Why Did A Rocket With A Secret Payload *Implode* on the Pad?

[@scottmanley]

NASA has posted video of the SLS tank buckling: twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1204163744814772224?s=20

[@msudawg1997]

Just FYI, the time delay between the buckle and the rupture was about 11 minutes

[@steveshoemaker6347]

As always...Thanks very much...!

[@thethirdman225]

Cardboard’s out... That really unzipped pretty quickly but I couldn’t tell where it failed first. Great result though.

[@msudawg1997]

@@thethirdman225 the buckle happened maybe a 18-24 inches below the white square. it resulted in enough of a crack that we could hear the nitrogen leaking out. Eleven minutes later the crack propogated both up and down from that middle point and ripped the front wide open.

[@thethirdman225]

Mike Nichols Great. Thanks for the info. I’ll have another look at it.

[@lancer525]

"Rockets are filled with explody stuff" Most scientifically-technical assessment I have ever heard. Well done you.

[@parabolicfinancenews9887]

You guys know there's a difference between implode and explode right

[@bobski8203]

Actually, I also love his accent and how it perfectly fits his enthusiasm.

[@iroulis]

@@bobski8203 Aye cap'n. How quaint.

[@fungoose2195]

​@@parabolicfinancenews9887and you understand why thats not a relevent distinction here.

[@HydraulicPressChannel]

Those nasa boys have pretty nice hydraulic press :D

[@FailTorrent]

I want to see them put an SLS sized Swedish-English dictionary in it.

[@jimsvideos7201]

Imagine finding you two here 😀

[@msudawg1997]

Yeah, we're pretty proud of our hydraulic cylinders..... ;-)

[@tehbonehead]

Yes. Quite imPRESSive.

[@mikethareaper1789]

Holy shit

[@Queldonus]

“Rockets are full of explody stuff.” -Scott Manley, December 2019

[@Roboprogs]

I want you to put a lot of energy in a small space. .... safely. No problem, right?

[@andrewc1036]

Splody is the correct term

[@johnmorgan1629]

Or how to get more bang for your buck.

[@colinantink9094]

Well.....he’s not wrong.....

[@louielouiepks]

If i were you, I'd send that word to Webster's for entry in next printing of dictionary.

[@jarno_de_wit]

That's some incredible staging happening at 8:48. A sattelite pulling away from an accelerating upper stage, while leaving no visible exhaust.

[@davidkueny2444]

"Explosion fatigue" sounds like the limiting factor on an Orion pusher plate's lifetime.

[@Xeno056]

lel

[@DreadX10]

A materials creepy death.

[@glenmcgillivray4707]

Gotta be careful of thermal cycling, keep your cyclists at a constant temperature! And microfractures ruining your day, keep your fractures on the macro scale! Otherwise it makes the error of your weight (and thus mass) measures complicated.

[@davidkueny2444]

@@glenmcgillivray4707 methinks that the only advantage a macrofracture has over a microfracture is that you can see the former and decide not to use the engine.

[@Psycorde]

Mr. Torgue would be appalled if he heard this phrase uttered by someone

[@olivialambert4124]

Interestingly using pressure for structure is used everywhere, in the most unexpected of places. For instance coke cans use the liquid inside to remain strong, if was only due to their strength alone they wouldn't be able to support anywhere near enough weight when they're stacked and would require a huge increase to aluminium used. Pressure and a thin walled container really is one of the most efficient ways to make a device strong.

[@Allan_aka_RocKITEman]

*_"If this WORKS, it is going to be COOL!"_* *_"If this DOES NOT WORK, it is going to be REALLY COOL!!"_* 😄😄😄😄

[@burtlangoustine1]

Caps, italics, emboldened, punctuated and with emoji's too. Explain

[@Allan_aka_RocKITEman]

@@burtlangoustine1 >>> No, I did NOT use the word _"Explain"_ in my post. :~)°

[@awesomemcawesomeshorts9531]

KSP in a nutshell

[@BennyLlama39]

@ Don't forget the Mythbusters. 😀

[@brandon3883]

Well, if the failure is due to a fuel leak, there's a very good chance that it will be literally and extremely "cool" until the fuel explodes...

[@rdfox76]

Trivia note: Werner von Braun was less than thrilled with the thought of using balloon tanks on any rocket, but particularly a man-rated one. He finally was persuaded to stop fighting the desire to use them when the Atlas program manager invited him to come down to the factory with a sledgehammer and try to put it through the side of a pressurized Atlas missile--apparently, both NASA and the Air Force put the kibosh on that idea right quick (more out of the worry von Braun would injure himself than anything else), but it got the point across.

[@cogoid]

Good story -- though some details seem to have been slightly different. It was not von Braun himself, but Willie Mrazek, von Braun’s Structural Section Chief. And he *did* get hit when the hammer bounced off. von Braun's mistrust for Atlas had to do with more than just its structural design -- despite program's eventual success, there were numerous problems early on. The details of the story can be found in this "NASA history series" report: "Taming liquid hydrogen : the Centaur upper stage rocket, 1958-2002" / Virginia P. Dawson, Mark D. Bowles. p. cm. (NASA-SP-2004-4230) On pages 38-39 you will find the following: _To quell Mrazek’s doubts, Bossart invited him to take a sledge hammer and give the tank a whack. Failing to put even the slightest dent in the tank, he tried again, this time giving the side of the tank a glancing blow that caused the sledge hammer to fly out of his hand, knocking his glasses off, but again leaving the surface unscathed. Although this test may have proved the strength of the balloon structure, it did nothing to endear General Dynamics to Mrazek or win the von Braun group’s faith in the ability of Centaur to lift an expensive spacecraft into space._

[@jwilder47]

You could call this series "When NASA went more Kerbal."

[@nikkiofthevalley]

Lol, yea

[@charlie15627]

Shirt idea: “FLY SAFE” With an exploding or collapsing rocket behind it.

[@gildedbear5355]

"FLY SAFE" with an exploding rocket behind it and a capsule escaping with a Launch Escape System

[@scorinth]

@@gildedbear5355 I will buy this.

[@Nick205150]

Fly safe with a rocket inside a condom

[@mk6315]

Fly safe with a rocket stuck nose first in the dirt

[@fruitella196]

Mitchell Kelly pointy side up

[@spaced-cadet]

When you’re pretty sure you’re basically riding a controlled explosion, but the rocket implodes.

[@darkfeffy]

The good ol' switcheroo

[@amanwithnohat3948]

Pulled a sneaky on ya

[@jakesnake165]

Yeah NASA planed this

[@AbbreviatedReviews]

6:13 I've always hated when my rocket goes limp.

[@kimmer6]

Hmmm, the Heat Seeking Moisture Missile.

[@stainlesssteelfox1]

It happens with older rockets. It's a more common problem than most people realise.

[@pentagramprime1585]

Doesn't happen with this older rocket. I do yoga.

[@gibbo9089]

perhaps they should add liquid Viagra to the mix.

[@kimmer6]

@@pentagramprime1585 I use a Popsicle stick and electrical tape to keep me flying safe.

[@arikwolf3777]

I hate when you lose pressure before mission is completed.

[@richb313]

Centaur, a perfect example of ,"If It Ain't Broke Don't Fix It." You could probably do an entire series on that alone.

[@TheBiggreenpig]

6:18 This flaccid rocket looks so sad.

[@freaky_freek]

Failure to keep your rocket upright is a common reason for people to feel sad.

[@anarchyantz1564]

I hear "explosion fatigue" can really cause some issues when trying to get your thrust up.

[@etatauri]

Scrolled down just to see an erection joke.

[@jacianmcgurk7424]

@@etatauri hahaha,nice one :-)

[@Fred_the_1996]

@@freaky_freek haha

[@vovacat1797]

Implosion... An amazing word my language has no direct translation for, only for "explosion", and then you have to explain "implosion" with a couple of words. But "Implosion" is like... You hear it and you instantly know exactly what happened by just how it sounds. Rapid unscheduled shrinking. It was going well until it imploded!

[@chrismoule7242]

Languages are wonderful things, aren't they.

[@AbsoluteHuman]

Это точно!

[@bladewind0verlord]

Fun fact: everyone's favorite un-sticker-izer, wd-40, was first invented to protect the fragile steel tank walls of the atlas rockets from rust which, even in very minuscule amounts, could catastrophically ruin their structural integrity.

[@phoule76]

WD-Farty

[@a-fl-man640]

and if memory serves it was the 40th try that was a success.

[@bobblum5973]

@@a-fl-man640 WD-39 just never caught on. Sort of like that soft drink, 6-Up. 😉

[@hr_pedersen1439]

@ well it isn't really a lubricant... It's name is literally "water displacement 40"

[@SparkBerry]

I use it on the aircraft I work on, and when I'm asked why am I using stuff I bought at the local hardware store, I start with " Let me tell you what this cheap stuff was made for...." 😂😂😂

[@mesonparticle]

I could listen to Scott say "balloon" literally all day!

[@fim-43redeye31]

Seeing that the SLS tank withstood *260% load* for *five hours* makes me feel pretty good. That's waaaay beyond anything they'd normally see - hell, if you could get that kind of reliability on every part I'd almost be convinced to scrap the launch escape system. Almost.

[@HalNordmann]

These margins are common for aerospace technology. And they are quite often necessary.

[@nobodyspecial7097]

"explody stuff" - Seems scientific to me.

[@cesiumion]

Lol

[@bat2293]

Reminds me of an old Aero Prof of mine who summed up a whole blackboard of equations with the phrase: "Zooo, as you can zee, no vhoosh, no zoom". I think he would have been perfectly happy with "explody stuff".

[@dalethelander3781]

I LOL'd

[@Ugly_German_Truths]

@Nobody Special ... only when you document it... remember your lessons from Mythbusters: it's not science if you don't take notes! :D

[@ThatBoomerDude56]

Back in the eartly 1960s, my uncle came back from working at the Cape with a film reel of all of the early Atlas explosions. My cousins & I sat on the floor watching them all. Dad explained to me that the Atlas didn't have the internal structure to stand by itself. There was a sample Atlas rocket at a park outside of General Dynamics plant. He showed me the wooden frame inside that was holding it up.

[@grzegorzkapica7930]

So Atlas rockets are big soda cans?

[@Atlessa]

Yep.

[@Steeyuv]

You mean, you had to ask?

[@davidpaulsen1510]

So is starship well beer kegs anyway

[@grzegorzkapica7930]

@@davidpaulsen1510 I do not think Starshio needs to be pressurized to lift the payload.

[@Jehty_]

No. Empty soda cans don't collapse under their own weight.

[@videolabguy]

First there was hopper. Then there was popper! Never a dull moment.

[@nicholasmaude6906]

Actually, Scott, the Atlas II did use SRBs and they were attached to the booster stage's thrust-structure (The part that's jettisoned after the booster engines are shut down).

[@scottmanley]

Yes you're right.

[@andret4403]

@@scottmanley Note Atlas III was designed for SRBs as well. It had to have the tube supports upgraded due to the g loading the SRB put on the thrust section.

[@aratanaenor]

"260% of flight load for about 5 hours." Is that sufficient for a speed run to the moon?

[@MysterDaftGame]

*to the Mun

[@Musikur]

@@MysterDaftGame *to the Mün

[@ricomotions5416]

@@Musikur thats something for the future, real life lunar speedruns Lunar landing [any%] in 15min

[@robmaxi1]

Yes number 5! Great video Scott. I thought I knew some stuff about rockets. At forty years old I just learned that those cool looking metal rockets were balloons. Mind blown!

[@dandeprop]

Hi Scott--It also turns out that the leaking LOX badly damaged the launcher itself. The launcher structure was made of structural steel that doesn't have much fracture toughness down at LOX temperatures.

[@OnboardG1]

That’s a sad trombone rocket failure if ever I’ve seen one.

[@maniacal_engineer]

A coworker of mine worked on the atlas earlier in his career. The atlasses were stored under positive pressure until they could be finished. He told me of a 4th of July weekend at the San Diego plant. A supervisor was required to come in and verify pressure periodically on the Atlas semi-formed fuselages to make sure nothing crumpled. He parked his truck near the tanks and walked down to inspect them. Unfortunately he had failed to set the parking brake on the truck which rolled down and impacted the first of the missiles. It popped like a balloon, but the popping created shrapnel which took out the next one - and so on. They lost 8 of the ten missiles that day, and in the subsequent inquiry the supervisor (who miraculously was completely unscathed) was discharged That is the story as it was told to me by Chuck Greenman. A wwII vet who swam towing an unconscious man hundreds of yards with a broken pelvis after a crash in the south pacific.

[@ekscalybur]

Formula 1 engineers: we use the engine as load bearing element in the structure of the car. NASA engineers: pffft, we use the fuel in our tanks as a structural element in our rockets.

[@butchs.4239]

Farm tractors have been built using the engine as a structural element since the 30's.

[@johncrowerdoe5527]

@@butchs.4239 Do Lamborghini cars do this too?

[@butchs.4239]

@@johncrowerdoe5527 I dunno for certain, but Lamborghini tractors do. It wouldn't surprise me that their cars do as well, using the engine as an structural element makes a lot of sense in a mid-engined rear drive car. Especially a sports car where minimal weight is a design goal.

[@TWX1138]

@@butchs.4239 It doesn't hurt that the engine itself is probably the strongest component of the entire vehicle.

[@allangibson8494]

John Crower Doe Yes - as do Lamborghini tractors... (Lamborghini made tractors before they made cars).

[@PhilJonesIII]

So, essentially, astronauts don't get sent up on rockets but balloons with rocket engines. I'm suddenly glad I didn't become an astronaut.

[@zapfanzapfan]

260% of flight load is a good margin, I think man-rated requires 150% of flight load.

[@msudawg1997]

Qualification loads were to 140%

[@drewbeans]

@@msudawg1997 hi

[@JeKramxel]

I always scratch my head wondering who would dislike your videos... Great content as always, Scott!

[@h.cedric8157]

*SpaceX Starship* tank blew. NASA SLS: *hold my LOX*

[@illuminate4622]

SpaceX: keeps sipping it's nitrogen

[@jedswift]

A couple of thoughts on the pressure stabilized "steel balloon" structures: 1) It should be noted that in flight loss of tank pressurization is a flight loss for any rocket. The structure of "free standing" designs are not designed to carry the propellant loads without pressurization. The pumps also require pressure on the inlets to prevent cavitation on the low pressure sides of the impellers and stators (forming tiny near vacuum gas bubbles in the flow). When these bubble collapse they generate momentary high pressures and temperatures. When this happens with the LOX pump, the metal surfaces catch fire with disastrous effects. 3) Solid motors can be integrated to the tank using an internal ring structure as the Atlas 2A demonstrated. 4) The real advantage of this construction technique is it decouples the requirement to be "column stable" under compression loads. This means that the material density is *not* a design requirement. Longerons, low density composite walls, honeycomb structures, and complex panel wall machining are unnecessary. The only figures of merit to consider are strength to weight and weldability. This opens up a world of potential materials, including refractory alloys that could make a reusable system simpler than competing concepts due to the near complete elimination of the acreage high temperature TPS. Post flight inspections would be vastly simplified by the single membrane tankage walls that would be completely exposed for both visual and gas leak detection. 5) Scot noted that the Atlas was close to being an SSTO. Putting numbers to this - Mercury capsule weighted about 5,000 lbs and the booster motors and aft skirt that were jettisoned weight about 7,000 lbs. The Atlas was within 2,000 lbs of being an SSTO out of the 350,000 lb lift off weight with second generation MA-5 engines that were capable of a whopping 295 sec vacuum Isp. SpaceX's Merlin 1B, running of the same propellants advertises 310 sec and RD-191 337 seconds, likely close to the practical limit for RP1. The SpaceX Raptor advertises 363 seconds on the somewhat less dense methane, likely the best that can be done with a hydrocarbon. Diving into LH2, the RS-25 demonstrated 452.3 seconds For a 30,000 ft/sec mission this would yield a 16%, 48%, 80%, and 200% increase in injected mass respectively (Low LEO with 5kft/sec assumed aero and gravity losses). 6) There are two big disadvantages to the pressure stabilized concepts. The first is perception, it just seems flimsy and look flimsy when held depressurized in a stretch fixture. The second is the tooling required to manufacture this class of structures is expensive and complicated; all the weld joints must be supported both internally and externally. The Atlas internal fixture collapsed like a monster umbrella to pull it out the end access panel. The Atlas manufacturing jigs should be in a museum. It is interesting how we seem to be very satisfied with a pressure stabilized structure in our daily lives; the pneumatic tire. The tire is much more structurally complicated. The operational environment is fraught with dynamically changing loads, abrasion and sharp objects. Makes tank design seem like a cake-walk.

[@Haloriky]

When talking about the atlas 7d implosion you talked about a pin rupturing a helium line causing loss of pressure and consequent loss of the vehicle, could you make a video explaining how they manage to understand exactly what went wrong, when all it remains are bits scattered around the ground? Thank you and keep up the good work

[@johncrowerdoe5527]

Maybe the ruptured line was outside the rocket, as part of the Launch site.

[@jamesanderton344]

Test missiles had telemetry to feed back information...and many high speed cameras on the launch pad....many of which are available on KZbin courtesy of the San Diego Air and Space Museum

[@sixstringedthing]

Having the structural integrity of your rocket be dependent on propellant tank pressure makes perfect sense, from the point of view that your rocket engine isn't going to work very well without it. The fact that the rocket folds itself in half if it loses tank pressure is an additional minor complication.

[@elguinolo7358]

Black hole engines are still very experimental, they often result in the entire ship being sucked into the gravity well.

[@revenevan11]

Future space travel has somehow managed to find propulsion methods even more terrifying than riding on top of a barely controlled explosion. I'd still get on the ship!

[@sixstringedthing]

If I recall my history, there was one spacecraft that successfully engaged its black hole drive, but there were some... unfortunate consequences.

[@maranscandy9350]

sixstringedthing Was that an episode of Gilligan’s island?

[@sixstringedthing]

@@maranscandy9350 Sure, it was the one where the Professor creates a black hole drive from coconuts and bamboo, and it acidentally sends Gilligan, Ginger and The Skipper into a hell dimension where their minds are broken and their flesh corrupted, whereupon they return and start ritualistically slaughtering the rest of the castaways. A barrel of laughs for the whole familty!

[@timothymclean]

Small black holes are actually surprisingly safe. Between their small size and their Hawking radiation, matter falling into the black hole by accident is like a beachball falling into a fire hose nozzle while it's in use. Of course, if you can't keep it fed, it'll start losing mass, causing it to radiate harder and faster, leading to a runaway meltdown and a rather impressive explosion.

[@JeffreyBue_imtxsmoke]

Keep doing what you're doing Scott... you are the best Space Historian, bar-none. I could watch videos like this all day.

[@phlarb6505]

1:41 Hah! The rocket couldn't maintain it's "rigidness." It happens to the best of us, my friend.

[@Mac1PC]

Very interesting and informative. Thank you.

[@markdoldon8852]

Someone said "any idiot can design a bridge. It takes an engineer to build one that just barely stands"

[@scottmanley]

It’s even harder when the bridge has to fly

[@rocketmentor]

You're the only time I heard anyone come close to calling the Atlas a SSTO which arguably it is and has orbited its self albeit with a minimal payload but none the less a great achievement for a kerosene fueled rocket. Important points are: Ground ignited sustainer/vernier engines AND same tankage as the booster engines all going into orbit.As you mentioned only the 2 booster engines are dropped but no tankage. I worked on the test stand where the Atlas was captive fired full flight configuration at Edwards AFB,stand 1a later configured for the Saturn F-1 engine testing. Great job as always Scott. Ken

[@nzoomed]

Its incredible those balloon tanks never collapsed during launch as the fuel was consumed and pressure dropped. I guess by the time that could happen, that stage is ready to separate?

[@revenevan11]

They keep them pressurized with another gas or by injecting some exhaust, depending on the rocket! I'm not sure what Atlas used, but most rockets need pressure in the tanks to help fuel flow, so the falcon 9 uses helium, some russian rockets burn some fuel to add exhaust, and some others boil liquid nitrogen I think.

[@revenevan11]

@Pronto lol, it totally does! Just like the germans and Russians using concentrated vodka as an early rocket fuel! But in reality the fuel and oxidizer are in separate tanks so it shouldn't cause any issues, since there's no oxygen in the fuel tank, and I'd assume an insignificant amount in the exhaust if things are going according to plan. But, there's probably good reasons we don't see it used today!

[@cogoid]

@@revenevan11 Atlas used helium in very much the same way as Falcon-9 does, except that in Atlas, the helium bottles were cooled by liquid nitrogen, while Falcon-9 puts the bottles directly in the LOX tank. Both rockets heat the helium by turbine exhaust before using it for tank pressurization. Russians did use gas generators to pressurize tanks on some rockets. Proton is one of such rockets that still flies. I think Russians had already experimented with this idea before the war, but so did the Germans. Karl-Heinz Bringer in Peenemunde have developed gas generators which burned hypergolic fuel components and then cooled the gas by injecting water. The resulting steam was inert enough to be used for pressurizing both the oxidizer tank and the fuel tank. After the war he went to France, and many French rockets used this system, including the first stage of Ariane-1 through 4, which also had its engines designed by Bringer.

[@richhoule3462]

Seems like bracing would be added to a static display Atlas. I lived close to Plattsburgh NY former home of the 556th SMS using the Atlas F. My question is, how were the missiles stored upright in their silos without collapsing? They were raised out of their silos for fueling, so were they pressurized inside the silos at all times?

[@rokin0]

"Explosion Fatigued" I don't think that could ever happen :D keep em coming. Maybe a montage to the 1812 overture!

[@ConfusedNyan]

They did that in MythBusters with all the boomy stuff they did, so why not?

[@electrospank]

These really are the best videos. Thank you ScoMan!

[@MattChaffe]

Wait hold up. At 7:57 with all the Atlas V variants, there is a HLV version on the far right. Has that ever flown, or is it a design that will be flown some day? I was caught off guard cause I thought that was a Delta IV model, but quickly realized those were Altas V first stages.

[@nardgames]

Never flown, any chanes it had of flying died when vulcan was announced.

[@MattChaffe]

@@nardgames Good point, it wasn't till the end of the video I realized that Atlas won't be around for much longer

[@stevengeorges9046]

Your common soda cans are designed the same way. The walls of the cans are so thin that they would collapse under the weight of the cases of soda placed on top of them. It is only the pressure of the carbonated soda inside the cans that allow them to withstand the weight of the cans stacked on top of them.

[@mightylink65]

Thanks, I always wanted to know more about balloon tanks ever since I saw that option in Kerbal Realism Overhaul.

[@garymazeffa]

Always a great job. You get to the key points quickly and provide nice insights. Keep up the good work!

[@VolcanicSpacePizza]

Huh, I thought for museums they just stuck an i-beam up the middle of the booster. Seems alot cheaper for maintenance compared to constant pressurization.

[@heyarno]

Or fill it with hard foam.

[@illustriouschin]

They fill them with beans.

[@JohnWilliamNowak]

Usually, yeah. However, the Atlas and Centaur at the US Space and Rocketry Center in Huntsville are kept at pressure.

[@r0br33r]

@Pronto You're starting to get it, NASA loves your money! And who loves money more than anyone on earth??

[@siddharthiyer1120]

@@r0br33r Haha well it's the museum that's putting down the money. Im not well versed on museum subsidies but I'd rather have the entirety of my tax dollars go into keeping a couple million dollar metal balloon inflated instead of sending another 10 tanks to shoot brown people in the middle east over 'freedom'.

[@EddieBoes]

I spent the last two minutes of this video dumbfounded and contemplating the 0.015" tank wall thickness after Scott said it. WOW. THAT is an incredible piece of engineering, and a testament to the Materials engineers and Fabricators.

[@EddieBoes]

More thought.... that CAN'T be a right number, can it? It wouldn't even be able to hold its shape during fabrication.

[@cogoid]

@@EddieBoes It is the right number. Pieces were put in jigs, clamped and then welded. It was very well thought out production. You can see many parts of the process in film reports from the manufacturer.

[@EddieBoes]

@@cogoid I think I was mixing the tanks too.... Scott was specifically talking about the Centaur upper tank.... and I was thinking about the lower tank, with it's long, cylindrical construction supporting the upper stage and payload. THAT tank is different. So, thanks for commenting, It made me look into it further to see where my thoughts went.

[@cogoid]

@@EddieBoes The bottom, the first stage, is the Atlas missile. Its skin is also thin. From NASA report: "The Atlas booster, as an example, has a diameter of 120 inches (3.042 m). The skin is made of 301 extra full-hard stainless steel varying in thickness from 0.014 inch (0.000356 m) to 0.034 inch (0.000863 m). The cylinder is formed with a series of bands, approximately 30 inches (0. 761 m) wide, welded together with circumferential lap joints and doubler reinforced butt-welded vertical joints" ["Experimental bending strength of an Atlas LV-3C booster beyond compressive skin wrinkling " RP Miller 1969]

[@UncleWermus]

Each day I get my full Joe Scott Manley fix is a good day

[@vikkimcdonough6153]

6:28 - Why not add an internal reinforcing skeleton to the museum Atlases so they won't collapse if the air compressor line comes loose?

[@jamesanderton344]

Sean McDonough display atlases have an internal frame

[@bobiboulon]

6:25 Wait until the space deniers find that photo. They will go absolutly mad. I can already hear them saying things like "It's a proof that the Saturn five was a rocket-assisted balloon!".

[@Wallyworld30]

I thought this same thing!

[@KnighteMinistriez]

I don't know about you, but I like watching things go kaboomboom You're awesome

[@vorpalcheese]

Thanks for the great video! I've been wondering though, have you ever heard of the "tippy-sat" aka NOAA N-Prime incident? As far as I can tell no one on KZbin has covered it yet.

[@scottmanley]

You mean the one where they didn't log removing the bolts?

[@vovochen]

Cool.

[@agate_jcg]

Are there any launchers that can support their weight when unpressurized at 1 g, but rely on fuel pressure to support themselves against high-g flight loads? Seems like this would be a good compromise between high performance and practical ground operations.

[@FoamyDave]

As the Atlas is keeling over did I see a parachute deploy?

[@erictaylor5462]

2:30 It looks more like a collapse than an implosion.

[@rethla]

​@M. de k. If you remove the cap from a plastic bottle it loses its rigidity and you can bend is easily but that isnt an implosion... if you suck the air (or whatever is in it) out of it however it will implode but thats not what happened with the rockets.

[@MushookieMan]

"This doesn't normally happen."

[@hjalfi]

The Atlas D footage looks weird to me. What are the white flash which appear just as the Atlas D starts collapsing, at about 1:55? You can see the main tank body turn from white to silver when the second one happens. There's a white cloud just prior to the first which could be the oxygen tank depressurising (although there looks to be too little vapour for that, surely?). The flashes don't look like explosions. Also, is there an edit at the second flash? Do we just skip from the depressurisation event to the collapse some time later, after which time the ice on the cryogenic tank has had a chance to melt?

[@scottmanley]

There’s a cut in the film. The tank was white from frost when it was full of LOX but the melted as the LOX drained.

[@mentatphilosopher]

Just like aluminum cans. Once saw a stack of aluminum cans over 30 ft high in a warehouse topple when a row towards the bottom was depressurized as a forklift scrapped across them.

[@cogoid]

Not a scientific test, but gives one an idea of the strength of pressurized metal cans. One coke can, well padded to distribute the weight evenly, can hold: opened can 77 kg pressurized full can 360 kg (from "How Much Weight Can a Soda Can Hold? Hydraulic Press Test" video)

[@matchesburn]

1:33 - Somewhere, Michael Bay's secret KZbin account that's subscribed to you is going, "No! I want MORE explosions! Show me MORE!"

[@hellishgrin4604]

260% flight load, that's some serious FOS! For something that needs to be light weight.

[@stellie3553]

Those technicians that saved the rocket payload and stopped fuel from spilling are total chads.

[@beachcomberfilms8615]

"I'm Scott Manley, fly safe" (as the rocket falls and smashes into the ground)

[@markusdaxamouli5196]

Great topic MANLEY...GOOD JOB

[@jbrice2010]

“Explodey stuff” - yeah baby!

[@chrisprince2018]

Great coverage, Sunday should be interesting.

[@chrisfields8077]

I guess with centaur being the upper stage, it doesn't require as much structural strength overall compared to any main stage.

[@gregthomas7950]

Great video! Never knew about the balloon tanks. Learn something new every day.

[@cdmonmcginn7561]

Interesting fact the balloon tanks ended up resoulting in a explosion in a missile base blowing the warhead 3 miles away

[@scottmanley]

Nah those were just regular tanks leaking explodey stuff.

[@djb0110]

The Space and Rocket center in Huntsville has an Atlas and they have to keep about 3psi to keep the tanks filled. A while back they also had a balloon tank Centaur but it was removed. Sure was a pain to keep the pressure on those things for years on end. Had to replace rotting hoses last year on the thing.

[@breadturbo]

'Explosion fatigue' we play KSP Scott!

[@Atlessa]

Well said.

[@IainMace]

Came on to say exactly that... Explode fatigue??? Not a chance!

[@TillRiedell]

I will never tire of rocket explosions

[@collinschofield808]

Who else has been to the Air Force Museum in Dayton?

[@infinitumneo840]

I can think of so many jokes about these balloon tanks. The imagery is just to funny!

[@u-wot-n8]

"And therefore the Atlas V was also able to take solid rocket motors" The Atlas II had a variant with SRBs on it, the Atlas II AS, last launched in 2005: watch?v=VXXdxkr-L8k

[@michael-m]

Almost at a million, Scott!

[@erikgranqvist3680]

How are they keeping the preassure up as the fuel is being used by the engine? I imagine there should be several ways to solvw that.

[@xponen]

they pump in a different gas into the tank, like helium.

[@cogoid]

Even rockets with sturdy tanks have to keep pressure up. (Turbopumps in the rocket engines usually require certain inlet pressure to function without cavitation -- pressure of about 3 Bar is typical.) Indeed, many different systems for pressurizing the tanks have been developed over time. Some designs burn stuff to generate gas. Russian Soyuz boils liquid nitrogen to fill the empty space with hot nitrogen gas. SpaceX uses helium in Falcon 9, and will just boil the fuel itself in their next big methane / liquid oxygen rocket.

[@JimProng]

As a teenager I built a liquid powered rocket which had a fuel tank pressurised by acetylene gas which was produced in a chamber on the top of the rocket where calcium carbide and water were mixed. It exploded! I then went on to solid fuel rockets which were easier to build and did not explode so often. You couldn't do any of that today, but the UK in the 60's was a different country Scott. :-)

[@TrainsandRockets]

"Rockets have Explody Stuff" ~Manley 2019 end.

[@pzoe3808]

If it works keep it. Like the B-52 bomber and the a-10 aircraft, It makes sense to keep good designs around. I think the case can be made to keep the Falcon 9 rocket long term with it’s amazing Economy and reuse ability.

[@revenevan11]

Right, unless the task at hand or the enemy or competition drastically changes, or a major tech breakthrough means that worthwhile improvements can be made that aren't possible to simply add as an upgrade, stick with what works! That said in the case of SpaceX, I hope they keep making F9s if they're cost effective for their own niche, but I think starship might just blow it out of the water (hopefully figuratively)

[@PHeMoX]

The NASA test was _very_ different from the SpaceX test in how this NASA test was actually supposed to burst.

[@esegueyjose7870]

thats literally what he said..

[@vladimirdyuzhev]

Call me "explosion-fatigued", but I would rather listen more about that NASA test.

[@freakshow1997]

At 6:49there is footage of a liquid NITROGEN filling of a rocket stage, presumably. Any idea what that could be for?

[@MendTheWorld]

The sight of the parachutes deploying before the rocket hits the ground is so sad. 2:02 🙁

[@jordanhazen7761]

@Pronto If only the CRS-7 Dragon's logic tree had been set up that way...

[@MeetDannyWilson]

@MendTheWorld That's not a parachute - that's a payload fairing.

[@aerodroo]

Just found and subbed to your channel, already a huge fan. Pre-congrats on the big 1M coming up!

[@jbrice2010]

Isn’t the opposite of rigid, ... flacid?

[@humanhiveanomaly]

@1:35, what's the opposite of "explosion fatigued"?

[@revenevan11]

Explosion deficient?

[@Atlantianreborn]

If the space deniers and flat earthers saw this they would say "Look, proof that NASA uses balloons and not real rockets"

[@electraglide9357]

Why include flat earthers in this? You don't have to be a flat earther to question the space program. You sound like a shill!

[@paulsilagi4783]

I mean that statement is half correct, they are using balloons. Metal balloons full of rocket fuel, but still.

[@xliquidflames]

Grissom's comment is understandable. It never stops amazing me how complex these vehicles are. One tiny thing goes wrong and you could have a rapid unscheduled disassembly like the example here - pin comes lose and hydrogen explodes. If it were me, I wouldn't be able to stop imagining some random bolt deep in the guts of the rocket wiggling out of its hole, falling, puncturing something important and blowing me up. But that's why I'm not an astronaut, I guess.

[@PacesIII]

.015", or fifteen thousandths of an inch, is almost 4 sheets of copier paper in thickness.

[@paulscanter5562]

Great video! I worked on the Atlas in the early ‘90s. The hemispherical bulkhead would sometimes collapse, or “reverse” right on the assembly room floor if the compressor keeping the temperature failed. There was always someone onsite to fix that situation if pressure was low and an alarm went off. Unless it was second shift and the entire crew was taking an extended lunch break at 94th Aero Squadron, a local restaurant and bar. And that’s what happened one night. The alarm went off and everyone, including the supervisor as two miles away having beers. The tank was scrapped, I also had a close call as my desk was in the assembly room and one cold morning ai opened one of the big roll up doors to let some diesel exhaust fumes from a crane out. As I returned to my desk I heard a loud boom. As the cold air rushed in, the temperature differential between the ambient air and the air inside the tank caused the tank to begin contracting because the compressor couldn’t keep up. I ran and closed the door and the pressure came back up.

[@greghansen38]

Can we ever get enough barely-contained explodey stuff?

[@OldStreetDoc]

When you build any component part, you MUST test its failure point. One of the most interesting parts of this field.

[@goingballisticmotion5455]

Towards the end of the implosion, is that the abort system deploying the payload with a parachute?

[@samsquareddd]

hey Scott. I've been watching your videos since 2016 and I just fell in love with space and science. I just wanna tell you that you're awesome and you're making an impact on young kids, like myself, to chase their dreams and I can't thank you enough for it. Thank you Scott, here's to a new year and more life. Keep up the hard work!