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In the famous movie 300, a Persian messenger asks for Earth and Water to Leonidas - the king of Sparta. Leonidas gets very angry and kicks the messenger to his death. But why did he get so angry in the first place? What is the meaning of Earth and water? In the writings of the Ancient Greek chronicler Herodotus, the phrase earth and water is used to represent the demand by the Persian Empire of formal tribute from the cities or people who surrendered to them. The demand for earth and water symbolized that those surrendering to Persians gave up all their rights over their land and every product of the land. Giving earth and water, they recognized the Persian authority over everything; even their lives belonged to the king of Persians. Then negotiations would take place to specify the obligations and the benefits of the liegemen.
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