X Ray Series #1 The X Ray Tube

[@Chrissy4605]

I am so glad I found your channel. Damn that guitar amp would send the guitarist many miles into orbit.

[@korey8417]

I'm in X-ray school and this video helped me out so much to pass my final! Very cool.

[@xraytonyb]

Best Wishes on your new career!

[@dforaker]

Very useful information. My 2nd interview for and Imaging Engineering Technician is this week. Great channel!

[@numptification]

Very interesting and very well presented.

[@jamesclawson9156]

Very interrreeesssting,,,, thumbs up

[@johngross6735]

I always like xraytonyb's videos, but 9 commercials in a 27:32 video. Whats with that KZbin?

[@xraytonyb]

And I even unchecked "mid-roll ads". The "new" ad system stinks, if you ask me.

[@StealthParrot]

I would clarify the statement that you cannot have a stationary target because it would melt. In the case of imaging x-ray tubes, I agree, they use a rotating anode for cooling. However, in a linear accelerator which uses a huge order of magnitude higher energy, ie 6MeV or 18Mex photon energies, we use a stationary water cooled tungsten target. Another item of note is that these x-ray tubes use differential voltage, that is each high voltage cable is at a potential of +/-75KV (to give 150KV). Very nice explanation of the x-ray tube, we have these in our C.T.'s and Varian radiation treatment equipment for KV imaging.

[@weeardguy]

Interesting, when I had a job interview at the nuclear healthcare department of a cancer specialised hospital some 12 years ago or so, the LINACS there were capable of doing 8 MeV if I remember it right, but I can't remember anything about the targets being water cooled. Maybe I missed it, there was a lot of interesting stuff explained to me by one of the mechanics who showed me around in the machine-room of their testing machine and who (so I got the feeling anyway) was glad that someone had walked in with some technical knowledge upfront instead of being completely blank. I saw the waveguide from the very beginning at the glowing filament (It's tiny for such a huge machine!) and I can remember how he said I was better off not touching it, even though that should be possible. 'From experience we know it can build up quite the static charge on the outside of the glass...' Even though it should be safe to be there while the machine is in stand-by mode, I was in awe of the power supply that could not have more warning labels on it and especially the 'WARNING! 150 kV PRESENT INSIDE THIS UNIT!' label made it very clear. When the mechanic just casually slapped his hand on the cover and stated 'and here we have our trusty HV power supply...' I really did swallow for a while ;)

[@StealthParrot]

@@weeardguy None of our Varian linacs do 8MeV, the standard energies are 6X, 6FFF, 10X, 10FFF, 15X, 18X, 6MeV, 12MeV, 16MeV and 20MeV. Which manufacturer was it? Not sure what Elekta does. All Varian targets are water cooled. Also, there is no visible glowing filament on an accelerator, the accelerator section is under high vacuum and even the electron gun is inside the high vacuum envelope. I suspect what you are referring to is the main thyratron in the modulator. These are glass high power switching devices and you can see the filament glow if the cover is opened up and the safety screen interlock is opened. This transfers the high voltage from the pulse forming network to the pulse transformer in the stand of the treatment unit. This is attached to a klystron rf device which provides the high power rf to accelerate electrons down the accelerator. The modulator typically generate a max 25KV DC. But even that can make for a very bad day if you don't understand what you're doing!

[@weeardguy]

​@@StealthParrot That's the weird thing, a lot of information was fired at me and even the display cabinets with all kinds of parts of those machines in the waiting room was soo interesting that I was sucking it up like a spunge, but I can't remember the brand at all anymore ;) . I don't think it was Varian, as I happen to remember that someone in that field (who did worked with those) was very enthusiastic to hear that I was having a job interview there and started asking me all kinds of questions. < While I was writing this, I suddenly remembered the brand! They were Elekta's! It could very well be that what I saw was a test-mode they usually do not use on patients or I just remembered it wrong. Hell, I already had a blast being allowed to press the emergency shutdown button in the treatment room and get a shitload of alarms going (apart from the impressive 'thump' that would come from the machineroom), start one of those machines just by the press of a small digital button like you find on washing machines and such on the control-box in front of me, while one of the radiologists was explaining how treatments usually went, while one of the technicians was showing me the oscilloscope with the pulse from (I think) the magnetron and how it should look like. Maybe for clarity: I was there for a job-interview in a function where I would be the daily tester for radiation dosage accuracy, alignment of the machine and treatment table and what not of those machines, but would also try to work my way through the manuals to find a way to get testing done quicker, without affecting safety or accuracy (for as far not the same in this field of work), I would never work with those things on patients, just fire it at styrene test-targets (that would disintegrate after a set number of radiation doses in a very, very scary way with strange brown discolourised cracks all over) and aligning the thing with the XYZ-lasersystems hidden in the walls and ceiling), measure the amount of radiation with a special measuring target that would transmit it's data via RS-232 via a long cable down the labyrinth to the control-desk and that sort of things. Trust me, it really was the filament at the very start of the waveguide that I saw ;) . It was so weird to see such a small filament for such a huge tube (if I remember it right, the waveguide was 6 meter long, that's about 18 feet). Maybe, as it was their test-machine where they would perform all kinds of tests with (the ceiling was open in this treatment room, just like part of the visual shielding that usually hide the scary looking parts from the patient) that a cover was removed, but I can remember how eerie it felt when the mechanic who showed me around said 'and if you lean forward, you can do so safely here, and look around the corner there, you will see the filament of the waveguide glowing. That thingy provides the electrons into the waveguide, travelling on the waves output from the magnetron.' And indeed, all the HV going on inside the thing was definitely scary. Especially the cascade that provided the 150 kV... wow... 'THIS DEVICE CAN AND WILL KILL IF NOT PROPERLY SERVICED. REFER for SERVICE TO TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY! NEVER WORK ALONE!' When it comes to the targets: you are most likely right. I put a very nice video from Elekta in my favourites and watched it again: I was confused with the tungsten filters, not the targets ;) .

[@maneaflorin1]

Hello, Our xray tube has a small oil leakage. (few drops on month). Is this dangerous?

[@keybutnolock]

Nice one. The guitar amp......................................... I can see it now : )

[@justtinkering6713]

When I worked x-ray and ct we used to call this the big fuse.

[@DeepakSaini-ti6gp]

Very Well Thanks

[@wardogies]

What's the cool down time roughly with a spinning anode tube

[@neilsadlowski2967]

I used to work for Philips healthcare. Change and calibrated a zillion of those. Who do you work for?

[@lamberttsegha3048]

If the Xray housing tube is having leakage of oil and it malfunctioning, what next for repair and how much is the cost for new one?

[@xraytonyb]

Certain housings are non-repairable and need to be replaced. Others, such as those made by Varian/Varex, for example, can be sent back to the factory and have the seals repaired and oil replaced, as long as the insert is still good. Cost is less than a new tube, but not a whole lot less.

[@alos10subspasomipack33]

some ppl already mentioned it, but high voltage + vacuum = X-ray , you do not want that ☢☢☢⚠

[@muhaiminchoudhury2866]

What is the wattage of an xray tube?

[@xraytonyb]

They are all different. The one you see in this video has a maximum dissipation of about 50kW, or 50,000 watts. So if you apply 100kV (100,000 volts) at 500 mA (.5 amps), you would be in spec, but just barely. Some of the larger tubes are capable of 80 or even 100kW. Tubes used in a CT (cat scanners) are even larger. More important is the duration. Even though a tube can peak out at 50kW, it is NOT for continuous duty, but rather for short duration (less than a second ). X-Ray tubes also have a "heat unit" rating, which takes into account the rate at which any given amount of wattage will heat the anode of the tube versus the rate at which the anode can dissipate the heat. Exceeding the heat unit rating of the tube will cause damage to the tube and can even cause the anode to melt (been there, done that)! The tube in the video has a rating of 200,000 HU (heat units), and there is a chart that shows the rate at which heat is accumulated and dissipated with respect to kW of input power applied for each tube type. Hope that helps.

[@qzorn4440]

very interesting, i work with x-ray tubes that have only one high voltage connector. thanks.

[@jorgearturogonzalez5908]

looking for : PHILIPS Super Rotalix Metal (SRM) rotating anode X-ray tube, can give me any help

[@pattygraham19]

Thanks

[@ericmulwa9864]

How do you test x ray terminal with multimeter?

[@ericmulwa9864]

X ray tube

[@steveyoung8560]

Building a guitar amp Hmmm, I think Doc Brown built one in Back To The Future, didn't he? Very interesting video.

[@wardogies]

Just curious what would happen to the tube if it energized and it was way to hot

[@xraytonyb]

+Jon SilveiraEach time the tube is energized, it starts to heat up. If you don't give proper time for cooling, the heat will accumulate faster than it can dissipate. If the tube is overheated, it could fail in a similar way to a regular vacuum tube that you would find in an amplifier or radio. Just as a radio tube will "red plate", meaning the anode gets red hot, so also will the anode of the x-ray tube get red (and sometimes even white) hot. This can damage or even destroy the tube. In extreme cases, I've even seen the glass bulb of the tube crack, causing the oil to leak out of the tube port. You really have to overload the tube for this to happen, though.

[@wardogies]

+xraytonyb oh ok thanks I was curious when the glass breaks must be scary

[@xraytonyb]

+Jon Silveira Only if the tube is over a patient (thankfully, I've never seen this happen!) ;) Otherwise, it's just a mess to clean up.

[@tomb375]

Do some Modern X-Ray Please!

[@zomzomiiithebot3640]

is that sewage pvc pipe?

6:03 “You should never ever try to work with one of these” KREOSAN say, hold my vodka! kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z5jUZ4CgaZ6LlZo

[@terryhill6935]

So, that’s how it was done on the movie Back to the future... now we know.

[@jamesmcmillan4463]

actually, the thyroid and gonads are more sensitive to radiation.

[@jimgiordano8218]

Let's see, a guitar amp that puts out a million watts, everyone need one of those. LOL!

[@jackburnett2810]

You guys are always going on about the weak medical XRays. I built security XRays, the 190Kv grandaddys of XRays that emits enough to give you your lifetime dose in one exposure. Lol