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How this Indian Scientist change the way we see quantum mechanics | 5th state of matter | Bose Einstein Condensate | Satyendra Nath Bose
How many states of matter are there? When you were young, you probably learned about the three that are most common to our experience: solid, liquid, and gas. All of these occur with regularity here on Earth's surface: rocks and ices are solids, water and many oils are liquids, while the atmosphere that we breathe is a gas. These three common states of matter are all based on neutral atoms, however; restrictions that the Universe is not bound by.
If you bombard any atom with enough energy, you'll kick the electrons off of it, creating an ionized plasma: the fourth state of matter. But there are two additional states of matter that exist: Bose-Einstein Condensates and Fermionic Condensates, the fifth and sixth states of matter. At present, they're only achievable under extreme laboratory conditions, but they might play an important role in the Universe itself. Here's why.
In 1924 the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose sent Einstein a paper in which he derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles. Einstein generalized Bose’s theory to an ideal gas of identical atoms or molecules for which the number of particles is conserved and, in the same year, predicted that at sufficiently low temperatures the particles would become locked together in the lowest quantum state of the system. We now know that this phenomenon, called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), only happens for “bosons” - particles with a total spin that is an integer multiple of h, the Planck constant divided by 2 pi.
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केवल Einstein ही इस Indian Scientist की power को पहचान पाए | Bose - Einstein Condensate | SN Bose
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