小朋友👦👧也會得Cancer嗎? 兒童常見腫瘤類型有哪些? Do kids get cancer too? What are the common childhood cancer types?

很多人印象當中癌症是跟年齡的增長成正比, 都是中老年疾病, 的確一些常見的癌症是隨著年齡的增長而變得更發病率高例如肺癌, 前列腺癌, 乳癌, 胃癌, 腸癌等等, 但是兒童及青少年也會偶然發生癌症, 這些癌症發生的機制跟成人的癌症有所不同, 而且種類也不相同, 以 白血病俗稱(血癌)為例, 大多數兒童及青少年的血癌為急性淋巴性白血病(ALL), 而成年人的急性血癌大多為急性髓性白血病(AML), 而肝臟的腫瘤中一種名為肝母細胞瘤(hepatoblastoma)基本只會在兒童中出現, 而成年人所得的肝腫瘤大多數是肝細胞癌(HCC, 但兒童也可以有HCC). 生殖細胞瘤相對在青少年15至19歲較常見, 生殖細胞瘤不只在男性的睾丸和女性的卵巢上發生, 也可以長在胸腔, 腹腔和脊椎. 隨著不斷有新的治療手段推出, 兒童癌症現在的生存率也大幅提高, 以最常見的兒童癌症血癌和淋巴瘤為例, 除了傳統的化療和放射治療外, 現在也有標靶針對性治療, 近年也推出了細胞療法(CAR-T 細胞免疫治療). 這些劃時代的治療手段使得以前不能根治的癌症可以得以治癒
Many people equal cancer to old age, and it is a disease in middle-aged and elderly people. It is true that some common cancers have a higher incidence with age, such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, etc., but childhood cancers also occur occasionally in children and adolescents. The mechanism of these cancers is different from that of adult cancers, and the types are also different. Taking leukemia as an example, most blood cancers in children and adolescents are acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and most common acute blood cancers in adults are acute myeloid leukemia (AML) A type of liver tumour called hepatoblastoma basically only occurs in children, and liver tumours in adults Most are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, but children can also have HCC). Germ cell tumours are relatively more common in adolescents 15 to 19 years old, and germ cell tumours occur not only in the testes of men and the ovaries of women but also in the chest cavity, abdominal cavity and spine. With the advancement of new treatments for childhood cancers, survival rates have also improved significantly. Taking the most common childhood cancers, leukemia and lymphoma, for example, in addition to traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there are now also targeted therapy, as well as the novel cell therapy (CAR-T cell immunotherapy) in recent years. These breakthrough treatment approaches allow previously incurable cancers to be cured
#childhoodcancer #adolescentcancer #leukemia #lymphoma #livertumour #兒童癌症 #青少年癌症 #白血病 #淋巴癌