Without One German Product, Modern Civilization Would Collapse

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Sources:
4:48 National Informal STEM Education Network (NISE) video on KZbin (Creative commons attribution - reuse allowed) • Zoom Into a Microchip
1:12 Image sourced from Alamy (Newsthink Ltd. is a registered client)
Articles referenced:
3:39 New York Times article www.nytimes.com/2021/07/04/te...

[@Newsthink]

*NOTE: There was a sentence in the video that seemed to suggest the mirrors are less than an atom thick. To clarify, the mirrors are polished to a smoothness of less than one atom's thickness. Not that the mirrors themselves are less than one atom thick. That sentence has now been removed.* Visit brilliant.org/Newsthink/ to get started learning math, science, and computer science for FREE, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.

[@hansolowe19]

I fucking hate these clickbait titles. No, I did not watch the video. Downvoted🖕

[@seeker816]

Badly made video. "Inconsistent measurements"

[@jack8356]

No without Benjamin Franklin, nothing would exist.

[@stanlibuda5786]

Its pronounced like "Tzeiss".

[@EuroWarsOrg]

Why do I get the feeling you are trying to artificially placate us and make us feel overly secure?

[@compuholic82]

Zeiss is also a very interesting company regarding its corporate structure. There are no shareholders and it is completely owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation. All profits are either re-invested into the company and/or used to promote mathematics, science and technology.

[@mehmet24a]

But Carl Zeiss SMT is owned 25% by ASML

[@compuholic82]

​@@mehmet24a I don't know about Zeiss SMT specifically, but I'll take your word for it. For their subsidiaries the ownership structure can be a little differnet. But I would be surprised to learn that they are not at least majority owned by Zeiss. For example I know that this is the case for Zeiss Meditec. They are a publicly traded company but the majority of shares is owned by Zeiss which in turn is 100% owned by the Zeiss Foundation.

[@d4rktranquility]

@@mehmet24a the structure of ZEISS had some reforms in recent years, to make this possible.

[@orctrihar]

Basically without them we go 1000years back in our thecnology

[@bigchungus651]

It is based in my hometown jena

[@Timbalo0]

As a german: If Germany really had only height deviations of 1mm, we could build a tremendous Autobahn :D

[@user-gdxt-7399]

But on the other hand, you have some nice Alps to hike. Its better.

[@MicroageHD]

@@user-gdxt-7399 As a german: Nothing is better or more important than die Autobahn.

[@ABW941]

You already have a tremedous Autobahn. Every other country in Europe has a speed limit, you dont have one, you can theoretically go as fast as your car can be pushed and as fast as you can handle it.

[@Timbalo0]

@@ABW941 I should note that us germans really don't have any sense of humor. At all. ;)

[@pfichtner01]

....and we are the world leader in having long time , not to say endless re-construction and repair times at the autobahn.. traffic jams included. . Beeing caught in these jams let you dream about having a free ride on an Autobahn without any speed limit ..

[@TheSandkastenverbot]

*Please correct this clickbait title.* As a former scientist at Zeiss who contributed a tiny bit to the development of Zeiss' EUV projection optics, I have to say the title is clickbait. While EUV technology is an important step forward, civilization would not collapse without it because a lot can still be achieved with VUV multiple patterning. Zeiss has competitors like Nikon at VUV wavelength of 193nm. The competition could eventually catch up if it enough reasons to do so.

[@user-tg6fi9oi4x]

China doesn't have access to EUV, yet they are manufacturing 5nm node chips.

[@Ultima-Signa]

Notice how the title says *modern* civilization, not just civilization?! And that claim certainly is accurate and has also been proven in the video. What a way to talk down yourself instead of simply appreciating the compliment. I had to cringe at your comment. Of course all the haters and envious people are going to like your comment. You conveniently ignored the ´modern’ part of the title simply to have an excuse to talk negatively. So considering all of that I have to doubt that you’ve used to be an engineer at Zeiss, as your whole conduct then would be too strange to fathom. Not to mention that Zeiss has also been heavily involved in much of not all of the previous technological developments in that field. Even kinda sounds as if you’re rooting for others to catch up and finally‘ kick Zeiss out of it’s own field of technology and business.

[@GermanGuy007]

It all depends on your point of view. Who is the one to define when modern civilization started? Did it start with the steam machine? With electricity? Can you name a specific year? Most German‘s are not superficial. We usually consider somebody a friend after being very close to that person for years, a best friend for adults is usually somebody they have known for a decade. When Germans (almost) perfected something they are usually more relieved that it finally worked out than feeling the need to brag about it. You should also research the Kruger-Dunning-Effect. Then you will realize why true experts tend to downplay their work, knowledge and abilities while less experienced people think they know it all!

[@jokervienna6433]

Besides your interesting info, I´d say that beer is the most important thing that Germany produces. Without that, the world would surely collapse.

[@falkhammermuller9342]

A joke aside? The American institute of "micro equipment development" made a copper thread so small, it's barely visible with a microscope. They believed that they had created the thinnest metal object ever. But they couldn't be sure. So they send out 3 of them by mail to the other 3 best institutes of the same level in the world. One in Japan, one in the Switzerland and one in Germany. The Swiss people returned the package, stating that they can create a thinner object, but not made of metal. The Japanese package came back after a week, stating that they had tried to create a replica, but didn't succeed. After 2 months, the German package came back with just the original thread in it. And a letter. "Hey folks, we didn't know why you've sent us this or what we're supposed to be doing with it. So we had some fun and drilled a few holes in it. Greetings."

[@janav1270]

🤣

[@victom.]

Top tier comment

[@erikzeitler6799]

made my day 😆

[@mari_023]

should we just drill a hole or should we tap it too?

[@Salzui]

Unfortunaly this seems to not be true or my google skills rapidly decreased.

[@rayoflight62]

It is not only Zeiss. Advanced nodes require dozens of extremely specialist components, that are so complex that only one company (either in the EU or the US) is able to make them. The chipmaking industry is the most international and cooperative in the world. No one single country - no matter how advanced - can make all the components and machines necessary for building advanced ICs and SoCs...

[@radhamanohar2307]

@@adamiskandar5107 U.S and EU always sucks with world matters, they always want to dominate world and end up with shit for other countries.

[@Nils.Minimalist]

@@adamiskandar5107 China is known to have always bought technology from other nations. I've seen it happen a few times here in Germany. The US does it too, but the US is an ally. China is exactly the opposite of an ally. For example, right now the German government is changing the way it deals with future trade with China. So I bet against it! No power to autocratic systems because too much econmoic power of a country like China is dangerous for free western civilisations.

[@EzoPlay]

@@adamiskandar5107 yeahe except China keeps using industrial espionage, not really a "mutually beneficial relationship"

[@morfgo]

Can you name other examples?

[@eduwino151]

@@adamiskandar5107 LOL China will need to develop hundreds of industries it doesnt have from scratch to be able to make chips independently buddy that will take decades of research by which time the tech will be obsolete

[@Elektrotechniker]

This is the first time someone realized that Zeiss is so important for the modern economy! The so called „Zeiss-Tower“ on the picture at the beginning is situated just where I grew up and still live, in Oberkochen Baden-Württemberg and my whole family is deeply rooted in this Company. Even my Grandfather worked there as a former Electrical Engineer in the "Schaltkreisentwicklung" (Electrical Circuit development). My Father on the other hand owns/runs a well known Zeiss optician in the vicinity.

[@julian7946]

Ich hab das gegoogelt und der sogenannte "Zeiss-Tower" ist doch der "Jentower" in Jena, oder? Also entweder ich habe was absolut nicht verstanden oder du hast dich ein bisschen falsch ausgedrückt haha

[@Elektrotechniker]

@@julian7946 siehe 0:34 im Video. Der Turm in Jena sieht anders aus soweit ich mich erinnere, dort war ich vor einigen Jahren auch mal. Außerdem sitzt die SMT in Oberkochen, und darüber handelt ja auch diese Doku.

[@bretert]

Pretty cool

[@konigstigerhart455]

German space magic.

[@lennykump8396]

@@julian7946 die Bilder ab 4:13 sind aus Jena. Das Bild am Anfang nicht. Zeiss stammt aus Jena, wurde aber durch die Korruption der Treuhand nach der Wende nach Oberkochen verbracht.

[@newbie4789]

I knew about the dominance of ASML and TSMC but the addition of Zeiss into this formula is pretty cool

[@d.o.g573]

Pssst - Don’t tell China or we will have the next chinese exercise not on the Taiwanese borders…

[@newbie4789]

@@d.o.g573 I mean... It's Germany... In EU... They will think thrice and discard the idea

[@d.o.g573]

@@newbie4789 It was meant as a joke…

[@newbie4789]

@@d.o.g573 yeah yeah... I just did the same

[@tigerchills2079]

I talked to an ASML employee about this topic somewhere around 2017 when I studied in the Netherlands. Using mirrors instead of lenses to focus the image on wavers for IC production. Even crazier, how they got the EUV emission in the first place. From what I recall, they would shoot a laser on a metal droplet which would then emit EUV as it vaporizes. It's like using a laser to create another laser, which requires fuel. That blew my mind.

[@VKrug919]

The Lasers are made by anither german company called "Trumpf"

[@fenfire3824]

There are lasers using "fuel". Some are called "chem lasers" and it is not just science fiction. But why should they use mirrors instead of lenses. Don't they already use both? The lense is not for redirecting the laser, it is for downscaling the pattern perfectly even. If you don't have perfect surfaces of the lense, the end result will be bend and warped. I don't understand what the mirror has to do with it. The thing is, you want to have a big pattern lasered on a surface at once, not a laser that is super narrow and carves lines into a piece. Otherwise the production would take forever. It is like a LCD/DLP resin printer is competing with an SLA resin printer. They both have their place for a very specific type of work, but for mass production the sla would never be able to compete, even his high detail at printing can be much higher. BUT if you then put a lense on top of the lcd dlp printer it is even more detailed AND faster producing. With a zeiss lense, you could print much more detailed prints on a smaller scale. And that is in a way similiar how it works on asml machines in a way, but instead of using uv light for resin, you need euv light and different materials. And with a better mirror technology you might improve an sla printer. But you won't improve mass productive cpu manufactoring.

[@evenstar356]

@@fenfire3824 part of the spectrum between visible light and hard x-rays is strongly absorbed by like all materials so you need mirrors in vacuum instead of lenses in air

[@osterhase355]

The company building the laser is Trumpf. Another German company from the same region as Zeiss. They shoot the a laser at a tin droplet 50 000 times a second what causes the drop to emit a super short wavelength of light EUV (extreme ultraviolet light)

[@ahmadimamadyan1396]

what did you study in Netherlands?

[@0Turbox]

Zeiss invented the first electronic microscope.

[@mattphorwich]

The first prototype electron microscope, capable of four-hundred-power magnification, was developed in 1931 by the physicist Ernst Ruska and the electrical ...

[@indian.techsupport]

Do you mean electron microscope? If so, no they didnt

[@codycast]

Yo mamma invented the first electronic microscope

[@user-gdxt-7399]

I think it was Philips

[@shaun9556]

In 1920, Dr. Royal Raymond Rife built the first virus microscope and by 1933, he had improved the technology and introduced to the world the Universal Microscope which had almost 6,000 different parts and was capable of magnifying objects 60,000 times their normal size! While attending Heidelberg University, Dr. Rife also worked with Zeiss Optics in the research, design, and production of fine microscopes. One of the most appealing features of the Universal Microscope was that it allowed one to observe samples in their natural state and in real-time, much like a movie, unlike the Electron Microscope which killed the specimen and only provided still images. Dr. Rife not only was able to view viruses, which could not be observed using previous existing technology, but he also could see them change their form in response to their environment and even transform normal cells into tumor cells, something that was not even imaginable at the time.

[@waichui2988]

Without the machine that makes 3 nano meter chips, our modern civilization would collapse? And everyone goes back to dig potatoes for a living? How did the people of 2010 survived without the EUV machine?

[@itwoznotme]

this is what happens when you let the marketing morons come up with exciting strap lines.

[@aero1000]

Zeis is indeed an integral part of the ASML EUV machine, it is however important to note there are dozens of other technologies that make the asml machine. The laser, specially designed motors, software (sub nm positioning, shooting laser droplets, flow etc), 50 nm thick sheets (pelicles), 3D precision printed and milled ceramics, welding of exotic materials, advanced flow, heat and stress calculations, precision milling of frames the size of a large car, the masks, wafer, wafer handlers, the whole factory around the machine just to name a few. These are all technologies developed over the years and all play an important role in how the worlds most important technology came to be.

[@zenmonk5403]

The laser emitters are made by Trumpf, which is another German company

[@basilhammer2965]

Do you know some of the companies that make the products you just listed for ASML?

[@bengutmann606]

@@basilhammer2965 I work with Trumpf who are responsible for the laser - which is the most powerful CO2 laser in the world btw. It is also a German company like Zeiss.

[@basilhammer2965]

@@bengutmann606 Thank you very much! Very impressive technology!

[@flippo2209]

ZEISS

[@mikethespike7579]

One of my nephews applied for a job where Zeiss develops this technology. He has a PhD in mechatronics and has worked for a whole load of high profile international tech-companies. But even so, Zeiss, it seems, doesn't let just anyone near this technology regardless of qualifications. The vetting is extreme. For instance they questioned his family name. It's Slavic from one of our far in the past immigrated ancestors from Russia or somewhere like that. They wanted to know what friends he has, where he goes on vacation, if he has debts, what his hobbies are, what he thinks of the covid pandemic, what he thinks of the present global political situation and a whole lot more. One of the questions in the stack of forms asks what foreign languages he can speak, even rudimentary. He was going to write Mandarin - he took a course ages ago during his university days - but then decided not to mention is in case this arouses suspicion.

[@shazamshazamshazam696]

Background security check. I worked in the U.S. Semiconductor industry, I had to have a background check for my job which was in marketing, not development. Spying is a real thing.

[@rocky171986]

Actually non-declaration is a bigger red flag than declaring he knows rudimentary Chinese. The company probably already knows this, and is seeing if your nephew is upfront about it.

[@stygian4011]

Those background checks happen a lot in crucial industries like the semiconductor industry. A friend of my dad works for Global foundries in Germany and told us how strict the vetting process is. Basically impossible as a foreigner to get in.

[@mikethespike7579]

@Freddi "Question is how far "a whole load" is beneficial. At some point you are not gathering experience anymore." I beg to differ. In my mind, there''s no limit to to the useful knowledge and experience we humans gather during our lives if we are inquisitive, regardless of the field of work. Case in point, I'm a self-employed engineering consultant who had worked for quite a few engineering companies before starting my own little business. I couldn't competently run such a business without all the things I learned in these companies. My broad engineering experience is what my customers pay for. And I'm still learning even today, having to learn because engineering technology is forever advancing and introducing new concepts. When I started there was no such thing as computer aided design or 3D printing, no CNC machines and cars didn't have electronics inside them. Through the years all that has kept me on my toes.

[@gardenwine7643]

Germans: 20% of us worked for the secret police to backstab our neighbors, family and everyone else. Also Germans: You with your foreign sounding name are a security risk, especially because we don`t like your thought on the COVID pandemic. Guy with foreign name: Uh. I didn`t learn Mandarin.

[@naikyou]

A couple of former professors of mine worked for them. My thesis evaluator specifically as a mathematician and surprisingly, patent agent. He routinely told us about stories of the workflow there during lectures and sometimes about the "oopsies" that happened during his tenure (one about certain hiring practices, a very expensive machine breaking for one of their clients and the time they got paid to drink coffee for a month because some engineers refused to believe that a thing they attempted was mathematically impossible). Seems like a pretty interesting company to work for, if one has the qualifications for it.

[@Wilson84KS]

Engineers that believe? This must be german for sure, good old national socialist companies with blown up image, this is what this channel is actually about, completely hiding the theft genocide for resources that has been expanded from the neighbor countries to global after WWII, before Germany, in fact one of the poorest countries, can do anything, to run an extreme overproduction of garbage nobody can afford, it is asian countries that provide all the technology, Germany is one of the most backwards developed countries, still using Fax and millions tons of paper simply because progress means freedom which is called unemployment in the money/market religion, but this is the end of -civilization- systemic slavery, already known from history as the Great Depression, that's why there can't be any progress but just fairy tales about progress, first step would be automatisation but this would lead to a total collapse right away.

[@leoe.5046]

At least those engineers had the spirit

[@d4rktranquility]

FH Jena?

[@naikyou]

@@d4rktranquility Nope, FH Würzburg-Schweinfurt. By the start of the practical semester, I knew of three former employees in the faculty and got to accompany them on a trip to the uni in Aalen (right next to the Zeiss location in Oberkochen) to look at their optics department and meet some former staffers. Was pretty neat.

[@patrickmclaughlin61]

You mean they were road workers?

[@gtrfreak]

Carl Zeiss really does make the best lenses, mirrors, and measuring devices

[@kayakMike1000]

this is an example of cost of entry into a particular market. there's no way that you can compete in this market without a full time crew of at least three dozen expensive brilliant engineers working for ten years.

[@derickndossy]

I like that you talk slowly and clearly

[@Newsthink]

Thanks, though never used to be the case. In older videos I spoke too quickly but am learning to slow things down

[@TheJohn768]

Worked there for a few years and many friends still do - truly amazing company. Crazy to walk though the factory and see everything it takes to make those systems

[@bulentterzi3815]

Why did you quit, if so good?

[@artpost854]

​@@bulentterzi3815 The main facilities of Zeiss are located in Oberkochen, in the middle of nowhere, almost like Los Alamos ;-) Not everyone is ready to spend their whole life there.

[@justus5879]

I am from jena, which is where carl zeiss lived and now the company has its residence. Its insane to know that this company not that many have heard about is so important, not only for this but also for nasa and defense companys since they also make the best glass

[@KitsGravity]

Subscribed. Great content! Amazing explanations of highly complex topics.

[@jojogh10]

Zeiss also built the projector for the first planetarium in the world, situated in Jena. (My home

[@sgt.bonkers8706]

Grüße aus Lobeda^^

[@LPVince94]

They build all projectors in each and every planetarium to this day. Correction there are knock-off projectors around. They just don't nearly approach the quality of the ones from Zeiss.

[@Collinder]

Moin ebenfalls aus Lobeda ;)

[@jojogh10]

@@LPVince94 Zeiss' quality really is something extraordinary. In all fields...

[@kABUSE1]

My grandparents lived directly on the opposite side of the street of said planetarium in Jena in a huge villa they've built in the DDR before they went ultra bankrupt, it's funny how small the world is.

[@erikschaepers]

Zeiss are indeed a legendary company over here in DE, and an important part of our industrial heritage. Many abroad think we have only Mercedes and BMW, but our history and tradition of science & engineering extends way beyond that.

[@d4rktranquility]

The todays Industry would be unthinkable without the precision of ZEISS technology.

[@d4rktranquility]

@@survivor2022 this is really, REALLY unrealistic. German companies can't go away since their highly specialised employees are the reason they exist and not some ressources. Also ZEISS is owned by it's own employees and not by some super rich asshats.

[@juliam1395]

Bayer, Basel , Bosch are also German.

[@shrbmr]

@@juliam1395 siemens liebherr

[@tissapathiratna7761]

Sadly MB , BMWAuto, Motorrad , AUDI, VW are not Reliable as they used to be. May be different in Deutschland. The New Boxer is the worst & most complicated Design. I used to work for a German engine manufacture.

[@kingjohan1335]

Zeiss also made the optical sights and range finders for German tanks in WW2, they’re are part of the reason why German tanks had such high kill ratios, they were able to zero in on enemy tanks before the other tank even knew they were there

[@howtomundane3109]

They are still building optical sights for the latest tanks & firearms. The technology only improved

[@d4rktranquility]

@@howtomundane3109 actually that's why Jenoptik exists. They do the dirty stuff.

[@howtomundane3109]

I've just looked up the scopes that ZEISS produces. Some cost more money than I make in a month!

[@Trekki200]

@@d4rktranquility that's not true actually. At the end of WW2 some of the Zeiss leadership fled from the red army to the west and started a new company (also named Zeiss). So there were two companies that made the same things, used the same name, but were on opposite sides of the iron curtain. Some time in the 60s it was therefore agreed that the west German one would use Zeiss on the international markets, while the Eastern one used Jenoptik (because it's a company building optics equipment based in the city of Jena). Nowadays Jenoptik is its own company, but the two Zeiss also still exist, now differeciated by different product categories and logos.

[@d4rktranquility]

@@Trekki200 there is only one Zeiss today. The western Zeiss integrated the eastern one in it's structure. The western one was never a new company. It's still part of the same ownership under the Zeiss Stiftung since Ernst Abbe founded it. I worked for Zeiss and studied in Jena.

[@elizabethwinsor5140]

The only chips I'm interested in are fried in lard - I use a sophisticated machine called a DFF (deep fat fryer) - I use it to heat the chips to extreme temperatures up to the "BP" or browning point - this is kept stable for exactly 7.2 minutes when the chips start early "Crisping Phase" 1.3 minutes later they're dumped on a plate and devoured instantly by the greedy bastards (children) .

[@joannot6706]

🤮

[@gleqy]

lmao

[@msnpassjan2004]

I like how you keep your videos as compact and to the point as possible !

[@cyberpunk.386]

I think it's a growing trend to keep KZbin videos to the point. It'll determine which videos get watched and bubble to the surface.

[@ak203]

Exceptionally good, clear explanation. Nice work!

[@joajojohalt]

as a student in Jena (the city where C. Zeiss is based) I love Zeiss. The whole city benefits so much from Zeiss and yet Zeiss does not try to seize power but supports research projects etc. simply in the hope that the results will turn out to be profitable for Zeiss in the end

[@dan-us6nk]

I love how it goes straight to the point!!!

[@PauxloE]

"Modern civilization would collapse" is a bit strong, unless you mean you magically remove/destroy everything whose supply chain includes anything where such a mirror was used. If this didn't exist at all, we'd still have micro chips, just larger and more expensive ... as we had a few years back.

[@singularityraptor4022]

he gotta clickbait for views.

[@VVayVVard]

I'm guessing what they meant is that, if you removed everything that has ever been made with those mirrors, then modern society would temporarily enter a state of "collapse", because all of a sudden lots of things (anything using transistors made using this type of lithography) would stop working.

[@Wolf-ln1ml]

Do you have any idea how often critical parts of the infrastructure require replacement parts, especially microchips? No, it wouldn't collapse tomorrow, or even within a week, but within less than a month, we'd notice significant issues starting to show up...

[@Tethloach1]

We would collapse back to 2012, 10 years of progress lost.

[@Wolf-ln1ml]

@@Tethloach1 We would pretty quickly collapse back to the mid-90s, and some time later back to the 70s.

[@jeffsturm5390]

The EUV-Lithography is such an interesting topic… In my company we coated these mirrors and sometimes we have seen the finished polished ones. It was breathtaking to see this absolutely perfect surface, a normal mirror was a joke compared to this mirrors

[@RustyDust101]

Basically it's still the same what I heard in another video: Germany builds the things that goes into the things that goes into the things you are build. Yepp, the double inception level was fully intended. Those things are not irreplaceable or not copyable but they both difficult to replace, or difficult to copy. Because it takes a lot of time and know-how for even the production processes to be developed, much less the actual product. Yeah, those products are rarely flashy, or grab the international limelight. But they can be very important integral parts. As the Russians have discovered early in 2022 when Germany and the EU levied their first sanctions against them. Among those sanctions were the complete stop of German manufactured ball bearing balls. How's that important? Well, tanks run to n treads, treads run on a set of wheels, wheels run on pivoted axles, axles run on high precision and extremely durable ball bearing balls. Yeah, China produces similar ball bearings. Not as durable, not as precise, but cheaper. So when Russian tank manufacturing companies failed to source German made ball bearings they turned to the Chinese made counterparts. Well, the results have been obvious, right? With Russian tanks breaking down due to mechanic failures in the dozens. So what's the lesson? Don't piss off Germany if you can't build the stuff you buy here yourself or you don't have an equivalent product at standby. 😂😂

[@unlink1649]

Replacing all the stuff that Germany produces with good equivalents seems like a near impossible task. And then imagine Meeting tanks made with the parts you just got blocked off from on the battlefield, like the Leo2. Yikes

[@artpost854]

It will be almost impossible to replace the optical system produced by Zeiss, because it is all protected by patents. But even without patents, it would take decades to simply copy, not even to invent on your own. And after decades, no one will need your copy because it will be hopelessly outdated.

[@finley3186]

This takes precision German egineering to a whole new level...

[@Layde36]

More like colonizers using all the stolen wealth from the rest of the world

[@klassenpage]

Most modern Hardware and general manufacturing technologies would not work without german companies that's the reason Germany has a very strong economy given its relatively small size of population and natural resources. The same can be said about the US when it comes to Software Technology.

[@jaakkotahtela123]

Someone else would have invented all those things sooner or later. There isn’t anything in the world that is forever dependent on one person, company or country

[@prophetsspaceengineering2913]

@@jaakkotahtela123 Indeed not. But people and companies aren't standing still and it's easier to stay ahead if you had a head start. Getting into many of those highly specialized niches is often just not worth the cost and risk involved.

[@prometheus9096]

Also occupying a niche that is already occupied is extremely hard. Almost like in evolution.

[@nilesbutler8638]

What natural resources are you speaking of? Because in germany itself, its a widely-believed truism that the country is - compared to most other industrialized nations - rather poor in the natural resource sector. At least now, after 170 years of high-level industrial exploitation of said resources. It is believed that the most useful resource in international competiotion is its large, dedicated and largely free or cheap educational system (although that has suffered in recent decades), producing a large pool of highly skilled personell. Also, at ca 90 million (including non-citizens, of which there are 10% or more) its population isnt that small. About a fourth of the US at only 3.6% of its territory. Another definitive factor in Zeiss´s success is its economical structure, which is based not on a sharholder value system for the coordinating mother firm of the network, but a socialized foundation model. Which gives it the ability to invest long-term and often far beyond quarterly figures, and allows rather high wages that make recruiting and holding on to a higly skilled workforce easier.

[@germanjohn5626]

@@jaakkotahtela123 Without kidnapped German scientists and stolen German inventions at the end of WW-II the US would be still a 2nd rate country. As it is, without the influx of European, Russian, and Asian scientists, the US is declining rapidly to 2nd rate level where it historically belongs.

[@derekfromtauranga6012]

I’m always fascinated how they can solder all those tiny chip connections. I know they use solder baths but the circuit board traces are so tiny it’s beyond the average person. I’ve done some work with guitar pedals and amplifier circuits and those components are small and tightly packed but components that you can barely see with the human eye is truly mind boggling!!!

[@ichheute3440]

These connections are not soldered but bonded with specifically designed bonding machines using pressure, heat, and ultrasonic vibration.

[@anittebzniehznieh2939]

Great video! Thanks for pointing this out.

[@dewiz9596]

“Upon Reflection, the enemy succumbed”. .. From “Bullard Reflects”, by Malcolm Jameson. A fun SF story in Anthony Bouchers 1959 “A Treasury of Great Science Fiction” anthology.

[@TheCarmacon]

Makes me proud to have contributed to the development of that machine (laser power module controls).

[@Y2Kvids]

來中國吧，哈比比。

[@xewi60]

i admire you and your colleagues

[@TheHorreK2]

Honestly, as something so common, i never really though about how Microchips are being created. Its just crazy how far we came from soldering grids to this in such a short amount of time. Makes you think what awaits us within the next 50 years or so

[@curious_banda]

Take a college course on VLSI.

[@hurri7720]

Plenty of time to destroy the world and ourselves too, saddly not even a stupid thing to write today.

[@jeremyw6418]

that is so Awesome. i work in a Laboratory in germany. we test those Mirrors and they are so awesome. they got more features, but as far i know im not able to tell them. Its just simply impressiv on what technical level we are. Sadly i cant tell more of my company but its unreal. nearly anything shown in that video, i have seen whith my own eyes that crazy.

[@Musicdudeyoutub]

This channel gives me a new perspective on intellectual property and the free market

[@Musicdudeyoutub]

@Will Swift No.

[@anna-flora999]

@Will Swift it's not just the patent

[@SItgix]

@@anna-flora999 psst he doesnt know about intrinsic knowledge

[@SehrDummerAccountNam]

This kind of stuff is where I really can't understand why it would be left to the free market. Like holy shit, this is technology of an importance so high it’s not even comparable to national security matters and you're leaving it to a system of organization which would be literally fiduciarily obligated to sell it to any hostile government if they offered enough cash?

[@anna-flora999]

@@SehrDummerAccountNam that's afaik not a thing in Germany

[@Mp57navy]

Yes, Germany has positioned itself in the manufacturing world that nothing can be done without them. Those mirrors are just one example.

[@fctorypro]

I think thats super cool because those Images you have shown of the building, are literally in my city! Was there a couple of times, super interesting.

[@moinmoin8125]

I thought that microchips hit a limit in recent years because of quantum effects. With ever smaller transitors electrons startet to randomly jump gaps. Does anyone know more about this?

[@jonasbach1868]

What about Trumpf? They are the world leading firm for all types of lasers. They also developed the Laser inside that machine.

[@parthn-musicforwork4789]

Ohh is it? Then worship them too!

[@Newsthink]

Just released a video about TRUMPF kzbin.info/www/bejne/h3jPpYyVhbB9hZI

[@rolf-smit]

So is this series going to be an invite loop of companies that rely on each other? Because that is in fact how the modern world functions. We are all connected to each other one way or another.

[@Mis7erSeven]

But most things are produced by more than just one company.

[@shrbmr]

until we start killing each other

[@johnnyhorton5984]

Wow! All new to me! Brilliant insight. Thank you.

[@martinneumann7783]

I'm still using a Zeiss folding camera from the 1950's. Made in Stuttgart. Not to bad and fully repairable, because screws, sheet metal, glass and leatherette was used...

[@Steyreon]

Their photography lenses are great, too!

[@dirktegtmeyer]

The title is misleading: Without the extremely advanced mirrors provided my Zeiss, EUV lithography wouldn't be possible, so no microchips < 7nm; However, you could still make micropchips >7nm with lenses, for which there are apparently several suppliers. So without Zeiss' mirrors, civilisation wouldn't collapse - only our smartphones, gaming PC, datacenters etc. would be noticeable slower.

[@InterFelix]

As far as I know, Zeiss also had a monopoly on lenses at the required precision for pre-EUV machines.

[@dzonikg]

My father lived in world with out microchips ..so what

[@filbao8113]

@@dzonikg I also don't get what they're saying

[@bretert]

@@filbao8113 your father also had a noticably harder life. Technological progress is the only thing in the world objectively improving as time goes on whereas social cohesion, general health/intelligence seem to be declining.

[@Xezlec]

@@bretert I don't agree that technology is improving. Some contrived performance numbers may be increasing, but qualitatively speaking, devices seem to just be getting slower, clumsier, less powerful, and harder to use.

[@Boric78]

Zeiss sights were a big reason German panzers and panzer divisions were so successful in 39,40 & 41. Everyone talks about radio, but when the Brits finally got their hands on some panzers in 41 in the desert, it was the Zeiss sights that amazed them.

[@unlink1649]

That, and how accurate the guns were for their caliber.

[@HolgerJakobs]

Actually, the company name is pronounced TSAAIIS. They also make intraocular lenses for people with cataract, also as multifocal lenses. Using these lenses, even older people can see sharp at all distances without spectacles. I have been enoying this technology for the last 4.5 years.

[@Sebastian_Thimm]

Was looking for that comment. It kinda bugs me that so often creators like this one can do a tremendous job at researching the background, but the one thing that seems to elude them is a short search on how to pronounce the name of their object of research in the language of the country it comes from. For me it takes away from the enjoyable info, but granted, it's not the most important thing.

[@piotrberman6363]

OMG, this company has a name pronounced as if it were German?! When I was in Germany 15 years ago, they were switching to part-English, e.g. kartofelwedges in a canteen, Yugendtrain for Spring Break in universities at DB, etc. so I extrapolated that they are linguistically fully English by now.

[@eric8372]

​@@piotrberman6363 Semi-funny... We are living in a globalized world obviously German uses some words originated in a different language same like English does.

[@Kfimenenpah]

Using a normal mirror after looking into a Zeiss mirror once: Everything is crooked, reality is poison,... lambs to the cosmic slaughter

[@ooyginyardel4835]

Being in the optical business I have long admired Zeiss as a premier optical company however, it’s difficult to think that a Japanese company such as Minolta or Nikon couldn’t do the same manufacturing if challenged to do so.

[@Lykyk]

The roots are similar since the reason why Japanese companies started making such good cameras in the cold war is because of technology transfer from Germany to Japan during WWII. Probably not what Hitler had in mind when he authorized it though.

[@lzh4950]

There was a video by Asianometry that explained that Japanese companies tried to develop EUV-capable machines in-house whereas ASML largely outsourced the manufacturing of its machines' components, & focused more on integrating the components together. In the end only the latter was successful probably as the workload of developing a new EUV machines was spread/shared across more stakeholders

[@a0flj0]

​@@lzh4950 If you look at it, that pattern of spreading work so that more specialized companies get to build parts they're best at is pervasive in Europe. It's also the main reason, IMO, why there are so few truly gigantic European companies, like Amazon or Apple are in the US. An European Microsoft would instantly be broken up into several independent companies, each one specialized on something different, like games, cloud, office or middleware, so each one can do one thing only, but do it better than any of its competitors, with just a holding company to manage them all. Europe has understood that empire building is a loosing strategy, long term, both in politics and in business.

[@jolotschka]

Everything the even most professional optical industries in Japan do and got is by starting to copy the Germans. Just look at Leica, Canon and Nikon 😁😉

[@user-ww9hp9fo5n]

Well japan started as an imitator but now they are true innovators Japan has the 7th most nobel prizes in the world

[@luisesteves5929]

It is either BIER a PANZERFAUST or a FLAMMENWERFER!!!!

[@GrumpyOldMan9]

Amazingly, the Germans together with the Dutch rule the world. Grosshartig! Schitterend !!

[@hassan050428]

This channel is a treasure!

[@koshchey4944]

A challenging time I remember was polishing a surface to atomic smoothness, finding a 50 nm x 50 nm imaging area - using tiny landmarks to find the same zone again and again over weeks Then one day I dropped my experiment on the floor I melted it down in a muffle furnace and graphite crucible and started over, reforging, pressing, polishing to atomic smoothness with suspended diamonds, recrystallizing the metal, adding surface functionalization, patterning using voltammetry, then again finding the landmarks. Crazy! :D Silicon dioxide is even worse, because it's brittle like glass and I can't reforge it. If I dropped it on the floor it would be lost and I would be buying a new piece. One elegant method to add lithography directly to silicon is to add surface defects, scratches, with an atomically small silicon nitride cantilever and recrystallizing the surface.

[@carbonturk7200]

Your transition from informing to selling is as smooth and as impressive as the two companies achievements...! Granted...that is pure professionalism...! Money well spent...!

[@michaellucks1642]

One of my favorite anecdotes about German precision, was a group of mfg engineers from Stuttgart that toured a retooled Detroit plant in the 90s. Pointing to a slotted hole, one member asked what it was used for. Seriously didn’t know. After the adjustment explanation, the whole group looked even more confused.

[@TrangDB9]

"how precise do you wanna make it?" Zeiss: "jawohl".

[@paulkohler9256]

I study in Jena and my University even shares the campus with Zeiss. Jena is all about optics. But I wouldn’t be surprised if those mirrors are actually from Schott. And guess what, Schott is our neighbor on the other side of the campus. Nether the less it make me proud to know we share a campus with these companies.😌

[@d4rktranquility]

Amd still people from Oberkochen often believe se Soul of ZEISS is in Oberkochen. Grüße an die EAH. Hab bis 2014 dort WI studiert.

[@fabianbach2615]

Zeiss bought Schott im pretty sure.

[@d4rktranquility]

@@fabianbach2615 no, just no. SCHOTT is another company, but both company have same owner with the Zeiss Stiftung. They never got bought. This is how the founders Otto Schott and Ernst Abbe planned it 150ish years ago.

[@AreHan1991]

I loved both your movies on this! Very informative, I didn’t know all this. So the tech is in and from Europe. Taiwan is producing the chips, but can’t do so without The Netherlands and Germany - and neither can the US I guess

[@willvangaal8412]

Both European .

[@hape3862]

Others make lots of stuff, but we make the machines they use to make it. 🤪🇳🇱🇩🇪

[@koumei1709]

Imagine how someone born in warzone like yemen would think after reading this.

[@hape3862]

@@koumei1709 What do you mean? Because someone in Yemen has other (self-inflicted) problems we in Europe aren't allowed to innovate and produce high-tech?

[@larrybuchannan186]

@@willvangaal8412 European semiconductor is incredibly small compared to american An entire continennt gets its as kickd by ust one country

[@scronx]

Extremely interesting. Thank you.

[@Astrofrank]

Good content - informative and understandable. Hint for pronouncing the "z" in German words: Just use "ts".

[@xl000]

You should hear how they pronounce Einstein / Weinstein...

[@m.s.5370]

@@xl000 also Sport. It's weird, I admit, but every language has these little internal inconsistencies, like how in English, you could spell 'fish' like 'ghoti' using the gh from 'cough', the o from 'women' and the ti from 'nation'.

[@jojogh10]

@@m.s.5370 That's so interesting, yeah!

[@AnarchistEagle]

@@m.s.5370 "You could spell fish like ghoti, if you ignored all of English's internal spelling and pronunciation rules." There is no word in English where "ti" makes /ʃ/ unless it's followed by an o or occasionally a. There is no word where "gh" starts a syllable with /f/. The "o" in "women" isn't even always pronounced with /ɪ/ in all accents, and in what world do you see "ghoti" and not use /o/? English spelling is filled with irregularities, but "ghoti" isn't at all a good example of this because it breaks several rules. Better examples of English being inconsistent are all the "-ough" words, like "cough", "rough", "through", etc, having wildly different pronunciations from the same spelling. I Love Lucy has a fantastic scene about this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q4u5ZWOcZciLfJY

[@m.s.5370]

@@AnarchistEagle sure, but by breaking those rules, the point that English spelling is a mess can still be made. I don't think anyone is arguing that a case such as ghoti exists in this language, it's exaggeration. As my dad always says, exaggeration makes something ostensive and easy to explain. Edit: also, yes, that is a great scene.

[@billmontgomery3737]

Thank you Germans for all your hard work and ingenuity.

[@KillKenny09]

We just did it for the money. Tschüss

[@billmontgomery3737]

@@KillKenny09 duh 🙄

[@thuyetphapthichphaphoamoinhat1]

You already have a tremedous Autobahn. Every other country in Europe has a speed limit, you dont have one, you can theoretically go as fast as your car can be pushed and as fast as you can handle it.

[@iam1smiley1]

Take most of the chips out of cars, they don't need to be tracking devices like our phones 😂

[@SiqueScarface]

The German z is pronounced ts. So it is Tseiss-

[@marioluigi9599]

Yeah it's pronounced like Nazi

[@SiqueScarface]

@@marioluigi9599 Godwin's law for the win!

[@tookitogo]

A less controversial explanation is that the German Z sounds like the Z’s in pizza.

[@tookitogo]

FYI, Zeiss USA’s own KZbin channel pronounces it the same way as the narrator here.

[@marioluigi9599]

@@SiqueScarface What's goblins law?

[@grexursorum6006]

The EUV lasers for ASML are build in germany too i think. Gread video. Didnt know that until now!

[@TheCarmacon]

Yes, manufactured by Trumpf. Including all the power supplies and controls.

[@Newsthink]

Just released a video about TRUMPF kzbin.info/www/bejne/h3jPpYyVhbB9hZI

[@youtubeuser9938]

Love for GERMANY from INDIA ♥️🇮🇳

[@lzh4950]

Meanwhile my 1st time hearing of Zeiss was when Nokia would advertise that its flagship N Series smartphones used camera lenses made by them

[@tassietiger5500]

I strongly disagree. If we don't have that one Zeiss product we would go back to Oct 2012 and I would still classify that time as Modern Civilization. It would simply mean we go back to iPhone 5 or the Samsung Galaxy S III Mini. Hardly the collapse of Modern Civilization.

[@kebeleteeek4227]

Even if we are still using smoke sign communication .. live still goes on ...

[@RADIT-ip3eq]

Let me introduce you to Agricultural thing. The true backbone of civilization, cant play you phone when you hungry. We blessed to live in era where food abundant and distribution system is advance. Yet farmer so humble we often forget them...

[@zn4rf]

@@RADIT-ip3eq "food abundant" are you sure about that?

[@VVayVVard]

@@zn4rf It is. Supply chain disturbances and increases in population numbers cause temporary issues, though. And climate change may eventually cause bigger issues down the line.

[@emilsinclair4190]

@@RADIT-ip3eq farmer have little to do with that. The companies behind the Technologie slike fertilised are responsible for this.

[@magnvss]

1) Modern Civilization wouldn't collapse. It would take some steps back. Modern civilization didn't begin on 1996 or 1984, let alone with the newest computers on 2022. For young people this may sound credible, for older generation this is BS, of course. 2) There are more than 200 unique purveyors of extremely complex and very dedicated technologies that are important for modern computers, many are in the Netherlands, others in Germany, others in the USA. Each plays a role in the whole ASML machine miracle, it's not like one country has the monopoly on the beautiful house of cards that is such extremely complex products. 3) Again, if China could replicate the technology in 10 years or so (or the USA or other countries, varying in years) it's not "the collapse of modern civilization". What happens is that we are too accustomed to advances that never stop or turn back. Yet the Concorde was cancelled. Sometimes things don't work or suffer some delays. Wars in the past had those halting effects (yet also wars introduced technologies that were so far lingering on some people's imaginations) as did economic crisis.

[@kajita2048]

There is way more which was way more important. For example: Gutenberg and his Letterpress, Zuse with his Z3 Computer, Benz with the engine for automobile, Fleming with the first Antibiotics (Penicillin) ect…. so Germany was actually quite creative before ☺️

[@a0flj0]

Germany is situated in the center of Europe - the part that's not Russian, at least. That part of Europe has a geography which favors cultural diversity and makes establishing one single huge empire, like the Chinese or the Russian ones, difficult. (That may be an explanation why Rome never advanced all the way to Scandinavia - and also why, unlike China and Russia, who systematically assimilated or exterminated the populations they conquered, Rome upheld the cultural diversity of their subjects.) This gave rise to distinct communities, with different likes and skills, which developed different crafts and knowledge all over Europe - the non-Russian part. With Germany sitting in the middle, all exchanges of technology and culture across the continent went over Germany. This transformed Germany into a hub and a keeper of technical knowledge long before the industrial revolution started in England. This, IMO, explains why Germany was and continues to be one of the most technologically advanced nations on earth - it's inertia, they've been doing it for centuries already 😁

[@andrewblake2254]

Fleming was a Scot and was in the British army medical corps. I doubt he ever went to Germany.

[@ROGER2095]

Alexander Fleming was Scottish, and did his antibiotic work in Great Britain, not Germany. However, Paul Ehrlich was German and a huge contributor in the field of microbiology, so if you want to brag about important Germans in medicine, he's your boy. And then there's music . . . . . .

[@ilaphroaig]

Life is a network. People that work at Zeisse need food, and a house, and schooling and tools to work with. The need shops, they need clothes to work in. Etc. etc.. How deep will you go. So, we can't live without eachother. Nobody is special, we are all needed.

[@KeinNiemand]

but unlike with these mirrors there are lots of company that procuce food or build houses

[@sayarimamani3605]

POV You didnt get it

[@organicfarm5524]

@@KeinNiemand cause of dirty monopoly

[@victorhopper6774]

@@KeinNiemand yet the transister was invented by one japanese man . no man and no country is all that by itself. yet today we are so dumb to put enough power into a few old farts to destroy us all.

[@jordangreen29]

Thanks Germany. Sounds like an important part and contributor to the world

[@Benman2785]

ever wondered how your phone switches to landscape when you tilt it? its a Bosch Sensor - in nearly EVERY device that has that function. also german ;)

[@dipiti8739]

Chips would not have come without the efforts and contributions of many.

[@joso5554]

It’s an especially heartwarming thought to know that China is banned from procuring ASML and Zeiss advanced microprocessor production technologies and equipment.

[@d.o.g573]

I am having the same thought. And they can never buy them hihihi

[@bambangl]

(Most of) the lithography mirrors are not flat, they are curved! Making a flat precision mirror is relatively easy, but a curved mirror with such precision, that is what others can't do.

[@nickname7680]

I think he is talking about the surface being flat, without imperfections. This also applies when the mirror itself is curved.

[@Kirillissimus]

@@nickname7680 What they really meant is that the surface had not only to have precise average geometry but to be smooth and not to have excessive local imperfections. Flatness and smoothness are completely different surface qualities and many of the mirrors clearly do not have any flat surfaces at all, their shape is more complex.

[@need100k]

Being that these two companies are so critical to the world supply of computer chips, an enemy could target one of both companies for sabotage or worse. I'm sure they both have extremely good security, especially cyber security.

[@howtomundane3109]

If they are taken down, the chip manufacturing of micro-/nanoelectronics is in trouble. Big problem!

[@anna-flora999]

What would they gain from that, exactly?

[@proudhuman166]

@@anna-flora999 actually nothing

[@jr0812]

Excellent share with great tips on Trading psychology 🙏

[@thomasgoetz8723]

There is an even more important Geran product which basically holds the world together. This product is the German humor😁

[@ReadTheShrill]

The assertion in the title is ridiculous. Civilization would not collapse without the most advanced chips - civilization would simply revert to slightly less advanced chips. For the average person, this would barely be noticeable.

[@parthn-musicforwork4789]

Yeah this is going too far, and its too much marketing too, humanity is too big to be “dependent” on a few people like this, anyone can step in and make what these companies are making eventually…

[@siddharthshanker7142]

Getout Germany you make people life hell

[@siddharthshanker7142]

Technology is harmful for humans so German product should be stop from purchase and business Get out Germany Quit movement for German product

[@dzonikg]

I still use laptop from 8 years ago..look i am on internet and i did not collapse

[@monnoo8221]

no, wrong. No understanding there. The average would then be very quickly very poor and very dead

[@sanchezking6188]

To be fair, ASML is not the only company that makes lithography units and Zeiss is not the only company making industrial optics of this quality. They may be the best ones, but they have got plenty of competition in areas that do not strictly require the last word in technology.

[@gabrielp.179]

But asml is the only one making lithography machines capable of making 7nm or under transistors.... And Zeiss is on the same boat, so they are the only ones that are relevant for cutting edge technology. Of course a lot of bigger process nodes are still used, but since these smaller ones have so many advantages it is the more interesting part

[@d.o.g573]

Errr wrong the „lenses“ which are made bei Zeiss are unique on this world

[@glenzee9083]

What the world needs to understand is a computer 5 years old without these nano chip sizes still did the job In a slightly larger chip footprint. The workd won't end without them. In fact state of the art 5 years ago was still 20 years ahead of it's time.

[@biem7091]

So basically, Zeiss is important because it's the only supplier for ASML, which is the only supplier for TSMC, which is the biggest supplier for chips, which are used for all electrical products

[@5414vivek]

There weren't civilizations before microchip?

[@bernhardtrian7471]

no, we were apes. Your answer ive got ye ye . Any other questions?

[@5414vivek]

@@bernhardtrian7471 what are you talking about there were so many civilization like indus valley, Roman , Egyptian, Chinese, Persian, Ottoman, and so so many more.

[@ologhai8559]

@@5414vivek it's called sarcasm Sheldon

[@That_One_Guy...]

@@5414vivek What the fuck are you even talking about, the video is talking about Modern Civilization as in 2000s Civ y. You want to go back to being ape ? wait until someone invented time machine

[@krashd]

@@5414vivek Were they modern civilizations? No.

[@tekinoglusami]

I moved to Jena a year ago! I work 5 mins away from Zeiss and pass them daily. I didn't know Zeiss was this important on a global scale!

[@dieterk9568]

there are two Zeiss, you are talking about Carl Zeiss Jena, the Zeiss discussed here is Zeiss Oberkochen, created by Zeiss engineers defected to West Germany after WW II

[@norbertfleck812]

Also Heidenhain is crucial for ASML as without these measuring devices you cannot position the wafers properly. Heidenhain is the inly company in the world which can measure 1 nm electronically.

[@TheSupraphonics]

It's not hard to find out that in German a Z is always pronounced as TS.

[@paul1979uk2000]

I remember reading an article a few years ago where it was said that the EU builds a lot of the tech that builds the foundations of creating other tech, so under the raider tech, the US builds a lot of the flashy tech that's in our face, hence why you get many Americans who seem to think Europeans don't build high-tech, it's just under the raider tech that doesn't get noticed by most but is critical to the tech industry nonetheless and then we have Asia and especially China that is the manufactory of the world, which without that, the cost of goods would be much higher. In a sense, you need all 3 or the modern would fall apart or it would send us back a few decades

[@davidtindell950]

thank You !

[@rongarza9488]

Just a thought: a Tesla turbine uses a fluid flowing "upstream" between disks to turn the rotor. I'm betting that fluid erodes any imperfections on the disk surfaces. Just a thought, could this make flat mirrors?

[@briansimard305]

Another German product that is essential to the ASML EUV system is the Trumpf 30+ kW CO2 laser that creates the plasma from the tin droplets. How about a video about this system, since it comprises a large portion of the overall EUV lithography machine?

[@Newsthink]

Their laser is incredible. Just released a video about TRUMPF kzbin.info/www/bejne/h3jPpYyVhbB9hZI

[@mrfatuchi]

1:57 first you say curved then you say flat... I get what you meant but you should have said smooth right away not flat, flat indicated overall shape of the mirror not how smooth it is.

[@Newsthink]

I see what you mean. I mention smooth later but yes, flat and curved do seem like contradictions.

[@markcummings1319]

She’s so good can’t get mad at those last minute commercials.

[@douglassauvageau7262]

Advancements in optics have occurred with remarkable speed. The "ping-pong ball on the moon" analogy is completely credible if atmospheric turbulence can be compensated for.

[@mdwilson94]

German scientists: the most important thing in modern science

[@wysiwyg2489]

I visited Zeiss development center in Jena in the late 1900's when still was part of Eastern Germany, very impressive facility.

[@theacme3]

Karl Zeiss was split into two companies after WWII (east and west). They reunied after the fall of the iron curtain but i think that the high-tech stuff came from the west, not the eastern subsidiary.

[@wysiwyg2489]

@@theacme3 This facility was about high tech, we were looking for a LASER scoring machine and Jenoptik was the only one with pulse technology thru light sensoring which at the time was unique.

[@d4rktranquility]

@@theacme3 that's the problem of reunited germany. The west just ignores the quality of east german products. Zeiss east was on par with Zeiss west in terms of their products. The production was not as efficent as in the west. After the reunion, the high prestige productions stayed in Oberkochen while Jena lost them. Zeiss is a perfect example how the reunification was an unequal occupation inany levels. The fact that ZEISS is not centered in Jena is a stupid joke of the history. Luckily Jena brings up new leading technologies every few decades, so Jena got some space for the next ZEISS or Intershop.

[@mikedaleiden7725]

With that title, I thought this was going to be about beer!