_ different, but not that much.

[@MGood-ij1hi]

A lot of that would have to depend on the degrees of "social power" between the different groups. If you assume that humans back then were just as tribal as they are today then the degree of physical domination that one group could imposed on another through numbers , organization, or weapons possession would determine how peacefully they got along. If one group could physically dominate another ,they would assume that their physical differences were proof of they superiority. Sadly, they would be just like us.

[@TheHortoman]

@@MGood-ij1hi also interbreeding could just be the result of one species tribe killing the men and kidnapping the women of another

[@MGood-ij1hi]

@@TheHortoman Possible, just look at the mass rape of of foreign women that was perpetrated by the armies of the warring nations during World War Two. And those were modern "civilized" men.

[@MendTheWorld]

Michael Goodlow Spears, Germs, and the best flint knapping technology.

[@todaystheday8]

Good stuff. Would love to know how they were island hopping. Did they float on crude rafts or actually come up with an early canoe or even sails? I just did a vid on Anuta and Rapa Nui so would be interesting.

[@damonbryan7232]

One thing to remember. During that time. Sea level was at least 400 ft lower. An some even put it as much as 700 ft. Meaning you could walk from Vietnam to Australia. An not even get your feet wet. Plus thousands of more islands would have been exposed.

[@whyjerrywhy]

Love these videos!

[@awaben]

Outstanding video. Many thanks. You have a new subscriber.

[@MiguelSpence]

Hi guys, I'm from Papua New Guinea, weird that I have a blond patch in the middle of my head, a significant Denisovian trait

[@thornyback]

Do you have Asian eyes too? Or is that a later change from the sandy Mongolian plateau.

[@tumblrcat7256]

What about us Native Americans as Mexican American im fascinated from the Denisovans DNA how much would i have. Im curious since my ancestors orginated from Siberia.

[@tumblrcat7256]

@Bubbles Bubs well i do know North America and south America went through 2 ice ages unlike europe or asia or Africa which might explain why their wasn't alot of Indians when Europeans "arrived." Thus explaining why Europeans felt it was easier to kill or breed with the Natives. But that doesn't explain how the Olmec went extinct during the B.C Era Before Christ era the Olmec might of been a mix between denisovans and homosapien which would explain how old the olmec were their probably the only people that survived 2 apocalyptic ice ages it what im trying to get At since We were already in the Americas far longer then when homosepains mixed with neanderthals in Europe.

[@tumblrcat7256]

@M Pulverman ohh so you’re saying their descendants from specific islanders like Hawaiians and Filipinos

[@triniblunt9482]

Interesting

[@dreamxcviii3249]

The most fascinating thing I always contemplate when learning about different branches of homo-sapiens is if you'd be able to take one out of their time as a baby and raise it in modern time as a normal functioning human, and if so then how far back would you be able to do this?, humans in the past weren't dumber than we were they just didn't have as much acquired knowledge so I wonder if you could take one of these Denisovans or Neanderthals and raise them in this century and have them have a basic understanding of physics and math and able to operate electronics with ease like the rest of us or if there truly would be some sort of genetic limiter to how much their brain would be able to adabt to such a change in cognitive function, it'd be funny to see a Denisovan driving a Tesla on autopilot while using his laptop to write a paper for college about how stars are formed 💀

[@fatterperdurabo42069]

Neanderthals probably could have done so, and the first anatomically modern human, raised in our modern world, would be indistinguishable from any other existing human in a general sense... so pretty far back.

[@zachcarter3186]

Most likely would confuse one with a diseased human. Lower IQ, physical abnormalities.

[@Handle_Edit]

You are funny with this imagination crap. No need to imagine if you can teach physics to a neanderthal. You can’t even teach that stuff to modern humans. Most of us are incapable of understanding that stuff. Trust me we humans ain’t smart. Thinking your superior than this so called neanderthal is making you think stupid things. THEY ARE HUMAN.

[@leostgeorge2080]

same question man has been asking for all time. Nature or Nurture?

[@WeighedWilson]

We don't know if their language skills would be compatible with ours. We can communicate with intelligent animals but we can't really have conversations with them.

[@joshinfantine8344]

Excellent video

[@alicehardy1668]

Great video. Thanks!

[@alioramus1637]

Very good! Makes our time in quarantine more bearable! Makes me wonder if someone from Somalia like myself have denisovan or neanderthal in me.

[@rahowherox1177]

Most likely. Most (experts) believe Somali, Ethiopian, Eritrean tribes originated from Arabia ... As the (Semitic) languages and tribal tradition suggests, and are genetically very "Caucasian" - from DNA analysis.

[@rahowherox1177]

Most likely. Most (experts) believe Somali, Ethiopian, Eritrean tribes originated from Arabia ... As the (Semitic) languages and tribal tradition suggests, and are genetically very "Caucasian" - from DNA analysis.

[@sonikku956]

@@rahowherox1177 People from the Horn of Africa have a mixed ancestry, they are not purely ancient Arabian nor purely Black African.

[@sonikku956]

Yeah, most likely dude. Hell, you're likely to have what I have: traces of an unknown African hominin, inside your DNA.

[@alioramus1637]

@@sonikku956 An unknown african hominin? sounds fascinating. how do you know that you have that? ps: i always thought somalis were pure africans

[@topsycretomega]

I’d love to meet all of our lost cousins 😌 it would be so amazing to meet other beings, who aren’t humans. But are so similar in so many ways.

[@americanwoman9342]

@Sean Curzon Like meeting Sabe/Bigfoot? I’ve been reading that their DNA, from hair samples, is a hairy hominid hybrid, Unknown male hominin species crossed with female Homo sapiens.. I am fascinated by all of the DNA information that is presented by scientists today.

[@rexlupusetxe8367]

Best video of the year so far.

[@anuradhainamdar8967]

Wonderful commentary Mr.Ben Thomas,you have covered the whole passage of Denivosian from the of his/her remains in Siberia to Oceania & Papua New Guinea, interbreeding with Neardarthal & Modern humans.The illustrations were was also very helpful. Thanks it was enjoyable & informative.

[@ujwolshrestha8143]

Denisovan Jaw bone was discovered in Tibetan monk. Possibly the origin of Yeti legend

[@bonnitaclaus2286]

Ever since I was a child, it did not make sense to me what I was learning in school back in the 50s. I did not have enough knowledge at the time to even speculate on anything. It just did not sit well. Learning about humanoids also did not make sense. Later in my life, as I learn more. I always thought that interbreeding went on. I felt that it would be found that many of the Early humans were extremely mixed group, and the variety of shapes of skulls & etc. was due to this mixing. I also thought on the issue of dominance and killing each other off did not make sense. I know that in many cultures bride gifts promoted peace. I do not even speculate if this was the case in some of the inner breeding between the different human species. What we are today how do we do to the mixing and re-mixing of all the the human lineage that were close enough that they could mix genetically with fertile offspring. Those hybrids that did not produce fertile offspring would’ve been dead ends because the genetics was not close enough. I’m anxious to find out and live long enough to hear the new theories as we add Or discoveries and able to retrieve more more DNA.

[@MGood-ij1hi]

Given how tribal people are today through nationalism , and bigotry toward outsiders ; that most people have in their cultures; and how suspicious and fearful that most cultures feel toward outsiders , you have to wonder where those inherit traits came from if not our ancestors. Maybe those traits served in their survival ; being trusting and peaceful may not have been good for one's health back then , just like today. Our ancestor's world was probably just as violent and unstable as ours.

[@dindinprivate3477]

@@MGood-ij1hi Sorry to say that I have to agree with you.

[@evasartorius9528]

@Bonita Claus New blood is still a concern in isolated communities. Without the modern desire of patriarchal societies to control a woman's uterus they must be freer to deal with that concern. Also, in this modern world I have know 2 women who didn't know sex was how you got pregnant. ….Anyhow breeding out is an instinctive drive in most species.

[@kevinstewart6771]

I share your feelings, even though I went to school in the 90s. They were so far behind and left so many holes in our education but now we have wonderful people like Ben to keep our minds wondering. Thank you for taking your time to write this comment, I am happy to know there are more people like me who like to gather information and use it creatively to imagine the distant past.

[@FeathPymArt]

My american schooling was early 60's, and I was 6 the first time I was told about Neanderthals. I was outraged at what I was told. NO. This is not how it was! I had no education on it and kids did NOT disagree with teachers, so I kept it to myself. But I disagreed with just about everything they told us. I am so glad we are learning more.

[@deceseze]

i wish i could vibe with the extinct humans :(

[@bruh-zs2xp]

Omg same

[@MrRedberd]

does vibe mean sex?

[@sybrstupidhead5526]

@@MrRedberd yes

[@theren2486]

wth

[@steampunkofgondor2619]

They were way bigger and stronger back then good luck with the diplomatic approach

[@pauleenwardale6425]

Thank you, very educational, I loved this video

[@zack41564]

Very good video, learned a lot. You earned a sub.

[@CMZneu]

Wait we have the entire DNA sequence of a denisovan? So we could theoretically clone a denisovan?

[@RutraNickers]

oh boy oh boy, I would love for a mad scientist to do it

[@CMZneu]

@@RutraNickers One could argue that it technically wouldn't even be human cloning.

[@sonikku956]

@@CMZneu It wouldn't be under the definition of "human = Homo sapiens". But these days, the word human has been used to describe Homo habilis to us.

[@manospondylus4896]

CMZ neu For cloning, at least with our current methods, you‘d need an intact nucleus from a living cell. We therefore cannot currently clone extinct animals directly from ancient DNA, the closest we can do is edit genes of living animals to resemble the ancient DNA sample. It‘s what some research teams are currently trying to do with asian elephants to produce mammoths

[@123stevehead]

Even if we could clone a Denisovan, It would probably just catch a modern disease and die.