Why Runways Are Wavy

Have you ever noticed that some airport runways are not flat, but have the appearance of being wavy or undulated.
Although most runways appear flat from a distance and when looking at them side on. If you look down the runway from end to end, especially using a telephoto lens, this perspective compresses the view and highlights any wavy undulations. While many runways have minor imperfections, there are some that are noticeably wavy.
#airportrunway #runways #airportinfrastructure #airports
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[@FusionAviation]

★★★ *FACT UPDATES / ANSWERS TO FAQ's* ★★★ *1) I said in the video "The Russian Antonov"* - The Antonov was not made in Russia, it's Ukranian made by Antonov Design Bureau, a Ukrainian aircraft manufacturing and services company. I think I originally heard the title of the plane "Antonov An-124 Ruslan" and heard Russian not Ruslan, and thought it was Russian from that moment on. My mistake. *NOTE TO ALL FACT CHECKERS ON MY VIDEOS* : I appreciate the feedback and the enthusiasm with which you like to fact-check informative and educational videos. Please understand that I am new to this format of video. I know I have gotten some facts wrong at this early stage of trying this format, I will try harder for future videos. To be clear, I do not know much, if anything, about the airplane industry, and I don't claim to be any kind of expert. What I was trying to do with this video, and others like it, was to answer questions that multiple people asked me in the comments of one of my videos. I have been doing this for over eight years on another channel, and I started this new channel to try going in a new direction. So bear with me while I try to improve.

[@sundragon7703]

Okay...So after trial & error, one could land a wide body or 4+ engine military transport on a short runway on the flight simulator. Could they take-off on it?

[@FusionAviation]

@@sundragon7703 A military plane made an emergency landing on a short runway a year or 2 ago, it was on the news, but they were not sure if they were going to be able to take off from it.

[@sailaab]

Your demeanour and your positivity i respect. And subscriber number #769 reporting🫡🙂 Yes, it is a technical thing after the fall of the erstwhile U.S.S.R. else it is okay to call it Russian too. Appreciate you keeping it brief yet informative. And as a non native English speaker.. i was reasonably happy that I did not have to rewind much or have to keep captions ON for most part.. except technical terms. You pace, clarity, diction was easy to understand.. for me at-least. Although I am a bit dumb to figure out the region/part of the world such accent is from. It surely is not from North America (U.S.) as it was much more clear. It would eventually help to add manual subtitles. I and others can help you with them.. if ever you feel like trying to add subtitles in any of the south Asian languages (Hindi Urdu Tamil Telugu Bangla Malayalam and so on). Appreciate you taking up a topic which even the regular aviation channels do not really speak of. Or maybe they are too focused on what can quickly make money for them and so they create such content. You put enough research and editing tine to intersperse the video with relevant clips, animations. THAT in my view was worth looking for in the future too. At my age and routine.. i obviously do not have that much leisure time on the internet.. but such content made with sincere efforts and without over the top hyper-animated voice or fake enthusiasm is always appreciated by me at-least. Maybe in the years to come you too would look at things more commercially with intro, outgoing, plug-ins and sponsors. Will try to be there then too, if i am alive.

[@FusionAviation]

@@sailaab I have to say reading this comment (and i did read the whole thing) i was confused, it started off with a compliment, then looked to correct me on facts, then looked to sell me subtitle services, then went back to being a normal comment, just commenting on the video. i went through so many emotions, of oh that's nice of him, oh he is just nit picking me, no wait he is selling me services, no wait it's just a long honest comment. such a rollercoaster of emotions. I am glad you liked the video, I hope you like what I come up with in the future.

[@dahawk8574]

Subscriber #864 checking in. I was hoping to hear: "Airplanes simply do not need runways to be perfectly flat." Congrats on your channel here, and the refreshing attitude you handle corrections with. Almost Seth Meyers level.

[@DavidFrostbite]

5:55 "This video was not to explain why runways are wavy" Sir, the video title is *WHY RUNWAYS ARE WAVY*

[@bpmgaming3351]

My exact thought when he said that. I was like, wtf is the point of the video title then? Clickbait?

[@wayne-lj4in]

:>) Was a bit odd for him to add. Did fine on the reasons for the most part.

[@norbertnagy5514]

​@@bpmgaming3351but he did explain it tought so its even more confusing.

[@caprica_13]

@3:35 as a pilot, i can tell you that "undulations" on the runway don't matter much, the overall slope may affect takeoff and landing distances, but that's all counted for in our calculations. when it comes to "enhanced vision systems" or EVS, this is not something you'd find in any airliner. At least for the time being, this is only in private jets, military and general aviation aircraft, and it's not meant to see undulations on the runway. It's designed for low visibility operations, and in some cases spotting wildlife on the runway when landing in remote areas.

[@PYROMANIZAC]

FYI Antonov is Ukranian and not Russian! Unfortunately the An-225 Mriya WAS the largest aircraft in the world until it was destroyed in February of 2022 by Russia when they invaded Ukraine

[@marilson84]

This is not correct. The company was originally established in Novosibirsk, Russia then moved to Kiev. His founder was born in Moscow, so very much Russian. The lead engineer for the Mriya programme was Viktor Tolmachev, Russian engineer born in Kursk.

[@HontasFarmer80]

@@marilson84 So I guess that means Sikorsky helicopters are Russian even though Sikorski is a US company now and has been forever.

[@The-Cat]

It's Russian engineering my friend....

[@vector3d23]

​@@marilson84 That's not right, you're talking about the time of so called ussr, ruzzia is not ussr. The An-124/224 were developed in Kiiv, ukrainian part of ussr.

[@fordwrc2006]

NATO invaded Ukraine in 2014 with a coup.

[@ralfbaechle]

The Antonov shown has six engines and a twin rudder so this is a An-225, not an An-124 which has a boring four engines and single rudder. Only one complete An-225 did exist early in 2022 which is when the aircraft was destroyed in the Russian-Ukrainian war. Due to the age of the aircraft you might also call the aircraft Soviet. It was designed and built by the USSR for the Buran space program and was the Soviet equivalent to the US Boeing 747s modified as shuttle carriers. Wavy runways can be a bitch when you're a new pilot. They can also be a bitch at night when there is a hump in the middle which for the pilot of a small aircraft can make it impossible to see the end of runway lighting at the far end.

[@manifestgtr]

Duuuuude… The airport I train/fly out of services AN-124s on a weekly basis and I’m telling you…they’re anything but boring. Those planes are big and cool as hell. Incidentally, I also see 747s (passenger *and* cargo variants), all manner of military refueling jets (whatever the designations are for the military 767s and DC-10s) and even an odd RAF a400 here and there. A few weeks back, I actually departed directly behind an Atlas 747 in my weenie little RV-12 😬. TLDR: The AN-124 is awesome IRL

[@ralfbaechle]

@@manifestgtr Heh, I had a feeling my previous posting had the potential to be missunderstood. What I meant is that four engined stuff is pretty standard and thus boring. Six engined aircraft are rare and these days none of the types I know of (An-225, XB-70) is still flying. I started flying a bit too late so I missed the opportunity to see some interesting aircraft such as the SR-71 operating from near my home airfield. Though 747s were being serviced, the more common types of larger aircraft were all types of Citation which were being serviced by the company operating the airport or Hercules some coming from pretty far even outside NATO which came for special conversions. Other fun stuff was when for training purposes the PAPIs were switched to 5.5° so pilots could train approaches to London City without scaring the living daylights out of their passengers. Or once the Frankenhercules with two different types of engines. Three standard ones and for testing purpose the # engine had been replaced with a prototype of the future powerplant of the A400. Did look really odd because its much larger. Or the last airworthy Vulcan bomber XM558 on its first flight after the Vulcan to the Sky restored its airworthyness. With the boss of my flying club in the cockpit. Or the Red Arrows. But sadly no An-124.

[@manifestgtr]

@@ralfbaechle It’s interesting that the most exciting airports in any given region aren’t always the class b international airports. If there’s a large, class d with an airforce presence…you’re likely gonna see some really sweet stuff there.

[@andrewday3206]

It was sabotage by management that allowed the AN-225 to be stuck Ukraine and purposely destroyed by the Russians.

[@Nonoatfirst]

Nobody has Ever landed "down the runway" in Courchevel. It's Up to land, Down to take off.

[@Coaster_F59PHI]

Because of the momentum gained going down the runway?

[@Nonoatfirst]

@@Coaster_F59PHI Yes, the very idea of landing that way is absurd. It's one-wayx traffic only. Even if you wanted to, how on earth would you make the approach? kzbin.info/www/bejne/bKGuaqine5msbcU&ab_channel=TufanSevincelEarthrounderFlyingAdventures

[@des_smith7658]

Because people have spent all of their money and are lighter

[@orbitalpotato9940]

​​@@Coaster_F59PHI would you rather go off the edge of a cliff or into a snowbank in case of an overrun?

[@Dav5049915]

Yeah, outside of a flight simulator I highly doubt this has ever been done in an airplane.

[@walterpleyer261]

Talking about short runways: The largest aircraft to land and take off from an aircraft carrier was a C-130 Hercules, and the did it without arrester hook or catapult gear

[@kingghidorah8106]

your hair is so shiny!

[@charlie_armstr0ng]

is that because of the huge lift natural it gets from the wing area?

[@martin309]

@@charlie_armstr0ng That and probably strong winds.

[@badlandskid]

Did it use Rocket Assisted Take Off?

[@walterpleyer261]

@@badlandskid Nope: kzbin.info/www/bejne/n4SWfIOraL1qrK8

[@virtual-atc]

Runway 33 at Birmingham is just as wavy as runway 15 at Birmingham. In fact, it is the exact same runway.

[@PeetSneekes]

Not sure where the abbreviation ‘klms’ comes from, but kilometers are commonly abbreviated as ‘km’: kilo, meter. No plural, no bonus ‘l’. 🤷

[@FusionAviation]

yes my wife and I covered this last night, she is even a teacher and even she thought it had an "s" as a plural, I myself have been using Klms for over 30 years, no one ever said anything before. so it's so engrained in me to write it like that. But we googled it last night and their is no plural and no need for the "s" at least we now know that much, but it just feels and looks weird not to right Klm and just write Km.

[@PeetSneekes]

@@FusionAviation I don’t know what to say. I just know, living in Europe and using the metric system for over 45 years: kilometer is abbreviated as km. Even when pronounced, you skip the plural ‘s’. Check wikipedia, or any metric science book, map, or any sign in Europe.

[@FusionAviation]

@@PeetSneekes no no I believe you , we googled it after seeing your comment, and were both stunned, that not only I was wrong, but my wife who is a primary school teacher was wrong, she thought it was "Kms"

[@PeetSneekes]

@@FusionAviation Ah, I understand. 😅

[@CycloneCyd]

​@@FusionAviation The SI unit of length is the metre. 1000 metres is one kilometre (kilo for 1000, abbreviated to [small case] k) abbreviated as km. If more than one kilometre, it is simply the plural when written out, ie kilometres, but units wise, no need for the 's'. It's as easy as that and if your wife is a teacher, sorry but another 'cred' destroying mistake IMO Are you from the USA perchance? Would you express two feet as 2fts?

[@jgrab1]

"The runways' original construction in 1939 may not have fully anticipated the current volume and weight of current aircraft." Of course not. Who could have imagined an A380 in 1939?

[@PiefacePete46]

Jules Verne? 😊 (Edit: Nooo... probably not; he had been dead for 34 years in 1939! 😮)

[@CycloneCyd]

Err❗ Excuse me❗ The Antonov is Ukranian, NOT Russian. I suppose it could be described as Soviet, but NOT Russian. Given the Russian destruction of that huge Antonov has been in the news several times, that's your 'cred' blown right there❗

[@uriahstivers8125]

Um actually 🤓

[@henthust9784]

The Antonov is Soviet. That includes the financing. Take out the Soviet finance and there is no Antonov. By the way, the name Antonov is Russian.

[@dwightk.schrute8696]

@@henthust9784 Soviets survived WW2 only because lend-lease from the USA, take out USA finance there's no USSR. Keep dreaming tankie pidar.

[@artgreen6915]

​@@henthust9784 yeah but that particular one has yellow and blue stripes on it. Maybe that's a made up paint scheme? I thought it was a bit crass. The narrator didn't say 'an American Boeing 747' did they? Unnecessary at best.

[@holesmak]

Antonov neither name or russian. The company is named after the founder who was Soviet citizen and was neither Ukrainian nor russian. Antonov is his surname and it's slavic. From after the fall of USSR the company Antonov is fully Ukrainian, located in Ukraine and operates by Ukrainian workers. By all definition from the fall of the USSR the company and all its planes are Ukrainian ​@@henthust9784

[@andrewday3206]

Landing on a short runway reminds me of a pilot accidentally landing his C-17 landing on Peter O Knight (KTPF). Their runway is about about 1/3 the length of MacDill Air Force Base (KMCF) where they intended to land.

[@overyourheadtampa]

And take off a few days later. Pilot claimed they thought it was MacDill, fatigue can really mess with interpretation and decision making. Hard to believe they mistook airfields since rwy 5 (rwy 4 at the time of occurrence if im not mistaken) KMCF is 11500 ft long x150 ft wide compared to 3500 ft x 100ft at TPF and this occurred in the daylight with clear skies.

[@CASA-dy4vs]

@@overyourheadtampaI once stayed up for 3 days straight and I couldn’t even interpret what people were saying and I could barely read, fatigue is definitely a killer and if you survive it disorientates real bad

[@robertheinkel6225]

The C-17 had to be defueled and all cargo and passengers removed to get it back off the runway. Probably just coincidence the short flight was done at night.

[@mitchellminer9597]

If they did try to make a runway perfectly flat and level, it would have to be cut into the terrain or built up or both. Runway excursions would be much more dangerous. Making a wide safe area alongside the runway would be very expensive.

[@michaelwallace1861]

Not to disagree , but MCO , Orlando International is as flat as a table top. Former Stategic Air Command base and it was an emergency landing location for the Space Shuttle

[@itsskip]

I could name off a good couple runways that are pretty flat as well. Then again, where I live everything is flat to begin with.

[@946towguy2]

It is technically slightly convex because it follows the curvature of the Earth. A 2 mile runway would need to have an elevation about 8.5 inches higher at the 2 ends to be flat.

[@tyrekegordon2492]

Honestly a lot of airports in that area are I did my flight training in Kissimmee Fl and I’d be hard pressed to find an airport that wasn’t flat

[@itsskip]

​@@tyrekegordon2492 I mean it really does come down to geography.

[@martysmith9167]

Isn't Florida pretty flat itself? 🤔

[@garybpuckett8061]

You might want to cross check between two of your videos. If the patches of runway with the most rubber are also the low stretches of the runway, then the repeated impacts of heavy planes hitting the touch down sweet spots are likely adding some subsurface compaction to the undulation.

[@TheByard]

I have landed at Birmingham airport several times aboard an Emirate's A380 and each time it was a really hard landing. After seeing the wavy photos I did wonder if the pilot had lined up for a dip but touched down on a high spot. Landings at Heathrow and Dubai are a lot softer aboard A380s, so still wondering???? Having worked in road construction where we graded high spots and filled low ones. With special attention to backfill compaction up against bridge abutments. Soft spots are removed and filled with suitable material from a burrow pit. That sadly doesn't happen in Vietnam where I now live, new roads have huge dips either side of the many river and streams bridges along there routes. When traffic has to slow right down to a near stop action is taken to fix them. They are then filled by laying several layers of asphalt with staggered ends cut into the road surface to feather the joints.

[@Brian_Friesen]

Leveling an undulating isn't as difficult as you make it sound. Good roadway construction crews do it all the time.

[@garethjones909]

AI. No British person would pronounce Birmingham that way

[@Sonnell]

I think you could have also added that it is not as simple as flattening the runway alone... for planes I am sure you can not have an elevated or lower tarmac than the dirt around it. Planes in emergency want to use the ground around the tarmac. So to make a runway flat, you would need to flatten the whole surrounding area as well. This makes the work super expensive.

[@simonbrunner3062]

You had me in the first half, I'm not gonna lie. Last Friday I was flying out of Birmingham for the first and only time in my life, and looking down the runway from my window seat before we lined up for takeoff, I noticed how undulated it was. So I clicked this video when it popped up. And from the first four minutes I learned that what I saw was perfectly normal and maybe I never really paid proper attention to it at other airports. Only for then to have confirmed that Birmingham is indeed that one weird airport with the really wavy runway. 😂

[@FusionAviation]

am both amazed that camera lens's can shrink a 2+ mile runway down to the visual length of a car driveway + it's not as wavy as you would think when landing and looking down the runway from the cockpit.

[@martysmith9167]

Perspective can be sneaky 😂

[@user-pu1uj6zh5h]

1:40 its not russian

[@ZedNinetySix_]

It is Russian. Ukraine was Russia until 1991, the AN 225 is from 1985, it *IS* Russian.

[@user-pu1uj6zh5h]

@@ZedNinetySix_ Ukraine NEVER was russia lmao, soviet union is not russia, the chief designer of the An-225, Petro Vasilyovich Balabuev, is Ukrainian by nationality. Cry about it Z-kid.

[@lenajk2004]

@@ZedNinetySix_ don’t be so confidently incorrect, Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union, not Russia. It was a separate constituency called the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (UkSSR). Antonov is Ukrainian.

[@FusionAviation]

I made this video because of people asking why are runways wavy / undulated on the *"Cleaning Rubber off Runways"* video. Also because so many people want to know why can't you put motors in the wheels to get them spinning up to speed before landing so they don't leave any skid marks. I will be doing that video next.

[@fixpacifica]

Seems like the "Cleaning Rubber off Runways" video had a lot of little factual errors. This one was much better.

[@FusionAviation]

@@fixpacifica I knew I had made some minor errors on that video, so I tried much harder on this video. I am always trying to improve.

[@grahamcracker659]

this is scare, cat is sad

[@ginbei711]

​@@FusionAviationMentour Pilot has made a video about "motors in wheels" topic Maybe you can use his video as reference when you make a video about it

[@PiefacePete46]

​@@fixpacifica : Apart from the "Antonov in the room"?

[@dannydaw59]

That runway at 1:06 looks like the one in the James Bond film where Pierce Brosnan stole the military jet.

[@kissurscreenimonline]

Antonov is not russian, it’s Ukrainian plane

[@SR-71Fan]

It's soviet

[@FusionAviation]

yes you are correct, I see that now, I would could have sworn it was Russian, I did not bother to check that small fact when I wrote the script, as I would have said 100% it was Russian, not sure why, but that is what I thought, so I never bothered fact checking it. Like saying the sky is blue, water is wet, why fact check something you know to be true. Well I was wrong, I will try harder next video.

[@josue_kay]

Antonov is American, since Ukraine sold its soul to the said devil in 2014.

[@CunningQuestion]

@@FusionAviationhow would it be to revoice that part of the video to recognise your mistake and avoid negative press ?

[@FusionAviation]

@@CunningQuestion too late now, will check facts better in the future.

[@Ozzah]

Is this video AI generated? The script is all over the place. Things getting repeated unnecessarly with subtle differences; the whole things as a weird flow.

[@FusionAviation]

no I have been writing scripts for 8 years, I thought I did a pretty good job on this one, but I am no professional, I have only ever worked for myself. 3 of my best videos have 32, 30 and 25 millions views each. and that was from 4 years ago, I feel I am much better now. But like I said I am no professional and I have no writing background or experience.

[@joeythelemur2]

@@FusionAviation I think maybe it was the very end, where you mention runway 33 in Birmingham for a second time, and then the video just ends, which is a bit of a strange way to sign off.

[@kaizersolze]

There is plenty of flat land -- ever heard of the Great Plains? It's as flat as a table and so are quite a few American cities (Miami, Minneapolis, Vegas, Sacramento, etc.).

[@chesterfield5704]

brilliant video. subbed

[@FusionAviation]

Much appreciated!

[@mach37]

Runways just LOOK wavy when long telephoto lenses compress two miles of gradual and shallow elevation changes into what looks like just a few hundred feet.

[@aid0nex]

Other comments explain it quite well, why this video is dogshit and I am giving it a dislike. Calling Antonov Russian and saying that „this video was not to explain why runways are waivy” when this is EXACTLY WHAT THE TITLE PROMISED… bro cmon

[@bipl8989]

Runways do not need to be perfectly flat. Moving dirt from high to low spots costs big money. P.S. Perfectly flat runways could easily be made, just costs too much.

[@Anvilshock]

"easily be made, just costs too much" - Dude, you fundamentally failed economics.

[@bipl8989]

@@Anvilshock Sorry. I am a Professional Civil Engineer that did not fail Economics. You only need to get the runways flat enough to meet FAA design specifications. Anything else is a waste of money (according to Economics Rule #1).

[@Anvilshock]

@@bipl8989 Yes, and I'm the King of China. If something is expensive, it's not easy. It means a lot of costly effort and/or material must be spent to get it done. Fundamentally, "it's easy, but costs too much" is a contradiction. And if you still can't see that, maybe hand in your "Professional Civil Engineer" diploma. I dread to think what infrastructure you professionally civil-engineered with that attitude that I (or anyone else) depends on in their daily life.

[@bipl8989]

@@Anvilshock Yes, "easy but costs too much is a contradiction". Engineers spend their day to day finding the optimum solution to such problems. The solution is something you can afford yet still meets your requirements. Surprising you can't deal with such a common "contradiction". Are you still looking for the biggest chocolate bar you can find for $1. Most 2nd graders can handle that. Maybe you should stick to gravity powered airplanes. And I hope you can find your perfectly flat runway. There may be one at the salt flats in Utah.

[@A92CB7]

Most times ive ever heard "undulation" in my life

[@virtual-atc]

Slope would have been a more appropriate word

[@frenchcountryball3138]

bro has a degree in yap

[@FusionAviation]

I have a Masters in Yap. Just ask my wife :(

[@Nightskyzz_]

@@FusionAviationlol, its okay they are just joking.

[@stephenjones2356]

There's much truth in the jest.

[@DigitalDiabloUK]

I love that my local airport, EGBB/BHX Birmingham is used as the first example 😂

[@suttoncoldfield9318]

Me too (Sutton Coldfield, where you?). I live under the take off route by Pype Hayes Park just as they're banking to head east/south, can usually tell then the daily Emirates A380 is on its way.

[@jeffreywenger281]

Ok, but railroads built long flat rights of way all the time, although not as wide, generally.

[@ChrisCooper312]

Lamding planes on short runways isn't a problem. Planes usually land with plenty of runway to spare, and that's without using maximum braking. There is even a case where a medium sized soviet airliner landed in a field (it was withdrawn and being delivered to it's final resting place). The big problem is taking off. There are cases where planes have landed ot airports with short runways, either due to an emergency or mistake, and getting them moved has been very difficult. In one case they had to empty the plane as much as possible, and put just enough fuel in to get it to the correct airport (which was only a few miles, hence the confusion), just to get it back in the air. Again, most planes will get off the ground with plenty of runway to spare (often around half way), but that extra runway is needed incase of an engine failure, either to stop or to get off the ground.

[@claycassin8437]

Because they're built on planet Earth, maybe?

[@GG_Booboo]

I actually thought it’s an optical illusion

[@Awesomes007]

My OCD requires that I replace my entire bucket list with one item - find a way to flatten all the extra wavy runways.

[@marianb584]

Antonov An-225 Mriya is Ukrainian! Not a bloody ruSSian!

[@rhino6634]

It’s a Soviet plane

[@marianb584]

​@@rhino6634 It was designed and built in Ukraine and it does NO matter that the country was occupied by ruSSian bastards then. Moreover, even under this circumstance the plane got an authentic Ukrainian name, Mriya (Dream).

[@theoriginalchefboyoboy6025]

I was guessing it had to do with expansion in summer, contraction in winter...

[@rustyshackleford48]

I'll be honest.... I was hoping for an answer that wasn't obvious, and to learn that it was done intentionally. But I have actually wondered about wavy runways before, & it's cool to have a definitive answer.

[@alanjones4622]

Manchester Airport runway, well the original one before the second runway was completed, has a noticeable hump in the middle as could be seen on one of my photos taken from the co-pilots seat of a small twin engine plane. Probably this was more noticeable being sat closer to the ground. No doubt not so obvious from the lofty heights of a 747 cockpit. Bembridge Airport on the isle of Wight dips in the middle from either end. One of the pilots landing us there said you had to be careful otherwise the plane starts to lift off slightly half way down the 800 metre runway when you are landing.

[@isaaclarson]

4:16 I was sitting here for 2/3 of this video, waiting for the reason why we intentionally builds wavy runways. Then I realized.

[@alonzobrickman7418]

Just curious, was the person who landed the 747 in MS Flight Simulator able to get the plane back up in the air from the same runway?

[@legitscoper3259]

Shortening Kilometers "KLMS" is the most stupid thing I've seen today. it's "km"

[@r2jdf]

That POV at 5:27 raised my cholesterol because it was so buttery.

[@Penguin_Aviation_22]

Classic BHX

[@alexsaibel134]

The Antonov is glitching hard 😂

[@JFBence]

How did you come up with KLMS and MTRS? It's km and m. Nothing fancy

[@BrettAlphonso]

One wavy uphill downhill runway is at the Yelahanka Airbase at Bangalore.

[@sailaab]

1937: oh that stinky pile of garbage is a sight to avoid. 21st century: yeah, i am here to film this century old airport runway which has seen numerous renovations, maintenance.

[@krypton13_56]

Isn't An-225 soviet since it was designed to carry the soviet Buran Space Shuttle?

[@sixcues]

I watch a lot of Aircraft videos on "Matts Aviation Channel" from Bern Switzerland and Bern's runway appears to be very wavy as well.

[@PiefacePete46]

I spent more than thirty years looking out my office window at a runway with no waves in it... was there something wrong with it? 😮

[@snowcrest7863]

Telluride, Colorado, U.S.A. 9070 Ft Above Sea Level (2750 Meters) ICAO Identifier is KTEX

[@Chiberia]

the Antanov is decidedly Ukrainian - I think you just pissed a _lot_ of people off calling it Russian. in fact, the Russians destroyed it in their invasion, which is an absolute shame and basically a further destruction of Ukrainian culture. it may seem like a small slip-up, but that one was actually pretty huge, given current events.

[@bradleygdyjh2]

TBH my Local airport Has An ETREMELY wavy Runway Which is CBG in cambridge

[@Lego_and_avgeekQFA72]

For next video could you explain what are the roles for poeple in airport cause I’was wondering like what does the guy with red light serve for

[@antontsau]

Real lads land real 747! Orly. Qantas once landed old written-off 747 in Wollongong (Shellharbour regional YSHL ), where aviation museum HARS based. 1819m runway, no goaround for such a plane as mountains ahead.

[@MountFPV]

I have never noticed a runway being wavy. In 1939 they kept records of the first 4 layers of earth? Is America there are plenty of flat places that would suit a runway.

[@doughy041]

I dont know how old the B roll of all the takeoffs and landings are but RIP FlyBe airlines with both the recent and older liveries and of course the iconic Dash -8 and of course as many have commented BHX and its famous runways. Also you could have shown 23R at MAN airport famous for it's uphill start of the runway.

[@gregoryheim9781]

It's interesting that you have made a lot of speculative guesses as to why Birmingham's runway is undulating. But no answers. Why?

[@FusionAviation]

Also can I get some feedback on this video vs Cleaning Rubber off Runways video. Do you prefer the video with or without background music. I have put a POLL on the community page if you could vote please. www.youtube.com/@FUSIONYTC/community

[@kg6jay]

Definitely prefer without the background music!

[@coreybrown3572]

No background music.

[@VermothiaX]

Put in more substance. Too much repeating of the same information.

[@fixpacifica]

I didn't even notice there was background music on one and not on the other. Doesn't matter that much to me, but generally I'd prefer no background music.

[@TheByard]

Haven't watched it yet but I do dislike background music and hate looped music.

[@FakeItalianoII]

Excellent video ! Tanks !!!

[@louiscypher4275]

the runway on which the space shuttles land on is flat to 0.2 feet per 1000 feet.

[@user-of5lw4oy3c]

Nice work.

[@kkrsnn5632]

They used to be more wavy.

[@Neptune997]

Atlanta runways are also wavy

[@joecaljapan]

5:37 🤔

[@alexmakar9579]

Antonov is anything but ruzian. But guess why that marvel of engineering will never take to the skies again? Yes, ruzians 😉

[@akizeta]

The Antonov An-225 Mriya _was_ the largest plane in the world. But then the Russians blew it up during the Battle of Hostomel in 2022. There's a spare fuselage in a nearby hanger with other parts that might be combined with parts from the wreck to make another An-225. But Ukrainian industry is busy with other things right now.

[@inFAMOUSBeatsGFx]

I thought there was some mystically practical hidden reason... short answer: because the land they're built on is not flat. Cool. Who'd have thought... I even thought pilots had some sort of indication on where to land to maximise efficiency like the up-slope of the first or second ondulation or whatever... dude yaps for 6 minutes and explains nothing other than "It is what it is". 📝

[@jgrab1]

1:42 - Yeah, let me see him do that in real life! 😅😅😅

[@Anvilshock]

The hell is a KLMS? Or a MTRS? And why do you spell "Miles" normally capitalized but "FEET" in all caps??

[@androidemulator6952]

Manchester airport is famous

[@Rekuzan]

Wavy? Ever been to D.I.A.??? The elevation might be a mile above sea level but everything is FLAT!!!!!

[@volodymyrmoroz3735]

Maybe because airplanes like to jump like a frogs? Or passengers do

[@pompeymonkey3271]

The Antonov ^was^ the largest plane in the world. :(

[@sinemorbo]

DUDE!! Ukrainian Antonov!! It even has the Ukrainian flag on, even though upside down...

[@bftdr]

large tracts of land

[@TheAZPro-yi8bu]

Because they don't have to be flat?

[@hilman94]

actually, i'm more concern why runway feels like bumpy road when the plane takes off or lands.... 😁

[@airmanfpv964]

What is that airport at 0:40 ?

[@Da__goat]

Because they are built on the ground, which is not completely flat….

[@arunk2238]

Amsterdam seem to have the flattest ever runways

[@singel09]

Kilometer in skort is KM, not KLM

[@FusionAviation]

weird I have always done Klm

[@grahamevans7642]

Actually, Kilometer is abbreviated to Km

[@benhetland576]

@@grahamevans7642 No, not Km, nor KM, nor Klm, and the plural is not KLMS. In SI it's km in both singular and plural. Btw, Km would mean kelvin-meter/re(s) and Klm is kelvin-liter-meter. They are considered symbols, not letters, and case matters (s = second, S = siemens, M = mega-, m = milli-). Apart from that I suppose anyone can call them anything they like and abbreviate any way they see fit as long as they don't claim to refer to the standard SI symbols :-)

[@xyyyyx3247]

What I learnt and was taught at school when I did assignment, do not keep repeating the same information. My teacher would deduct 10% at least from our marks if we did that.

[@FusionAviation]

that may be true, but i have been doing this for 8+ years and I can say with 100% fact, when i mention something once, they don't listen or hear it, so if it's important information, I make sure it gets mentioned twice. Such as the construction date of the runway 1939, I mentioned early in video and at the point of trying to explain why it's wavy. so people understand it's an old runway.

[@jamesau4296]

Do airport build on land reclamation like Kansai airport less susceptible to waviness? Cause those airports have done a lot more soil work than counterparts on land did

[@lyallfurphy]

Might be more as it’s sinking into the ocean

[@BohdanTrotsenko]

1:42 that Antonov-225 (aka Мрія) is not ruzzian

[@jordillach3222]

1:38 The AN-225 was not a "Russian" aircraft, but Ukrainian! Even the video shows the yellow and blue Ukrainian national colors 🇺🇦. It was unfortunately destroyed during the heroic battle of Hostomel airport in the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022

[@kcyberpunk]

Chicago O'hare has 8 runways..

[@perli216]

Was this written by a person? Its really weird how some sentences more or less repeat one to one as said before , it sounds really unnatural

[@FusionAviation]

it was written by me, I am still getting the hang of how to write a detailed script. I have been writing youtube videos scripts for over 8 years, but they were much simpler and easier to do when not really adding much detail into it, so I found myself rewriting certain parts again to state another point. I will get better in time.

[@perli216]

@@FusionAviation ok I see, I was playing devils advocate and thinking that either it's generated or it's a trick to increase runtime. Thanks for the reply

[@markthebuilder9837]

It is not runway thirty three. It is runway three three. I call bs on your contention that it would be too much earth to move to make a runway flat. With todays technology and equipment they could be made flat but at an incline or perfectly level.

[@FusionAviation]

it may be pronounced runway three three, but when you see 33 put together it becomes thirty Three. When I was looking up runway 33, I never saw it referred to a 3, 3. I am old school, I call things as I see them, I do not care how it self identifies.

[@mohdaffandiariffinmohdazma3283]

You dont call runway 33 as thirty three. It's runway three-three as it is supposed to be called. Not how you see it.

[@mkk3a]

1:40 Mriya Antonov wasn't Russian but Ukrainian 2:44 Abbreviation of kilometers is "klms"?!?! Really? Are you American? It should be "4 km"

[@CerberusTenshi]

The Antonov is not the biggest airplane in the world. Antonov is a company that makes airplanes. The Antonov AN-12 isn't big at all. The AN-225 Mryia was the biggest airplane. But that's not "the Antonov". That's like saying London is "the UK". But most importantly, without repeating everything 5 fucking times, this video could have been 2 minutes long, not 6min 34s. Script writing is worse than what a 1st grader could do.

[@FusionAviation]

every video on youtube could be cut down to 20% of it's size, but the algorithm likes long videos to keep you here longer.

[@FusionAviation]

"The Antonov An-225 Mriya, developed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the 1980s, was indeed the world's largest cargo aircraft." Googled it I called it the Antonov, not the Antonov an-225, as most people know it as the Antonov.

[@travelwithuk0do]

Undulations

[@thecubicnoobik9792]

No way dude said Antonov is russian

[@nmcgwynne]

The Antonov is not a Russian aircraft it’s Ukrainian and that a very different country

[@jaspervlogt3843]

Ukrainian Antonov. It was NOT russian

[@tokugava77]

Antonov is not russian

[@ChrisRodriguez-bt6ms]

0:34 B U T T E R