Why Haven't You Heard Of One Of History's Greatest Geniuses?

[@CamMackay96]

As a university level mathematician myself, I have to emphasise just how insanely genius you need to be in order to not only understand high level pure maths but be making breakthroughs in the fields, all without any formal education or access to mathematical textbooks. Its almost more impressive than anyone else because he did everything solely based on his own brainpower.

[@savannahmasters634]

It's very sad he died so young. I can't imagine what he would have accomplished if he had lived 20 or 30 years longer

[@HypnosisBear]

@@savannahmasters634 yeah agreed. I hate it when people with great potential die at young age.

[@furanduron4926]

We have lost countless geniuses in different fields that we have never even heard of.

[@OzixiThrill]

Personally, I'm willing to assert the opposite. He wasn't such a genius when it came to mathematics despite his lack of formal education, but because of it.

[@socialkiter8067]

I'm genius at being broke. Maybe it's Time to recognize me.

[@creedbratton4950]

A point to note here is that there were many theorems that were already discovered by the mathematicians of that time. But Ramanujan didn't get them from anywhere rather he discovered them all on his own which many different mathematicians discovered over a period of time.

[@johnwade7842]

Either way, it is impressive nonetheless when you consider his background

[@creedbratton4950]

@@johnwade7842 you didn't understand what i said

[@dadav121]

That's fascinating..... Hundreds of mathematicians spent their lifetimes to discover an equation which he discovered on his own till the age of 23.... Once he told Dr. Hardy that equations just appear before him in the state of meditation..... It's like Universe was speaking to him in its purest language i.e. Mathematics.

[@johnwade7842]

@@creedbratton4950 Ah sorry If I misunderstood. But What I was thinking you meant by the comment was that it was impressive that he discovered concepts and equations that were discovered by a multitude of other methanations without even having much support material. I was trying to support the statement that it was impressive. It might not have come across that way though.

[@sahir3733]

Dense

[@Styxswimmer]

I studied this man in high school (I'm 40 now). I taught myself algebra, calculus, matrix analysis, quantum mechanics and elementary particle physics, but the moment I started studying this man's work, I was completely stumped. I had no idea what I was looking at. Ramanujan was centuries ahead of his time.

[@stevenwilson5556]

Comparable to DaVinci and Archimedes.

[@rahulsharma-ht7ut]

Once an interviewer asked to gh hardy how would u rate urself,einstien,ramanujan out of 100,this is the real answer hardy gave,i will give myself 37/100,einstien 66/100 nd ramanujan 97/100. Ramanujan's than written theories r helping scientists now in the study of black holes,ramanujan said godess saraswasti comes in my dreams nd gives me all these equations,nd infact many scientists hav speculated there is a dimension greater than ours where all the mystries of universe r answered,its often called as akashic records(akash in hindi means sky),if we consider einstein as principal of best school of knowledge in the world thn ramanujan would be the head of the board of education of the world,we indians were never good at marketing our things,thts y evrything got stolen from here by westrn countries nd sold by labeling there names,from surgery to invention of 0,from shampos to agriculture to drainage systms nd what not,we indians had knowledge of the motions of planets nd stars 1000s of years before any westrn scientists,nd there r proofs of this in our culture,traditions,engravings on our temples,the invention of atom bomb was inspired from geeta,hindus holy book,there is an interview by eisenhower giving credit of his invention to our geeta,mark zuckerburg,steve jobs came to a temple in the north of india during there worst days,nd followed the path tht poojari(priest)suggested thm,just search gadhchiroli baba nd steve jobs or zuckerberg story,u will undrstand,we r the worlds oldest surviving civilization,we know alot of things tht world dont,from past 1200 years we were ruled by some shitty people who just looted our country,1st there were mughals,thy broke our temples,killed our people,converted thm to islam,thn britishers came,india financed ww1 nd ww2 for the britishers,if u want to know more about tht,just search shashi tharoor oxford speech on what britishers took from india,but now finally we got a leader like modiji,who is not only motivating us but also reminding us of glories nd achivmnts of hinduism in the past,thts y now a days u see all this things about india is coming out nd everybody is surprised by this,india is not developing,it is reglcapturing what had been looted from us in the name of secularism.

[@Styxswimmer]

@@rahulsharma-ht7ut he also gave David Hilbert, a mathematical genius, an 80/100. I read about that. Ramanujan was truly special

[@surgeonsergio6839]

@@rahulsharma-ht7ut Wow, what a load of bs. Gods aren't real kid.

[@gsreads]

@@rahulsharma-ht7ut Mr.Sharma let's focus on the present and future now. Our country more embroiled in hate and discriminative culture. Why not people like us contribute more to science and tech for the future. Also government should invest more in all that. I don't care about what the British stole anymore. We're richer given the state we are in right now. Yet we the people choose not to maintain it.

[@theghostofuchiha1496]

S. Ramanujan was a mad genius. We, in India, were taught about him through textbooks and what nots. You'll always find his face in museums and science fairs. Man revolutionised maths.

[@nileshseban1335]

Please don't call him mad

[@chai7600]

@@nileshseban1335 ?

[@Revealed2705]

@@nileshseban1335 yeah

[@Revealed2705]

@@nileshseban1335 he shouldn't

[@milonmitra3584]

You are mad to call him mad.

[@SilencedButNotForgotten]

Hardy was a genius himself. One of the greatest of his generation. He helped Ramanujan throughout the years with great success. Their joint works are incredible. But even he himself admitted that there is a high possibility that Ramanujan could have become the greatest mathematician of his generation, and that his achievements during his short life already qualified him as one of the greatest. He also said that when all his works will be finally analyzed, his true genius will seem even greater than they did that day. He was right.

[@samindaperamuna6392]

They both were a part of the plan. They were made for each other.

[@eyeofbraille4659]

"Rating pure mathematical talent on a scale from 0-100, Hardy gave himself a 25, Littlewood 30, David Hilbert 80, and Ramanujan 100, that is - the greatest possible genius." - From Futility Closet's episode on Ramanujan. I take a bit of an issue with this video's attitude towards Britain; Hardy and others like Littlewood were extremely encouraging towards Ramanujan, and he was treated seriously and with respect by the academic institutions, much more so than he ever was in India. His story is actually a very positive example to highlight that British colonialism is not the monolithic evil that some people today try to make it out to be.

[@debasishghoshsays]

@@eyeofbraille4659 harassing household women in India is not one should be proud of ig

[@eyeofbraille4659]

@@debasishghoshsays I didn't say it was; It's a just a more nuanced subject than some people today seem to think. There were bad things and good things, and Britain's treatment of Ramanujan was definitely one of the good things.

[@yoursenpai1274]

@@eyeofbraille4659 that’s probably the only good thing.

[@devamjani8041]

There is a large misconception regarding Ramanujan that he was not able to prove his own theorems, which is very far from truth ofcourse, he proved most of his own results and latter in his life when he was sick , he noted down only the final results in his notebook and did the proof work in his slate, for those who don't know what a slate is, it's a mini chalk board, with a mini chalk and a peace of cloth that works as a duster. Slates were really popular in India at that time and you can find them still today in rural parts of India, the reason he didn't note down the proofs but only the final results was because papers were really expensive at that time and so as to note down the most of his work in as little space as possible, he only noted down the final results in his paper notebook and did the proofs in his slate.

[@martinpaddle]

finally a sober comment in this section :)

[@shammohansood3112]

At 9:04 the map of India isn't correct and complete and i am shocked many of Indian wouldn't ask you to correct this but watch your video and write comments for else shame to them for this i disleked this video and the patriot my fellow Indians to do so for our country

[@richardswaby6339]

​@@shammohansood3112 You disliked a video of what seems to be the greatest Mathematician of all time - an indian Mathematician - because of a fault in a map by the presenter! Are you kidding me?

[@KabirSoni78]

@@shammohansood3112 that map is of pre independence India as the year suggested.the map is correct for the time period mentioned.don’t be a snowflake and start spreading hate,life is too short to get offended in these little things,take a step back and enjoy the beautiful things life has to offer

[@totallynotai7131]

@@KabirSoni78 That is not pre independence india, that is India without Khasmir. A disputed territory of india and pakistan, they fought quite a few wars over that land. Yes, he is just a dumb nationalist but you should your facts straight

[@medipeace307]

The Mock Theta Functions which is used to explain Black Holes was proved 92 years after his death . Just goes to show how far ahead of his time he was .

[@user-ff1ws1sf2u]

Maybe that's just the first time someone actually paid attention to those specific equations, rather than being an indicator of how much time was put into trying to prove that equation.

[@martinpaddle]

@@user-ff1ws1sf2u true, and there are a lot of mathematical tools used to study black holes, much of them developed long before Ramanujan and thousands of mathematicians contributed to them. If one had to single out one of them, it would have to be Riemann. The connection of Ramanujan to black holes is blown way out of proportion, but it fuels the imagination.

[@thecsucihai]

It is like he created battery but had nothing to use it on...back in the drawer it goes. Let the next generation figure it out.

[@silverhawkscape2677]

@@thecsucihai That a Lot of Inventions. Heck, Electric Cars existed 100 years ago but gasoline was better at the time due to technology limitations.

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@AA-fn9xz]

Ramanujan was most likely the most incredibly gifted mathematician to have ever lived. To be able to accomplish what he did with the resources and education that he had is nigh unfathomable.

[@nickacelvn]

Well said.

[@viralit8685]

No one is gifted it's result of hardwork

[@nicopys1574]

@@viralit8685 that would be cool but it's just not true.

[@nicopys1574]

it is a result of hard work but some people are gifted

[@SK-ur9eh]

@@nicopys1574 it’s the curiosity and obsession that makes them to work hard. And not to mention they didn’t had distractions like phones which helped them better to focus.

[@arpitmandhotra]

Ramanujan's story is hand down one of the greatest such a profound genius it's quite remarkable what he did with little to no formal education

[@e_jskeg9229]

Did u notice indian map at 4:23

[@arpitmandhotra]

@@e_jskeg9229 yeah it's disputed plus it was before 1947 He doesn't wanna take risk

[@e_jskeg9229]

@@arpitmandhotra before 1947 than where was pakistan and Bangladesh?

[@e_jskeg9229]

@@arpitmandhotra according to me it's not about risk it's about India not supporting to Ukraine war that's the reason Westerners are doing this

[@arpitmandhotra]

@@e_jskeg9229 I'm talking about his birth and it isn't like he does it internationally every other company does this

[@hansulrichjohner2694]

I think you described his fantastic genius the right way: missing formal education he studied the thousands of formulas until they talked to him. His brain created a language for him and only him!

[@imtiazmohammad9548]

Exactly

[@DEERCRACKERLOVER]

That's what's most of Geniuses does, being good at what they truly are

[@benjaminadler2001]

A good mathematician can see the forest through the trees. A great mathematician moves to the forest, speaks to the trees, and becomes a wizard.

[@faithlesshound5621]

So there's something to be said for just reading the books at home, and not going to lectures and doing homework for a teacher? Usually educators insist the latter is the best path to take. Einstein was a bit like that too: he stopped going to lectures and chose himself what books to study. That worked out for him, because his electricity professor did not teach Maxwell's Equations, which turned out to be the basis of Special Relativity. Ramanujan DID have formal education, but he got thrown out for not bothering (AFTER his school years) with the multiple other subjects that colleges insisted on at that time. This stymies many boys and girls who have a specific interest and don't want to spend time and effort on everything else. If we insist every child must have a broad, general, education we block the single-minded geniuses. The funny thing is that this does not apply to sports and fine arts: there are hundreds of kids spending several hours a day perfecting their tennis or football skills, or practising an instrument, but that's accepted and rewarded, and leads for a few of them to fame and fortune. This was understood at the end of the 19th century, when there was talk of the music colleges and art schools in London joining the federal University of London. The university insisted that they would have to adopt its general requirements for admission, which they realised would bar too many boys and girls who could profit from studying with them. For Ramanujan, it was fortunate that Trinity College, Cambridge (or specifically GH Hardy) was able to be more flexible in whom it chose to admit than the Indian institutions of that time.

[@archockencanto1645]

@@faithlesshound5621 Complete understanding is essential for genius to exist. But, the purpose of education institutions isn't to make geniuses, it for them to do work and have a job.

[@alexcampbell679]

"he may not of started out on top of humanities wall of knowledge, but that didn't matter S R just built his own". Beautifully put Thoughty2 beautifully put.

[@douganderson8315]

Maybe his ideas were only possible without the wall of knowledge. If he had been educated in them they might have negated the development of his thought patterns they way they came to be.

[@riteshyeddu]

@@douganderson8315 good point

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@SlimJim3082]

Not *have*.... Just saying

[@ludvigwittgenstein6469]

Hardy was asked where Ramanajun ranked in the pantheon of mathematical genius. Hardy replied "From a scale of 0 to 100, i would place myself at 20, Whitehead at 30, Hilbert at 80, and Ramanajun at 100." Such was the monumental scale of his genius. Had he lived to old age, there is no doubt he would be remembered as the most gifted mathematician to ever live. Im not being hyperbolic. He was truly one of a kind!

[@escalocity]

Ramanujan frequently said, "An equation for me has no meaning, unless it represents a thought of God."-and he wasn't kidding. Like ancient Indian mathematicians, Ramanujan only noted the results and summaries of his works; no proof was worked out for the formulae he came up with. He straightaway credited his work to the divine providence of Mahalakshmi of Namakkal, a family goddess whom he looked to for inspiration. The mathematician said that he dreamed of the Goddess' male consort Narasimha, who is denoted by droplets of blood, after which, scrolls of complex mathematical work unfolded in front of his eyes.

[@jacksparrow8589]

he got his knowledge not out of nowhere its from the akashic records !!! look it up its no joke guys

[@TheContrariann]

Fascinating ! Thanks for the information guys !

[@InYourDreams-Andia]

Wow! He was inspired by higher powers, with spiritual intelligence as a priority for guidance. Of course! Makes total sense.

[@InYourDreams-Andia]

@R A spritual intelligence :) sadly, these days only a feature in a select few, when really, we all need to to be more spiritual. I'm not religious, but I am a spritual person, in that there is awe and wonder in the macro universe that is us.. because we observe it.

[@InYourDreams-Andia]

@R A taliking of limescale, there's new tech to sequester carbon from sea water.. As in nature but faster.. A stainless drum is electrified where sea water is passed through, capturing huge amounts of carbon which forms the mineral, which is returned to the sea and hence locked.. desalination is a happy byproduct. The ammonia in the process still needs attention, the worst greenhouse gas imaginable. We seem to be on a similar wave length, perhaps you'd like to listen to the podcast show I co-host, where we talk about these matters, amongst others.. Neoborn and Andia Human Show (NAAHS)

[@krishnanunnimadathil8142]

Perhaps one less appreciated aspect of Ramanujan’s ascent, or realisation of his capabilities, is the spare time he found to devote to his itch. He was not a Maths degree holder; he was a clerk at a port authority. People forget; he did math in his spare time, for fun; as a release. Maybe one takeaway from Ramanujan’s story is the importance of hobbies and free, unrestricted thinking, in any field really. They say the first logarithmic tables too were an outcome of a quirky hobby.

[@Jiji_here_431]

Extremely well said!

[@stylembonkers1094]

Bludgy government jobs.

[@UPAKHOSALA]

Absolutely right, u have really grasped the true meaning of RAMANUJAN'S LIFE. There was no hurry or compulsion to score very high marks to obtain scholarship or admission in an Prestigious University, this shows we all should chase our passion , we all r genius but the British Created an education system to make slaves, we make win the race of life but still remain unhappy and be a 🐀 🐁

[@krishnanunnimadathil8142]

@@UPAKHOSALA What? No. Don’t forget that it was Ramanujan who approached Professor Hardy at Cambridge with his results and not the other way round. Please don’t misinterpret what is being written by me. The British system of modern education ensured people like Ramanujan got the opportunity they did. Don’t bite the hand that feeds you and stop blaming the British for everything.

[@jgunther3398]

much of the progress in computer science has had roots in computer games

[@mlynskey2]

I wonder if his lack of formal education in mathematics actually helped him make discoveries which were made down paths that formal education would steer you away from - as in he could see things in a different way to most other mathematicians that had been trained a certain way

[@rizwanssyed]

That is what I also am wondering.

[@supreethmv]

True that, but just imagine a pure enthusiast taking a book which was just a catalog of important results and making breakthroughs in Mathematics. Blows my mind. Being a researcher in math, I see the 6 millennial unsolved problems in math and wonder, even a high school math student seeing those problems the first time could make suggest an approach which eventually would be the solution.

[@__Hmmmmmmmm__]

@@supreethmv human creativity and ingenuity is terrifying, and someone like Srinivasa Ramanujan was the very embodiment of that imo. Unbound by the conventions of academia early on probably did aid his growth and later works.

[@aadesh7]

100%

[@antonemilit2178]

That route didn't work for me...

[@sunnythegreat9617]

It's almost as if the Universe didn't want him to uncover all it's secrets, so he was taken from us at such an early age. I only imagine what people like him can discover/invent if they had a longer lifespan.

[@nuggetz9380]

y😮

[@wileyoptimistic7820]

Yeah, no it was not the universe, it was very much the monarchy, yes, the one everyone wept for recently who was directly responsible for his and a few million deaths in their colonies. (Sry for the dark turn, no hard feelings)

[@quotedalpha9386]

Rest In Peace 🙏

[@brtuh5865]

@@wileyoptimistic7820 few million is a huge understatement but i agree with the rest

[@connormalley5075]

What if he was born with access to a computer? UUnder better circumstances, he would be regarded alongside the likes of Einstein

[@sn-cp2ft]

Just a comment: The photograph at 12:17 is not of Srinivasa Ramanujan. It is another famous living Indian mathematician, S. R. S. Varadhan, a winner of the Abel Prize, and currently a faculty at the Courant Institute, NYU.

[@ameydamle1892]

Even the photo he showed as map of India is not the map of India

[@Allinone-gw2sw]

@@ameydamle1892 right jammu and Kashmir and ladakh are not in map

[@DipakKumar-ey9ix]

@@Allinone-gw2sw the map he is referring is that during the 1900s , and at that time Bangladesh was also the part of bharat , so yeah ...that should also have been there

[@RomitTanejaRoMans]

​@@ameydamle1892It actually is India, British India included Pakistan and Bangladesh which got separated after independence 🥲

[@satrmleo]

@@DipakKumar-ey9ix WTF is bharat?

[@sohomchandrachandra8446]

Hardy was a man of culture too. Instead of stealing the fruits of labour like any other British people then he supported and guided him

[@soham4741]

He couldnt have stolen them, if only ramanujan had the know how to prove them

[@shammohansood3112]

At 4:20 and 9:04 the map of India isn't correct and complete and i am shocked many of Indian wouldn't ask you to correct this but watch your video and write comments for else shame to them for this i disleked this video and the patriot my fellow Indians to do so for our country

[@dvlx8453]

@@shammohansood3112 it's from 1800s of course it looked different

[@user-hq8wm8giyujcg]

west stealing indian work is an ancient thing, even spielberg stole the idea of et from satyajit ray

[@waltersike]

@@dvlx8453 then why not Pakistan and Bangladesh included?

[@fahmiluthfi7991]

People nowadays used the word "Genius" to lightly, and we lost a way to describe in simple term how to address people like Ramanujan. Outlier like him is so far and few among billions of people, not every smart or bright person, should get call genius, "Hard working" maybe, "talented" sure, but when you hear stories of people like Ramanujan and their impact to the betterment of science and humanity in general, that is the time to use the term "Genius".

[@Stayfocused99]

Super genious.

[@RGC_animation]

Yeah, people these days use genius way to lightly as to call CEO of companies geniuses.

[@tjaybautista]

but it takes one to fix my macbook

[@akshar8160]

@Fahmi Luthfi, I completely agree on this.

[@manojkumara6718]

Totally agree, we have got so used to casually using superlatives that now we have run out of words for real outliers.

[@adebayoezekiel9557]

honestly, i am actually crying right now, imagining the pain he would have gone through, not because of his sickness but because of his unfulfilled works. kudos to the great Man

[@bishalnath24]

Me too ! I wish i could give my life time to him.

[@vgb_here]

I think most scientists go through this at some point in life. They sacrifice so much for science and our system really does not value them as they deserve.

[@BoopSnootAndTroubleshoot]

Schools tend to teach us how to do something "the right way", even when the "right way" is just one way to solve things. S.R managed to see math from his own perspective, and that's the magic trick we will never understand.

[@SIAMEInekeidijdnen]

Well said!

[@antondelacruz9362]

Schools teach you the most common or popular or most well known ways of doing things because it allows you to communicate with the world. If they taught you baae 6 math you would have difficulty buying things because you wouldnt understand how to read prices. If they taught you the japanese view of world history you wouldnt understand why america attacked japan in ww2. When you hear the term 'those who forget history are doomed to repeat it,' remember that the saying applies to all subjects. Sure, you can invent your own math and do things your way.... if youre a once-in-a-lifetime genius. But most of us arent. We dont have enough life in us to rebuild everything from the ground up. And even if we did, most of our discoveries would just be redundant rediscoveries that had already been made by others.

[@Vires-in-Adversis]

@@antondelacruz9362 And yet, he still managed to do all you said and be 100 years ahead of his time. Quite remarkable.

[@antondelacruz9362]

@@Vires-in-Adversis yes, thats why i didnt say anything about him at all, but explained why schools teach im the way that they do. His success is an example of rare genius, not an indictment of how schools teach.

[@Vires-in-Adversis]

@@antondelacruz9362 Yup, I was agreeing with you, 🙂

[@LetsbeHonestOfficial]

Movie: The Man Who Knew Infiniy (2015) A great movie about this man. It also helps that the actors include the likes of; Dev Patel, and Jeremy Irons. Highly recommended.

[@janina8559]

Thank You so much I knew there was a movie and couldn’t remember the name of it!

[@aadamtx]

Enjoyable movie with a great cast! Based on the book of the same name.

[@PaulsPubAndBrew]

came in to the comments just to post this exact sentiment. Great movie

[@Big_Tex]

Forget the movie read the book.

[@Biosynchro]

It was a mediocre film but the subject matter, and the characters, kept me hooked.

[@q3aryoko]

I first came across Ramanujan's story in a physics book by Michio Kaku back in the 90s. I was dumbfounded by his story and how utterly talented he was in Math. Later i tried to study his Modular Functions..and as Hardy once said about him..it "defeated me completely".

[@interstellarhyperdrive7931]

I’m reading it right now and that’s what made me watch this video!

[@mrijonny2185]

oops 🙊😬 Andrewoidrewo it was told by my own get to see it happens oooi to get to go with a friend who was in my mind to toilet and sink is not a lot to be in a while

[@l.h.308]

Sad to think of how much more he could have created if had lived until 70 or 80... Like with Niels Henrik Abel, who died at 27 only, and Mozart (35), with his more than 600 works. Another 600 Mozart masterpieces... what a dream!

[@rahulsharma-ht7ut]

Once an interviewer asked to gh hardy how would u rate urself,einstien,ramanujan out of 100,this is the real answer hardy gave,i will give myself 37/100,einstien 66/100 nd ramanujan 97/100. Ramanujan's than written theories r helping scientists now in the study of black holes,ramanujan said godess saraswasti comes in my dreams nd gives me all these equations,nd infact many scientists hav speculated there is a dimension greater than ours where all the mystries of universe r answered,its often called as akashic records(akash in hindi means sky),if we consider einstein as principal of best school of knowledge in the world thn ramanujan would be the head of the board of education of the world,we indians were never good at marketing our things,thts y evrything got stolen from here by westrn countries nd sold by labeling there names,from surgery to invention of 0,from shampos to agriculture to drainage systms nd what not,we indians had knowledge of the motions of planets nd stars 1000s of years before any westrn scientists,nd there r proofs of this in our culture,traditions,engravings on our temples,the invention of atom bomb was inspired from geeta,hindus holy book,there is an interview by eisenhower giving credit of his invention to our geeta,mark zuckerburg,steve jobs came to a temple in the north of india during there worst days,nd followed the path tht poojari(priest)suggested thm,just search gadhchiroli baba nd steve jobs or zuckerberg story,u will undrstand,we r the worlds oldest surviving civilization,we know alot of things tht world dont,from past 1200 years we were ruled by some shitty people who just looted our country,1st there were mughals,thy broke our temples,killed our people,converted thm to islam,thn britishers came,india financed ww1 nd ww2 for the britishers,if u want to know more about tht,just search shashi tharoor oxford speech on what britishers took from india,but now finally we got a leader like modiji,who is not only motivating us but also reminding us of glories nd achivmnts of hinduism in the past,thts y now a days u see all this things about india is coming out nd everybody is surprised by this,india is not developing,it is reglcapturing what had been looted from us in the name of secularism.

[@Assbeaterniggachad]

@@rahulsharma-ht7ut You're literally spamming the same stuff everywhere

[@brandonfleischhacker2799]

I feel his lack of formal education is the reason he was able to develop so fast and go so far. The lack of preconceptions of how it should work let him explore to find his own way.

[@nickacelvn]

A worthy comment.

[@TheAstroG]

Exactly.

[@razin275]

That's even more awesome

[@prosperitystar]

Which would keep him out of mathematical Plato's cave

[@TheAstroG]

@@prosperitystar What is Plato's cave? Can you explain?

[@MeadowClary]

I don’t know why, but for some reason I find this story incredibly moving. Perhaps because it makes me wonder how many other geniuses (in all fields, not just maths) are out there now living in poverty; unrecognised, unflourishing, their fruits or potential gifts lost to us. And how many other geniuses have been lost to us in the past... That being said - considering the stultifying nature of many standard school curricula across the world, perhaps lack of conventional schooling itself was a reason for his genius. Maybe a conventional education would have broken or shackled him. Which is also an indictment of our current system.

[@flammulinavelutipes4517]

That is an interesting thought that I myself have entertained, and Hardy himself wrote an essay on Ramanujan after his death wondering if Ramanujan would definitely have been served better by having a more formal, traditional and cushioned upbringing and education. He reached a different conclusion than ours and after reading his essay, I feel the same.

[@cryonim]

Don't look at the school system from a single kid's perspective, look at it from a world perspective. I've always said, school system 'cuts the peaks and uplifts the lows', the 1% genius' that could grow without school get reduced, but on the other hand, the rest of the population of kids who could grow without even being decent at calculus shrink as well. Is it the best tradeoff ? Idk, but I'd say 5 normal horses at the cost of 1 race horse seems like a better deal to me.

[@cryonim]

I just hope people do a little bit of study on the topic of 'education system' before taking inspiration from people like Ramanujan. He was a Genius, with a capital G. But only 1 out of all humanity. If you pick up any random person from just 50 yrs ago and compare his overall knowledge with respect to the respective time period's peak knowledge available to the public, you'd easily find more people today know about and even understand cutting edge academic papers and also are vastly more knowledgable in general. This isn't completely due to media being more accessible, but also because they have been bootstrapped with a lot of knowledge from the school/education system that may seem completely superfluous to the learner but brings their intellects up. Someone like Ramanujan might be mudded in the process but that's the tradeoff. Removing school system or not letting your kids go to school may have 1% chance of them being a genius at a specific field but it has 99% chance of them growing up into complete idiots.

[@sheetalmishra7549]

You should also read about Aryabhatta, Bhaskaracharya

[@hellovicki6779]

@@cryonim Thank you for your comment. People can be quick to critique systems, such as public, standardised education. You rightly highlight the value widespread access to education provides humanity. Surely it is better to protect such systems and if the few geniuses are not catered for then do so. Simply writing off education because it does not foster to rare few is like throwing the baby out with the bath water.

[@Honkiavelli]

My thesis was on Srinivasa Ramanujan's mathematics behind quantifying the human genome. There was a skeptical acceptance to it, but then it was apparent by his complex, but uniquely "musical" formulae. that his level of thought was beyond any level of critical thinking we see today. He is beyond a doubt the greatest mind I have researched (Newton and Einstein are close seconds).

[@kolikari3813]

A tribute to the One. Aum Nama Shivaya

[@Manas2222]

Newton is definitely the greatest mind for me. He literally deviced a completely unorthodox and alien way of mathematical calculations, calculus, just to prove his theory of gravity. A true madlad indeed.

[@Honkiavelli]

@@Manas2222 I cannot disagree. Newton was a brilliant mind and a pioneer.

[@Manas2222]

@@Honkiavelli 😁🥂

[@JustAPokemonCommentingOnVideos]

@@Honkiavelli man some ppl are just built different aren't they

[@RazvanAsakura]

Instead of supporting each individual on what they're passionate about, we usually tend to force people to learn everything about everything, not taking into consideration that a brilliant innovative idea in a specific field is much better than the same mediocre work in every field.

[@panchemist]

My question to a student while teaching chemistry has always been - do you want to understand or do you want to get a passable grade - C? If students wants to get a C - "These 5 rules are the things you have to know by heart! and to a certain extent be able to apply the knowledge" If it wants to understand - "These 5 rules are the things you have to know by heart! And you must ask questions about them!"

[@PlanetaryNukeFS1]

Unfortunately, specialization has its limits. Not everyone is fortunate enough to be a genius, and the majority of those who go to college for a specialized degree and only devote themselves to studying a certain field are going to hit areas they simply cannot see vs someone whose work from a previous field starts to spill over to the current one (Specialist vs Generalist. basically). I think Ramanujan was in the right conditions for advancing in this field (No structured education that held his hand, a deep desire to learn Math, Opportunity to be creative and correct his own mistakes instead of a teacher/professor telling him to stop doing this a certain way, etc). It's not a matter of specialization, but upbringing. We can see that the "King" of Mathematics in Cambridge who was recognized as one of the elites of the subject was stumped on Ramanujan's findings, despite himself being specialized to a great extent on this one subject.

[@jenjuice432]

How are students supposed to know what they have a passion or natural gift for if they aren't exposed to variety of subject matters...? And as said, not everyone is a prodigy. The K - 12 education system is designed to provide students with a basic & uniform foundation of working knowledge, from which they can build upon into adulthood. Middle / high school is when students begin to find their niche as their personalities develop, and it becomes clear which of them are more academia bound and where their interests lay. In my high schools (I went to a couple), we had AP / IB classes which were basically college level classes that students could take and earn credits while still in HS. Most of them were 100-level classes (introduction to ____), but nonetheless they're a good opportunity to dip your toes in the water.

[@RazvanAsakura]

Generalized education is great up to a certain point. For a lot of people, high-school is a waste of time. Just ask those in public schooling. There are countries that dedicate for example those 3-4 years of time by putting young people in various specialized schools that they can opt in or out of. They get practical hands on experience, rather than sit in the same room all day writing essays about random books and debating poems. Most specialized jobs nowadays end up paying even more than a lot of post college/university grads. When you've developed a passion for carpentry since high school you'll be much more motivated due to a proper upbringing and a sense of nostalgia to outperform those that have started their education in their mid 30s because their college English major didn't "pay off".

[@johnmartin5671]

Pascal does not agree with you. And me neither.

[@howardandrews9593]

If this great man would have lived into his 60's or 70's he would of by a long shot been the greatest mathematician this world has ever seen, it was truly a natural born gift.

[@phoenixj1299]

He is already the greatest.

[@Straight_Talk]

​@@phoenixj1299Newton, Euler, Gauss, von Neumann, Perelman?

[@phoenixj1299]

@@Straight_Talk They are definitely great. No doubt.

[@juliuscaesar564]

I agree, fate has a cruel way of snatching geniuses from humanity. Not the first time it happened

[@theresaioane4324]

Nscavcwt🎉 9:51 c

[@9usuck0]

I think part of his genius was the fact that he had to translate the math himself. Figuring things out like that yourself instead of having it spoon fed to you gives you a better structure for Figuring out other stuff. But the fact he did it with advanced math is so impressive. What an amazing man.

[@faithlesshound5621]

You may have hit on something with "had to translate the math himself." These days most students in the Anglo-American world are monolingual as far as studying goes. There may be some benefit as well as hardship from having to engage with a different language and culture in an academic setting, as many advanced students have to do in most of the world. In earlier times, the Republic of Letters read and wrote in languages which no ordinary people spoke: the classical forms of Latin, Hebrew, Sanskrit and Chinese. Ramanujan's mentor at Cambridge, GH Hardy, gives a lot of credit to his own study of Camille Jordan's Cours d'Analyse de l'École Polytechnique, a copy of which he smuggled into his old school library for maths enthusiasts such as Freeman Dyson to find. Dyson himself studied a maths text in German and translated another from Russian as a schoolboy.

[@9usuck0]

@@faithlesshound5621 I mean, I only know one language, but yeah. Learning to read, write and think in another language could only help. But you have to have the capacity to do so in the first place. My comment was more on the teaching method of letting people figure out things themselves. Like in my two interests, psychology and martial arts (I'm actually a mathematical dummy) you give people a problem and let them figure out how to solve it. Like you spar a one two only and they figure out how to deal with it, or you lead your conversation in therapy so that they learn how to ask themselves the right questions. Using your own mind to figure stuff out will always impact their abilities more than just teaching them by telling them. It's like getting someone into weight lifting by always lifting half the weights for them. They will learn and get stronger, but never as much.

[@9usuck0]

@@faithlesshound5621 let me know if I explained that well. I'm really bad at typing over my phone. My grammar could also use work. Been out of school for 10 years in a career where I don't write lol

[@faithlesshound5621]

@@9usuck0 Yeah, I see what you were getting at. It's like Newton benefitted from spending time on his own in lockdown during the plague after he had mastered the basics. By then he didn't need to be "set right" by his teachers and could fly on his own.

[@9usuck0]

@@faithlesshound5621 sweet, yes. That's exactly it. I'm glad I didn't just ramble dimly. Lol

[@lorellgingrich6603]

He was gifted. Gifted individuals are very much misunderstood by "mere mortals", because they are 'other worldly' so to speak. They can be treated quite badly due to their ability to fit in and often have difficulty in the regular world. I think many of these people end up addicted and lost to society - along with their genius.

[@dr.floridaman4805]

you pliebs refuse to listen.

[@randomrfkov]

Homeless chess geniuses.

[@WIllz2GOTA]

And that folks is why I'm an oppressed gamer

[@Saulgoodman67677]

@@WIllz2GOTA the time of liberation for oppressed gamers across the globe will come one day my friend

[@WIllz2GOTA]

@@Saulgoodman67677 it is inevitable.

[@jakeleo4518]

Hearing Ramanujan's story one has to wonder/ask themselves imagine all the untapped, uneducated kids around the poor and rough corners of this world and how many Ramanujan's might be hiding amongst them. Truly scary, sad, and impressive to think about.

[@shayneoneill1506]

I just hope the next Ramanujan gets the opportunity Ramanujan missed.

[@teopalafox]

“I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein’s brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops.”

[@qusaimustafa5350]

Well, an exception is an exception, i think anyhow they would arise if they wanted to like this chap

[@shrill8239]

You speak words of truth bruh

[@michaelvonreich74]

The best and often overlooked resource a country has is its minds. One of the reasons the US has flourished so incredibly is because of constantly attracting and draining the world's brightest minds. l

[@thiruvetti]

Being from the same Indian state as Shri. Ramanujam, its not suprising that he is ignored here. In Tamilnadu(India) where Shri. Ramanujam was born, he has least respect or mention. Rarely does he get mentioned in schools. Infact the movie made about him rarely got any attention due to political hatred spread against his religious background.

[@2PLUS2FIVE]

why does he gets political hatred

[@thiruvetti]

@@2PLUS2FIVE Its not him but them. There is a Tamilnadu party which keeps spreading hatred, genocide threats for his religious community backed by several organizations that want to demean his religion. THey put all the blame on this community to hide or divert their political failures and keep breaking people into vote banks.

[@2PLUS2FIVE]

@@thiruvetti Isn't he hindu like most of the tamil is it coz he was a brahmin? which party is it ? DMK

[@thiruvetti]

@@2PLUS2FIVE yes, didnt want to go into details but u r on point. how come u know so much?

[@swanandjadhav2413]

​@@thiruvettitell me why bruh?

[@Vee_of_the_Weald]

Arran, You have this nack of turning even the most obscure of topics and biographies into fascinating viewing. Your enthusiasm is contagious and I always end up smiling back at you - and winking back (I said winking!) with a “You’re welcome” Keep the great work coming. You are a true gem.

[@mougiemoist1]

You need a psychiatrist

[@LeeLayne70]

@Ranjit Singh

[@EdGEg4ming]

This wasn't the video to comment "even the most obscure topic and biographies" it is one of the best topics on his channel.

[@uragirimono6519]

@@EdGEg4ming NERDDDDDD 🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓

[@fandroid6491]

@@uragirimono6519 Will you wackos stop spamming emojis you emoji nerd!

[@FeelnLikeIDoEveryDay]

I've said it before, I'll say it again. Knowing how to think is far more valuable then being told what to think and then following suit.

[@koicaine1230]

100%!

[@descai10]

Doing things the hard way builds intuition

[@pauljerome01]

Pattern recognition was never taught in education thats why

[@azules9780]

The BEST COMMENT I've seen thus far

[@thelegendarysupersaiyanbro6535]

@JAEDEN ABNER jesus really does need to help you lol

[@devileanblack]

Imagine a guy that started from Paleolithic age to 30th century math in shorter than 20 years. His rediscovery of Newton math took him like a week or two. This is like superhero fiction level brain.

[@mtarkes]

What do you mean Paleolithic? India had world class British Universities even back then, and his peers and college professors helped him in his pursuits. Not to forget he was a brahmin, the socio-spiritual creme-de-la-creme of Hindu society. This video is exaggerating his socio-economic conditions.

[@devileanblack]

@@mtarkes I was referring to the part in video starting at 16:45 with my exaggeration. Since he didn't have access to the major mathematicians when he was studying advance maths, it felt like he rediscovered several lifetime math work in less than 20 years. That is impressive to me. I had no assumptions of how Indian education was back then, or his status is elite or not.

[@quiet7632]

Lol, what?? I don't think you know world history very well. India has been down for a 3 centuries because it got invaded, but it's historically one of the most advanced areas in the world.

[@devileanblack]

@@quiet7632 I have no assumptions about India. Even if he was in Switzerland, my point is solely about him making advance math without aid of previous great mathematicians.

[@pratheekshashetty1075]

@@mtarkes There were British schools but no universities of any higher level( mainly becuse they wanted Indian to read and understand english for being an employee but not enough to work as officers) and just because they are brahmin doesn't mean he is rich, they were mostly priests and don't make much income. Maybe do some research before you sound idiotic. He lost his sibling and he lived in quarters while working as clerk.

[@TheRealKitWalker]

India and Indians have always been looked down upon by the world whereas in reality they're a treasure trove of knowledge and prosperity. In ancient times, people from the world used to visit India for knowledge, enlightenment, trade and much more. No other country in the world can match India in terms of what India has given to the world and quite forgivingly like a nourishing mother. Ancient times India had various universities such as takshila, narmada university to name a few. Please do more research about India and you'd be fascinated by what you'll discover.

[@wazzzombie05]

When I was in class 8, 9 and 10 the math text book had a cover of a guy that imagined series of equations and numbers. Back then I thought this guy's parents must have make him do a lot of homework lol. But as time progressed, I became fascinated with computers, programming, logic and algorithms. Today I use those fundamentals on series to find solutions to problems that make my work easier everyday. The other day I was thinking what got me in to math and programming? I realized, it was the guy on the math text book cover.. I had studied his sequences and series for so long, I was just having fun with them. I have finished my masters in advanced algorithms and lets be honest when you're a dork as I am and want to be on a cover, the elementary school text book looks like a magazine. That guy was no other than Sir Srinivasa Ramanujan. He inspired a collective of mathematicians, engineers and scientists that developed the way we understand the world. I know he wasn't knighted by the queen to be called "Sir" but its a way among the us to show respect to what his genius has given us.

[@shimmer2003]

HAHAH "this guys parents must have made him do alot of homework" made my day man

[@Kami-Sama197]

@@shimmer2003 lmao

[@epajarjestys9981]

bruh, are you indian? i've seen him referred to as "sri srinivasa ramanujan", but not "sir". "sri" is an indian honorific title expressing much higher regard then "sir". i think it makes more sense, because he is more like a mathematical god.

[@SantoshK.Mangalore]

@@epajarjestys9981 I agree with you. SIR = Servant I Remain. Sri or Shri is an Indian title of respect given to a man, god or a book.

[@adarshpatelcs0078]

@@epajarjestys9981 Ya right

[@bodkie]

Imagine finding a new mathematical genius working as something like a janitor, perhaps with a troubled past. It's why I think we should treat everyone with good will, hunting for the next maths prodigy could benefit all of us.

[@ps-uj5dm]

Bruh that was nice

[@Flexponential92]

I see what you did there

[@aravindg2504]

Ya also imagine finding a new mathematical genius working as a janitor in a reputed math institute, with a troubled past but also solving a problem that even the professor took 2 year to solve and the students were unable to solve.Its also why I think we should treat everyone with good will,hunting for next math talent.

[@Worshipsatch]

May be that's how they came up with the movie name

[@poulkasstill9380]

Thinks about Abel and Galois....or lucky ones like Faraday....

[@toniivanova9360]

That's why I adore this channel. I'm not good at math, but as a human being I have to appreciate this man as the genius he was. He has to be admired and remembered, but I would never knew about him if it wasn't for Thoughty2. My history classes never mentioned him, my math classes also, so how should I know about the existence of such a great mind? 👍 Thoughty2 is always here for us!

[@jonathansturm4163]

Movie: The Man Who Knew Infinity (2015) is a standout documentary about Srinivasa Ramanujan. The film depicts Ramanujan as being much younger than both Hardy and Littlewood. The age difference is only 10 and 2 years between Ramanujan and Hardy and Littlewood respectively (Ramanujan was born 1887, Hardy 1877 and Littlewood 1885). Apart from that, it’s difficult to fault the film.

[@toniivanova9360]

@@jonathansturm4163 I'll definitely watch that movie, thank you.

[@johnchesterfield9726]

Here’s the movie for free right here on KZbin: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bojafYObpZ6rhMk

[@shorbock]

i would adore this channel if it weren't plagued by idiotic advertisement

[@jesushernandez-gw2qj]

Not much into mathematics but as a biologist and someone who enjoys learning. I have a lot of respect for this man and all who improve the mathematical field.

[@jedus007]

He was indeed a great genius and, however Hardy should be given a lot of credit for acknowledging his talent an inviting him to Cambridge, if Hardy had thrown away that letter the World certainly would not have seen Ramanujans Genius.

[@madd5]

nobody would throw it away with that much proof of his genius. But yes, thanks to him too.

[@jedus007]

@@madd5 those were times when the World was going through Racism, however Hardy looked at the talent of the genius on the letter he received. Even today some of Ramanujans equations have not been solved . His genius was beyond compare.

[@blobofconsciousness]

nor would the world remeber Hardy! he will forever be remembered for unearthing S. R! 😊

[@nakachinjah3854]

Exactly, thanks to that guy for giving him a chance, without him, we won't even knew he existed...

[@regisblessbin1937]

@@jedus007 well hardy was a professor at one of the most prestigious schools at that time, safee to say he was intelligent aswell, and intelligent people rarely are racist, which i assume must be one of the main factors he didn't care as much to where ramanujan was from.

[@srinjoyroy5488]

I would like to point out something here. From 12:11 to 12:20 - that man is NOT Ramanujan. It's S.R. Srinivasa Varadhan! Mr. Varadhan is an eminent mathematician (and statistician) who is known for his seminal works on Martingale Problems and Large Deviation Theory. He's also an Abel Prize recipient as far as I can remember. His picture in the video is most probably during his Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Kolkata days when A.N. Kolmogorov visited the institute.

[@shammohansood3112]

At 4:20 and 9:04 the map of India isn't correct and complete and i am shocked many of Indian wouldn't ask you to correct this but watch your video and write comments for else shame to them for this i disleked this video and the patriot my fellow Indians to do so for our country

[@lordtalosgaming1448]

Oh I thought all Indians look the same. Indian mathematicians especially so.

[@dimlighty]

@@shammohansood3112 who cares? why does it matter?

[@ruchijha6998]

@@lordtalosgaming1448 You mean just like all whites look the same?

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@vetiarvind]

Yeah his work on mock-modulo forms (and zeta functions) was recently proved by mathematicians in the US. They don't understand how he came up with it. The stuff they used to verify it was invented only after the days of Ramanujan. He was truly on another level. Also, it's "brahmin, not brahmian" - and you should probably use the proper map of india with kashmir (a british indian map would also suffice). Otherwise, nice video. I recommend watching the movie "The man who understood infinity".

[@newaryamen]

@@sensei249 what are you saying? Kashmir is a part of India

[@_UNISTAR_]

@@sensei249 That IS the Proper map.

[@sensei249]

@@newaryamen I know but its not recognised internationally.

[@rrrlovebuddy]

@@sensei249 Our "Official map" is what we use in India. When representing India, the entire world must use it. There are no ifs and buts in this situation.

[@sensei249]

@@rrrlovebuddy that one is not internationally recognised.

[@foreaces4651]

Even through a Dyscalculic myself, I'm still in awe of the genus of this amazing man and his humble beginnings.

[@LuminaryMonochrome]

maybe you too can become a mathematical genius, who knows, one extreme often has weird ways of connecting to the other extreme

[@SeanPat1001]

As an undergraduate, I took a course in number theory. There was a certain approach that was emphasized in the course. The professor was very well known and had been studying this material for decades. He gave us a problem. Prove that there is no largest prime. So using the methods that I had been taught I came up with a proof that was four pages long. I at that and thought, “that can’t be right. It was too simple of a concept to require that complex a solution. I set it a side and then, as is usually my case, 3 o’clock in the morning two days later I woke up with an idea, scribbled it down and then later refined it. It was a four line proof. So, I went to class. Someone else answered that question and filled up four boards with writing. I was expecting the professor to say that’s very good but there’s another way to do this. Instead, he opted to move on to the next question. I raised my hand and pointed out I had a different answer. He replied there wasn’t enough time to go into it. And I said it’s four lines long. He said put it up and I’ll tell you what’s wrong with it. I put the proof up and he looked at it for a little bit and then he got a piece of paper and wrote it down. Everyone in the class was a little shocked at this. Later I found out that that was a proof that was well known, but apparently this very experienced professor did not know about it. The thing about mathematics is that it’s a world which does not exist yet is governed by very strict rules. Finding a proof it’s a lot like finding a way through the forest in the middle of the night without a flashlight. However if you think the right way, there are some ways of solving problems that are much easier than others. There are very few people who can think in this way, but fortunately once a mathematical discovery has been made, others can use it indefinitely, as long as the record of the discovery is not lost. Mathematical theories do not wear out and mathematical results can endure forever.

[@TheMetallicasuperfan]

Guys I think we may have just found another Ramunujun....

[@hdthor]

Isn’t the proof that there is no largest prime a famously simple proof? Suppose there is a largest prime P. Let Q be the product of all primes P or less. Let R = Q + 1. R is therefore relatively prime to all factors of Q, and therefore R is also prime. But R is greater than P. Contradiction. Therefore P cannot be the largest prime.

[@subhadramahanta452]

@@hdthor won't we do a Q+2 rather than a Q+1? Cause if you do an odd number + 1, it will turn into an even which will definitely make it not a prime...

[@147Dragoon]

Idk what uni your studying maths at but this is in a level maths lol yes it is a well known simple proof aswell

[@chigasakinanami9100]

@@subhadramahanta452 no it would be +1 as you can't get an odd by multiplying any number with even. Assume P=5, prime

[@AlexanderCheong]

Imagine how many geniuses with poor and unfortunate family backgrounds are working at minimum wage jobs today. These people are being neglected and missed out for centuries and will continue for the next centuries to come.

[@supreethmv]

On the other side, we have billionaires like Elon Musk, reinvent everything.

[@NoName-to5xl]

@@supreethmv elon is barely bright. There is no comparison

[@supreethmv]

@@NoName-to5xl I failed in conveying that I meant the same. 😅 By saying, "On the other side", I meant the completely opposite side. Genius like Ramanujan writes a letter to the best Mathematician at that time for financial help quoting he had some works to publish and he had an annual salary of ~20 pounds being a clerk.

[@NoName-to5xl]

@@supreethmv oh got it "other side" == "opposite side" yeah. Incredible story. Makes you wonder : are the Brahman caste really somewhat "special"?

[@supreethmv]

@@NoName-to5xl According to ancient caste system, Santana Dharma (literally translates to "ancient way of life") which politically became a religion as Hinduism had four main categories - Brahmins(mainly teachers and intellectuals), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders) and the Shudras (laborers). This system was completely based on the occupation of a person. A kid after learning the ability of decision making could have freely chosen where it belonged. I have read that there ware no feelings of inferiority or superiority. Everybody just respected their profession. Also, there was a completely different schooling system back then called as Gurukula. A chinese traveler who visited India back then was stunned at the diversity of people, and said if anybody had to the break the integrity of India has to be only by bringing in a different system of education. This unfortunately happened during the British rule in India. There are many concepts of math which are so similar to Ramanujan's in a subject called Vedic Mathematics. TLDR: Brahmins were the intelligent people.

[@danielpotyok7446]

His knowledge goes hand and glove with his spirituality. Mathematics isn't something we "made up" and there are some who believe it isn't even something we discovered, but rather something we were given. it is the language of the universe. Tesla and others had this same belief. That man was given a glimpse of the cosmos that most academics are far too cynical to comprehend. Incredible.

[@orangeblue01]

well said friend

[@subhadramahanta452]

Agree!!!

[@critical_analysis]

Perhaps, the most gifted mathematician to have ever lived. It's a shame that he died so young.

[@puny_God]

There's a movie called The Man Who Knew Infinity, it's based on Ramanujan's life. Worth a watch and it amazingly depicts how exactly his knowledge was conceived. Great video!

[@amitnatural]

some people are self proud, some makes their parents proud. Some goes beyond and make a country proud on them. And we have this person, who made entire world proud.

[@madd5]

he is a pride of humanity

[@jesroe5842]

His understanding is astounding, he made previous breakthroughs by other mathematicians by himself. It's almost as if he was born earlier math would've been really different today.

[@ArrowBast]

If his scholarship to uni was not taken off due to his disinterest in non math subjects , he may have even developed the necessary metalanguage to articulate his thoughts , proofs etc .

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@apratimkalita1944]

You have shown the wrong Indian map

[@miashinbrot8388]

My father was a mathematician who died in the 1980s, and he very much admired Ramanujan. That's probably why I guessed you were going to talk about Ramanujan (and Hardy) even before you mentioned Hardy's name -- and of course as soon as you mentioned Hardy, I knew that I was right.

[@SilencedButNotForgotten]

He was an autodidact mathematician. That in itself is impressive, but his mind was far more genius than even the Professor imagined at first.

[@nedames3328]

@Lassi Chsch Of course algebra comes from the arabic al-jabr "completion". And Indians independently invented 0 and the base number system. Math was truely a humanity-wide effort.

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@Seiffouri]

Thank you for shedding some light on this legend’s life. I wish more people knew about him and his works. He was literally a wizard.

[@Tannercl101]

Ramanujan had the Midas touch of mathematics, every math theorem he touches turns to gold.

[@zwagig1761]

A brilliant genius who was taken away too soon. Imagine if he had lived longer, what more mathematical discoveries and breakthroughs we would have known.

[@andrewfortmusic]

The story of Ramanujan reminds me of one of my favorite composers, Lili Boulanger, who died at age 24 from intestinal tuberculosis or Crohn’s disease in 1918. But by the time of her death, she was already recognized by every composer in France as one of the most gifted musicians of her time. Her orchestration was not only on par with the great masters (Ravel, Stravinsky, Debussy, Koechlin, all much older than she was), but it was and is incredibly unique and personal. Impressively, she was able to balance a large orchestra with the organ, something that has always been a source of frustration for composers, even today-and she added a choir to that mixture, making it even more difficult. Her ideas were so mature, her counterpoint was impeccable, and even the way she used harmony is something I haven’t heard from any composer other than her. Dang, I probably sound like a total simp by now, but she wrote a 30-minute cantata for three solo singers and orchestra in the Wagnerian style at age 19… in two weeks. Two weeks. Imagine writing parts for upwards of 60 musicians in two weeks. I’m grateful for the music she left for us, but I wish she had lived longer!

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@infochan6776]

God was like: "You're not supposed to advance this quickly, nonono that's 30th century math we can't do this this early."

[@sanjayk3170]

actually he was also working on fermat's last theorem, he used some different approach becoz of which he called out hardy ramanujan number and using his methods and work for help it was proved in 1990's.

[@TheCuriousity101]

P

[@ekesamuel8795]

Thank you for sharing. This story brought tears to my eyes and silently reassured me that, no matter the odds... Anything is possible. As a sides note, I believe that his lack of a formal education might have been to his benefit as he was not constrained by the rules and prevailing traditions/pragmatism... Hence he was free to look at problems from just about any point without fear of being put down as being irrational. Talk about thinking outside the box!

[@Pteromandias]

Nah I think he might have gone farther if he had an education. Because he basically had to spend years reinventing the whole box before he could start anything new. But besides that, "prevailing traditions" aren't a box. They are just guideposts that tell us what has been tried before. If he had been able to study those he would have started out where the last guy left off.

[@LeroyRay0]

Honestly, when I hear stories about geniuses, no matter what field, make me inspired. It's crazy that he could just reverse engineer what was in that text book in a way in order to understand it. It reminds me of Jimi Hendrix and how he did the same thing but just with guitar. Who knows how many geniuses are just lurking out in the world

[@barneyronnie]

I loved Jimmy, and saw him at the Newport Jazz festival; however, I feel that many mathematical discoveries have a sublime beauty beyond the senses. Moreover, our universe seems to operate, or to be modelled on mathematical structures/ objects. As a mathematical physicist, my favorite recreation is listening to great music while doing mathematics. Jimmy was certainly 'in tune' with the universe on multiple levels, as are many other artists.

[@scrapanimation3813]

No matter how many times I listen to his story, I can't stop listening to him. Truly the greatest India could wish for

[@julianblind4624]

Using that wall theory: If all other great mathematicians placed a brick or two on top of the previous generations, Ramanujan placed a dozen bricks floating well above the wall that we are still building to meet. Love your videos, by the way!

[@phoenixj1299]

Brilliant comparison.

[@mavrostitan1968]

When I was younger my family had a gardener who later started cleaning the house as well, when we first met him he spoke 2 languages neither of which was english. In the 3 years he worked for us he was able to communicate very well with us and he learnt it through hearing my siblings and i speak and this was without any formal education and no exposure to english outside of our house on top of that he was about 30 years old, every now and again i think of what he could have become had he been given an opportunity to learn. stories like this make me happy and sad because its amazing to know that people like this exist but so sad when you realise so many of them will never come to prominence because of the state of our world

[@msdolly6101981]

I was born intelligent, "education " ruined me!

[@ernestbeckley]

Even though I knew how the story would end, I still felt a twinge of sadness, thanks to your absolutely riveting way of storytelling. Bravo.

[@wernercaspary7159]

Had Ramanujan lived to the grand old age of 80, we would be living in a much different world. In my opinion he was divine inspired. Interesting report. Greetings from Germany...🍺🖐

[@happy_boy8506]

God maybe took him cause it's enough for the preswnt

[@dontask9782]

What I love about this story more than anything was the fact that he done things in his own way so much so that he made it impossible for people to take credit for his work

[@kato_dsrdr]

He's one of those people that are born to do one thing. He's born for mathematics.. And to think that we still have difficulties understanding his work just means that he's so ahead of everyone..

[@Big_Tex]

Ramanujan had unparalleled intuition, but his weaknesses as I understand it is, he wasn’t so great developing the proofs of his wild insights. That book he acquired in high school has questions and answers but didn’t focus on proofs, and that molded his mental processes. This was very frustrating to G.E. Hardy who tried to train him up properly. R’s magical intuition arrived at correct theorems but it was usually not clear how he could have got there, and he couldn’t show how with rigor.

[@parthsavyasachi9348]

Not completely true. He developed habit of not writing proofs because he could not afford papers to write them. He was very poor.

[@y-rokenjnr6157]

Well next time a math teacher says to me show your working out I'll tell him to suck it cause the greatest mathematician didn't do why should I have to. What he's done is created the greatest excuse ever for students

[@Brien831]

@@parthsavyasachi9348 most of his proves were incomplete as some logical steps obvious to him, werent all that obvious to everyone else. He worked with Hard, who deserves much credit for his open mindedness, to make up for that flaw.

[@jennaxoxox4821]

I had a terrible time doing proofs in geometry when I was in school. But my answers were always correct. I later learned that I leapt over logic that was obvious to me, but not to “regular” people. My brain just worked differently.

[@Brien831]

@@jennaxoxox4821 When you leave out necessary arguments in the proof, the proof is simply wrong or incomplete. Intuition is a big part of mathematics but formalizing and generalizing an even bigger one, so each proof has to be airtight without gaps, so every other mathematician can follow the argumentation without problems. I am a mathematician and the first lesson I learned at Uni, to explicitly show everything in a proof, because intuitively knowing something is true is very different from actually proving something is true, as one is much harder than the other.

[@hemanthaugust7217]

It's just simple extreme genius !! He should have received acclaim like Einstein and Newton, but his talent & contributions were left unappreciated. If he has solved such hard problems without any formal training/education, imagine what he could have done had he been trained. Many of the worlds hard problems would have been solved by now. It's a tragic incident that he died so early. A tribute to Sir Ramanjun and the world moves on!

[@andrewbuchanan5342]

Beyond the humbling and moving story of Ramanujan himself, he is also a data point showing the incredible potential of humanity. If we could avoid blowing ourselves up, destroying our world, and generally being nasty to one another, what could we achieve?

[@SivaKumarNitesh]

I lived in Erode, for 22 years. Even though I knew of S. Ramanujan, only after I moved to Chennai (Madras) I knew that he was from Erode too. Even though I share a similar story to S. Ramanujan, the one more thing I wish I shared with him was his intelligence. Still amazes people in 2022, long after he's gone!

[@chanderbalaji3539]

@Allofdestiny.1.😂

[@bruna3620]

That gave me goosebumps, I've always thought how much knowledge we potentially lost though the history because not everyone is given an opportunity to develop their studies. It's amazing to hear about a man that had basically no help, but still understood and created so many things. I think this is an example of why we must accept everyone as potentially revolutionary. If every person starts to be given an opportunity to study instead of starving, we could have so many geniuses making their theorems and smart shit. The future would be actually incredible if we started to do so.

[@kolikari3813]

The knowledge is never lost it merely goes underwater again waiting to be rediscovered

[@ArrowBast]

Well you forget many ancient works of philosophy and mathematics were destroyed by Christian Mobs in Alexandria , Athens etc and later on the Mongols destroyed a great library in Caliphate Baghdad in the 1200's . and so on in India ( nalanda , taxila etc) . one wonders what knowledge was lost due to mobs of ignorants . Today the woke mob rules many universities and they may engage in similar arson and destruction just because of some perception of an historical figure was not confirming to their present day political sensibilities etc. tch tch

[@nickacelvn]

The guy was a genius. Im humbled and thank him for his work.

[@brianramirez4953]

So how is he "one of the greatest mathematicians ever"? Obviously he had no equal or near equal. He was too far ahead for his first works to be understood even today. They are still figuring it out. It is just outrageous to not call him what he was and still is, the greatest mathematician of all time, so far.

[@karolakkolo123]

I agree. Ramanujan had the greatest intuition for mathematics of any person in history. Euler was the most proficient though, and produced the most results. Both are impressive and almost supernatural

[@abhishekpatawari541]

Bcz of ppl like Gauss , von Neumann

[@nidhinbenny7975]

I heard a quote from 3blue1brown that "Everything in mathematics is named after the second person who discovered it, because if it was named after the first, everything would be called Euler's Theorem/Formula/Proof etc." Ramanujan was a genius, but there are others like Euler who were equally (or even more) prolific thinkers who contributed lots of insightful ideas to the mathematical world. But still, its awesome that we have had such minds in our history.

[@aijazbhat9081]

Mathematics is not just number theory, we have calculus, geometry, algebra, probability, graph theory, linear algebra. Ramanujan’s brilliance is in number theory and we already have people like Guass and Euler there.

[@phoenixj1299]

Absolutely.

[@petuniasevan]

I had an algebra teacher in high school (1980) who practically worshiped Ramanujan. There was a photo of the young man on the wall near the chalkboard, and this teacher more than once said that if we could understand all his equations we'd see a lot of the hard science fiction become fact. He was so right.

[@HypnosisBear]

Yeah👍

[@barhat961]

where is your teacher from?

[@petuniasevan]

@@barhat961 This was over 40 years ago, but I think he was local (this was northern California). He was also a chess grandmaster and ran a chess club after school. He was a danged good teacher; I remember him giving me a fail on an algebra question because I guessed at the answer rather than working it out with the formulas. I had to learn study habits since algebra was the first truly difficult (for me) subject I'd ever had. I cannot remember his name, unfortunately.

[@imtiazmohammad9548]

Thanks for your story, I am from South India where Ramanujan was born. We used to have a Maths textbook with Ramanujan's photo on the cover page. Ramanujan is a household name in India but people around the world are getting to know about him. I had a maths teacher who is from the same place as Ramanujan. He was damn smart, I still can't forget the way he teached us Maths ,I still remember the formula and proof technique that he taught us.

[@ligimolvarghese7480]

10:55 OMG. As an Indian this is soooo accurate. We don't say boot or trunk. we say dicky. I can't believe you knew that Arran. Props to you for nailing the joke.

[@nivnavion]

Calm down it’s not a big deal for u to say OMG 😂

[@golupranay2]

You know India was a British colony, right? Words like these have been picked from English and prolly british people call it dicky too

[@notrhythm]

lmao

[@sheriff332]

Dikkii💀

[@brave_new_india_science]

i love your content because they are so vivid and fantastically explained

[@kyallogideon8625]

One of the greatest true stories from this channel. Your narration is superb A TRUE INSPIRATION...Uniquely built

[@simantakeot]

Kudos to Arran for making a video on Sir Ramanujan. Often felt he haven’t got the recognition he deserves for what he did for the field of mathematics and the world as a whole.

[@faithlesshound5621]

*Sri

[@tacho9427]

Just goes to show that "genius" can't be taught. You have to be born with it. Schools can't really teach people the right way, because you'll always be influenced to think like the instructor/curriculum wants you to think.

[@n-steam]

Genius can certainly be untaught though. Schools can enforce such a rigid way of thinking, creativity is lost. Without creativity, there is no genius.

[@Kude1707]

Schools will quite often label someone as stupid when a lot of the time its their way of teaching thats the issue. I remember angering a lot of my teachers as they were unable to teach me how they wanted but if they gave me work they thought i couldn't do i would always complete it which infuriated them since it meant they couldn't enforce their teaching methods on me

[@rheegret8405]

I have seen taught genius before, schools just kinda suck

[@ElderVacio]

It's ya boi, TACHO here. Back with another FEH, wait wrong channel.

[@griffionwyvrus9063]

I know this is fiction, but their is a Japanese light novel/manga/anime called Highschool of Elite. It is a normal boy who is raised to be a genius, inside a white room, and in order to gain his freedom, he needs to beat the natural born genius on his new academy. It is really interesting fiction story.

[@ConnoisseurOfExistence]

Amazing! Thanks for making this video and spreading the word about this great mathematician! By the way, I have my own 'hypothesis of everything' in physics (it's about planck length), but I work as a waiter... I've published in on facebook and other places, so that no one can claim in the future, that they came with it first. I used to study physics for 2 years at uni before, but neither me or my parents had money to help me, neither loans were available in my country, so I had to do full time low skilled job... Anyway, Ramanujan seems on the scale of someone like Euler or Fermat. There is also right now a genius mathematician Indian boy, professor Bari. He has his youtube channel too. There are videos of him at 6 years old, solving math challenges given him by a MIT math professor and explicitly explaining all mental steps he goes to to solve the problems. And they're definitely not simple for most people of any age, let alone a 6 years old child...

[@aryan5850]

Ramanujan did all that even in extreme poverty so You too can. Best wishes 😇

[@rldb]

He was ahead by a millennia; but also had started from some 5000 years back. The word Genius doesn't even start to describe him.

[@shammohansood3112]

At 4:20 and 9:04 the map of India isn't correct and complete and i am shocked many of Indian wouldn't ask you to correct this but watch your video and write comments for else shame to them for this i disleked this video and the patriot my fellow Indians to do so for our country

[@redrock1169]

@@shammohansood3112 damm a patriot

[@Idkwhattowrite139]

@@shammohansood3112 everyone knows whole kashmir belongs to India It must be a mistake 😂from This guy ✌️

[@praveenvasistha247]

There is a movie on him called " A Man who knew Infinity" available on KZbin :)

[@rldb]

@@praveenvasistha247 Watched it 🙏

[@Amani_Rose]

7:54 This sounds awfully similar to Einstien too. He sometimes received very low marks in subjects that didn't interest him. Also both were clerks.

[@GTAVictor9128]

A common by-product of autism: the person is only interested in one specific thing and couldn't care less about others.

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

Exactly

[@nobbynoris]

Not that similar. Einstein was born to a wealthy middle class family which could afford university education. While university education can hamper a genius it also legitimises their ideas because they are then assumed to have been "trained" in the universal orthodox way. And Einstein's clerking spell is hugely exaggerated. He only worked as a clerk for one year while he found a university that was prepared to look past his rock-bottom degree result to allow him to study for a further degree. After that he resumed the academic career which had always been his intention. Shrivanasa Ramanujan's lack of formal education is why his ideas were never recognised in his lifetime.

[@poulkasstill9380]

But Einstein were a High Middle Class Boy ( Her Father can afford to buy sophisticated Electric Machine ( something like a IBM AS/400 (now IBM System i ) a heavy investment for the epoch 1887 1910 not fro poor guys....!!!!).....This is mere peasant family and peasant boy)....

[@markymark7803]

The world lost a legendary person when he died and robbed us of technology that would look like magic to us today, he would have advanced the world by hundreds of years. I believe he was easily above Einstein's capabilities.

[@Therock151214]

Einstein was a Physicist which is a type of Scientist, his contributions were mainly in the field of Physics, where as Ramanujan was a mainly a pure Mathematician who made great advances in Number theory, and Mathematical Analysis. So we can’t completely compare them. Ramanujan was (probably) better than Einstein at Math but Einstein was better at formulating scientific theories and describing them using Math available to him.

[@ccpccp2126]

I would like to say something, people don't create math we discover it. And maths is the language of universe, thank you.

[@marcushendriksen8415]

@@ccpccp2126 wrong. The idea that mathematical entities exist beyond the human mind is one of the most annoying consequences of the "maths is the language of nature" philosophy. If it's true, then you or anybody else should be able to go out and capture an integral, or the pure number pi, for example. Mathematics can be used to describe reality, but it is in itself not real.

[@HackCart]

He would have been surely decoded black hole.

[@Kami-Sama197]

he was just giving away advanced equations back to back, would take us a lot of time to crack those equations and later apply to advanced sciences

[@Bobbleoff]

Has KZbin blurred out large portions of this video?

[@ThankYouESM]

I suspect Ramanujan advanced in such a major way BECAUSE he began learning entirely on his own for at least a decade... that his mind went in an actual sequential direction rather than just spending far too much time trying to translate the work of others. From there... he was soon able to see various patterns arise from all of those numbers on account of that self-invented routine.

[@pranshuldixit5251]

Imagine what he could have done in 70 years... Just a Pure Genius

[@Harshit-Srivastava-1506]

4:23 im laughing at the map of India

[@pranshuldixit5251]

@@Harshit-Srivastava-1506 Well that's ur choice buddy..🙏 take care & Namaste 🙏🏻

[@Harshit-Srivastava-1506]

@@pranshuldixit5251 sorry bro.. I saw your name and mistook you for an Indian

[@shammohansood3112]

@@Harshit-Srivastava-1506 you are right shame on him

[@PratamEvents]

Its been 100 years he died and they still have not understood all his work. If he lived to 70, we would need another 200 years to figure

[@fricki1997]

Great episode, and closing statement! :) It's such a shame he didn't get to live for longer and enjoy more of the life his abilities opened up to him.

[@isiso.speenie5994]

The strange thing is that the greatest genius seems to occur between the age of 20 to 30 historically.

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

@@isiso.speenie5994 That's a myth. Several geniuses made path breaking discoveries well after 50 years old. Had Ramanajun lived to a ripe old age he would have gone down as the greatest mathematician to ever live in the history of known sapiens. Even still, he is the greatest mathematical talent to ever live.

[@isiso.speenie5994]

@@feynmanschwingere_mc2270 I was thinking about people like Einstein and Newton.

[@liliancalo3518]

The life of S. Ramanujan was told (romanticized by cinema, of course, but still accurate) in a touching and beautiful 2015 movie "The Man Who Knew Infinity" directed by Matt Brown, with Jeremy Irons (Prof. Hardy) and Dev Patel (as Ramanujan).

[@guydudedudeguy9030]

Possibly the most fascinating and unintentionally inspiring video I’ve ever seen from this channel, thank you so much for this I didn’t know any of it.

[@martineldritch]

Inspirational story, thank you. Between Ramanujen's genius and Hardey's belief in him and Cambridge's support it's nice to know his light, brief as it was, was allowed to illuminate humanity in a callous world where it's easy to imagine the more likely outcome.

[@clavo3352]

I can relate. In 1965 at age 11 a guy I knew, created a combination digital/analog controller for his two lane electric race car set. He was my age and even born on the same day as me. When he applied to take optional science classes in High school he was denied. The one year he was allowed to take science because it was required for graduation, he made the highest grade in the class. He claims to understand gravity.

[@lvlup3173]

We often see these type of individuals in our Society, but we can't understand their Work.. so we call them ugly, stupid, Crazy, Under Developed..

[@Bootmahoy88]

Well, those of us who have had a modicum of mathematical training, whether for engineering, physics or any of the sciences, have heard of him many times over. For someone in, say, forestry, I doubt they've heard much of Ramanujan at all. Yet again, a friend who is in the National Forestry Service actually quoted him a few years ago. That surprised me. I stand corrected. Guess that brilliant Indian got around.

[@twiceuponatime7625]

“An equation means nothing to me unless it expresses a thought of God”, words of the greatest mathematician of our motherland and a great devotee of goddess Kali. Srinivasa Ramanujan, the man who turned equations as his own language and sewed theorems with strings of numbers in his mind.

[@pablowooly183]

Studying everything that came before teaches most people, including many geniuses, to think a certain way. Most formally educated people can't even imagine that thinking a certain way is a major obstacle to revolutionary change.

[@cfbates3]

I can't help but wonder if his genius was helped by his lack of formal education. He wasn't burdened by other's limited thinking. He was free to go far beyond what was thought capable because of his lack of fornal education IMO

[@nicholashalden4890]

Interesting

[@praveenhegde8107]

Not bound by limits of the past.

[@krishna_2019]

Thanks for introducing me to this Super Genius. Ramanujan has to be one of the most amazing geniuses of all time. It's unfathomable what he had accomplished without any formal education in his field. It's so sad that his life was cut short at 32, before he could have reached his full potential. Just imagine how much further in Math & Science we could have been had he lived a full life.

[@Gnnesh]

I’d argue the lack of formal education made him a great genius. School and formal education is good but they tend to put people into a box. They limit people immensely

[@innosanto]

@@Gnneshyeah lack of formal education is double edged sourd but if you apply uourslef the effort it is then mich better , if you dont kich worse

[@kshitijtiwari3426]

4:20 The map of India shown is wrong. It doesn't display Jammu and Kashmir.

[@pakchyzo4014]

Yes man, I noticed as well

[@muditshrimali]

+1

[@vanhuvanhuvese2738]

Do people in these areas want to be Indians? or they want to be known as Kashmirians or Jammurian or whatever ? You cant force people and their land mass to be part of your country if they dont want to that is pure evil just like colonialism.People in Asia,Africa often blame Europeans for being overloads yet go on to be overlords of other people with less power with no shred of remorse that is pure evil.

[@pakchyzo4014]

@@vanhuvanhuvese2738 Hmm, get your facts right. See Im not antagonising thoughty2 here, as this entire video is based of a genius from India. J and K is a union territory, belonging to India. And thats a fact. Now we dont and should not expect foreigners to understand the land troubles we have with our neighbours. They just look up map of India on the internet and just pick what looks best for their video. Thats all this is. And if you find information misleading, just report it.

[@muditshrimali]

@@vanhuvanhuvese2738 I'm from Jammu, mind your own business whoever the hell you are.

[@butwhytho4858]

Love it. Ty for introducing us to this guy. Many of us would have never heard of him otherwise; and ofc with your unique brand of storytelling, which feels magical in itself.

[@imtiazmohammad9548]

I am from India, for us we know him right from the school because we were told his story in the school. I still remember my maths book front cover was imprinted with Srinivasa Ramanujan photo in the 10th grade.

[@cloudLighting]

I am almost cry not because of his death but purely because of his knowledge beyond his time. Thank you Sir Ramanujan for your contributions for our human race.

[@xyuv6769]

As an Indian we were all taught about Ramanujan in our school from a very early age. And here are a few things you guys need to know about this crazy genius of a man. 1. Ramanujan was a mathematical prodigy who learned complex theories on his own without any further knowledge. 2. Ramanujan attributed his mathematical abilities to the Hindu goddess Namagiri, claiming that she provided him with complex formulas in his dreams. 3. Many theorems he independently rediscovered were already known, yet he arrived at them through his original work, unaware of their prior discovery.