Why Do Processors Get So Hot?

[@mrkagouris5609]

So now I know why CPUs are so hot, but why are you?

[@mrkagouris5609]

(no homo)

[@mrkagouris5609]

[gone right][gone left][gone sexual]

[@louistournas120]

+Mr Kagouris: In order for our bodies to function, at the cellular level, we break apart certain molecules such as glucose and combine it with oxygen and this produces CO2, H2O and some heat. Some of the energy is used to make other molecules, some of it is used to contract muscles. (Don’t take my word for it since I’m not an expert in biochemistry).

[@spktrleet1750]

+Mr Kagouris gone up gone down gone wrong gone right gone are my hopes and dreams

[@bigdaddyumi]

LMFAO!

[@AzVidsPro]

how do i overclock my mousepad?

[@biggg231GAME]

The Tech Mate spill tea on it

[@Wizard_Graphics]

Clean it

[@DazzerJ]

Stick some caulk in it

[@waduushbaduush8341]

I learn more from you than I learn in school

[@GregSalazar]

That's honestly the goal here.

[@MrMINECRAFTDABOMB]

thankyou

[@Tothebeast75candy]

3:57 to 4:00 I need a gif of that

[@MKyronGaming]

Ikr

[@allenqueen]

yeah that was fun

[@2canines]

hacker man move

[@AlpacasForAva]

Me whenever I need to explain how to build a computer.

[@Shmidershmax]

When I was a kid I wished I had glasses just so I can make that gesture.

[@jaredbussard6920]

My PC uses AMD and is better than Intel... You know why? Mine doubles as a fucking Stove and is cheaper!

[@Cavi587]

XD

[@MisterMuffin_]

+K'nextreme Productions FX 8370 for me :3

[@jaredbussard6920]

+MrMuffinGame #WTFU yah lol

[@jaredbussard6920]

+K'nextreme Productions must suck

[@DumDoDoor]

Unless later software is more optimized, he can still rock with that processor.

[@EGG-gj1dt]

the transistor animation got my eyes broken rebooting brain...error404

[@allenqueen]

your brain is too weak consider OverClocking it

[@EGG-gj1dt]

+Kakashi Hatake system.32 error 10100101001010010111

[@Ozziepeck11]

It would be error 503, error 404 is when a request is made for a document or file that doesn't exist on the web server.

[@bloogaming8827]

+Ozzie Peck that's the joke. He is implying that he doesn't have a brain.

[@DumDoDoor]

You mean a dumb terminal?

[@mohyou9551]

I am early lemme think of a joke Nvidia's founder edition cards

[@NibblyBitz]

Nice, I'm also early lemme make a joke! The price of the flagship card in australia

[@NibblyBitz]

+Tony Lee looks like we won't be getting a well deserved upgrade any time soon ;(

[@dukdo7790]

+NibblyBitz Don't forget the fact that some of the cheapest RX 480's are more expensive than a brand new R9 390!

[@mohyou9551]

Dankerino Nicherino where do u live? Africa? Lol

[@dukdo7790]

+moh you No I live in Australia, here is proof. au.pcpartpicker.com/products/video-card/#c=311,370&sort=a8&page=1

[@nikoyochum6974]

You are one of the only channels where I upvote before watching the video.

[@GregSalazar]

The world needs more of you.

[@nikoyochum6974]

Science Studio nah, it just shows the trust I have in you to bring me good content. Even though I knew basically everything in this video since I am computer scientist, I still enjoy seeing new and unique ways for the information to be presented.

[@nikoyochum6974]

John Smith oh no, so random (obviously fake) dude on the internet called me retarded, oh no, I am so upset, lemme just go cry in the corner and find my safe space....

[@nikoyochum6974]

John Smith lol, trust me, I know how to be critical of Science Studio, I have been in the past.

[@nikoyochum6974]

John Smith I upvote because he deserves more exposure. I only downvote if people are either complete idiots or assholes

[@kingm56]

I graduated with an Engineering degree recently, and I appreciate how you state that you only have a basic high-level grasp of concepts you're not intimately familiar. I've seen a lot of channels attempt to talk about things they don't really understand and end up looking stupid when they butcher it, all because they want to look smarter than they actually are. It's good that they are trying to learn new things and expand their knowledge, but people need to learn to acknowledge their limits better.

[@razorfx9843]

My Brain.exe has stopped working.

[@richardvanwinkle2391]

Razor FX That was original.

[@AlpacaZ]

I already knew the answer before viewing the video, I just wanted to see what your answer was. I'm impressed, it was very well explained.

[@rambow70]

Best video on this channel I have seen. Most reviewers will say "it is because they have to run all these games or content creation cites" or something dumb like that.

[@Verellic]

Props to you for doing things that other tech youtubers dont, this was extremely interesting and I learned a lot from it. Keep it up!

[@moves3297]

I don't know what switch flipped in your head but the last 2 months you've completely changed the quality format an attitude of your Channel I find myself watching all of your videos now where before I found myself clicking off 1 min in great turn around keep up the good work

[@drmanhat4483]

1:13... that animation is hypnotic.

[@TheMuffinMan73]

I really love hearing you describe technical concepts like this. It's incredibly interesting. Can't wait for the next video.

[@Wowzersdude-k5c]

I would like to add to Gregg's explanation. All of the heat inside a CPU is a result of something called Joule heating. Heat is simply kinetic energy (indeed all forms of energy are either kinetic or potential). Since electrons have rest mass and since they are what is traveling through the circuits, they bump into the atoms of the wire creating a sort of kinetic turbulence. This is what heat is at the most fundamental level. Whether it be in an electrical circuit, your car engine, or when you rub your hands together, heat is generated from this principle. In other words, heat IS motion whether it be at the sub-atomic level up to the size of galaxies. Now I think an explanation of temperature and heat is in order because this is something lots of non-scientists or engineers have a hard time understanding. Heat is not temperature, they are related, but not the same. A good example of what I mean is the following question: Which is hotter -- an iceberg in the north Atlantic or your CPU running Prime95? If you answered your CPU, you are WRONG. The iceberg is hotter but it has a lower temperature. Why? Because heat is essentially energy and energy is related to mass (Remember Einstein's E=MC^2). Since the iceberg is so much larger, it has more total energy (more molecules moving around creating heat). However, it is much lower in temperature. It turns out that temperature is the AVERAGE heat in a system, not an absolute measurement of total energy. So if you put a thermometer probe anywhere on the iceberg it will be somewhere around freezing or below, but it does contain far more heat in total than a CPU at 70°C. I mention this because I see this confusion arise A LOT on computer enthusiast forums when it comes to radiators and cooling. Most people don't get it. Now, all regular matter (except superconductive materials) has electrical resistance. It just so happens that highly conductive materials like metals have a low resistivity while insulators like rubber or glass have a very high resistivity (this is what defines them as conductors or insulators or semi-conductors). The problem we have with heat in electrical circuits is a result of the fact that the stuff the circuits are made of has this inherent resistance. This fact is probably known by most people reading this, so this is nothing that insightful. However, there is another effect I would like to mention that's related but probably not as well known by average enthusiasts. When metals experience a rise in temperature (even if there's no electrical current), the resistance also rises, which means the metal is less conductive than it was. This is called the temperature coefficient of resistance and electrical engineers are very familiar with the principle. (In fact, this is how some thermometers work -- they read the resistance of a metal (or ceramic) element and calculate the temperature based on this resistance change. Indeed the thermometers on our CPU die themselves work this way). What this means is that since the resistance has risen due to heat, you need more current to overcome that resistance. More current means more kinetic energy (heat) flowing through the wire and yet even a higher temperature. And the higher temperature means yet another rise in electrical resistance. You see where this is going. It's a vicious cycle. If you are doing extreme cooling like liquid nitrogen, you can counter-act this resistance rise (with such cooling you are actually making the metals more conductive in the circuit), but ultimately your clock speeds will be limited to inherent circuit design and limitations irrespective of heat. There is a solution to this problem, though. It's called super-conductivity. The problem with superconductivity as we know it today is that we haven't identified any materials that can superconduct at room temperatures (or anywhere close). These materials we have now need to be in environments at WAY below 0°C. However, this doesn't mean advances wont be made and that someday we may identify a material that can superconduct at room temperature (or higher). Nobel prizes have been handed out in past decades to scientists identifying materials that increase the superconducting temperature by a few degrees (when thought impossible) so there is no law of physics that says it is impossible. This is a major problem in condensed matter physics and lots of research is going into it. If a material is identified (and it is cheap enough), it will revolutionize technology like we haven't seen since the invention of the transistor itself. It will allow for SUPER efficient microchips (that use milliwatts instead of hundreds of watts). Chips have already been made in labs that run at 6 Ghz and use a few milliwatts of power. The problem is you need elaborate sub-zero cooling to make them work at all (the cooling isn't to fight heat, but to make the material itself superconductive).

[@ramrod126]

Even though I know this sort of thing you are rapidly becoming one of my favorite youtube channels.

[@GregSalazar]

I appreciate it!

[@cumfykozseynetwork7155]

probably my favorite tech tuber because this dude really knows his shit. Im really surprised that he doesn't have way more subs. keep up the great work

[@GregSalazar]

I appreciate it!

[@goudatakeshi1228]

you have no idea how much i love watching videos that i dont even understand

[@XofulMaster]

nice video and what i really like and would like you to keep doing is visualizing things (video material/pictures) you always have the perfect amount of you talking and side material in your videos Keep it up :D

[@rasheedshaaban8104]

I think that my cpu should wear a bikini, because it always gets hot.

[@gmvq3059]

احلف

[@RMosher11]

"Watching this on a computer or a phone." Dude, I'm watching this on a cucumber.

[@strin6w1z4rd6]

this is why i subscribed... in depth points on a topic, creative (sort of) visuals when explaining, etc... keep it up my good man!

[@ajk9420]

5:09 you went out of this world to get this footage. Such dedication

[@20teamplayer]

Can you do a follow up video on how processors work? Mainly, how does the processor properly route data inside itself if it can't think?

[@potatopalooza6537]

you deserve alot more subs and views favorite channel on yt rn

[@jlvalle87]

Earned a new sub, they say it takes a brilliant mind to simplify a complicated thing, and this video proves that.

[@abowers]

Greg your videos are very great for the amount of subscribers you have. You will get big soon.

This channel is getting more and more interesting with every video! great Job!

[@raonibandeira289]

Man I really like your channel, currently my favourite on KZbin. You mentioned you were gonna take a break from rigs and reviews and stuff (or something like that). I hope you do more crash courses like this. Very informative and easy to understand, even for non-computer buffs such as I. Salutations all the way from Brazil.

[@Pr0Fr0]

That was a very cool video! Im a Civil Engineering major so I have pretty much 0 background in these topics besides the basics. The way you portray the information is very easy to understand, thanks for the great content! I'd like to see more!

[@amongusmeegoose]

By far my favourite KZbinr, by far the best quality on KZbin. Keep it up!

[@NachoChurro]

Hey this is pretty neat! I always wondered about what takes place in a CPU that makes it so hot. Thanks for using you time to make this video!

[@tylerbrowning1414]

You're quickly becoming one of my favorite youtubers, you're extremely unbiased and you have such a great way of explaining things, really happy I am a subscriber

[@radek9616]

Your channel is keeping on getting better and please keep on doing this series, it's great.

[@muhamadnurarifmj]

You're the kind of rapper that I've to listened every word you said. Great video!

[@awesomehayden99]

Ok that was smooth. You talked about energy and how everything gives of heat. Then you say "but you're pretty cool" XD

[@SlemonyGas]

As someone studying thermodynamics, I felt right at home. Great video and a really unique channel.

[@GregSalazar]

Thanks for watching!

[@ToniML200]

I was watching your videos for 2 months, but never subscribed to you. Well, this video made me subscribe.

[@benjaminstone1021]

you need more subs man, your vids are great and very informative

[@TheJupiteL]

I thought Isubscribed only for new product videos, I was wrong. These are very informative, and I love it!

[@JonathanS89]

These kinds of videos are great, thanks for the upload

[@The_MrPhysics]

my i7700 hq was at 94°C while video rendering ...😂.... Grilling meat here I come

[@Phenom98]

Laptops like to commit suicide

[@raffaelelagattolla6955]

Such a good channel. Seriously. You may not have the numbers of Jay/Joker/Kyle but your content sure as hell is as good as theirs.

[@GregSalazar]

I appreciate the kind words!

[@MisterMuffin_]

I reckon he pumps out better and more enjoyable content than any of the 3 people you mentioned tbh.

[@raffaelelagattolla6955]

+Science Studio Woo, reply! No probs though, was 100% genuine.

[@rednafi]

You have the courage and knowledge to venture into the fundamental topics about what is going on inside a cpu,gpu or whatsoever.Since you are majoring in Computer Engineering ,may be thats why you explain this like a boss.Huge thanks from Asia

[@SnowfeetUS]

This channel keeps getting cooler. Or hotter, depending on how you look at it.

[@halcyondaystunes]

Just found your channel, love it and love this video, thumbs up.....off to start watching the rest and fry my brain some more.

[@eliadbu]

some thing about quantum tunneling it's effect that explains why subatomic particles can pass barriers they are not supposed to in this case electrons passing insulating barriers in transistors and it's cause an effect called leakage. and a bit explanation about it, the effect is statistical that means you can't determine which and when electron will pass the barrier but you can determine the odds for it, and the odds increase as you shrink things down. in matter of fact this phenomenon can be applied to our daily world but the odds are so slim it literately impossible to happen. bit further explanation to the phenomenon can be explained with the wave-particle concept.

[@hassanjamil1099]

Woah dude your channel is growing so fast, like maybe a week or 2 ago you had like 60-65k subs and now you have over 70k

[@Cardnull_]

Man keep these crash course videos coming. They are unique in this genre on KZbin. Plenty of more popular channels (LTT, NCIX, etc) explain some more advanced concepts but not as much from the engineering/computer science side and are more IT technician level. This makes these crash courses thoroughly enjoyable as they strike at familiar concepts but from a new perspective.

[@GregSalazar]

I appreciate the feedback!

[@kcvriess]

You, my good sir, have an extra subscriber. Excellent content, explained in an excellent (quick) way! Keep at it :)

[@james2042]

PLEASE CONTINUE THIS SERIES, this needs to be a thing.

[@dkf2711]

I like that you talk fast. That's one of the main reasons for me to watch your videos instead of the other hundreds of similar topics. I watch all my other favourite channels on x1.25 or x1.5 speed and thank KZbin for integrating that option! :D Except Techquickie. I watch it on x1 speed and even sometimes rewind. Linus has some mad rap and freestyle skills :D

[@RussellKasem]

I hate getting about life, but you're channel is pretty great! Also, as an EE, I enjoy the slightly more micro approach you have. Cheers! I subscribed!

[@GregSalazar]

Welcome aboard!

[@jiyad6590]

I really like your content. Your topics are very relevant to current topics and also in the world of technology. :)

[@thesral96]

Wow, i just found your channel and it seems that i finally get answers to all my questions i had about computers. Just a little annoying that i have to watch many parts of the video twice since i'm swiss and my english isn't perfect. Usually i don't have a problem with fast english, but together with many new terms it's quite hard... Anyway, thank you for doing this!

[@GregSalazar]

Thanks for watching!

[@ruhtraeel]

SUPER happy quantum tunneling was addressed, as we are approaching that size VERY fast. As a computer science graduate, I always appreciated the logic and structure/execition of a CPU, but I've always wanted to know more about the physical characteristics of it. This EE crash course was really well done and touched on a lot of things I was wondering about.

[@myugenjin]

Are we really? i thought we had at least another 20 years

[@ruhtraeel]

Quantum tunneling IIRC happens at around 6nm. We've already shrunk from 32nm to 14nm in 5 years.

[@TheAfricanOaks]

As always informative!

[@MattyT181]

Brilliant coverage. Informative and thorough as usual. Thanks Greg.

[@alkiou3613]

Your best video so far. Keep up with the science-engineering videos.

[@macdilen2009]

You are really making some quality videos... Awesome man keep up the good work

[@Wizardofdoom2]

"welcome to crash course" did you just say that our are you going to make this a, series? You really should!

[@ptilrem]

All those "transistors" in that grid early in the video. My brain... Hypnotoad would be proud.

[@kevincordero6835]

I've just subscribed. Dude these videos are freaking amazing thank you.

[@GregSalazar]

I appreciate it!

[@BW-yu7qx]

Great video I love the science part other channels just don't go into that much detail but the details matter

[@playingwithtrainerspcmt6407]

Best computer component KZbinr on KZbin besides I want even name his name just a quick Tech tip

[@InsightHomewood]

Having worked in power electronics I learned that at the off state and the on state of a transistor have simple restive losses (IR). during the change from on to off to on, however the transistor has switching losses. this why clock speed has such a heat curve. the sum of switching losses exceeds the restive losses

[@dukdo7790]

70k Subscribers already! Congrats!

[@STNG17-]

Why this channel only has 70k subs? You deserve more! I give you one btw :D Subscribed!

[@GregSalazar]

Welcome aboard!

[@pretikewl76]

Love these type vids. Keep 'em coming. :D

[@renski8976]

That video was fantastic. :D Some might say it's too complicated, but It was well explained.

[@alentech6091]

Hey man great videos! Keep up the great work :)

[@DolezalPetr]

This is literally better than school! Love you!

[@Levi-ji2vn]

dude you make such interesting videos I love it.

[@streetsking1]

Now your channel name makes sense... great videos keep up .

[@junitono1]

You make some really informative videos. Subbed.

[@thecitywentaway]

Hey man love the channel. just commenting on a idea for a future video you could try. Try something similar to scrapyard wars but instead of a head to head competition just document 1 full build from all used parts buying straight from craigslist and all the interactions. Think alot of people would get a kick out of that.

[@calmo6949]

Mind = Blown! Idk how long it took you to learn this (or even how much research you had to do) but either way a like from me

[@sussido900]

Me at 3AM Watching this: I like your words funny magic man!

[@zilog1]

Can you place all your "crash course" videos into a single playlist? id like to just sit down and binge all of them some time

[@mdotoum]

as a computer engineer i agree :) and true your explanation on the transistor is stupidly simple and i like it

[@WesBell55]

Greg, good video. Thanks for the crash course

[@alexanderbouraad9364]

great video, keep up the amazing work!

[@Chrissy4605]

I love your videos. They expand my knowledge beyond what I already knew!!! 8-)

[@ezforsaken]

Crash course videos are a series that defenitively needs to stay on the channel!

[@satrian]

Great video. Keep this kinda content coming.

[@derranthefunnyguy]

Could you do a crash course video on exactly how CPU's and/or GPU's work? Love the videos dude, keep it up

[@MrStarpeto]

i was waiting more science focused video , thank you Greg! it was time! Science in science studio, like the old times at the beginning, but now is tech science, i love it too !

[@GregSalazar]

Yes, exactly!

[@neotenken]

So informative, love your videos!

[@32megabytes]

Wow... 200 views after 5 minutes? Damn I wish I had your success.

[@MKyronGaming]

You have many views for a small channel like yours. You should brace yourself.

[@32megabytes]

MKyron Gaming Brace myself for what? You mean embrace myself?

[@MKyronGaming]

+32Megabytes Be happy, that's what I meant to say. English isn't my first language.

[@toot1231]

you're being a lil cry baby bitch maybe thats why you dont

[@32megabytes]

MKyron Gaming Yeah I see by your channel is in another language. Embrace = To support Brace = To prepare for a bad situation Embrace yourself = Be happy for yourself Brace yourself = Prepare yourself Your English is pretty good though so I wouldn't worry about it.

[@fruitcake232]

With this kind of awesome content, I'll be surprised if you don't become the most subbed channel of this type within a few years. Really great stuff!

[@pappi8338]

All of this scratches the surface of the Heat-Death Theory

[@vinniscarboni4095]

Working on the heat fix ...good talk.😎

[@t2631236]

FINALY... SOMETHING RELATED TO SCIENCE... NOW I'M HAPPY I SUBSCRIBER UR CHANNEL... :)

[@Jbayz]

I'm really dumb and can't follow any of this, but I still like watching.

[@thomasschwarzinger7757]

just subscribed.... everyday such a professional video ...i dont want to miss

[@GregSalazar]

Welcome aboard!

[@MurtazaSamma]

Man, this and this video alone IF people just watch. They can learn so much about what CPUs/GPUs actually do besides taking you to GoogleLand and playing your latest and greatest games. Good on ya mate. Cheers.

[@GregSalazar]

Thanks for watching. Cheers.

[@billoddy5637]

2:34 Where the hell do you get all these figures for transistor counts? I can't find them anywhere else?

[@jeffrenman4146]

I might want to compliment you.. Hee hee… Whoever you are you are really really really cool ! even if I didn't understand much if anything just seeing you was quite amazing. The way you talked was so nice. This video has been around for a while but I just found it… Really nicely done